Photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly based on high polymer material heat collector

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly based on a high polymer material heat collector. The photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly comprises a frame, a light-transmitting covering layer, a solar cell and the high polymer material heat collector. The light-transmitting covering layer, the solar cell and the high polymer material heat collector are sequentially stacked and installed in the frame from top to bottom, and the upper surface of the high polymer material heat collector is a smooth surface and makes contact with the bottom of the solar cell for heat exchange. According to the photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly, a metal plate tubular heat collector of a traditional PVT assembly is omitted, a high polymer material heat collector is adopted, a photovoltaic back plate is replaced, the photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly has the advantages of being simple in structure, low in cost, light in weight, free of corrosion risks and capable of absorbing and relieving stress caused by temperature changes, the photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly can be more easily integrated with a building, and the weight and cost of the photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly are greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar photovoltaic / thermal technology, and specifically, to a photovoltaic-thermal component based on a polymer material collector. Background Art

[0002] The energy consumption and carbon emissions in the building field are huge, accounting for about 1 / 3 of the global total. Among the end-uses of building energy, hot water and heating account for up to 50%, so energy conservation and carbon reduction in the building field are extremely urgent. As the cheapest and most easily available renewable energy source, the main application types of solar energy in buildings are photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal collector (ST). However, the photo-electric conversion efficiency of PV is about 20%-30%, and there is a temperature effect, that is, the efficiency decreases as the battery operating temperature increases. The photo-thermal conversion efficiency of the collector is about 50%, which also decreases as the operating temperature increases. The photovoltaic-thermal integration (PVT) technology couples PV and solar thermal collectors, and uses the heat collection structure on the back of the PV to recover the waste heat of the PV. On the one hand, it reduces the PV temperature and increases the power generation, and on the other hand, it can also effectively recover and utilize the waste heat. Among various types of PVT, water is the most commonly used fluid medium. Compared with pure PV, the water-based working fluid PVT system can achieve a higher overall solar energy utilization rate. In addition to power generation, it can also provide hot water and space heating at the same time. Therefore, the PVT technology has great potential in the building field.

[0003] At present, the most commonly used form of the water-based working fluid PVT component is the plate-tube collector made of aluminum and copper materials, which has the problems of small contact area between the fluid channel and the PV cell, resulting in uneven plate surface temperature, and obvious expansion of the metal at high temperature and easy brittle fracture, which is not conducive to power generation output and component life, and the component has a large weight and high cost, which is not conducive to its popularization and application.

[0004] Therefore, those skilled in the art are committed to developing a new type of photovoltaic-thermal component with good uniform temperature on the plate surface, light weight, low cost and easy integration with buildings.

[0005] The patent document with the publication number of CN115900103A discloses a photovoltaic-thermoelectric integrated component, which belongs to the heat exchange channel structure of a solar photovoltaic-thermal device. The heat exchange channel structure is located under the solar cell panel of the solar photovoltaic-thermal device. One end of the heat exchange channel structure is provided with a heat exchange channel water inlet, and the other end is provided with a heat exchange channel water outlet. Its characteristics are that the heat exchange channel structure includes two spaced metal plates, and a heat exchange channel for hot water to flow through is formed between the two metal plates. The solar cell panel is installed and fixed above the upper metal plate, and a heat preservation material layer is also provided under the lower metal plate. This solution uses a metal heat exchange device, which has the problems of obvious expansion at high temperature, easy brittle fracture, large component weight and high cost. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic-thermal component based on a polymer material collector.

[0007] The photovoltaic-thermal component based on a polymer material collector provided by the present invention includes a frame, a light-transmitting covering layer, a solar cell, and a polymer material collector;

[0008] The light-transmitting covering layer, the solar cell, and the polymer material collector are sequentially stacked and installed in the frame from top to bottom. The upper surface of the polymer material collector is a smooth surface and is in contact with the bottom of the solar cell for heat exchange.

