Low-smoke low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated wire and preparation method thereof
By combining modified zeolite smoke inhibitor and flame retardant, the smoke problem and flame retardant properties of polyvinyl chloride wires are solved during combustion, and low-smoke, low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated wires are prepared, achieving efficient flame retardant and low smoke generation effects.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510440343.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-11
AI Technical Summary
Existing polyvinyl chloride wires produce a large amount of harmful smoke when burning, and lack flame retardant performance, and low-smoke, halogen-free wires are costly.
The modified zeolite smoke inhibitor is combined with the flame retardant, and the adsorption capacity is enhanced by the roasting treatment of the modified zeolite, and combined with lime powder to form good dehalogenation performance to prepare low-smoke, low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated wire.
It realizes the reduction of smoke volume under high flame retardant properties, while maintaining good mechanical properties, and reducing the occurrence of secondary fire disasters.
Smart Images
Figure CN120299804A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electric wires, and particularly to a low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated electric wire and a preparation method thereof. Background Art
[0002] Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has been widely used in the electronics and electrical industries. However, during processing and use, a large amount of plasticizer usually needs to be added, which significantly increases the flammability of PVC electric wires. When the electric wire burns, a large amount of harmful smoke such as HCl, benzene, and aromatic compounds will be generated. During a fire, this smoke will not only corrode the surrounding instruments and equipment, but also greatly reduce the visibility at the fire scene, making it difficult for trapped people to identify the fire escape routes and evacuation signs, thus increasing the difficulty of rescue and escaping from the fire scene. In addition, the material cost of low-smoke and halogen-free electric wires is much higher than that of PVC insulated electric wires. Therefore, developing low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride electric wires has important practical significance.
[0003] Therefore, the present invention is specifically proposed to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated electric wire and a preparation method thereof. In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated electric wire, comprising a conductor, an inner insulating layer, and an outer insulating layer. The inner insulating layer and the outer insulating layer are sequentially wrapped on the surface of the conductor. The inner insulating layer is located between the conductor and the outer insulating layer. The outer insulating layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85-90 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 6-12 parts of a flame retardant, 5-10 parts of a modified zeolite smoke suppressant, 2-5 parts of a plasticizer, 1-3 parts of a coupling agent, 2-4 parts of a lubricant, 1-3 parts of an antioxidant, and 0.1-0.5 parts of a dispersant.
[0005] Preferably, the modified zeolite smoke suppressant is prepared by the following steps: Adding a certain amount of zeolite to hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 0.05-0.25 mol / L at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5-20 (g:mL), stirring at a constant temperature of 20-60 °C for 10-30 min, filtering, washing repeatedly with distilled water until neutral, and finally drying to obtain substance A; Mixing the obtained substance A with lime powder evenly, putting it into a muffle furnace for roasting, the roasting temperature is 400-600 °C, cooling to room temperature at a rate of 5 °C / min, placing the obtained substance in a grinder and grinding at a rotation speed of 800 r / min, and passing through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the modified zeolite smoke suppressant.
[0006] Preferably, the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.15 mol / L, the temperature is 40 °C, the stirring time is 25 min, and the solid-liquid ratio is 1:15 (g:mL).
[0007] Preferably, the mass ratio of substance A to lime powder is 3.5 - 5:1.5.
[0008] Preferably, the inner insulating layer is irradiated cross-linked polyethylene Preferably, the flame retardant is one or both of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide.
[0009] Preferably, the plasticizer is one or several of tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphite, diisooctyl phthalate, di-n-octyl adipate, and dioctyl sebacate.
[0010] Preferably, the coupling agent is any one of silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent, aluminate coupling agent, and azidosilane coupling agent.
[0011] Preferably, the lubricant is one or several of zinc stearate, calcium stearate, oleic acid amide, and erucic acid amide.
[0012] Preferably, the antioxidant is one or several of antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 1098, antioxidant 245, antioxidant 168, antioxidant 1076, and antioxidant DLTP.
[0013] Preferably, the dispersant is any one of polyethylene wax, stearic acid and its salts, oxidized polyethylene, stearyl alcohol, palmityl alcohol, and ester wax.
[0014] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a preparation method for low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulation, comprising the following steps: Mix the components of the outer insulating layer material evenly and extrude through a screw extruder to obtain outer insulating layer particles; Install a head and a die on the wire extruder, check the control program of the wire extruder, and adjust the temperature control of each section of the main machine and auxiliary machine; Feed the conductor preheated to 50 - 70 °C into the wire extruder by a wire feeding device, add the inner insulating layer material to the main machine, add the outer insulating layer particles to the auxiliary machine, and simultaneously extrude the inner insulating layer and the outer insulating layer by the main machine and the auxiliary machine; Pull the extruded double-insulated wire into a water tank for cooling and forming to form a double-insulated structure with a certain thickness.
