Loess tunnel excavation device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel excavation, and particularly relates to a loess tunnel excavation device which comprises a core tube, a drilling mechanism and a supporting assembly, the drilling mechanism is movably arranged at the front end of the core tube, and the supporting assembly is movably arranged on the outer side of the core tube in a surrounding mode. The drilling mechanism can change the size in a self-adaptive mode according to excavation requirements, a hydraulic rod is adjusted to drive a pushing lantern ring to slide on a drilling rotating rod, and when the pushing lantern ring slides, a rotating lantern ring is driven to slide on the drilling rotating rod, so that a supporting rotating rod is pushed to be unfolded or folded, and the supporting rotating rod drives a cutter supporting rod to be unfolded or folded; therefore, the overall size of the drilling mechanism is changed to meet the excavation requirements of tunnels with different sizes; the supporting arc wall can support the inner wall of the tunnel in the drilling process, it is guaranteed that the inner wall of the tunnel cannot be peeled off or collapsed, and the technical problems in the technical background are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel excavation, and specifically refers to a loess tunnel excavation device. Background Art

[0002] During the construction of tunnels in loess areas, the vertical jointing, collapsibility and structural sensitivity of loess pose severe requirements on excavation equipment. Existing loess tunnel excavation devices have defects: First, their fixed sizes have poor adaptability. The structures of traditional equipment (such as roadheaders and small shield machines) are fixed, and parameters such as excavation diameter and boom length cannot be adjusted. Multiple sets of equipment or frequent disassembly and assembly are required to adapt to different tunnel sizes, resulting in increased costs, construction delays and mechanical failures, and low construction efficiency. Second, excavation is likely to damage the loess structure. The porous skeleton structure of loess has weak anti-disturbance ability. In existing mechanical cutting or impact operations, rigid components directly act on the surrounding rock, causing stress concentration. In hard plastic loess, cracks expand and spall due to vibration loads, and in soft plastic loess, excess pore water pressure is generated due to mechanical extrusion, resulting in a sudden drop in strength. In addition, existing equipment forcibly breaks the soil by increasing power, further exacerbating the damage to the self-stabilizing ability of the surrounding rock. In summary, due to insufficient size adjustment and structural protection of existing devices, there is an urgent need for a new excavation device that can dynamically adjust its size and protect the loess structure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a loess tunnel excavation device. The drilling mechanism can adaptively change its size according to excavation requirements, and the supporting arc wall can support the inner wall of the tunnel during drilling, ensuring that the inner wall of the tunnel will not spall or collapse, effectively solving the technical problems in the above technical background.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention provides a loess tunnel excavation device, including a core barrel. A drilling mechanism is movably arranged at the front end of the core barrel. A support assembly is movably arranged around the outside of the core barrel. Hydraulic boring rods are respectively fixed to the upper and lower ends of the inner side wall of the core barrel. A connecting push rod is arranged at the output end of the hydraulic boring rod. A core support shaft is fixed to the end of the connecting push rod. The core support shaft is arranged at the central axis position inside the core barrel. A drilling motor is fixed to the front end of the core support shaft. The drilling mechanism includes a drilling rotating rod, a tool support rod, a support rotating rod and a rotating collar. The rear end of the drilling rotating rod is connected to the output end of the drilling motor. The tool support rods are annularly arranged at the front end of the drilling rotating rod. One end of the tool support rod is rotatably connected to the front end of the drilling rotating rod. One end of the support rotating rod is rotatably connected to the other end of the tool support rod. The rotating collar is slidably sleeved on the side wall of the drilling rotating rod. The other end of the support rotating rod is rotatably connected to the rotating collar.

[0005] Furthermore, crushing cutter heads are rotatably arranged at intervals along the length direction on the outer side wall of the tool support rod.

[0006] Further, symmetrically fixed to the left and right ends of the side wall of the core support shaft are adjusting hydraulic rods. A pushing collar is connected between the output ends of the adjusting hydraulic rods. The pushing collar is slidably sleeved on the side wall of the drilling rotating rod, and the rotating collar is coaxially rotatably arranged on the front end face of the pushing collar.

[0007] Further, the support assembly includes support hydraulic rods and support arc walls. The support hydraulic rods are respectively fixedly arranged on the front, middle, and rear side walls of the core cylinder in an annular array. The support arc walls are respectively connected to the output ends of the support hydraulic rods, and the support arc walls surround the periphery of the core cylinder.

[0008] Further, moving rollers are respectively embedded and installed on the side walls of the support arc walls, and roller motors are fixedly arranged on the inner walls of the support arc walls. The output end of the roller motor is connected to the rotating shaft of the moving roller.

[0009] Further, a standing plate is fixedly arranged on the lower side inside the core cylinder. Along the length direction of the core cylinder, a conveying groove is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the side wall of the core cylinder. At the lower end inside the conveying groove, conveying roller shafts are arranged in an array. A conveyor belt is wound around the outside of the conveying roller shafts, and a conveying motor is arranged at the rotating shaft of the conveying roller shafts.

