Low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze, preparation method thereof and sanitary ware

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of glaze preparation, in particular to low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze, a preparation method thereof and sanitary ware. The low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze provided by the invention comprises a glaze material and an antibacterial material, the glaze material comprises albite, lepidolite, zinc phosphate, barium carbonate, calcined talc, calcined kaolin and low-aluminum raw materials, the low-aluminum raw materials comprise quartz, zircon sand and wollastonite, and the antibacterial material comprises silver lactate and rare earth oxide. The rare earth oxide comprises yttrium oxide, scandium oxide and cerium oxide. The potent flux, the low-temperature reactive component and the low-aluminum system are introduced into the glaze to form the glaze, so that the influence of the high-melting-point component is reduced, and the melting temperature of the glaze is reduced. Meanwhile, the glaze components and the antibacterial material provided by the invention can significantly reduce the firing temperature of the glaze, greatly reduce the energy consumption in large-scale production, and effectively improve the resource utilization efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of glaze making, and particularly relates to a low-temperature antibacterial opacifying glaze, a preparation method thereof, and a sanitary ware. Background Art

[0002] Glaze is a thin layer covering the surfaces of ceramics, enamels, etc. It is mainly made by mixing mineral raw materials and chemical raw materials and then firing at high temperature, and can play a role in decoration, protection or sealing. Among them, the glaze used on the surface of sanitary ware generally requires high strength, corrosion resistance and easy cleaning. With the progress of science and the improvement of people's requirements for health, the application demand of antibacterial materials in sanitary ware has increased significantly. As one of the commonly used materials on the surface of sanitary ware, the antibacterial performance of opacifying glaze directly affects the quality of sanitary ware. However, traditional antibacterial agents used in opacifying glaze are prone to inactivation during the high-temperature sintering process of ceramics, and the dispersibility and stability of antibacterial agents are not ideal, making it difficult to exert an efficient antibacterial effect. At the same time, in the use scenarios of sanitary ware, a large amount of ammonia is often generated, and the generation of ammonia will bring pungent odors and health hazards.

[0003] The prior art discloses a preparation method of an antibacterial ceramic glaze water. By adding a silver-based antibacterial agent, the antibacterial effect is improved. However, the long-term antibacterial effect is not obvious, and it does not have the ability to absorb ammonia. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects that the ceramic glaze in the prior art has an unsatisfactory long-term antibacterial effect and the sanitary ware does not have the ability to absorb ammonia, so as to provide a low-temperature antibacterial opacifying glaze, a preparation method thereof, and a sanitary ware.

[0005] On the one hand, the present invention provides a low-temperature antibacterial opacifying glaze, which includes a glaze material and an antibacterial material. Among them, the glaze material includes albite, lepidolite, zinc phosphate, barium carbonate, calcined talc, calcined kaolin and a low-aluminum raw material. The low-aluminum raw material includes quartz, zircon sand and wollastonite. The antibacterial material includes silver lactate and rare earth oxides. The rare earth oxides include yttrium oxide, scandium oxide and cerium oxide. The content of albite in the glaze material is 10-17wt%, the content of lepidolite is 4.3-9.6wt%, the content of zinc phosphate is 1.5-4wt%, the content of barium carbonate is 2.8-4wt%, the content of calcined talc is 7-10wt%, the content of quartz is 28-35wt%, the content of zircon sand is 15-20wt%, the content of wollastonite is 4.5-6.3wt%, and the content of calcined kaolin is 8-11wt%. The content of silver lactate is 1.3-2.5wt%, the content of yttrium oxide is 1.6-2.3wt%, the content of scandium oxide is 1.2-1.8wt%, and the content of cerium oxide is 0.9-1.8wt%.