[0009] Preferably, the polymer material collector is a box-type collector, and a plurality of parallel box-type heat collection flow channels are arranged inside the box-type collector;

[0010] In the plurality of parallel box-type heat collection flow channels, the flow directions of the heat collection media in adjacent box-type heat collection flow channels are opposite.

[0011] Preferably, a first inlet liquid distributor and a second outlet liquid collector are arranged at one end of the polymer material collector along the length direction of the box-type heat collection flow channel, and a second inlet liquid distributor and a first outlet liquid collector are arranged at the other end of the polymer material collector;

[0012] The box-type heat collection flow channel includes a first box-type heat collection flow channel and a second box-type heat collection flow channel, and the first box-type heat collection flow channel and the second box-type heat collection flow channel are arranged at intervals;

[0013] The first heat collection medium enters the first box-type heat collection flow channel from the first inlet liquid distributor, flows along the first direction and then flows out from the first outlet liquid collector. The second heat collection medium enters the second box-type heat collection flow channel from the second inlet liquid distributor, flows along the second direction and then flows out from the second outlet liquid collector. The first direction and the second direction are opposite.

[0014] Preferably, both the first inlet liquid distributor and the second inlet liquid distributor face one side of the polymer material collector along the width direction of the box-type heat collection flow channel;

[0015] Both the first outlet liquid collector and the second outlet liquid collector face the other side of the polymer material collector along the width direction of the box-type heat collection flow channel.

[0016] Preferably, in the projection along the width direction of the box-type heat collection flow channel, both the first inlet liquid distributor and the first outlet liquid collector are located at the first height, and both the second inlet liquid distributor and the second outlet liquid collector are located at the second height.

[0017] Preferably, a first adhesive film is provided between the bottom of the light-transmitting cover layer and the top of the solar cell, and a second adhesive film is provided between the bottom of the solar cell and the top of the polymer material collector.

[0018] Preferably, both the first adhesive film and the second adhesive film are one of an EVA adhesive film, a POE adhesive film, an EPE adhesive film, and a PVB adhesive film.

[0019] Preferably, the light-transmitting cover layer is one of ultra-clear rolled glass, ultra-clear float glass, and ETFE film.

[0020] Preferably, the solar cell is one of a monocrystalline silicon cell, a polycrystalline silicon cell, an amorphous silicon cell, a copper indium gallium selenide cell, a cadmium telluride cell, a gallium arsenide cell, and a perovskite cell.

[0021] Preferably, the material of the polymer material collector is one of PC, PPO, PP, and PVC.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The present invention cancels the metal plate tube collector of the traditional PVT module, adopts a polymer material collector, and uses it to replace the photovoltaic backplane. It has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, light weight, no corrosion risk, and can absorb and relieve the stress caused by temperature changes. It is easier to be integrated with buildings, greatly reducing the weight and cost of the photovoltaic-thermal module.

[0024] 2. The present invention adopts a box-type collector, and the temperature uniformity of the PVT panel is good. The box-type collector is in surface contact with the photovoltaic cells thereon, with a large contact area and can achieve uniform temperature of the whole plate. The adjacent flow channels of the box-type collector are in countercurrent heat exchange, improving the heat exchange capacity.

[0025] 4. The flexibility of the polymer material collector in the present invention is better than that of the metal material collector. It can undergo a certain deformation at high temperatures without brittle fracture, can absorb and relieve the stress caused by temperature changes, and avoid material rupture during the thermal expansion process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] By reading the detailed description of the non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings, other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent:

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the polymer material collector in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3Schematic diagram of the series connection structure of multiple photovoltaic-thermal components in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic-thermal component in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] As shown in the figure:

