Cold and hot pressing automatic forming machine for brake shoe

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of brake shoe cold and hot pressing forming, and particularly discloses a brake shoe cold and hot pressing automatic forming machine which comprises an upper die mechanism, a middle die mechanism and a bottom die mechanism which are arranged on a press base, and the bottom die mechanism comprises a bottom die push-out cylinder, a sliding bottom die and a brake shoe containing cavity; a sliding rail is arranged on the surface of the press base, the sliding bottom die horizontally slides along the sliding rail, and the sliding stroke is driven and controlled through the bottom die push-out cylinder. The middle die mechanism comprises a middle die jacking cylinder, a sliding middle die and sliding rail supports arranged on the two sides of the sliding middle die. The upper die mechanism comprises a pressing die, a pressing plate and a pressing cylinder; the downward pressing die is arranged at the bottom of the downward pressing plate, and the downward pressing cylinder drives the downward pressing plate to vertically move along the guide mechanism. According to the scheme of the automatic forming machine, through cold / heat integrated layout, multi-cylinder cooperative driving, four-column guiding and centralized electric control, transition from traditional steps, multiple machines and multiple workers to continuous, efficient and full-automatic modes is achieved, and the production efficiency is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hot and cold pressing forming of brake shoes, and particularly relates to an automatic hot and cold pressing forming machine for brake shoes. Background Art

[0002] In a rail transit braking system, as a key friction component, the forming quality of a brake shoe directly affects the braking performance and service life. The hot and cold pressing process of the brake shoe is an important link in the production process of the brake shoe. Automated operation is an important means to improve quality and increase production, reduce costs and increase efficiency, reduce the production labor intensity of workers, and save energy and protect the environment. Using automated equipment to replace manual operation is the mainstream development trend of modern manufacturing, but the existing technologies have the following technical limitations: 1. The forming production of the original brake shoe is completed successively on two independent devices with separated functions of cold pressing forming and hot pressing forming. It requires manual intervention for mold cleaning and blank transfer, and there is a problem of temperature control lag during the cold / hot process switching. 2. The existing forming machines are single-time, single-piece, and single-function special machines, with problems such as low production efficiency, a large number of presses, many process transfer times, and many operators. 3. The existing cold pressing press is for single-time and single-piece forming. In the cold pressing process, the brake shoe back needs to be put in first, then the spacer is put into the mold, and then the friction body material is filled on both sides of the spacer. The process is not convenient for automatic loading and unloading. Improving the mold structure is the key point of the research on loading and unloading.

[0003] 4. Most of the mold structures are single-station designs, which require manual loading and unloading, resulting in low production efficiency. And after forming, heat treatment needs to be carried out separately, increasing energy consumption and process complexity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides an automatic hot and cold pressing forming machine for brake shoes. Through the integrated cold / hot layout, multi-cylinder coordinated drive, four-column guidance, and centralized electric control, this automatic forming machine solution realizes the transition from the traditional "step-by-step, multi-machine, multi-worker" to "continuous, efficient, fully automatic", significantly improving production efficiency, automation degree, and equipment integration degree.

[0005] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions: An automatic hot and cold pressing forming machine for brake shoes, including an upper die mechanism, a middle die mechanism, and a bottom die mechanism. The above mechanisms are arranged on a press base. The bottom die mechanism includes a bottom die pushing cylinder, a sliding bottom die, and a brake shoe placement cavity; a slide rail is provided on the surface of the press base, and the sliding bottom die slides horizontally along the slide rail, and the sliding stroke is driven and controlled by the bottom die pushing cylinder; a brake shoe placement cavity is provided on the surface of the sliding bottom die. The middle die mechanism includes a middle die lifting cylinder, a sliding middle die, and slide rail brackets arranged on both sides of the sliding middle die; the slide rail brackets are arranged on the guiding mechanism and move vertically along the guiding mechanism, and the middle die lifting cylinder drives the slide rail brackets to move vertically; The upper die mechanism includes a pressing die, a lower pressing plate, and a pressing cylinder; the pressing die is arranged at the bottom of the lower pressing plate, and the pressing cylinder drives the lower pressing plate to move vertically along the guiding mechanism; The guiding mechanism is arranged on the press base, and a press frame is provided at the top. The pressing cylinder is arranged on the surface of the press frame.

