Plant drought stress detection system and detection method based on ultrasonic signals

Abstract

The invention discloses a plant drought stress detection system and detection method based on an ultrasonic signal. The plant drought stress detection system based on the ultrasonic signal comprises a control and processing module, an ultrasonic transmission sensing module and a front-end acquisition module, the control and processing module is connected with the ultrasonic transmission sensing module, the ultrasonic transmission sensing module and the front-end acquisition module are oppositely arranged, and the ultrasonic transmission sensing module and the front-end acquisition module are used for being connected to plant stalks respectively. The drought state of the cotton in the whole growth cycle can be comprehensively monitored in real time, the precision and practicability of plant drought stress assessment are improved, limitation and deviation of a traditional method are avoided, and the method is suitable for wide-range application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of plant drought detection, and particularly to a plant drought stress detection system and detection method based on ultrasonic signals. Background Art

[0002] With the development of agricultural refinement and intelligence, higher requirements are put forward for the monitoring and evaluation of cotton drought stress. Traditional cotton drought stress evaluation methods, such as the determination based on physiological indicators, molecular marker-assisted selection, etc., although they can reflect the drought response of cotton to a certain extent, these methods are often limited to specific sampling points or time periods, and it is difficult to comprehensively and real-time monitor the drought status of cotton throughout the growth cycle. In the actual application process, these evaluation methods are affected by various factors such as sampling location, environmental conditions, and cotton variety differences, so that the evaluation results may have certain deviations. Especially for traditional detection techniques such as the leaf method to evaluate the moisture content of cotton, multiple leaves often need to be sampled, which has a greater impact on the subsequent growth of cotton, and at the same time cannot reflect the cotton moisture status in real time. Techniques such as the leaf method, remote sensing technology, biochemical marker analysis, gene expression analysis, etc. have problems such as poor timeliness, great destructiveness, and cumbersome operation.

[0003] Therefore, the existing technology still needs to be improved and developed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to provide a plant drought stress detection system and detection method based on ultrasonic signals, aiming to solve the problem in the existing technology that it is difficult to monitor the entire growth cycle of cotton for drought stress evaluation, resulting in poor evaluation accuracy.

[0005] In the first aspect of the embodiments of this application, a plant drought stress detection system based on ultrasonic signals is provided. The plant drought stress detection system based on ultrasonic signals includes a control and processing module, an ultrasonic transmission and induction module, and a front-end acquisition module; the control and processing module is connected to the ultrasonic transmission and induction module, the ultrasonic transmission and induction module is disposed opposite to the front-end acquisition module, and the ultrasonic transmission and induction module and the front-end acquisition module are respectively used to be connected to the plant stem; the control and processing module is used to control the ultrasonic transmission and induction module to emit ultrasonic information and receive first data, where the first data is the data reflected by the ultrasonic information on the surface of the plant stem; the front-end acquisition module is used to obtain second data and send the second data to the control and processing module, where the second data is the data transmitted by the ultrasonic information through the plant stem; the control and processing module is used to classify the cotton drought stress degree according to the first data and the second data to obtain a classification result.

[0006] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the control and processing module includes a data transmission processing unit and a terminal device. The data transmission processing unit is connected to the terminal device, and the data transmission processing unit is respectively connected to the ultrasonic transmission induction module and the front-end acquisition module. The data transmission processing unit is configured to receive the first data sent by the ultrasonic transmission induction module and the second data sent by the front-end acquisition module, obtain acoustic data according to the first data and the second data, and send the acoustic data to the terminal device. The terminal device is configured to classify the degree of cotton drought stress according to the acoustic data to obtain a classification result.

[0007] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the data transmission processing unit includes a wireless control module, a signal processing module, and a wireless data transmission module. The wireless control module is connected to the ultrasonic transmission induction module, the signal processing module is connected to the front-end acquisition module, and the data transmission processing module is respectively connected to the wireless control module and the signal processing module. The wireless control module is configured to receive the first data sent by the ultrasonic transmission induction module, process the first data, and send the processed first data to the wireless data transmission module. The signal processing module is configured to process the second data and send the processed second data to the wireless data transmission module. The wireless data transmission module is configured to obtain acoustic data according to the processed first data and the processed second data and send it to the terminal device.

[0008] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the wireless control module includes a wireless signal unit and an analog-to-digital conversion unit. The wireless signal unit is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion unit, and the analog-to-digital conversion unit is connected to the ultrasonic transmission induction module. The analog-to-digital conversion unit is configured to convert the first data acquired by the ultrasonic transmission induction module into an ultrasonic digital signal, and the wireless signal unit is configured to send the ultrasonic digital signal to the wireless data transmission module.

[0009] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the front-end acquisition module includes a fixed bracket, a sensor base, and an ultrasonic sensor. The sensor base is arranged on the fixed bracket, the sensor base is used for mounting on the plant stalk, and the ultrasonic sensor is arranged on one side of the sensor base.

[0010] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the ultrasonic transmission and induction module includes: a probe, a waveform generator, a duplexer, and a multiplexer; the probe is disposed on one side of the sensor base, the multiplexer is connected to the duplexer, the duplexer is connected to the waveform generator, the probe is respectively connected to the waveform generator and the duplexer, and the probe and the ultrasonic sensor are respectively disposed opposite to the plant stalk.

[0011] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the ultrasonic transmission and induction module further includes a high-voltage switch and a low-noise amplifier, the probe is connected to the high-voltage switch, the high-voltage switch is respectively connected to the waveform generator and the duplexer, and the low-noise amplifier is connected to the multiplexer.

[0012] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the plant drought stress detection system based on ultrasonic signals further includes a first battery power supply module and a second battery power supply module; the first battery power supply module is connected to the wireless control module and is used to supply power to the wireless control module and the ultrasonic transmission and induction module; the second battery power supply module is connected to the wireless data transmission module and is used to supply power to the wireless data transmission module and the signal processing module.