[0032] Frame 1 First inlet liquid distributor 60

[0033] Light-transmitting covering layer 2 Second outlet liquid collector 61

[0034] First adhesive film 3 Box-type heat collection flow channel 62

[0035] Solar cell 4 First outlet liquid collector 63

[0036] Second adhesive film 5 Second inlet liquid distributor 64

[0037] Polymer material collector 6 Detailed implementation manners

[0038] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several changes and improvements can still be made. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0039] The present invention discloses a photovoltaic-thermal component based on a polymer material collector, which cancels the metal plate-tube collector of the traditional PVT component, adopts a polymer material collector, and replaces the photovoltaic backplane with this, having the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, light weight, no corrosion risk, and can absorb and relieve the stress caused by temperature changes, being more easily integrated with buildings, and greatly reducing the weight and cost of the photovoltaic-thermal component.

[0040] According to the photovoltaic-thermal component based on a polymer material collector provided by the present invention, as Figure 1 shown, it includes a frame 1, a light-transmitting covering layer 2, a solar cell 4, and a polymer material collector 6; the light-transmitting covering layer 2, the solar cell 4, and the polymer material collector 6 are stacked and installed in the frame 1 from top to bottom in sequence, the upper surface of the polymer material collector 6 is a smooth surface and is in contact with the bottom of the solar cell 4 for heat exchange. A first adhesive film 3 is provided between the bottom of the light-transmitting covering layer 2 and the top of the solar cell 4, and a second adhesive film 5 is provided between the bottom of the solar cell 4 and the top of the polymer material collector 6. By improving the traditional metal plate-tube collector into a box-type collector of polymer material, the temperature of the whole plate can be made uniform, and the problem that the metal is easily broken during the thermal expansion process is solved.

[0041] As Figure 2 shown, the polymer material collector 6 is a box-type collector, and a plurality of parallel box-type heat collection channels 62 are arranged inside the box-type collector; among the plurality of parallel box-type heat collection channels 62, the flow directions of the heat collection media in adjacent box-type heat collection channels 62 are opposite. Specifically, one end of the polymer material collector 6 along the length direction of the box-type heat collection channel 62 is provided with a first inlet liquid distributor 60 and a second outlet liquid collector 61, and the other end of the polymer material collector 6 is provided with a second inlet liquid distributor 64 and a first outlet liquid collector 63; the box-type heat collection channel 62 includes a first box-type heat collection channel and a second box-type heat collection channel, the first box-type heat collection channel and the second box-type heat collection channel are arranged at intervals, the first heat collection medium enters the first box-type heat collection channel from the first inlet liquid distributor 60, flows along the first direction and then flows out from the first outlet liquid collector 63, the second heat collection medium enters the second box-type heat collection channel from the second inlet liquid distributor 64, flows along the second direction and then flows out from the second outlet liquid collector 61, and the first direction and the second direction are opposite. By countercurrent heat exchange between adjacent channels, the heat exchange capacity is improved.

[0042] In a preferred example, both the first inlet liquid distributor 60 and the second inlet liquid distributor 64 face one side of the polymer material collector 6 along the width direction of the box-type heat collection channel 62; both the first outlet liquid collector 63 and the second outlet liquid collector 61 face the other side of the polymer material collector 6 along the width direction of the box-type heat collection channel 62. As Figure 3 shown, when multiple photovoltaic-thermal modules are connected in series, a plurality of polymer material collectors 6 are placed side by side, and in adjacent polymer material collectors 6, the outlet liquid collector of one polymer material collector 6 on one side is communicated with the inlet liquid distributor of the polymer material collector 6 on the other side;

[0043] In a preferred example, on the projection along the width direction of the box-type heat collection channel 62, both the first inlet liquid distributor 60 and the first outlet liquid collector 63 are located at the first height, and both the second inlet liquid distributor 64 and the second outlet liquid collector 61 are located at the second height. When multiple photovoltaic-thermal modules are connected in series, by staggering the two-way inlets / outs, misconnection can be avoided.