[0006] In a specific embodiment, the pressing cylinder includes a main pressing cylinder and two auxiliary pressing cylinders. The main pressing cylinder is arranged in the middle of the press frame, and the auxiliary pressing cylinders are respectively arranged on both sides. The auxiliary cylinders are symmetrically arranged. The cylinder bodies of the main pressing cylinder and the auxiliary pressing cylinders are arranged on the press frame, and the output ends act on the lower pressing plate.

[0007] In a specific embodiment, the guiding mechanism is a four-column structure. Four guide columns are respectively arranged at the four corners of the press frame, and the bottom ends are fixed to the press base.

[0008] In a specific embodiment, the four-column structure is a rectangular structure. The press frame, the lower pressing plate, and the press base are rectangular structures. The side of the long side of the rectangle where the column is located is the side where the sliding bottom die is pushed out; the main pressing cylinder and the auxiliary pressing cylinders are arranged in a row along the long side direction, and the auxiliary pressing cylinders are arranged in the middle of the short side columns; the middle die lifting cylinder is arranged in the middle of the short side columns.

[0009] In a specific embodiment, the middle die mechanism further includes a middle die pushing cylinder. The middle die pushing cylinder is arranged in the same column as the bottom die pushing cylinder, and the pushing direction and the pushing stroke are the same as those of the bottom die pushing cylinder; the sliding middle die slides out along the slide rail brackets.

[0010] In a specific embodiment, several brake shoe placement cavities are provided on the surface of the sliding bottom die. The placement cavities are linearly arranged for placing brake shoes; the sliding middle die is provided with a filling hole, and the filling hole is correspondingly arranged with the brake shoe placement cavity; the pressing die is correspondingly arranged with the filling hole. The pressing die, the filling hole, and the brake shoe placement cavity are arranged in the same vertical direction and are consistent along the direction of the guiding mechanism.

[0011] In a specific embodiment, the automatic molding machine further includes an electric control box for controlling the movement of each cylinder.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Cold / hot integrated continuous operation. The sliding bottom die (including multiple placement cavities), the sliding middle die, and the pressing die are synchronously arranged along the same guiding mechanism, realizing zero switching of the cold pressing → hot pressing process; there is no need for manual die unloading, cleaning, and transfer, eliminating the temperature control lag and waiting time for cold / hot switching.

[0013] Multi-cylinder cooperation, rapid response, the main pressing cylinder + the symmetric auxiliary cylinders on both sides work together, the lower pressing plate is more evenly stressed, closes more quickly, and the forming cycle is shortened.

[0014] 2. The whole process is driven by cylinders. Actions such as cold / hot forming, middle die lifting, bottom die sliding, and mold ejection are all completed by hydraulic cylinders (main and auxiliary cylinders) or air cylinders. Through centralized PLC or motion controller programming in the electric control box, one-key startup and automatic cycle can be achieved.

[0015] Without manual intervention, tool feeding, material feeding, clamping, forming, position changing, and mold withdrawal can all be programmed, and parameters (pressure, stroke, speed) can be adjusted online.

[0016] Four-column guiding structure, the four guide columns are integrally supported, ensuring the concentricity and stability of the movement of the upper and lower, middle and bottom molds, and avoiding jamming or defects caused by manual clamping errors.

[0017] 3. Integrated frame design, integrating cold pressing, medium pressing (filling), and hot pressing function modules on the same base and frame, avoiding the extra space occupied by split equipment.

[0018] Four-column rectangular structure and multi-cylinder arrangement make the fuselage occupy less land and have a compact layout, facilitating factory building planning. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on the provided drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 Shown is the front structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the brake shoe cold and hot pressing automatic forming machine; Figure 2 Shown is the three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the brake shoe cold and hot pressing automatic forming machine; Figure 3 Shown is the side structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the brake shoe cold and hot pressing automatic forming machine; Figure 4 Shown is the top view structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the brake shoe cold and hot pressing automatic forming machine; 1 - Press base; 2 - Guiding mechanism; 3 - Press frame; 4 - Bottom die mechanism; 41 - Slide rail; 42 - Bottom die ejection cylinder; 43 - Sliding bottom die; 44 - Brake shoe placement cavity; 5 - Intermediate die mechanism; 51 - Sliding intermediate die; 52 - Slide rail bracket; 53 - Intermediate die lifting cylinder; 54 - Filler hole; 6 - Upper die mechanism; 61 - Lower pressure plate; 62 - Lower pressing die; 63 - Lower pressing main cylinder; 64 - Lower pressing auxiliary cylinder; 7 - Electric control box. Detailed implementation manner

[0021] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] Embodiment 1 This embodiment provides a brake shoe cold and hot pressing automatic forming machine for continuously cold pressing and hot pressing the brake shoe in the rail transit braking system.