[0010] Further, a feeding hopper is connected to the front end of the conveying groove, and the feeding hopper is arranged below the rear side of the drilling mechanism.

[0011] Further, operation openings are symmetrically formed in the left and right side walls of the core cylinder along the length direction of the core cylinder.

[0012] Further, a main controller is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the core cylinder, and a control panel is arranged at the upper end of the main controller.

[0013] Further, the drilling motor, the tunneling hydraulic rod, the adjusting hydraulic rod, the conveying motor, the support hydraulic rod, the roller motor, and the control panel are respectively electrically connected to the main controller.

[0014] Further, the model of the main controller is Siemens S7-1200.

[0015] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention with the above structure are as follows: (1) The drilling mechanism can adaptively change its size according to the excavation requirements. The adjusting hydraulic rod drives the pushing collar to slide on the drilling rotating rod. When the pushing collar slides, it will drive the rotating collar to slide on the drilling rotating rod, thereby pushing the support rotating rod to expand or close. The support rotating rod will drive the tool support rod to expand or close, thereby changing the overall size of the drilling mechanism to meet the excavation requirements of tunnels of different sizes; (2) The drilling motor can drive the drilling rod to rotate, and the drilling rod drives the tool support rod to rotate. The crushing cutter head on the tool support rod can then crush the soil layer in front. At the same time, the tunneling hydraulic rod drives the connecting push rod to move forward, increasing the drilling range of the drilling mechanism. At this time, the rotating collar will rotate relative to the pushing collar. When the pushing collar drives the rotating collar to slide on the drilling rod, it will not affect the rotation of the drilling mechanism, ensuring that the drilling mechanism can still perform drilling work when adjusting its size. (3) The support hydraulic rod on the core tube can drive the support arc wall to open or retract, thereby changing the size of the support assembly. When carrying out the excavation work of the tunnel, the user can adjust the position of the support arc wall according to the specific tunnel size, so that the support arc wall can firmly support the inner wall of the tunnel, avoiding accidents such as spalling and collapse of the inner wall of the tunnel. (4) The loess crushed by the drilling mechanism will fall into the lower receiving hopper and be conveyed to the conveying trough by the conveyor belt until it reaches the rear end of the conveying trough, and then be transported and processed by the construction workers, achieving the technical effect of automatic loess handling. (5) The side wall of the support arc wall is provided with moving rollers, and the roller motor arranged on the inner wall of the support arc wall drives the moving rollers to rotate. When the support arc wall is attached to the inner wall of the tunnel, the moving rollers drive the support arc wall and the core tube to move forward through the friction with the inner wall of the tunnel. At the same time, the tunneling hydraulic rod drives the connecting push rod to retract, completing the forward movement of the entire device in preparation for the next drilling action. (6) The construction workers can stand on the standing board inside the core tube, send instructions to the main controller through the control panel, and control the operation of other mechanisms of the device through the main controller. The construction workers can also observe and handle the construction conditions outside the core tube through the operation port, improving the safety of the construction process. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a loess tunnel excavation device provided by the present invention; Figure 2 It is a top view of a loess tunnel excavation device provided by the present invention; Figure 3 It is Figure 2 The cross-sectional view in the A - A direction of Figure 4 It is a side view of a loess tunnel excavation device provided by the present invention; Figure 5 It is Figure 4 The cross-sectional view in the B - B direction of Figure 6 It is a schematic connection structural diagram of the drilling rod, tool support rod, crushing cutter head, support rod, rotating collar, drilling motor and adjusting hydraulic rod; Figure 7Schematic diagram of the rear side structure of a loess tunnel excavation device provided by the present invention.

[0017] Among them, 1. Core cylinder, 11. Core support shaft, 111. Drilling motor, 12. Tunneling hydraulic rod, 121. Connecting push rod, 13. Adjusting hydraulic rod, 131. Pushing collar, 14. Standing plate, 15. Conveyor trough, 151. Conveyor roller shaft, 1511. Conveyor belt, 152. Feeding hopper, 16. Operation port, 2. Drilling mechanism, 21. Drilling rotating rod, 22. Tool support rod, 23. Crushing cutter head, 24. Support rotating rod, 25. Rotating collar, 3. Support assembly, 31. Support hydraulic rod, 32. Support arc wall, 33. Moving roller, 331. Roller motor, 4. Main controller, 41. Control panel. Detailed implementation manners

[0018] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0020] Please refer to Figures 1-7 , a loess tunnel excavation device in this embodiment includes a core cylinder 1, a drilling mechanism 2 and a support assembly 3. The drilling mechanism 2 is movably arranged at the front end of the core cylinder 1, and the support assembly 3 is movably arranged around the outside of the core cylinder 1.