[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention provides a low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated wire, wherein the zeolite is a general term for hydrous aluminum silicate crystals naturally existing in nature. Since the zeolite has a spatial grid structure with relatively large cavities and pores in the structure, the surface area is large and the number of adsorption sites is large, so that the zeolite has excellent adsorption properties. Since the hydrochloric acid solution will etch the surface of the zeolite, the structure will be more open and the surface area will be larger, thereby further enhancing its adsorption capacity for harmful smoke.
[0016] The calcination of zeolite can not only remove impurities in the pores and cavities of zeolite, thereby improving the patency and specific surface area of the pores, but also allow some lime to enter the pores or cavities of zeolite and form a good combination with zeolite. Zeolite uses its strong adsorption capacity to absorb a large amount of acidic flue gas, while lime uses its good dehalogenation performance to react with harmful smoke on the surface or in the pores of zeolite, thereby achieving the purpose of efficient dehalogenation.
[0017] By adding modified zeolite smoke suppressant, it works synergistically with flame retardants to achieve the dual effects of flame retardancy and smoke suppression. At the same time, the modified zeolite smoke suppressant replaces halogen-containing compounds to reduce the occurrence of secondary fire disasters, solving the problem of insufficient flame retardancy and smoke suppression performance of existing wires. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
[0019] In the figure: 1. conductor, 2. inner insulating layer, 3. outer insulating layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0021] Example 1 A low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated wire comprises a conductor, an inner insulating layer and an outer insulating layer, wherein the inner insulating layer and the outer insulating layer are sequentially wrapped around the surface of the conductor, and the inner insulating layer is located between the conductor and the outer insulating layer.
[0022] The outer insulating layer includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 6 parts of flame retardant, 5 parts of modified zeolite smoke suppressant, 2 parts of plasticizer, 1 part of coupling agent, 2 parts of lubricant, 1 part of antioxidant, and 0.1 part of dispersant.
[0023] The modified zeolite smoke suppressant is prepared by the following steps: A certain amount of zeolite was added to hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 0.05 mol / L at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5 (g:mL), and stirred at a constant temperature of 20 °C for 10 min, then filtered, washed repeatedly with distilled water until neutral, and finally dried to obtain Substance A. The obtained Substance A was mixed evenly with lime powder at a weight ratio of 3.5:1.5, put into a muffle furnace for roasting, the roasting temperature was 400 °C, cooled to room temperature at a rate of 5 °C / min, and the obtained substance was ground in a grinder at a rotation speed of 800 r / min, and passed through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the modified zeolite smoke suppressant.
[0024] The inner insulating layer is irradiated cross-linked polyethylene, the flame retardant is aluminum hydroxide. The plasticizer is tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphite, the coupling agent is silane coupling agent, the lubricant is zinc stearate, the antioxidant is antioxidant 1010, and the dispersant is polyethylene wax.
[0025] Example 2 A low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated wire includes a conductor, an inner insulating layer and an outer insulating layer. The inner insulating layer and the outer insulating layer are sequentially wrapped on the surface of the conductor, and the inner insulating layer is located between the conductor and the outer insulating layer.
[0026] The outer insulating layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 12 parts of flame retardant, 10 parts of modified zeolite smoke suppressant, 5 parts of plasticizer, 3 parts of coupling agent, 4 parts of lubricant, 3 parts of antioxidant, 0.5 part of dispersant.
[0027] The modified zeolite smoke suppressant is prepared by the following steps: A certain amount of zeolite was added to hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 0.25 mol / L at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20 (g:mL), and stirred at a constant temperature of 60 °C for 30 min, then filtered, washed repeatedly with distilled water until neutral, and finally dried to obtain Substance A.
[0028] The obtained Substance A was mixed evenly with lime powder at a weight ratio of 5:1.5, put into a muffle furnace for roasting, the roasting temperature was 600 °C, cooled to room temperature at a rate of 5 °C / min, and the obtained substance was ground in a grinder at a rotation speed of 800 r / min, and passed through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the modified zeolite smoke suppressant.
[0029] The inner insulating layer is irradiated cross-linked polyethylene, the flame retardant is magnesium hydroxide, the plasticizer is bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, the coupling agent is aluminate coupling agent, the lubricant is oleic acid amide, the antioxidant is antioxidant DLTP, and the dispersant is oxidized polyethylene.
[0030] Example 3 A low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated wire, comprising a conductor, an inner insulating layer and an outer insulating layer, wherein the inner insulating layer and the outer insulating layer are sequentially wrapped on the surface of the conductor, and the inner insulating layer is located between the conductor and the outer insulating layer.