[0006] The present invention uses silver lactate as the preferred antibacterial material. On the one hand, taking advantage of the excellent melting performance of silver lactate, it can efficiently release silver ions during low-temperature firing to achieve long-term sterilization. By utilizing the synergistic effect of rare earth elements scandium, yttrium, and cerium with silver ions, the bactericidal effect is significantly enhanced through the catalysis of rare earth elements on the release of silver ions. On the other hand, compared with organic silver materials such as silver oxalate or silver citrate, the present invention utilizes the good solubility of silver lactate to improve the dispersibility of antibacterial substances in the glaze, avoiding the problem of agglomeration that causes uneven release of antibacterial materials, thereby leading to unstable antibacterial effects. At the same time, silver lactate, which is weakly acidic, has strong compatibility with the glaze matrix, that is, it will neither cause precipitation of silver ions due to pH fluctuations nor corrode the glaze; at the same time, silver lactate can form a complex with ammonia to reduce the concentration of free ammonia, and the formed complex can also undergo a neutralization reaction with barium oxide in the glaze to form an ammonium salt, while the reactive oxygen species (such as ·OH) generated by the catalytic decomposition of ammonia by rare earth oxides can dissociate the complex and release silver ions to maintain long-term antibacterial activity. This "complexation-neutralization-catalysis" closed-loop mechanism is difficult to achieve with other organic silver salts (for example, silver citrate).

[0007] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for preparing a low-temperature antibacterial opacifying glaze, including the following steps: Step 1: Mix the raw materials of the antibacterial material according to the ratio to form a powder, and then add the raw materials of the glaze to form a mixture; Step 2: Mix the mixture to obtain a low-temperature antibacterial opacifying glaze; the specific process of forming the powder in Step 1 includes, under stirring, mixing the raw materials of the antibacterial material and water respectively, performing solid-liquid separation, and passing through a first sieve to form a powder. Among them, the stirring speed is 400-600 rpm, the stirring time is 60-120 min, the stirring temperature is 60-80 °C, the solid-liquid separation includes a drying step, the drying temperature is 70-90 °C, the drying time is 1-2 h, and the mesh number of the first sieve is 1000-1200 mesh; the specific process of Step 2 includes, under grinding, mixing and dispersing the mixture, and passing through a second sieve to obtain a low-temperature antibacterial opacifying glaze. The grinding speed is 200-400 rpm, the grinding time is 60-90 min, the dispersion includes an ultrasonic treatment step, the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic treatment is 600-900 W, the ultrasonic treatment time is 0.5-2 h, the mesh number of the second sieve is 400-600 mesh. During the grinding process, grinding balls and water are also included, and the mass ratio of the total mass of the opacifying glaze and the powder, the grinding balls and water is 1:2-3:0.9-1.2.

[0008] Meanwhile, the present invention also provides a sanitary ware, the glaze surface of which is obtained by dipping with an opacifying glaze and microwave sintering. The opacifying glaze includes the above-mentioned low-temperature antibacterial opacifying glaze. The application thickness of the opacifying glaze is 0.9 - 1.2 mm, the temperature of the microwave sintering is 1150 - 1180 °C, and the heat preservation time is 0.5 - 1 h.

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages: 1. A low-temperature antibacterial opacifying glaze provided by the present invention includes a glaze material and a bacteriostatic material. Among them, the glaze material includes albite, lepidolite, zinc phosphate, barium carbonate, burnt talc, calcined kaolin, and a low-aluminum raw material. The low-aluminum raw material includes quartz, zircon sand, and wollastonite. The bacteriostatic material includes silver lactate and rare earth oxides. The rare earth oxides include yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, and cerium oxide. The content of albite in the glaze material is 10 - 17 wt%, the content of lepidolite is 4.3 - 9.6 wt%, the content of zinc phosphate is 1.5 - 4 wt%, the content of barium carbonate is 2.8 - 4 wt%, the content of burnt talc is 7 - 10 wt%, the content of quartz is 28 - 35 wt%, the content of zircon sand is 15 - 20 wt%, the content of wollastonite is 4.5 - 6.3 wt%, and the content of calcined kaolin is 8 - 11 wt%. The content of silver lactate is 1.3 - 2.5 wt%, the content of yttrium oxide is 1.6 - 2.3 wt%, the content of scandium oxide is 1.2 - 1.8 wt%, and the content of cerium oxide is 0.9 - 1.8 wt%. The present invention introduces powerful fluxes including albite, lepidolite, zinc phosphate, and barium carbonate, low-temperature reactive components including burnt talc, and forms a glaze material with a low-aluminum system, reducing the influence of high-melting-point components and lowering the melting temperature of the glaze material. At the same time, the present invention uses rare earth oxides as raw materials for bacteriostatic materials, which can not only achieve an efficient and long-lasting bacteriostatic effect but also further reduce the firing temperature of the glaze. The glaze material components and bacteriostatic materials provided by the present invention can not only significantly reduce the firing temperature of the glaze material, greatly reduce the energy consumption in large-scale production, and effectively improve the resource utilization efficiency. At the same time, using slow-release carriers such as zinc phosphate and barium carbonate to control the release rate of silver ions to ensure the persistence of the antibacterial effect, and the formed glaze can also remove ammonia. The present invention uses quartz, zircon sand, and wollastonite as raw materials for the opacifying glaze, which can not only further reduce the firing temperature of the glaze but also form a stable high-silicate structure with zircon sand and yttrium oxide. Yttrium oxide further stabilizes zircon crystals through solid solution effects, enhancing the glaze surface strength. At the same time, the present invention utilizes the excellent melting performance of silver lactate to efficiently release silver ions during low-temperature firing to achieve long-term sterilization, and uses the synergistic effect of rare earth elements scandium, yttrium, and cerium with silver ions to significantly enhance the sterilization effect through the catalysis of rare earth elements on the release of silver ions.

