Ecological planting mode of wild edible mushrooms under Yunnan pine forest

Abstract

The invention relates to an ecological planting mode of wild edible mushrooms under a Yunnan pine forest. The ecological planting mode comprises the following steps: S1, cultivating a suitable land; s2, selecting a pinus yunnanensis middle-age forest, and planting bicolor bolete and bolete brown under the forest; s3, removing miscellaneous irrigation under the Yunnan pine forest in July every year; s4, in the planting period, it should be ensured that a humus layer under the Yunnan pine forest keeps a proper thickness; s5, applying compound bacterial fertilizer before the rainy season comes every year; according to the mode, healthy development of the Yunnan pine forest is promoted, the disease and pest resistance of the Yunnan pine forest is enhanced, the health condition of the Yunnan pine forest is further improved through the mixed cropping mode, the resistance of the Yunnan pine forest is improved, and therefore insect pests are effectively reduced. Meanwhile, a good forest land condition is provided for edible mushroom planting, edible mushrooms and pinus yunnanensis with economic and ecological values are obtained, and ecological and economic double harvest is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ecological planting modes, and particularly relates to an ecological planting mode of wild edible fungi under Yunnan pine forests. Background Art

[0002] Yunnan pine (Pinus yunnanensis Franch.) has the characteristics of strong adaptability, tolerance to drought and barrenness, and wide range of wood uses. It is an endemic species in southwest China and is also one of the main components of the subtropical mountain coniferous forest vegetation in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi. Its area and stock volume respectively account for 29.2% and 15.8% of the forested area and stock volume in Yunnan Province, playing an important role in Yunnan's forestry production and also having a crucial impact on ecological and economic construction. Yunnan pine is widely used in aspects such as wood, pine cones, pine needles, and pollen, providing a large amount of timber, rosin, and forest by-products and generating huge economic benefits. It also has immeasurable social and ecological benefits in afforesting barren mountains, maintaining soil and water, and improving the ecological environment, occupying a very important position in Yunnan's forestry production. Therefore, the prevention, monitoring, and control of Yunnan pine diseases and pests have always been an important part of forest protection work in Yunnan Province. However, due to the large-scale afforestation of Yunnan pine, diseases and pests have also become a severe problem faced by Yunnan pine forests.

[0003] The vertical distribution range of Yunnan pine is extensive, distributed at altitudes from 1000 to 2800 meters, with the most concentrated distribution in the range of 1500 to 2000 meters. This is roughly consistent with the altitude range where large fungi in Yunnan are concentrated. Therefore, there are many species of ectomycorrhizal fungi under the forest, and many of the numerous fungal resources are edible mushroom resources. Yunnan has rich mushroom species, with high economic value and ecological benefits, which are of great significance for maintaining ecological balance and promoting local economic development. Ectomycorrhizal fungi can expand the absorption area of tree roots through fungal hyphae, thereby absorbing richer water and mineral nutrients, and then improving the growth status of trees and enhancing their stress resistance. How to achieve the ecological symbiosis of Yunnan pine and mushroom species and improve its ecological adaptability has become an important research topic in forestry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an ecological planting mode of wild edible fungi under Yunnan pine forests with economic and ecological values.

[0005] The specific technical solution is as follows: S1. Select an area with an altitude of 1000 - 2800m, an average temperature of about 14 - 18°C, and an annual average relative humidity of 70 - 80% as the suitable cultivation site.

[0006] S2. Select middle-aged Yunnan pine forests and plant Boletus bicolor and Boletus brunneissimus under the forest.

[0007] S3. Remove the underbrush under Pinus yunnanensis forests in July every year to ensure an open space under the forests, which is suitable for the growth of various boletes.

[0008] S4. During the planting period, the thickness of the humus layer under Pinus yunnanensis forests should be ensured to be more than 10 cm. For places that cannot meet this thickness requirement, the humus with a thickness higher than this layer should be transferred and supplemented to these places so that the humus layer not only meets the planting requirements but also is uniform throughout the plot. S5. Apply compound bacterial fertilizer before the rainy season every year to ensure the supply of soil nutrients to the strains, accelerate the formation of humus, and provide better planting conditions.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S2, the planting ratio of Boletus bicolor to Boletus luridus is 3:2.