[0013] In a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is also provided a plant drought stress detection method based on the plant drought stress detection system based on ultrasonic signals in any one of the above solutions. Among them, the plant drought stress detection method includes: the control and processing module controls the ultrasonic transmission and induction module to emit ultrasonic information and receives first data, where the first data is the data reflected by the ultrasonic information on the surface of the plant stalk; the front-end acquisition module obtains second data and sends the second data to the control and processing module, where the second data is the data transmitted through the plant stalk by the ultrasonic information; the control and processing module classifies the cotton drought stress degree according to the first data and the second data to obtain a classification result.

[0014] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the control and processing module classifies the degree of cotton drought stress based on the first data and the second data to obtain a classification result, which specifically includes: the wireless control module receives the first data sent by the ultrasonic transmission and induction module, processes the first data, and sends the processed first data to the wireless data transmission module; the signal processing module processes the second data and sends the processed second data to the wireless data transmission module; the wireless data transmission module obtains acoustic data based on the processed first data and the processed second data and sends it to the terminal device; the terminal device classifies the degree of cotton drought stress based on the acoustic data to obtain a classification result.

[0015] Beneficial effects: The present application provides a plant drought stress detection system and detection method based on ultrasonic signals. In the present application, an ultrasonic signal (ultrasonic information) is emitted by the ultrasonic transmission and induction module, and the signal reflected by the surface of the cotton stem (the first data) is captured. The front-end acquisition module collects the signal transmitted through the cotton stem (the second data) through an ultrasonic sensor. The control and processing module receives the first data and the second data and performs processing and analysis, so as to classify the degree of cotton drought stress, and then can comprehensively and real-time monitor the drought state of cotton during the entire growth cycle, improve the accuracy and practicality of plant drought stress assessment, avoid the limitations and biases of traditional methods, and is suitable for large-scale application. Description of the Drawings

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a preferred embodiment of the plant drought stress detection system based on ultrasonic signals of the present application;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic installation diagram of a sensor base in a preferred embodiment of the plant drought stress detection system based on ultrasonic signals of the present application;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a flowchart of a preferred embodiment of the plant drought stress detection method of the present application;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the specific implementation steps in a preferred embodiment of the plant drought stress detection method of the present application.

[0021] Description of the drawing reference numerals:

[0022] 1. Wireless control module; 2. Ultrasonic transmission and induction module; 3. Front-end acquisition module; 4. Signal processing module; 5. Wireless data transmission module; 6. First battery power supply module; 7. Second battery power supply module;

[0023] 21. Multiplexer; 22. Low-noise amplifier; 23. Duplexer; 24. Waveform generator; 25. High-voltage switch; 26. Ultrasonic pulsed probe; 31. Fixed bracket; 32. Sensor base; 33. Ultrasonic sensor; 321. Cotton leaf; 322. Cotton branch; 323. Plant stem; 324. Flower pot; 41. Preamplification unit; 42. Signal conversion and characteristic parameter extraction unit; 43. Data storage and transmission unit.

[0024] Through the above drawings, specific embodiments of the present application have been shown, and more detailed descriptions will be given hereinafter. These drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept of the present application in any way, but to illustrate the concept of the present application to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] To make the purpose, technical solutions and effects of the present application clearer and more definite, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. The described embodiments are only possible technical implementations of the present application, not all possible implementations. Based on the embodiments of the present application, those skilled in the art can fully combine the embodiments of the present application and obtain other embodiments without creative labor, and these embodiments are also within the protection scope of the present application.

[0026] For ease of understanding, the application scenario of the embodiments of the present application is introduced first: The plant drought stress detection system based on ultrasonic signals of the present application can be applied to different types of plants with lignified stems (thick or thin). The embodiments of the present application take cotton as an example, but are not limited thereto, and can also be applied to plants such as tomatoes or some trees.

[0027] The following describes the ultrasonic signal-based plant drought stress detection system and detection method according to the embodiments of the present application. Aiming at the problem in the related art that it is difficult to monitor the entire growth cycle of cotton in the evaluation of cotton drought stress, resulting in poor evaluation accuracy, the present application provides an ultrasonic signal-based plant drought stress detection system. In this method, an ultrasonic signal (ultrasonic information) is emitted by an ultrasonic transmission and induction module, and the signal reflected from the surface of the cotton stalk (the first data) is captured. The front-end acquisition module acquires the signal transmitted through the cotton stalk (the second data) through an ultrasonic sensor. The control and processing module receives the first data and the second data and performs processing and analysis, so as to classify the degree of cotton drought stress, and further can comprehensively and real-time monitor the drought state of cotton in the entire growth cycle, improve the accuracy and practicability of plant drought stress evaluation, avoid the limitations and biases of traditional methods, and is suitable for large-scale application. Thereby, the technical problem in the related art that it is difficult to monitor the entire growth cycle of cotton in the evaluation of cotton drought stress, resulting in poor evaluation accuracy, is solved.

[0028] The following specifically describes the technical solutions of the present application with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments.

[0029] As Figure 1 shown, the embodiments of the present application provide an ultrasonic signal-based plant drought stress detection system. The ultrasonic signal-based plant drought stress detection system includes a control and processing module, an ultrasonic transmission and induction module 2, and a front-end acquisition module 3. The control and processing module is connected to the ultrasonic transmission and induction module 2. The ultrasonic transmission and induction module 2 and the front-end acquisition module 3 are oppositely arranged. The ultrasonic transmission and induction module 2 and the front-end acquisition module 3 are respectively used to be connected to the plant stalk 323. The control and processing module is used to control the ultrasonic transmission and induction module 2 to emit ultrasonic information, and receive the first data obtained based on the plant stalk 323 from the ultrasonic information, where the first data is the data reflected by the ultrasonic information on the surface of the plant stalk 323. The front-end acquisition module 3 is used to obtain the second data obtained based on the plant stalk 323 from the ultrasonic information, and send the second data to the control and processing module, where the second data is the data transmitted through the plant stalk 323 by the ultrasonic information. The control and processing module is used to classify the degree of cotton drought stress according to the first data and the second data to obtain a classification result.