[0010] 2. The preparation method of the low-temperature antibacterial opal glaze provided by the present invention includes the following steps: Step 1: Mix the raw materials of the antibacterial material according to the ratio to form a powder, and then add the raw materials of the glaze thereto to form a mixture; Step 2: Mix the mixture to obtain the low-temperature antibacterial opal glaze. The specific process of making the powder in Step 1 includes, under the state of stirring, mixing the raw materials of the antibacterial material and water respectively, separating the solid and liquid, passing through a first sieve, and making a powder. Among them, the stirring speed is 400-600 rpm, the stirring time is 60-120 min, the stirring temperature is 60-80 °C, the solid-liquid separation includes a drying step, the drying temperature is 70-90 °C, the drying time is 1-2 h, and the mesh number of the first sieve is 1000-1200 mesh; The specific process of Step 2 includes, under the state of grinding, mixing the mixture, dispersing it, and passing through a second sieve to obtain the low-temperature antibacterial opal glaze. The grinding speed is 200-400 rpm, the grinding time is 60-90 min, the dispersion includes an ultrasonic treatment step, the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic treatment is 600-900 W, the ultrasonic treatment time is 0.5-2 h, the mesh number of the second sieve is 400-600 mesh. During the grinding process, grinding balls and water are also included. The mass ratio of the total mass of the opal glaze and the powder to the mass of the grinding balls and water is 1:2-3:0.9-1.2. The present invention controls the particle size of the raw materials in the opal glaze through the grinding method, and adopts an antibacterial material with a nanometer particle size mesh, making the distribution of silver ions and rare earth oxides more uniform and the antibacterial activity stronger. At the same time, using the microwave sintering process, the material is directly heated inside by electromagnetic waves to achieve overall uniform heating, avoiding the temperature gradient caused by heat transfer from the outside to the inside in the traditional heating method, promoting the synchronous heating and uniform dispersion of the antibacterial powder and the glaze layer, thereby improving the antibacterial performance of the glaze surface.

[0011] 3. A sanitary ware provided by the present invention, the glaze surface of the sanitary ware is obtained by dipping the opal glaze and microwave sintering treatment. The opal glaze includes the above-mentioned low-temperature antibacterial opal glaze. The application thickness of the dipped opal glaze is 0.9-1.2 mm, the temperature of the microwave sintering is 1150-1180 °C, and the holding time is 0.5-1 h. The present invention efficiently removes ammonia through the combined action of multiple mechanisms such as the acidic conversion of zinc phosphate, the alkaline fixation of barium carbonate, the catalytic decomposition of rare earth oxides, and the complexation of silver ions in the glaze. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0013] Figure 1It is the microscopic morphology diagram of the low-temperature antibacterial opal glaze prepared in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 2 It is another microscopic morphology diagram of the low-temperature antibacterial opal glaze prepared in Example 2 of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0014] The following embodiments are provided to better understand the present invention further, and are not limited to the described optimal implementation manners. They do not constitute a limitation to the content and protection scope of the present invention. Any product identical or similar to the present invention obtained by anyone under the inspiration of the present invention or by combining the features of the present invention with those of other existing technologies falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0015] For those embodiments where specific experimental steps or conditions are not indicated, the operations or conditions of the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in this field can be followed. For the reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not indicated, they are all conventional reagent products that can be obtained through commercial purchase.