[0031] The outer insulating layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 87 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 9 parts of flame retardant, 7 parts of modified zeolite smoke suppressant, 3 parts of plasticizer, 2 parts of coupling agent, 3 parts of lubricant, 2 parts of antioxidant, and 0.3 part of dispersant.
[0032] The modified zeolite smoke suppressant is prepared by the following steps: Adding a certain amount of zeolite to hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 0.15 mol / L at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:13 (g:mL), stirring at a constant temperature of 35 °C for 20 min, filtering, repeatedly washing with distilled water until neutral, and finally drying to obtain substance A; Mixing the obtained substance A with lime powder in a weight ratio of 4:1.5, putting it into a muffle furnace for roasting, the roasting temperature is 500 °C, cooling to room temperature at a rate of 5 °C / min, placing the obtained substance in a grinder and grinding at a rotation speed of 800 r / min, and passing through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the modified zeolite smoke suppressant.
[0033] The inner insulating layer is irradiated cross-linked polyethylene, the flame retardant is a combination of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide in a mass ratio of 1:1, the plasticizer is a combination of tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphite, diisooctyl phthalate, di-n-octyl adipate, and dioctyl sebacate in a mass ratio of 2:1:1:1, the coupling agent is a titanate coupling agent, the lubricant is a combination of zinc stearate and calcium stearate in a mass ratio of 3:1, the antioxidant is a combination of antioxidant 1098 and antioxidant 245 in a mass ratio of 1:2, and the dispersant is stearyl alcohol.
[0034] Example 4 A low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated wire, comprising a conductor, an inner insulating layer and an outer insulating layer, wherein the inner insulating layer and the outer insulating layer are sequentially wrapped on the surface of the conductor, and the inner insulating layer is located between the conductor and the outer insulating layer.
[0035] The outer insulating layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 87 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 9 parts of flame retardant, 7 parts of modified zeolite smoke suppressant, 3 parts of plasticizer, 2 parts of coupling agent, 3 parts of lubricant, 2 parts of antioxidant, and 0.3 part of dispersant.
[0036] The modified zeolite smoke suppressant is prepared by the following steps: Adding a certain amount of zeolite to hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 0.15 mol / L at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 (g:mL), stirring at a constant temperature of 40 °C for 25 min, filtering, repeatedly washing with distilled water until neutral, and finally drying to obtain substance A.
[0037] Mix the obtained Substance A with lime powder evenly at a weight ratio of 4:1.5, put it into a muffle furnace for roasting, the roasting temperature is 500 °C, cool it to room temperature at a rate of 5 °C / min, place the obtained substance in a grinder and grind it at a rotation speed of 800 r / min, and sieve it through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the modified zeolite smoke suppressant.
[0038] The inner insulating layer is irradiated cross-linked polyethylene, the flame retardant is aluminum hydroxide, the plasticizer is dioctyl sebacate, the coupling agent is azidosilane coupling agent, the lubricant is erucamide, the antioxidant is antioxidant 1076, and the dispersant is ester wax.
[0039] Example 5 A preparation method of a low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated wire, comprising the following steps: Mix the components of the outer insulating layer material evenly and extrude them through a screw extruder to obtain outer insulating layer particles; Install a head and a die on the wire extruder, check the control program of the wire extruder, and adjust the temperature control of each section of the main machine and the auxiliary machine; Feed the conductor preheated to 50-70 °C into the wire extruder by a wire feeding device, add the inner insulating layer material to the main machine, add the outer insulating layer particles to the auxiliary machine, and simultaneously extrude the inner insulating layer and the outer insulating layer by the main machine and the auxiliary machine; Pull the extruded double-insulated wire into a water tank for cooling and forming to form a double-insulated structure with a certain thickness.
[0040] The double-layer co-extrusion technology is a production process that simultaneously extrudes two layers of plastic materials through two extruders and composites the two extruded plastic materials together through a special die head; the technology can comprehensively utilize the characteristics of two different plastic materials, extrude and composite the two plastic materials by customizing different extruders and dies, and the production process has simple procedures.
[0041] Comparative Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the outer insulating layer in this comparative example does not contain the modified zeolite smoke suppressant, and the other steps are the same.
[0042] Comparative Example 2 Compared with Example 4, this comparative example does not perform step S1 of the preparation process of the modified zeolite smoke suppressant in Example 4, and the other steps are the same.
[0043] Comparative Example 3 Compared with Example 4, this comparative example does not perform step S2 of the preparation process of the modified zeolite smoke suppressant in Example 4, and the other steps are the same.
[0044] Comparative Example 4 In this comparative example, compared with Example 1, the outer insulating layer does not contain the flame retardant aluminum hydroxide, and the other steps are the same.