[0030] This application can solve the problems of poor timeliness, cumbersome operation, and certain destructiveness in the existing detection methods such as biochemical marker method and leaf method for drought stress detection. It can be understood that the detection system of the embodiment of this application is installed in the plant stem 323, and is illustrated by taking the cotton stem as an example.

[0031] In an embodiment of this application, the control and processing module includes a data transmission and processing unit and a terminal device. The data transmission and processing unit is connected to the terminal device, and the data transmission and processing unit is respectively connected to the ultrasonic transmission and induction module 2 and the front-end acquisition module 3. The data transmission and processing unit is used to receive the first data sent by the ultrasonic transmission and induction module 2 and the second data sent by the front-end acquisition module 3, obtain acoustic data according to the first data and the second data, and send the acoustic data to the terminal device. The terminal device is used to classify the degree of cotton drought stress according to the acoustic data to obtain a classification result.

[0032] In the embodiment of this application, the ultrasonic transmission and induction module 2 is used to emit ultrasonic signals (i.e., ultrasonic information) and capture part of the signals reflected from the surface of the cotton stem. The wireless control module 1 is used to control the ultrasonic transmission and induction module 2 to emit ultrasonic signals, and after collecting the reflected signals (i.e., the first data), send ultrasonic digital signals (i.e., the processed first data) to the wireless data transmission module 5. The front-end acquisition module 3 is used to fix the ultrasonic sensor 33 on the cotton stem and collect the signals transmitted through the cotton stem by the ultrasonic transmission and induction module 2 (i.e., the second data). The signal processing module 4 is used to send the digital signals (processed second data) after amplifying and digitizing the acquisition signals of the front-end acquisition module 3 to the wireless data transmission module 5. The wireless data transmission module 5 is used to compare the ultrasonic digital signals obtained by the ultrasonic transmission and induction module 2 and the front-end acquisition module 3 to obtain acoustic data. The wireless data transmission module 5 is used to send the acoustic data to the terminal device, and classify the degree of cotton drought stress through the terminal device, and the present invention realizes the identification and classification of the degree of cotton drought stress.

[0033] It can be understood that the wireless data transmission module 5 compares the two data to obtain acoustic data, and then sends it to the terminal through the wireless control module 1 for analysis. The step of comparing the two data can be carried out in the wireless control module 1 or in the wireless data transmission module 5.

[0034] In an embodiment of the present application, the data transmission and processing unit includes a wireless control module 1, a signal processing module 4, and a wireless data transmission module 5. The wireless control module 1 is connected to the ultrasonic transmission and sensing module 2. The signal processing module 4 is connected to the front-end acquisition module 3. The data transmission and processing module is respectively connected to the wireless control module 1 and the signal processing module 4. The wireless control module 1 is configured to receive the first data sent by the ultrasonic transmission and sensing module 2, process the first data, and send the processed first data to the wireless data transmission module 5. The signal processing module 4 is configured to process the second data and send the processed second data to the wireless data transmission module 5. The wireless data transmission module 5 is configured to obtain acoustic data based on the processed first data and the processed second data and send the acoustic data to the terminal device.

[0035] As Figure 1 shown, the plant drought stress detection system based on ultrasonic signals includes a wireless control module 1, an ultrasonic transmission and sensing module 2, a front-end acquisition module 3, a signal processing module 4, and a wireless data transmission module 5. Among them, the ultrasonic transmission and sensing module 2 is respectively connected to the wireless control module 1 and the cotton stem. The ultrasonic transmission and sensing module 2 is configured to emit ultrasonic signals (ultrasonic information) and capture some of the signals (the first data) reflected from the surface of the cotton stem. The wireless control module 1 is connected to the ultrasonic transmission and sensing module 2. The wireless control module 1 is configured to control the ultrasonic transmission and sensing module 2 to emit ultrasonic signals (ultrasonic information) and convert the ultrasonic signals (the first data) reflected from the surface of the cotton stem into digital signals (ultrasonic data signals, that is, the processed first data) and transmit them to the wireless data transmission module 5. The front-end acquisition module 3 is connected to the cotton stem and is placed opposite to the ultrasonic transmission and sensing module 2. The front-end acquisition module 3 is configured to fix the ultrasonic sensor 33 in the front-end acquisition module 3 to the cotton stem and collect the ultrasonic signals (the second data) transmitted through the cotton stem by the ultrasonic transmission and sensing module 2. The signal processing module 4 is connected to the front-end acquisition module 3. The signal processing module 4 is configured to send the digital signals (ultrasonic digital signals, the processed second data) obtained by amplifying and digitizing the acquisition signals of the front-end acquisition module 3 to the wireless data transmission module 5. The wireless data transmission module 5 is connected to the signal processing module 4. The wireless data transmission module 5 stores the ultrasonic digital signals (that is, the processed first data and the processed second data) obtained by the wireless control module 1 and the signal processing module 4, performs comparative analysis to obtain acoustic data, and sends the acoustic data to the terminal device to classify the degree of cotton drought stress through the terminal device. Among them, the acoustic data includes sound velocity, transmittance, attenuation rate, and waveform deformation amount.