[0016] The chemical compositions of the raw materials in the glaze in the embodiments of the present invention are shown in Table 1.

[0017] Table 1 Chemical compositions of the raw materials in the glaze (unit: wt%)

[0018] Example 1 This embodiment provides a preparation method of a low-temperature antibacterial opal glaze, and the specific steps and parameters are as follows: (1) Prepare the glaze: Mix the following materials according to 34 wt% of quartz, 16 wt% of zircon sand, 15 wt% of albite, 10 wt% of calcined kaolin, 9 wt% of burnt talc, 4.3 wt% of lepidolite, 4.5 wt% of wollastonite, 4 wt% of zinc phosphate, and 3.2 wt% of barium carbonate to form a first mixture; (2) Prepare the antibacterial material: Based on the total weight of the opal glaze, mix the following materials and deionized water at a constant temperature of 70 °C and a rotation speed of 500 rpm for 60 min, then place them in an oven at 80 °C for drying for 1 h, take out and grind through a 1000-mesh sieve to obtain the antibacterial material; (3) Prepare the opal glaze: Mix the first mixture and the antibacterial material to form the second mixture. According to the ratio of the second mixture, grinding balls, and water of 1:2:0.9, wet ball mill the above materials in a ball mill tank. The rotation speed of the ball mill is 300 rpm, the ball milling time is 60 min, and with a power of 800 W, ultrasonically treat the ball-milled mixture for 1 h, and pass through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain an opalescent glaze.

[0019] Example 2 This example provides a preparation method of a low-temperature antibacterial opalescent glaze, and the specific steps and parameters are as follows: (1) Prepare the glaze: Mix the following materials: quartz 28 wt%, zircon sand 20 wt%, albite 13 wt%, calcined kaolin 11 wt%, burnt talc 10 wt%, lepidolite 6.5 wt%, wollastonite 6 wt%, zinc phosphate 1.5 wt%, barium carbonate 4 wt% to form the first mixture; (2) Prepare the antibacterial material: Based on the total weight of the opalescent glaze, mix the following materials and deionized water: silver lactate 2.5 wt%, yttrium oxide 2.3 wt%, scandium oxide 1.6 wt%, and cerium oxide 1.8 wt%. At a constant temperature of 70 °C and a rotation speed of 500 rpm, mix for 80 min, then place in an oven at 80 °C and dry for 1.5 h. Take out and grind through a 1000-mesh sieve to obtain the antibacterial material; (3) Prepare the opalescent glaze: Mix the first mixture and the antibacterial material to form the second mixture. According to the ratio of the second mixture, grinding balls, and water of 1:2.5:1, wet ball mill the above materials in a ball mill tank. The rotation speed of the ball mill is 400 rpm, the ball milling time is 75 min, and with a power of 600 W, ultrasonically treat the ball-milled mixture for 1.5 h, and pass through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain an opalescent glaze.

[0020] Perform SEM scanning on the opalescent glaze prepared in this example. Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , it can be seen that numerous micro-nano antibacterial opalescent crystal phases are evenly distributed in the glaze layer, effectively improving the antibacterial performance of the glaze surface.