[0023] The automatic forming machine mainly includes a press base 1, a four-column guiding mechanism 2, a press frame 3, a sliding bottom die mechanism 4, a sliding intermediate die mechanism 5, an upper die mechanism 6 and an electric control box 7.

[0024] The sliding bottom die mechanism 4 is arranged on the press base 1 and slides along the horizontal slide rail 41 arranged on the surface of the press base. The bottom die pushing cylinder 42 is installed on the side of the press base 1 and is connected to the electric control box 7 through an electric control circuit, and is used to drive the sliding bottom die 43 to complete horizontal reciprocating motion on the slide rail 41. A plurality of linearly arranged brake shoe placement cavities 44 are opened on the surface of the sliding bottom die 43 for placing the brake shoe blanks to be formed.

[0025] The sliding intermediate die mechanism 5 includes a sliding intermediate die 51, slide rail brackets 52 on both sides and an intermediate die lifting cylinder 53. The slide rail brackets 52 are arranged in the guiding mechanism 2 and slide along the vertical direction of the guiding mechanism; the intermediate die lifting cylinder 53 is fixed between the press base 1 and the slide rail brackets 52, and acts on the slide rail brackets 52 through the piston rod to realize the up and down movement of the sliding intermediate die 51 and move along the direction of the guiding mechanism. A filler hole 54 is opened on the sliding intermediate die 51, and its position is aligned with the brake shoe placement cavity 44 on the sliding bottom die 43.

[0026] The upper die mechanism 6 includes a lower pressure plate 61, a lower pressing die 62 and a lower pressing cylinder assembly. The lower pressing cylinder assembly consists of a lower pressing main cylinder 63 and two symmetrically arranged lower pressing auxiliary cylinders 64, and the cylinder bodies are fixed on the press frame 3. The lower pressing main cylinder 63 is arranged in the middle of the press frame 3, and the lower pressing auxiliary cylinders 64 are respectively located at the middle positions of the short side columns. The piston rods of the three cylinders are all connected to the lower pressure plate 61 and are used to drive the lower pressure plate 61 and the lower pressing die 62 to perform a closing and forming movement along the vertical direction of the guiding mechanism 2.

[0027] The guiding mechanism 2 is composed of four guide columns, which are fixedly installed at the four corners of the press base 1 and connected to the press frame 3 at the top to ensure the concentric guiding accuracy of the upper and lower die mechanisms.

[0028] The electric control box 7 is equipped with a PLC controller and a touch screen operation panel, which are used to control the action sequence and parameters of all hydraulic cylinders (bottom die push-out cylinder, middle die lifting cylinder, upper pressing main / auxiliary cylinder). The equipment realizes closed-loop position and pressure control through the feedback of travel switches and pressure sensors, and can set cold pressing and hot pressing parameter curves.

[0029] Specific forming process (1) After starting the equipment, the bottom die push-out cylinder 42 pushes the sliding bottom die 43 to the feeding position, and the green brake shoe blank to be formed is automatically or manually placed into the brake shoe placement cavity 44.

[0030] (2) The bottom die push-out cylinder 42 retracts, and the sliding bottom die 43 is sent to the alignment position below the middle die.

[0031] (3) The middle die lifting cylinder 53 pulls down the sliding middle die 51, and the filling hole 54 is aligned with the brake shoe placement cavity 44; the sliding middle die 51 and the sliding bottom die 43 are simultaneously pushed out, the filling hole 54 is aligned with the brake shoe placement cavity 44, and the friction material is filled into the brake shoe placement cavity 44 through a vibrating device or a screw feeder.

[0032] (4) The sliding middle die 51 and the sliding bottom die 43 are pulled back and aligned with the upper pressing die.

[0033] (5) The upper pressing main cylinder 63 and the auxiliary cylinder 64 act, the upper pressing die 62 closes, and the blank is subjected to high-pressure forming (cold pressing stage), and the holding pressure time is maintained after the set pressure is completed.

[0034] (6) After the forming is completed, the pneumatic control valve is switched to the hot pressing heating module (a separately set heat source device, not within the scope of this application). After the temperature reaches the set value, the lower pressing cylinder closes and holds the pressure again to realize hot pressing forming.

[0035] (7) After the hot pressing is completed, the pressure of the lower pressing cylinder is released, the lower pressing plate 61 rises, the middle die lifting cylinder 53 lifts the sliding middle die 51 and the sliding bottom die 43 to synchronously eject the die; the bottom die push-out cylinder 42 ejects the formed part, and the sliding bottom die 43 returns to the feeding position to complete a cycle.