[0036] Specifically, the wireless control module 1 and the ultrasonic transmission and induction module 2 are the transmitting end and the first receiving end of the measurement system, and the front-end acquisition module 3, the signal processing module 4, and the wireless data transmission module 5 are the second receiving end of the measurement system. The wireless control module 1 conducts remote control and data transmission with the terminal device. The terminal device can be a mobile phone or a computer. The wireless control module 1 can communicate with the mobile phone end and the computer end in real time. The user can remotely control the switch of the wireless control module 1 on the mobile phone end or the computer end, monitor the system status of the wireless control module 1, and at the same time send the ultrasonic signals transmitted and received by the ultrasonic transmission and induction module 2 to the mobile phone end, the computer end, and the wireless data transmission module 5 to complete information interaction. The wireless data transmission module 5 interacts with the wireless control module 1 to complete corresponding cooperation operations and information transmission, and uploads the calculated acoustic data results in real time.

[0037] When the detection system of this application is in use, the wireless control module 1 and the ultrasonic transmission and induction module 2 serve as the sound-emitting part of the detection system, providing ultrasonic signals with a certain frequency and intensity for the cotton drought stress detection process. The ultrasonic pulsed probe 26 is placed on one side of the sensor base 32, and the ultrasonic sensor 33 is placed on the other side of the sensor base 32, and is arranged relative to the cotton stalk, with a distance L between them. The inside of the sensor base 32 is filled with an ultrasonic coupling medium, and the surfaces of the ultrasonic pulsed probe 26 and the ultrasonic sensor 33 are in full contact with the ultrasonic coupling medium. The detection mode can be manually started through the mobile phone end or the computer end, or the timing automatic detection can be set. When starting the detection, the wireless control module 1 receives the detection instruction. The wireless control module 1 synchronizes the time with the wireless data transmission module 5 to calibrate the two time sources, and the acoustic wave signal receiver remains in the receiving mode during the time alignment process. Subsequently, the remote mobile phone end and the computer end control the output instruction to the wireless control module 1. According to the preset program, the wireless control module 1 drives the adjustment device to control the ultrasonic transmission and induction module 2 to emit ultrasonic signals. The generated ultrasonic signals pass through the cotton stalk to be measured and are collected by the front-end acquisition module 3 and then transmitted to the signal processing module 4 for amplification and digital processing and then transmitted to the wireless data transmission module 5. At the same time, the wireless control module 1 converts the ultrasonic signals received by the ultrasonic transmission and induction module 2 into digital signals and then transmits them to the wireless data transmission module 5. The wireless data transmission module 5 transmits the sound velocity, attenuation rate, transmittance, and waveform deformation amount obtained after processing the digital signals of the wireless control module 1 and the signal processing module 4 to the computer end and the mobile phone end. After inputting the trained model into the system and completing the calculation, these results will be sent to the user's mobile phone or computer through the mobile data network.

[0038] In an embodiment of the present application, the wireless control module 1 includes a wireless signal unit and an analog-to-digital conversion unit. The wireless signal unit is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion unit, and the analog-to-digital conversion unit is connected to the ultrasonic transmission induction module 2. The analog-to-digital conversion unit is configured to convert the first data acquired by the ultrasonic transmission induction module 2 into an ultrasonic digital signal, and the wireless signal unit is configured to send the ultrasonic digital signal to the wireless data transmission module 5.

[0039] Specifically, the wireless control module 1 includes a wireless signal unit, a parameter setting unit, and an analog-to-digital conversion unit. The analog-to-digital conversion unit is configured to convert the cotton stalk surface reflection signal (i.e., the first data) collected by the ultrasonic transmission induction module 2 into an ultrasonic digital signal (i.e., the processed first data). The wireless signal unit is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion unit and is configured to send the ultrasonic digital signal to the wireless data transmission module 5. The parameter setting unit is configured to set the frequency and sound intensity of the ultrasonic signal emitted by the ultrasonic pulse probe 26.

[0040] Furthermore, by setting the wireless signal unit, an operator can remotely issue commands at the computer end or the mobile end to control the wireless control module 1, control the ultrasonic transmission induction module 2, and emit ultrasonic signals with a certain frequency and sound intensity at regular intervals or with a delay, and monitor the system operation status in real time. The analog-to-digital conversion unit can complete the data acquisition and conversion of the cotton stalk surface reflection signal collected by the ultrasonic transmission induction module 2 to obtain an ultrasonic digital signal, and send the ultrasonic digital signal to the wireless data transmission module 5 through the wireless signal unit. The parameter setting unit can set acoustic parameters such as the frequency and sound intensity of the ultrasonic signal emitted by the ultrasonic transmission induction module 2, and the sound emission characteristics are set by the wireless control module 1.

[0041] In an embodiment of the present application, the ultrasonic transmission induction module 2 includes: a probe, a waveform generator 24, a duplexer 23, and a multiplexer 21. The probe is disposed on one side of the sensor base 32. The multiplexer 21 is connected to the duplexer 23, the duplexer 23 is connected to the waveform generator 24, and the probe is respectively connected to the waveform generator 24 and the duplexer 23.

[0042] In an embodiment of the present application, the ultrasonic transmission induction module 2 further includes a high-voltage switch 25 and a low-noise amplifier 22. The probe is connected to the high-voltage switch 25. The high-voltage switch 25 is respectively connected to the waveform generator 24 and the duplexer 23, and the low-noise amplifier 22 is connected to the multiplexer 21.