[0021] Example 3 This example provides a preparation method of a low-temperature antibacterial opalescent glaze, and the specific steps and parameters are as follows: (1) Prepare the glaze: Mix the following materials: quartz 32 wt%, zircon sand 15 wt%, albite 17 wt%, calcined kaolin 9 wt%, burnt talc 7 wt%, lepidolite 9.6 wt%, wollastonite 5 wt%, zinc phosphate 2.6 wt%, barium carbonate 2.8 wt% to form the first mixture; (2) Preparation of antibacterial material: Based on the total weight of the opacifying glaze, according to 1.3 wt% of silver lactate, 1.8 wt% of yttrium oxide, 1.8 wt% of scandium oxide, and 0.9 wt% of cerium oxide, the above materials and deionized water were mixed at a constant temperature of 60 °C and a rotation speed of 600 rpm for 100 min, then placed in an oven at 90 °C and dried for 1 h, taken out and ground through a 1000-mesh sieve to obtain the antibacterial material; (3) Preparation of opacifying glaze: The first mixture and the antibacterial material were mixed to form a second mixture. According to the ratio of the second mixture, grinding balls, and water of 1:2.5:1.1, the above materials were wet ball-milled in a ball mill tank at a rotation speed of 300 rpm for 85 min. The ball-milled mixture was ultrasonically treated at a power of 900 W for 0.5 h and passed through a 600-mesh sieve to obtain the opacifying glaze.

[0022] Example 4 This example provides a preparation method of a low-temperature antibacterial opacifying glaze, and the specific steps and parameters are as follows: (1) Preparation of glaze: According to 35 wt% of quartz, 18 wt% of zircon sand, 10 wt% of albite, 8 wt% of calcined kaolin, 8 wt% of burnt talc, 8.1 wt% of lepidolite, 6.3 wt% of wollastonite, 3.2 wt% of zinc phosphate, and 3.4 wt% of barium carbonate, the above materials were mixed to form a first mixture; (2) Preparation of antibacterial material: Based on the total weight of the opacifying glaze, according to 1.7 wt% of silver lactate, 2 wt% of yttrium oxide, 1.2 wt% of scandium oxide, and 1.3 wt% of cerium oxide, the above materials and deionized water were mixed at a constant temperature of 80 °C and a rotation speed of 400 rpm for 120 min, then placed in an oven at 70 °C and dried for 2 h, taken out and ground through a 1200-mesh sieve to obtain the antibacterial material; (3) Preparation of opacifying glaze: The first mixture and the antibacterial material were mixed to form a second mixture. According to the ratio of the second mixture, grinding balls, and water of 1:3:1.2, the above materials were wet ball-milled in a ball mill tank at a rotation speed of 200 rpm for 90 min. The ball-milled mixture was ultrasonically treated at a power of 600 W for 2 h and passed through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain the opacifying glaze.

[0023] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a preparation method of a low-temperature antibacterial opacifying glaze. The specific steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1, except that in step (2), the antibacterial material does not contain yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, and cerium oxide.

[0024] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides a method for preparing a low-temperature antibacterial opal glaze. The specific steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1, except that in step (1), the glaze does not contain zinc phosphate and barium carbonate.

[0025] Application Examples 1-3 This application example provides a method for preparing a sanitary ware. The specific steps and parameters are as follows: The low-temperature antibacterial opal glaze was uniformly coated on the surface of the ceramic blank by dip glazing. The glazing thickness was 0.9 mm. After microwave sintering treatment and furnace cooling, the sintering temperature was 1150 °C and the holding time was 0.5 h to obtain the sanitary ware.

[0026] The low-temperature antibacterial opal glazes of Application Examples 1-3 were the low-temperature antibacterial opal glazes prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 respectively.

[0027] Application Example 4 This application example provides a method for preparing a sanitary ware. The specific steps and parameters are as follows: The low-temperature antibacterial opal glaze prepared in Example 2 was uniformly coated on the surface of the ceramic blank by dip glazing. The glazing thickness was 1 mm. After microwave sintering treatment and furnace cooling, the sintering temperature was 1170 °C and the holding time was 0.5 h to obtain the sanitary ware.

[0028] Application Example 5 This application example provides a method for preparing a sanitary ware. The specific steps and parameters are as follows: The low-temperature antibacterial opal glaze prepared in Example 3 was uniformly coated on the surface of the ceramic blank by dip glazing. The glazing thickness was 1.2 mm. After microwave sintering treatment and furnace cooling, the sintering temperature was 1160 °C and the holding time was 1 h to obtain the sanitary ware.