[0044] Optionally, both the first adhesive film 3 and the second adhesive film 5 are one of EVA adhesive film, POE adhesive film, EPE adhesive film, and PVB adhesive film. The light-transmitting covering layer 2 is one of ultra-clear rolled glass, ultra-clear float glass, and ETFE film. The solar cell 4 is one of monocrystalline silicon cell, polycrystalline silicon cell, amorphous silicon cell, copper indium gallium selenide cell, cadmium telluride cell, gallium arsenide cell, and perovskite cell. The material of the polymer material collector 6 is one of PC, PPO, PP, and PVC.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] As Figure 1 shown, this embodiment discloses a photovoltaic-thermal module using a polymer material collector, which is a multi-layer structure, including: a frame 1, an upper glass cover plate or film, a first adhesive film 3, a solar cell 4, a second adhesive film 5, and a polymer material collector 6. Among them, the frame 1 is one of types such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel, plastic, and carbon fiber composite material. The material of the glass cover plate or film is one of ultra-white rolled (embossed) glass, ultra-white float glass, and ETFE film. The first adhesive film 3 and the second adhesive film 5 are one of types such as EVA, POE, EPE, and PVB. The adhesive film needs to have sufficient elasticity to balance the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between adjacent layers, and should be as thin as possible to ensure good thermal contact. The solar cell 4 is one of types such as monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, copper indium gallium selenide, cadmium telluride, gallium arsenide, and perovskite. The material of the polymer material collector 6 is one of types such as PC, PPO, PP, and PVC, and appropriate fillers or modifications can be added according to actual needs; the collector flow channel structure is a box-type collector, and the heat collection medium inside it is water or antifreeze, and the flow directions of the heat collection media between adjacent square channels are opposite; the polymer box-type collector needs to have ultraviolet tolerance, high thermal conductivity, waterproof and antifreeze resistance, a temperature resistance range wider than -10 to 150 °C, good mechanical strength, and chemical stability.

[0047] As Figure 2 shown, the polymer material collector in this embodiment is a box-type countercurrent heat exchanger. Fluid I enters the box-type heat collection flow channel 62 from the first inlet liquid distributor 60 and finally flows out from the first outlet liquid collector 63, taking away the waste heat of the photovoltaic solar cell 4; another fluid II enters the box-type heat collection flow channel 62 from the second inlet liquid distributor 64, forms countercurrent heat exchange with fluid I to improve the heat exchange efficiency, and finally flows out from the second outlet liquid collector 61, taking away the waste heat of the photovoltaic solar cell 4. In some embodiments, the polymer material collector 6 includes a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is the surface facing the second adhesive film 5, and its surface is a smooth surface; the second surface is the surface opposite to the first surface, and the second outlet liquid collector 61 and the second inlet liquid distributor 64 are installed on its surface.

[0048] In some embodiments, the PVT module can be customized according to specific application requirements, and each component in the supporting polymer material collector 6: the first inlet liquid distributor 60, the second outlet liquid collector 61, the box-type heat collection flow channel 62, the first outlet liquid collector 63, and the second inlet liquid distributor 64 also need to be designed according to different sizes of the PVT module to meet the product quality and combined heat and power performance requirements.

[0049] In some embodiments, when 2 or more PVT modules are connected in series,Figure 3 For the connection method shown, the connection method between each PVT component can be: hot melt connection, electrofusion connection, socket connection, mechanical connection, etc.

[0050] A photovoltaic-thermal component using a polymer material collector proposed in this embodiment has a processing process as follows: successively stack five layers of raw materials, namely the upper glass cover plate or film, the first adhesive film 3, the solar cell 4, the second adhesive film 5, and the polymer material collector 6, into a vacuum laminator and laminate them into shape. Finally, install the frame 1. This method ensures the reliability and service life of the PVT component.