[0043] Specifically, as Figure 1As shown in the figure, the ultrasonic transmission induction module 2 includes an ultrasonic pulsed probe 26, a high-voltage switch 25, a waveform generator 24, a duplexer 23, a low-noise amplifier 22, and a multiplexer 21; the ultrasonic pulsed probe 26 is connected to the high-voltage switch 25, the high-voltage switch 25 is respectively connected to the waveform generator 24 and the duplexer 23, the waveform generator 24 is connected to the duplexer 23, the duplexer 23 is connected to the multiplexer 21, and the multiplexer 21 is connected to the low-noise amplifier 22. The ultrasonic pulsed probe 26 is used to receive the transmitted signal from the duplexer 23, convert it into an ultrasonic pulse and transmit it, and at the same time, the ultrasonic pulsed probe 26 also acts as a receiver to capture the ultrasonic signal reflected from the surface of the cotton stalk and transmit it to the duplexer 23 for separation; the high-voltage switch 25 is used to amplify the signal generated by the waveform generator 24 to a sufficient voltage level to drive the ultrasonic pulsed probe 26; the waveform generator 24 is used to generate an electrical signal with a specific frequency and intensity to control the ultrasonic probe to transmit ultrasonic pulses; the duplexer 23 is used to transmit the transmitted signal to the probe and at the same time receive the reflected signal and separate it from the transmitted signal; the multiplexer 21 is used to transmit the transmitted signal separated by the duplexer 23 to the ultrasonic pulsed probe 26 and transmit the received signal back to the receiver circuit; the low-noise amplifier 22 is used to enhance the weak reflected signal received from the ultrasonic pulsed probe 26 and filter out unnecessary frequency components at the same time.

[0044] Furthermore, for the construction of the signal transmission circuit, the wireless control module 1 sends a corresponding transmitted electrical signal to the multiplexer 21 according to the operation terminal instruction. The multiplexer 21 constructs a signal transmission circuit according to the transmitted electrical signal and sends the electrical signal to the duplexer 23 to allow the transmitted signal to enter the transmission path. The signal is sent to the waveform generator 24, and the waveform generator 24 generates an electrical pulse signal with the required frequency and sound intensity according to the transmitted electrical signal. The ultrasonic pulsed probe 26 uses the piezoelectric effect to convert the electrical pulse signal into an ultrasonic signal for transmission, thus realizing the active transmission of ultrasonic signals; among them, the sound frequency bandwidth of the ultrasonic pulsed probe 26 should be in the range of 50 kHz to 100 kHz. During use, for cotton under different drought stress degrees, the ultrasonic pulsed probe 26 is controlled to emit ultrasonic signals with different frequencies.

[0045] Signal receiving circuit construction: When the signal emitted from the surface of the cotton stalk is received by the ultrasonic pulsed probe 26, the ultrasonic pulsed probe 26 converts the ultrasonic signal into an electrical signal and sends the electrical signal to the high-voltage switch 25. After receiving the electrical signal, the high-voltage switch 25 disconnects the signal transmitting circuit and sends the electrical signal to the duplexer 23. The duplexer 23 separates the received electrical signal and sends it to the low-noise amplifier 22. After amplification and noise reduction processing, it is sent to the multiplexer 21 to construct a signal receiving circuit, and the electrical signal processed by the low-noise amplifier 22 is sent to the wireless control module 1 for further processing to achieve the reception of the cotton stalk reflection signal.

[0046] In an embodiment of the present application, the front-end acquisition module 3 includes a fixed bracket 31, a sensor base 32, and an ultrasonic sensor 33. The sensor base 32 is arranged on the fixed bracket 31. The sensor base 32 is used to be installed on the plant stalk 323. The ultrasonic sensor 33 is arranged on one side of the sensor base 32, and the probe and the ultrasonic sensor 33 are respectively arranged opposite to the plant stalk 323.

[0047] Specifically, as Figure 1 shown, the fixed bracket 31 is used to fix the sensor base 32 to a designated position on the cotton stalk. The ultrasonic sensor 33 is used to receive the ultrasonic signal emitted by the ultrasonic pulsed probe 26 and transmitted through the cotton stalk, and convert it into an electrical signal and transmit it to the signal processing module 4. The sensor base 32 is used to place the ultrasonic pulsed probe 26 and the ultrasonic sensor 33. It has a cylindrical open cavity structure, distributed horizontally and vertically. The horizontal opening diameter is slightly larger than the measurement surface diameter of the ultrasonic pulsed probe 26 and the ultrasonic sensor 33, and the vertical opening diameter is equal to the diameter of the cotton stalk to be measured. The sensor base 32 can be detachably divided into two parts. The structural dimensions of the sensor base 32 can be customized according to different sizes of cotton stalks to be measured and different diameters of the ultrasonic sensors 33. During use, the two fixed parts are installed on the cotton stalk to be measured, and the ultrasonic pulsed probe 26 and the ultrasonic sensor 33 are respectively placed horizontally opposite to each other, and the inside is filled with an ultrasonic coupling medium. It can be understood that the size of the cylindrical opening is related to the diameters of the ultrasonic pulsed probe 26 and the ultrasonic sensor 33, the internal depth of the cylindrical opening is related to the lengths of the ultrasonic pulsed probe 26 and the ultrasonic sensor 33, and the cavity structure is filled with a coupling medium.

[0048] In use, the fixing bracket 31 clamps the sensor base 32. The jaws of the fixing bracket 31 can move horizontally to adapt to the size of the sensor base 32, and move vertically to detect different positions of the cotton stalk. Except for the ultrasonic pulse probe and the ultrasonic sensor 33 which need to be placed inside the sensor base 32, the other modules do not need to be placed suspended. The receiving frequency bandwidth of the ultrasonic sensor 33 should be between 20 kHz and 140 kHz to match the frequency band of the ultrasonic pulse probe 26 for sound emission.

[0049] As Figure 2 shown, the fixing bracket 31 of the front-end acquisition module 3, the sensor base 32 are arranged opposite to the connections with the cotton leaf 321, the cotton branch 322, the cotton stalk and the flowerpot 324. The sensor base 32 can be detachably assembled into two parts and installed on the cotton stalk during use. When installing the sensor base 32, it should avoid the cotton leaf 321, the cotton branch 322, the cotton stalk and the flowerpot 324.