[0029] Application Example 6 This application example provides a method for preparing a sanitary ware. The specific steps and parameters are as follows: The low-temperature antibacterial opal glaze prepared in Example 4 was uniformly coated on the surface of the ceramic blank by dip glazing. The glazing thickness was 1.1 mm. After microwave sintering treatment and furnace cooling, the sintering temperature was 1180 °C and the holding time was 0.5 h to obtain the sanitary ware.

[0030] Experimental Example The antibacterial rates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus of the sanitary wares prepared in Application Examples 1-6 were tested according to the detection method of JC / T 897-2014; the ammonia removal rates of the sanitary wares prepared in Application Examples 1-6 were tested according to the detection method of QB / T 2761-2006, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0031] Table 2 Performance Determination Results of Sanitary Ware

[0032] As can be seen from Table 2, compared with Comparative Example 1 where the antibacterial material does not contain rare earth oxides and Comparative Example 2 where the glaze surface does not contain zinc phosphate and barium carbonate, the sanitary ware formed by dip-coating the opacifying glaze prepared in the examples of the present invention on the ceramic surface not only has a long-term antibacterial effect, with the removal rates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reaching over 95% after one year, but also performs well in the removal and long-term removal of ammonia, with the ammonia removal rate reaching over 95% in 24 hours and over 90% after one year.

[0033] Obviously, the above examples are only for illustration and are not intended to limit the implementation manners. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-temperature antibacterial opal glaze, characterized in that, It includes glaze and antibacterial material. Among them, the glaze includes albite, lepidolite, zinc phosphate, barium carbonate, calcined talc, calcined kaolin and low-aluminum raw materials. The low-aluminum raw materials include quartz, zircon sand and wollastonite. The antibacterial material includes silver lactate and rare earth oxides. The rare earth oxides include yttrium oxide, scandium oxide and cerium oxide. The content of albite in the glaze is 10-17wt%, the content of lepidolite is 4.3-9.6wt%, the content of zinc phosphate is 1.5-4wt%, the content of barium carbonate is 2.8-4wt%, the content of calcined talc is 7-10wt%, the content of quartz is 28-35wt%, the content of zircon sand is 15-20wt%, the content of wollastonite is 4.5-6.3wt% and the content of calcined kaolin is 8-11wt%. The content of silver lactate is 1.3-2.5wt%, the content of yttrium oxide is 1.6-2.3wt%, the content of scandium oxide is 1.2-1.8wt%, and the content of cerium oxide is 0.9-1.8wt%.

2. The preparation method of the low-temperature antibacterial opal glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Mix the raw materials of the antibacterial material according to the ratio to make a powder, and then add the raw materials of the glaze to form a mixture; Step 2: Mix the mixture to obtain a low-temperature antibacterial opal glaze; The specific process of making the powder in Step 1 includes, under the stirring state, mixing the raw materials of the antibacterial material and water respectively, separating the solid and liquid, passing through a first sieve to make a powder. Among them, the stirring speed is 400-600rpm, the stirring time is 60-120min, the stirring temperature is 60-80℃. The solid-liquid separation includes a drying step, the drying temperature is 70-90℃, the drying time is 1-2h, and the mesh number of the first sieve is 1000-1200 meshes; The specific process of Step 2 includes, under the grinding state, mixing and dispersing the mixture, passing through a second sieve to obtain a low-temperature antibacterial opal glaze. The grinding speed is 200-400rpm, the grinding time is 60-90min. The dispersion includes an ultrasonic treatment step. The ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic treatment is 600-900W, the ultrasonic treatment time is 0.5-2h, the mesh number of the second sieve is 400-600 meshes. During the grinding process, grinding balls and water are also included. The mass ratio of the total mass of the opal glaze and the powder to the mass of the grinding balls and water is 1:2-3:0.9-1.

2.

3. A sanitary ware, characterized in that, The glaze surface of the sanitary ware is obtained by dipping the opal glaze and microwave sintering. The opal glaze includes the low-temperature antibacterial opal glaze described in Claim 1. The glazing thickness of the dipped opal glaze is 0.9-1.2mm. The temperature of the microwave sintering is 1150-1180℃, and the holding time is 0.5-1h.

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