[0010] Step S3 stipulates that when the light is too strong, a sunshade net should be used for covering.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S5, the dosage of the compound bacterial fertilizer is 100 kg / mu.

[0012] Beneficial effects of the present invention: Promote the healthy development of Pinus yunnanensis forests, enhance their resistance to pests and diseases, improve the health status of Pinus yunnanensis forests through the intercropping mode, enhance their resistance, reduce the occurrence of pests, and at the same time provide good forest land conditions for the cultivation of edible fungi, obtaining edible fungi and Pinus yunnanensis with economic and ecological values, achieving a double harvest of ecology and economy. Detailed implementation manners

[0013] In order to make the technical problems and technical solutions solved by the present invention clearer, the following further details the present invention in combination with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0014] There are 147 species (including varieties and forms) of wild edible fungi under Pinus yunnanensis forests, belonging to 27 families and 39 genera. However, there are 4 main edible fungi that are often eaten, have high economic value, good taste and are acceptable in the market, namely Boletus bicolor ( Boletus bicolor ), Boletus luridus ( B. brunneissimus ), Boletus edulis ( Boletus edulis ), and Boletus griseus ( B. griseus ). According to the investigation of the number of edible fungi in the wild state, the combination of Boletus bicolor and Boletus luridus is formulated, and the combination of Boletus bicolor and Boletus luridus. Example 1

[0015] S1. Select areas with an altitude of 1000 - 2800 m, an annual average temperature of about 14 - 18 °C, a temperature under the forest not exceeding 28 °C, and an annual average relative humidity of 70 - 80% as suitable cultivation sites. S2. Select middle-aged Pinus yunnanensis forests, set plots with a width of 1 m and a length of 10 m under the forest, dig small ditches between adjacent plots to help drain water during the rainy season, and set up 1 sprinkler irrigation facility in the middle of each plot to ensure that the air humidity during the mushroom-growing period is above 85%. Select to plant Boletus bicolor ( Boletus bicolor ), and Boletus brunneissimus, plant the two edible mushrooms at intervals, and the planting ratio of Boletus bicolor to Boletus brunneissimus is 3:2; For plots with a relatively high planting density, a cavity with a size of 20 cm × 20 cm × 20 cm can be dug near it, transplant the Boletus mushrooms with a size of 15 cm × 15 cm in the plot with a high density to the newly dug cavity, and fill the remaining part with humus; S3. Remove the underbrush under the Pinus yunnanensis forests in July every year to ensure that the space under the forests is open and suitable for the growth of each Boletus mushroom. When the light is too strong, cover it with a sunshade net; S4. During the planting period, the thickness of the humus layer under the Pinus yunnanensis forests should be ensured to be above 10 cm. For places that cannot meet this thickness requirement, transfer and supplement the humus in other layers thicker than this layer to this place, so that the humus layer not only meets the planting requirements but also is uniform throughout the plot; S5. Apply compound bacterial fertilizer before the rainy season every year to ensure the supply of soil nutrients to the strains, accelerate the formation of humus, and provide better planting conditions.

[0016] Comparative Example 1: S1. Select areas with an altitude of 1000 - 2800 m, an average annual temperature of about 16 °C, and an average annual relative humidity of about 75% as suitable cultivation sites; S2. Select middle-aged Pinus yunnanensis forests without planting wild edible mushrooms; S3. During the planting period, the thickness of the humus layer under the Pinus yunnanensis forests should be ensured to be above 10 cm. For places that cannot meet this thickness requirement, transfer and supplement the humus in other layers thicker than this layer to this place, so that the humus layer not only meets the planting requirements but also is uniform throughout the plot; S4. Apply compound bacterial fertilizer before the rainy season every year to ensure the supply of soil nutrients to the strains, accelerate the formation of humus, and provide better planting conditions.