[0050] In an embodiment of the present application, the signal processing module 4 includes a preamplification unit 41, a signal conversion and feature parameter extraction unit 42, and a data storage and transmission unit 43; the preamplification unit 41 is connected to the signal conversion and feature parameter extraction unit, and is used to filter out low-frequency noise, enhance the electrical signal transmitted by the ultrasonic sensor 33, and after improving the signal-to-noise ratio, transmit it to the data acquisition card; the signal conversion and feature parameter extraction unit 42 is connected to the data storage and transmission unit 43, and is used to convert the electrical signal processed by the preamplification unit 41 into a digital signal, and perform phase, signal start point, and amplitude feature extraction and preservation on the digital signal, and transmit it to the data storage and transmission unit 43; the data storage and transmission unit 43 is used to store the digital signal feature parameters and output them to the wireless data communication module.

[0051] Specifically, the preamplification unit 41 performs signal filtering and amplification processing on the electrical signal collected by the ultrasonic sensor 33 in the front-end acquisition module 3. The signal conversion and feature parameter extraction unit 42 performs digital processing on the electrical signal processed by the preamplification unit 41 and extracts feature parameters from the digitized signal. The data storage and input unit stores the feature parameters to obtain acoustic data and sends it to the wireless data transmission module 5.

[0052] In an embodiment of the present application, the wireless data transmission module 5 includes an input / output unit, an encoder, a decoder, and a wireless signal transmission unit. The wireless data transmission module 5 can conduct information exchange, obtain the data of the wireless control module 1 and the signal processing module 4, complete the corresponding cooperation operations and information transmission, and upload the acoustic data information in real time.

[0053] In an embodiment of the present application, the plant drought stress detection system based on ultrasonic signals further includes a first battery power supply module 6 and a second battery power supply module 7; the first battery power supply module 6 is connected to the wireless control module 1 and is used to supply power to the wireless control module 1 and the ultrasonic transmission and sensing module 2; the second battery power supply module 7 is connected to the wireless data transmission module 5 and is used to supply power to the wireless data transmission module 5 and the signal processing module 4.

[0054] Specifically, as Figure 1 shown, the first battery power supply module 6 converts chemical energy into electrical energy during use to supply power to the wireless control module 1 and the ultrasonic transmission and sensing module 2; the second battery power supply module 7 converts chemical energy into electrical energy during use to supply power to the wireless data transmission module 5, the signal processing module 4, and the ultrasonic sensor 33.

[0055] Based on the above embodiment, the present application further provides a method for detecting plant drought stress based on ultrasonic signals, as Figure 3 shown, the method for detecting plant drought stress based on ultrasonic signals includes the following steps:

[0056] In step S101, the control and processing module controls the ultrasonic transmission and sensing module to emit ultrasonic information and receives first data, where the first data is the data reflected by the ultrasonic information on the surface of the plant stem.

[0057] In step S102, the front-end acquisition module acquires second data and sends the second data to the control and processing module, where the second data is the data transmitted by the ultrasonic information through the plant stem.

[0058] In step S103, the control and processing module classifies the cotton drought stress degree according to the first data and the second data to obtain a classification result.

[0059] In a possible implementation manner, the wireless control module receives the first data sent by the ultrasonic transmission and sensing module, processes the first data, and sends the processed first data to the wireless data transmission module; the signal processing module processes the second data and sends the processed second data to the wireless data transmission module; the wireless data transmission module obtains acoustic data according to the processed first data and the processed second data and sends the acoustic data to the terminal device; the terminal device classifies the cotton drought stress degree according to the acoustic data to obtain a classification result.

[0060] It can be understood that the wireless data transmission module receives the digitized reflected signal data from the wireless control module. At the same time, the wireless data transmission module also receives the transmitted signal data that has been amplified, filtered, analog-to-digital converted, and feature-extracted from the signal processing module. The wireless data transmission module performs a comparative analysis on the two sets of received data to identify the changes in the acoustic signal caused by the change in the internal moisture state of the cotton stalks. These changes may reflect the degree of drought stress of the cotton. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, the wireless data transmission module extracts key acoustic data, such as sound velocity, attenuation rate, transmittance, and waveform deformation amount. The wireless data transmission module sends the extracted acoustic data to a terminal device, such as a mobile phone or a computer. On the terminal device, the received acoustic data is analyzed and classified using a pre-trained classification model. The classification model is constructed based on machine learning or statistical methods and can identify the acoustic feature patterns under different degrees of drought stress. Finally, the terminal device classifies the degree of drought stress of the cotton according to the results of the classification model, such as light drought, moderate drought, severe drought, etc.

[0061] Specifically, in the step of processing the second data by the signal processing module, a pre-amplification unit is used to amplify the signal and filter out low-frequency noise at the same time. The purpose is to enhance the weak electrical signal received from the ultrasonic sensor and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. An analog-to-digital converter is used to convert the analog signal into a digital signal, and the digital signal is analyzed to extract characteristic parameters, such as phase, signal starting point, amplitude, etc. The purpose is to convert the amplified analog signal into a digital signal and extract key characteristic parameters. The characteristic parameters are stored in the data storage unit, and then these data are sent to the wireless data transmission module for further processing or transmitted to the terminal device as needed. The purpose is to store the extracted characteristic parameters and transmit them to the wireless data transmission module. The sound velocity is calculated using the ultrasonic transmission time and propagation distance, the attenuation rate is calculated by comparing the amplitude changes of the transmitted and received signals, the transmittance is calculated based on the acoustic impedance and signal amplitude, the waveform changes are analyzed to quantify the degree of signal deformation, and the acoustic parameters, such as sound velocity, attenuation rate, transmittance, and waveform deformation amount, are calculated based on the extracted characteristic parameters.