[0036] Parameter examples Guide column diameter: ￠80mm; Cold pressing pressure: 200kN; Hot pressing pressure: 300kN; Cold pressing temperature: room temperature to 80°C (without heating); Hot pressing temperature: 150°C - 200°C; Stroke: lower pressing cylinder 50 mm; middle die lifting stroke 20 mm; bottom die sliding stroke 200mm; Cycle time: about 8 s for cold pressing and about 15 s for hot pressing.

[0037] The above is the specific structure and process flow of this embodiment. Combining the described component layout and parameters, the efficient automatic forming of the rail transit brake shoe can be completed.

[0038] In this specification, the various embodiments are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. For the same and similar parts among the various embodiments, reference can be made to each other. For the devices disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple. For the relevant parts, reference can be made to the description in the method part.

[0039] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. Brake shoe hot and cold press automatic forming machine, including an upper die mechanism, a middle die mechanism and a bottom die mechanism. The above mechanisms are arranged on the press base. It is characterized in that The bottom die mechanism includes a bottom die push-out cylinder, a sliding bottom die and a brake shoe placement cavity; a slide rail is provided on the surface of the press base, and the sliding bottom die slides horizontally along the slide rail, and the sliding stroke is driven and controlled by the bottom die push-out cylinder; a brake shoe placement cavity is provided on the surface of the sliding bottom die. The middle die mechanism includes a middle die lifting cylinder, a sliding middle die and slide rail brackets arranged on both sides of the sliding middle die; the slide rail brackets are arranged on the guiding mechanism and move in the vertical direction of the guiding mechanism, and the middle die lifting cylinder drives the slide rail brackets to move vertically. The upper die mechanism includes a downward pressing die, a lower pressing plate and a downward pressing cylinder; the downward pressing die is arranged at the bottom of the lower pressing plate, and the downward pressing cylinder drives the lower pressing plate to move vertically along the guiding mechanism. The guiding mechanism is arranged on the press base, and a press frame is provided at the top. The downward pressing cylinder is arranged on the surface of the press frame.

2. The automatic hot and cold pressing forming machine for brake shoes according to claim 1, wherein The downward pressing cylinder includes a downward pressing main cylinder and two downward pressing auxiliary cylinders. The downward pressing main cylinder is arranged in the middle of the press frame, and the downward pressing auxiliary cylinders are respectively arranged on both sides. The auxiliary cylinders are symmetrically arranged. The cylinder bodies of the downward pressing main cylinder and the downward pressing auxiliary cylinders are arranged on the press frame, and the output ends act on the lower pressing plate.

3. The automatic hot and cold pressing forming machine for brake shoes according to claim 2, wherein, The guiding mechanism is a four-column structure, and the four guide columns are respectively arranged at the four corners of the press frame and fixed to the press base at the bottom.

4. The automatic hot and cold pressing forming machine for brake shoes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The four-column structure is a rectangular structure. The press frame, the lower pressing plate and the press base are rectangular structures. The side of the long side of the rectangle where the column is located is the side where the sliding bottom die is pushed out; the downward pressing main cylinder and the downward pressing auxiliary cylinders are arranged in a line along the long side direction, and the downward pressing auxiliary cylinders are arranged in the middle of the short side columns; the middle die lifting cylinder is arranged in the middle of the short side columns.

5. The automatic hot and cold pressing forming machine for brake shoes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The middle die mechanism further includes a middle die push-out cylinder. The middle die push-out cylinder is arranged in the same column as the bottom die push-out cylinder, and the pushing direction and the pushing stroke are the same as those of the bottom die push-out cylinder; the sliding middle die slides and is pushed out along the slide rail brackets.

6. The automatic hot and cold pressing forming machine for brake shoes according to claim 1, wherein A plurality of brake shoe placement cavities are provided on the surface of the sliding bottom die. The placement cavities are linearly arranged for placing brake shoes; the sliding middle die is provided with a filling hole, and the filling hole is correspondingly arranged with the brake shoe placement cavity; the downward pressing die is correspondingly arranged with the filling hole. The downward pressing die, the filling hole and the brake shoe placement cavity are arranged in the same vertical direction and in the same direction along the guiding mechanism.

7. The automatic hot and cold pressing forming machine for brake shoes according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The automatic forming machine further includes an electric control box for controlling the movement of each cylinder.

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