[0017] Comparative Example 2: S1. Select areas with an altitude of 1000 - 2800 m, an average annual temperature of about 16 °C, and an average annual relative humidity of about 75% as suitable cultivation sites; S2. Select middle-aged Pinus yunnanensis forests and plant Boletus edulis ( Boletus edulis ), and Boletus griseus ( B. griseus), the planting ratio of Boletus edulis and Boletus badius is 1:1; S3. Remove the underbrush under Pinus yunnanensis forests in July every year to ensure an open space under the Pinus yunnanensis forests, which is suitable for the growth of various boletus mushrooms; S4. During the planting period, the thickness of the humus layer under the Pinus yunnanensis forests should be ensured to be more than 10 cm. For places where this thickness requirement cannot be met, the humus with a thickness higher than this layer should be transferred and supplemented to this place, so that the humus layer not only meets the planting requirements but also is uniform throughout the plot; S5. Apply compound bacterial fertilizer before the rainy season every year to ensure the supply of soil nutrients to the strains, and accelerate the formation of humus to provide better planting conditions.

[0018] During the period from 2022 to 2024, the numbers of three main trunk-boring pests of Pinus yunnanensis in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 (Tomicus piniperda, Tomicus minor, and Pissodes yunnanensis) were investigated continuously for three years in mid-May. Each plant was investigated in the upper, middle, and lower parts, and 10 plants were taken as test samples under each mode. The experimental results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0019] Note: Different lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences ( P <0.05); ** indicates extremely significant differences.

[0020] The results show that Example 1 performs best in controlling the three pests, significantly better than Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. Especially in the control of Tomicus minor, the effect is the most significant, indicating that this mode effectively reduces the pest population density and improves the ecological health level of Pinus yunnanensis forests, providing a scientific basis for sustainable forestry management.

[0021] Through the data comparison for three consecutive years, the comprehensive advantages of Example 1 in optimizing the planting environment and suppressing pest breeding are further verified, providing solid data support for promoting this mode, and it is expected to improve the pest resistance and ecological stability of Pinus yunnanensis forests on a larger scale.

[0022] The present invention has been described in detail through specific and preferred embodiments above, but those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological planting mode of wild edible fungi under Yunnan pine forest, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Select an area with an altitude of 1000 - 2800 m, an average temperature of about 14 - 18 °C, a forest understory temperature not exceeding 28 °C, and an annual average relative humidity of 70 - 80% as the suitable cultivation site; S2. Select middle - aged Yunnan pine forests and plant Boletus bicolor and Boletus brunneissimus under the forest; S3. Remove the underbrush under the Yunnan pine forests in July every year to ensure an open space under the Yunnan pine forests, which is suitable for the growth of each Boletus species; S4. During the planting period, the thickness of the humus layer under the Yunnan pine forests should be ensured to be more than 10 cm. For places that cannot meet this thickness requirement, the humus with a thickness higher than this layer should be transferred and supplemented to this place so that the humus layer not only meets the planting requirements but also is uniform throughout the plot; S5. Apply compound bacterial fertilizer before the rainy season every year to ensure the supply of soil nutrients to the bacterial species, and accelerate the formation of humus to provide better planting conditions.

2. The ecological cultivation mode of wild edible fungi under Pinus yunnanensis forest according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the planting ratio of Boletus bicolor to Boletus brunneissimus is 3:2, and the two edible fungi are planted at intervals.

3. The ecological cultivation mode of wild edible fungi under Pinus yunnanensis forests according to claim 1 is characterized in that, In step S3, when the light is too strong, use a sunshade net for covering.

4. The ecological planting mode of wild edible fungi under Pinus yunnanensis forest according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, 100 kg of compound bacterial fertilizer should be applied per mu of land.

5. The ecological planting mode of wild edible fungi under Pinus yunnanensis forest according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, for plots with too high planting density, holes with a size of 20 cm × 20 cm × 20 cm can be dug nearby, and the over - dense Boletus with a size of 15 cm × 15 cm should be transplanted into the new holes, and then the remaining space should be filled with humus.

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