[0062] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, the steps for the signal processing module to process the data based on the received acoustic signal: First, in the acoustic wave time-domain graph information of the wireless control module, the adjacent maximum point coordinates A max (t a1 ,v a1 ) and the minimum point coordinates A min (t i1 ,v i1 ); Then, in the acoustic wave time-domain graph information after the acoustic wave transmits through the cotton stalk and is processed by the signal processing module, the adjacent maximum point coordinates B max (t a2 ,va2 ) and the coordinates of the minimum point - min (t i2 , v i2 ), the starting point of the signal (t1, 0), based on the measured data above and the distance L between the ultrasonic pulse probe of the ultrasonic transmission induction module and the ultrasonic sensor of the front-end acquisition module, the density ρ of cotton stalks detected by the instrument in advance, and the acoustic impedance Z1 of the ultrasonic coupling medium, the acoustic impedance Z2, sound velocity v, attenuation rate λ, transmittance T, and waveform deformation amount μ of cotton stalks can be calculated. The formulas are as follows:

[0063] v = L / t1;

[0064] Z2 = ρV;

[0065] λ = ln(V a2 / V i2 ) / |t a2 - t i2 |;

[0066] T = 4Z1Z2 / (Z1 + Z2) 2 ;

[0067] μ = (v a1 - v i1 ) / |t a1 - t i1 | - (v a2 - v i2 ) / |t a2 - t i2 |;

[0068] The remote data communication module transmits key data to the computer and mobile phone, and calculates the soil moisture content based on the trained model, completing the calculation of the soil moisture content result on a spatial scale of a certain distance.

[0069] Among them, the construction process of the classification model is as follows: Data collection is carried out according to Sea Island cotton and Pima cotton under the standard; data collection of soil relative humidity is carried out according to the standard; a test bench is constructed to record the measured (v1, v2... vn), (λ1, λ2... λn), (T1, T2... Tn), (μ1, μ2... μn) corresponding to two types of long-staple cotton under different soil relative humidities (Rsm 1, Rsm 2... Rsm n) and leaf water contents (L1, L2... Ln). According to the soil relative humidity and leaf water content, the degree of cotton drought stress is divided into light drought, moderate drought, and severe drought. To ensure the rationality of the data set, n is taken to be much larger than 100 * 12 * 2. A data set of four characteristic quantities, namely attenuation rate λ, sound velocity v, transmittance T, and waveform deformation amount μ, and soil relative humidity Rsm and leaf water content L is constructed, and the training set and validation set are separated. Multiple classification models are used for training, and the optimal classification model is selected as the final model according to the prediction effect of the classification model.

[0070] This application emits ultrasonic signals with a certain frequency and intensity through an ultrasonic transmission induction module, and at the same time captures the ultrasonic signals reflected by the surface of cotton stalks, amplifies and filters them, and then transmits them to a wireless control module. After digital processing, they are transmitted to a wireless data transmission module. The ultrasonic signals transmitted through the cotton stalks are collected by the front-end acquisition module, and the signal processing module amplifies and digitally processes the ultrasonic signals and then transmits them to the wireless data transmission module for subsequent processing. According to the sound velocity, transmittance, attenuation rate, and waveform deformation of the acoustic signals of cotton under different states of relative soil humidity and leaf water content, a classification model is used for learning and training. Then, based on the trained classification model of the drought stress degree of different cotton varieties, the evaluation and detection of the cotton water state are realized, the purpose of classifying the drought stress degree of cotton is achieved, not only the detection accuracy is high, but also the evaluation ability of the actual cotton water state is improved, and it is practical and safe, avoiding the problem of unreasonable measurement methods, and is suitable for large-scale application.

[0071] As Figure 4 shown, the following takes specific embodiments to further illustrate the detection method of this application:

[0072] K100. The wireless control module controls the ultrasonic pulse probe to emit ultrasonic signals (ultrasonic information) with a certain frequency and sound intensity according to the instructions of the terminal device;

[0073] K200. The wireless control module receives the reflected signal (the first data) captured by the ultrasonic transmission induction module, and converts it into a digital signal (the processed first data) and sends it to the wireless data transmission module;

[0074] K300. The front-end acquisition module collects the ultrasonic signals (the second data) transmitted through the cotton stalks.

[0075] K400. The signal processing module transmits the signals collected by the front-end acquisition module to the wireless data transmission module after amplification filtering, analog-to-digital conversion, and feature extraction (obtaining the processed second data).

[0076] K500. The wireless data transmission module receives the acoustic data from the wireless control module and the signal processing module, obtains the acoustic data after comparison, and sends it to the terminal device, and classifies the drought stress degree of cotton through the terminal device.

[0077] In the description of the present application, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, terms such as "installed", "connected", "connected to", "fixed", etc. shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows mutual communication; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0078] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0079] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0080] It should be noted that in the present application, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature can be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "underneath" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0081] In the description of the specification, claims and the above-mentioned drawings of the present application, terms such as "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) are used to distinguish similar objects and do not necessarily describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the present application described herein, for example, can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units does not necessarily limit to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0082] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "schematic embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0083] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily target the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or N embodiments or examples. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0084] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "N" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0085] Any process or method description represented in a flowchart or otherwise described herein can be understood to represent a module, segment, or portion of code including one or more executable instructions for implementing a customized logical function or process. The scope of the preferred embodiments of the present application includes additional implementations, where functions may be executed in a substantially simultaneous manner or in a reverse order according to the functions involved, rather than in the order shown or discussed, which should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present application pertain.

[0086] The logic and / or steps represented in a flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing a logical function, and can be specifically implemented in any computer-readable storage medium for use by an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other systems that can fetch and execute instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device), or in conjunction with these instruction execution systems, apparatuses, or devices. For the purposes of this specification, a "computer-readable storage medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable storage media include the following: an electrical connection portion with one or more wirings (electronic device), a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Additionally, a computer-readable storage medium can even be paper or other suitable media on which the program can be printed, because the program can be obtained electronically by optically scanning the paper or other media, followed by editing, interpretation, or otherwise processing as appropriate, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0087] It should be understood that various parts of the present application can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the N steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or a combination of the following techniques well known in the art can be used: discrete logic circuits having logic gate circuits for implementing logical functions on data signals, application specific integrated circuits having appropriate combinational logic gate circuits, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0088] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the steps carried out in the methods of the above embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a program. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.