[0045] Performance Test Take the wires prepared in the above Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, strip the outer insulating layer to make specimens for performance testing. Limiting oxygen index test: Test according to the standard of GB / T2406.2 - 2009. Maximum smoke density and smoke density grade test: Test according to the standard of GB / T8627 - 2007, vertical burning grade: Test according to the standard of GB / T 2408 - 2021. Tensile property test: Test according to the standard of GB / T 2951.11 - 2008. Content of halogen acid gas: Test according to the standard of GB / T 17650.1 - 2021. The test results of all items are shown in the following table: It can be seen from the table that there are obvious differences in the flame retardant performance and smoke suppression ability between Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, and the flame retardant performance and smoke suppression performance of the examples are higher than those of the comparative examples, indicating that the present invention has achieved good flame retardant and smoke suppression effects; from the results of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 4, it can be known that there is an obvious coordinated flame retardant effect between the flame retardant and the modified zeolite of the present invention; from the results of Example 4, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, it can be known that treating the zeolite with hydrochloric acid solution and calcination treatment can further enhance its adsorption ability for harmful smoke. This is because the hydrochloric acid solution will etch the surface of the zeolite, dredge the pores, increase the specific surface area, and significantly improve its adsorption ability. Calcining the zeolite can remove the impurities in the pores and cavities of the zeolite, thereby improving the pore permeability and specific surface area, enabling some lime powder to enter the pores or cavities of the zeolite and form a good combination with the zeolite. The zeolite uses its strong adsorption ability to adsorb a large amount of harmful smoke, while lime uses its good dehalogenation performance to react with harmful smoke on the surface or in the pores of the zeolite, so as to achieve the purpose of efficient dehalogenation.
[0046] It can be seen from the table that the present invention prepares a low - smoke and low - halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated wire, which can achieve a lower smoke generation amount while meeting high flame retardancy, and at the same time maintain good mechanical properties.
[0047] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and all should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated wire, comprising a conductor, an inner insulating layer and an outer insulating layer, wherein the inner insulating layer and the outer insulating layer are sequentially wrapped on the surface of the conductor, and the inner insulating layer is located between the conductor and the outer insulating layer, characterized in that, The outer insulating layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85 - 90 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 6 - 12 parts of flame retardant, 5 - 10 parts of modified zeolite smoke suppressant, 2 - 5 parts of plasticizer, 1 - 3 parts of coupling agent, 2 - 4 parts of lubricant, 1 - 3 parts of antioxidant, and 0.1 - 0.5 parts of dispersant.
2. The low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated wire according to claim 1, wherein The modified zeolite smoke suppressant is prepared by the following steps: A certain amount of zeolite is added to hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 0.05 - 0.25 mol / L at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5 - 20 (g:mL), and stirred at a constant temperature of 20 - 60 °C for 10 - 30 min, then filtered, repeatedly washed with distilled water until neutral, and finally dried to obtain substance A; The obtained substance A is mixed evenly with lime powder and put into a muffle furnace for roasting. The roasting temperature is 400 - 600 °C, and it is cooled to room temperature at a rate of 5 °C / min. The obtained substance is placed in a grinder and ground at a rotational speed of 800 r / min, and then passed through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the modified zeolite smoke suppressant.
3. A low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated wire according to claim 2, characterized in that, The concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.15 mol / L, the temperature is 40 °C, the stirring time is 25 min, and the solid-liquid ratio is 1:15 (g:mL).
4. A low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated wire according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of substance A to lime powder is 3.5 - 5:1.
5.
5. A low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flame retardant is one or both of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide.
6. A low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plasticizer is one or several of tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphite, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-octyl adipate, and dioctyl sebacate.
7. A low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lubricant is one or several of zinc stearate, calcium stearate, oleic acid amide, and erucic acid amide.
8. A low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated wire according to claim 1, wherein, The antioxidant is one or several of antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 1098, antioxidant 245, antioxidant 168, antioxidant 1076, and antioxidant DLTP.
9. A low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated wire according to claim 1, wherein The dispersant is any one of polyethylene wax, stearic acid and its salts, oxidized polyethylene, stearyl alcohol, palmityl alcohol, and ester wax.
10. The preparation method of a low-smoke and low-halogen polyvinyl chloride insulated wire according to any one of claims 1 - 9, comprising the following steps: Mix the components of the outer insulating layer material evenly, and extrude through a screw extruder to obtain outer insulating layer particles; Install a head and a die on the wire extruder, check the control program of the wire extruder, and adjust the temperature control of each section of the main machine and the auxiliary machine; Feed the conductor preheated to 50 - 70 °C into the wire extruder by a wire feeding device, add the inner insulating layer material to the main machine, add the outer insulating layer particles to the auxiliary machine, and simultaneously extrude the inner insulating layer and the outer insulating layer by the main machine and the auxiliary machine; Pull the extruded double-insulated wire into a water tank for cooling and forming to form a double-insulated structure with a certain thickness.