[0051] Embodiment 2

[0052] As Figure 4 shown, this embodiment provides a photovoltaic-thermal component using a polymer material collector, which is a multi-layer structure and includes a frame 1; an upper glass cover plate or film, a first adhesive film 3, a solar cell 4, a second adhesive film 5, and a polymer material collector 6. Compared with Embodiment 1, the flow channel shape of the polymer material collector 6 is circular, and the rest of the configurations are the same.

[0053] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0054] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. Without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic-thermal component based on a polymer material collector, characterized in that, It includes a frame (1), a light-transmitting covering layer (2), a solar cell (4), and a polymer material collector (6); The light-transmitting covering layer (2), the solar cell (4), and the polymer material collector (6) are stacked and installed in the frame (1) from top to bottom in sequence. The upper surface of the polymer material collector (6) is a smooth surface and is in contact with the bottom of the solar cell (4) for heat exchange.

2. The photovoltaic-thermal component based on the polymer material collector according to claim 1, wherein The polymer material collector (6) is a box-type collector, and a plurality of parallel box-type heat collection channels (62) are arranged inside the box-type collector; Among the plurality of parallel box-type heat collection channels (62), the flow directions of the heat collection media in adjacent box-type heat collection channels (62) are opposite.

3. The photovoltaic-thermal component based on the polymer material collector according to claim 2, characterized in that, One end of the polymer material collector (6) along the length direction of the box-type heat collection channel (62) is provided with a first inlet liquid distributor (60) and a second outlet liquid collector (61), and the other end of the polymer material collector (6) is provided with a second inlet liquid distributor (64) and a first outlet liquid collector (63); The box-type heat collection channel (62) includes a first box-type heat collection channel and a second box-type heat collection channel, and the first box-type heat collection channel and the second box-type heat collection channel are arranged at intervals; The first heat collection medium enters the first box-type heat collection channel from the first inlet liquid distributor (60), flows along the first direction and then flows out from the first outlet liquid collector (63). The second heat collection medium enters the second box-type heat collection channel from the second inlet liquid distributor (64), flows along the second direction and then flows out from the second outlet liquid collector (61). The first direction and the second direction are opposite.

4. The photovoltaic-thermal component based on the polymer material collector according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the first inlet liquid distributor (60) and the second inlet liquid distributor (64) face one side of the polymer material collector (6) along the width direction of the box-type heat collection channel (62); Both the first outlet liquid collector (63) and the second outlet liquid collector (61) face the other side of the polymer material collector (6) along the width direction of the box-type heat collection channel (62).

5. The photovoltaic-thermal component based on a polymer material collector according to claim 3, characterized in that On the projection along the width direction of the box-type heat collection channel (62), both the first inlet liquid distributor (60) and the first outlet liquid collector (63) are located at the first height, and both the second inlet liquid distributor (64) and the second outlet liquid collector (61) are located at the second height.

6. The photovoltaic-thermal component based on a polymer material collector according to claim 1, wherein A first adhesive film (3) is provided between the bottom of the light-transmitting covering layer (2) and the top of the solar cell (4), and a second adhesive film (5) is provided between the bottom of the solar cell (4) and the top of the polymer material collector (6).

7. The photovoltaic-thermal module based on the polymer material collector according to claim 6, characterized in that, Both the first adhesive film (3) and the second adhesive film (5) are one of an EVA adhesive film, a POE adhesive film, an EPE adhesive film, and a PVB adhesive film.

8. The photovoltaic-thermal component based on a polymer material collector according to claim 1, wherein The light-transmitting covering layer (2) is one of ultra-clear rolled glass, ultra-clear float glass, and ETFE film.

9. The photovoltaic-thermal component based on a polymer material collector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar cell (4) is one of a monocrystalline silicon cell, a polycrystalline silicon cell, an amorphous silicon cell, a copper indium gallium selenide cell, a cadmium telluride cell, a gallium arsenide cell, and a perovskite cell.

10. The photovoltaic-thermal component based on a polymer material collector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the polymer material collector (6) is one of PC, PPO, PP, and PVC.

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