[0089] In addition, in each of the embodiments of the present application, the functional units can be integrated into one processing module, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one module. The above integrated module can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional module. When the above integrated module is implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0090] The above-mentioned storage medium can be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disc, etc. Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present application. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.

[0091] It should be understood that the application of the present application is not limited to the above examples. For those of ordinary skill in the art, improvements or transformations can be made according to the above description. All such improvements and transformations should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present application.

[0092] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not intended to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features. These modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A plant drought stress detection system based on ultrasonic signals, characterized in that, The plant drought stress detection system based on ultrasonic signals includes a control and processing module, an ultrasonic transmission and sensing module, and a front-end acquisition module; The control and processing module is connected to the ultrasonic transmission and sensing module. The ultrasonic transmission and sensing module is disposed opposite to the front-end acquisition module. The ultrasonic transmission and sensing module and the front-end acquisition module are respectively used to be connected to the plant stem; The control and processing module is used to control the ultrasonic transmission and sensing module to emit ultrasonic information and receive first data, where the first data is the data reflected by the ultrasonic information on the surface of the plant stem; The front-end acquisition module is used to obtain second data and send the second data to the control and processing module, where the second data is the data of the ultrasonic information transmitted through the plant stem; The control and processing module is used to classify the cotton drought stress degree according to the first data and the second data to obtain a classification result.

2. The plant drought stress detection system based on ultrasonic signals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control and processing module includes a data transmission and processing unit and a terminal device. The data transmission and processing unit is connected to the terminal device. The data transmission and processing unit is respectively connected to the ultrasonic transmission and sensing module and the front-end acquisition module; The data transmission and processing unit is used to receive the first data sent by the ultrasonic transmission and sensing module and the second data sent by the front-end acquisition module, obtain acoustic data according to the first data and the second data, and send the acoustic data to the terminal device. The terminal device is used to classify the cotton drought stress degree according to the acoustic data to obtain a classification result.

3. The plant drought stress detection system based on ultrasonic signals according to claim 2, characterized in that The data transmission and processing unit includes a wireless control module, a signal processing module, and a wireless data transmission module. The wireless control module is connected to the ultrasonic transmission and sensing module. The signal processing module is connected to the front-end acquisition module. The data transmission module is respectively connected to the wireless control module and the signal processing module; The wireless control module is used to receive the first data sent by the ultrasonic transmission and sensing module, process the first data, and send the processed first data to the wireless data transmission module; the signal processing module is used to process the second data and send the processed second data to the wireless data transmission module; the wireless data transmission module is used to obtain acoustic data according to the processed first data and the processed second data and send it to the terminal device.

4. The plant drought stress detection system based on ultrasonic signals according to claim 3, characterized in that, The wireless control module includes a wireless signal unit and an analog-to-digital conversion unit. The wireless signal unit is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion unit. The analog-to-digital conversion unit is connected to the ultrasonic transmission and sensing module; The analog-to-digital conversion unit is used to convert the first data obtained by the ultrasonic transmission and sensing module into an ultrasonic digital signal. The wireless signal unit is used to send the ultrasonic digital signal to the wireless data transmission module.

5. The plant drought stress detection system based on ultrasonic signals according to claim 3, characterized in that, The front-end acquisition module includes a fixed bracket, a sensor base, and an ultrasonic sensor. The sensor base is arranged on the fixed bracket. The sensor base is used to be mounted on the plant stalk, and the ultrasonic sensor is arranged on one side of the sensor base.

6. The plant drought stress detection system based on ultrasonic signals according to claim 5, wherein, The ultrasonic transmission and induction module includes: a probe, a waveform generator, a duplexer, and a multiplexer; the probe is arranged on one side of the sensor base, the multiplexer is connected to the duplexer, the duplexer is connected to the waveform generator, the probe is respectively connected to the waveform generator and the duplexer, and the probe and the ultrasonic sensor are respectively arranged opposite to the plant stalk.

7. The plant drought stress detection system based on ultrasonic signals according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ultrasonic transmission and induction module further includes a high-voltage switch and a low-noise amplifier. The probe is connected to the high-voltage switch, the high-voltage switch is respectively connected to the waveform generator and the duplexer, and the low-noise amplifier is connected to the multiplexer.

8. The plant drought stress detection system based on ultrasonic signals according to claim 3, wherein The plant drought stress detection system based on ultrasonic signals further includes a first battery power supply module and a second battery power supply module; The first battery power supply module is connected to the wireless control module and is used to supply power to the wireless control module and the ultrasonic transmission and induction module; The second battery power supply module is connected to the wireless data transmission module and is used to supply power to the wireless data transmission module and the signal processing module.

9. A method for detecting plant drought stress of the plant drought stress detection system based on ultrasonic signals according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The plant drought stress detection method includes: The control and processing module controls the ultrasonic transmission and induction module to emit ultrasonic information and receives first data, where the first data is the data reflected by the ultrasonic information on the surface of the plant stalk; The front-end acquisition module obtains second data and sends the second data to the control and processing module, where the second data is the data transmitted through the plant stalk by the ultrasonic information; The control and processing module classifies the cotton drought stress degree according to the first data and the second data to obtain a classification result.

10. The method for detecting plant drought stress according to claim 9, wherein The control and processing module classifies the cotton drought stress degree according to the first data and the second data to obtain a classification result, specifically including: The wireless control module receives the first data sent by the ultrasonic transmission and induction module, processes the first data, and sends the processed first data to the wireless data transmission module; The signal processing module processes the second data and sends the processed second data to the wireless data transmission module; The wireless data transmission module obtains acoustic data according to the processed first data and the processed second data and sends it to the terminal device; The terminal device classifies the cotton drought stress degree according to the acoustic data to obtain a classification result.

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