[0021] On the upper and lower ends of the inner side wall of the core cylinder 1, tunneling hydraulic rods 12 are respectively fixedly arranged. The output end of the tunneling hydraulic rod 12 is provided with a connecting push rod 121. The end of the connecting push rod 121 is fixedly provided with a core support shaft 11. The core support shaft 11 is arranged at the central axis position inside the core cylinder 1. The front end of the core support shaft 11 is fixedly provided with a drilling motor 111. On the lower side inside the core cylinder 1, a standing plate 14 is fixedly arranged. On the left and right ends of the side wall of the core support shaft 11, adjusting hydraulic rods 13 are symmetrically and fixedly arranged. A pushing collar 131 is connected between the output ends of the adjusting hydraulic rods 13; At the lower end of the side wall of the core tube 1, a conveying groove 15 is fixedly arranged along the length direction of the core tube 1. At the lower end inside the conveying groove 15, conveying roller shafts 151 are arranged in an array. A conveyor belt 1511 is arranged around the outer side of the conveying roller shafts 151. A conveying motor is arranged at the rotating shaft of the conveying roller shafts 151. The front end of the conveying groove 15 is connected with a receiving hopper 152. The receiving hopper 152 is arranged below the rear side of the drilling mechanism 2. Operation openings 16 are symmetrically arranged along the length direction on the left and right side walls of the core tube 1.

[0022] The drilling mechanism 2 includes a drilling rotating rod 21, a tool support rod 22, a support rotating rod 24 and a rotating collar 25. The rear end of the drilling rotating rod 21 is connected to the output end of the drilling motor 111. The tool support rods 22 are arranged in an annular array at the front end of the drilling rotating rod 21. One end of the tool support rod 22 is rotatably connected to the front end of the drilling rotating rod 21. One end of the support rotating rod 24 is rotatably connected to the other end of the tool support rod 22. The rotating collar 25 is slidably sleeved on the side wall of the drilling rotating rod 21. The other end of the support rotating rod 24 is rotatably connected to the rotating collar 25. Crushing cutter heads 23 are rotatably arranged in an array along the length direction on the outer side wall of the tool support rod 22. The pushing collar 131 is slidably sleeved on the side wall of the drilling rotating rod 21. The rotating collar 25 is coaxially rotatably arranged on the front end face of the pushing collar 131. The support assembly 3 includes support hydraulic rods 31 and support arc walls 32. The support hydraulic rods 31 are respectively fixedly arranged in an annular array on the front, middle and rear side walls of the core tube 1. The support arc walls 32 are respectively connected to the output ends of the support hydraulic rods 31. The support arc walls 32 surround the periphery of the core tube 1. Moving rollers 33 are respectively embedded and installed on the side walls of the support arc walls 32. Roller motors 331 are fixedly arranged on the inner walls of the support arc walls 32. The output end of the roller motor 331 is connected to the rotating shaft of the moving roller 33.

[0023] A main controller 4 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the core tube 1. A control panel 41 is arranged at the upper end of the main controller 4.

[0024] The drilling motor 111, the tunneling hydraulic rod 12, the adjusting hydraulic rod 13, the conveying motor, the support hydraulic rod 31, the roller motor 331 and the control panel 41 are respectively electrically connected to the main controller 4.

[0025] The specific implementation manner of this embodiment is as follows: The user transports this device to the position of the loess surface that needs to be excavated through a transportation device. Relevant construction workers enter the standing plate 14 inside the core tube 1, move together with the device, and send instructions to the main controller 4 through the control panel 41. The main controller 4 controls the operation of other mechanisms of the device to realize the automatic operation process of the device.

[0026] First, the operator determines the size of the tunnel to be excavated, and then adjusts the size of the drilling mechanism 2 through the control panel 41. The drilling mechanism 2 can adaptively change its size according to the excavation requirements. The main controller 4 activates the adjusting hydraulic rod 13, and the adjusting hydraulic rod 13 drives the pushing collar 131 to slide on the drilling rotating rod 21. When the pushing collar 131 slides, it will drive the rotating collar 25 to slide on the drilling rotating rod 21, thereby pushing the supporting rotating rod 24 to expand or close. The supporting rotating rod 24 drives the tool supporting rod 22 to expand or close, thus changing the overall size of the drilling mechanism 2 to meet the excavation requirements of tunnels of different sizes.

[0027] During the excavation operation, the main controller 4 activates the drilling motor 111. The drilling motor 111 can drive the drilling rotating rod 21 to rotate, and the drilling rotating rod 21 drives the tool supporting rod 22 to rotate. The crushing cutter head 23 on the tool supporting rod 22 can then crush the soil layer in front. At the same time, the main controller 4 controls the tunneling hydraulic rod 12 to start, and the tunneling hydraulic rod 12 drives the connecting push rod 121 to move forward, increasing the drilling range of the drilling mechanism 2. At this time, the rotating collar 25 will rotate relative to the pushing collar 131. When adjusting the size of the drilling mechanism 2, the pushing collar 131 driving the rotating collar 25 to slide on the drilling rotating rod 21 will not affect the rotation of the drilling mechanism 2, ensuring that the drilling mechanism 2 can still perform drilling work after the size adjustment; the loess crushed by the drilling mechanism 2 will fall into the lower receiving hopper 152 and be conveyed to the conveying trough 15 by the conveyor belt 1511 until it is transported to the rear end of the conveying trough 15, and then the construction workers will carry out subsequent transportation and processing, achieving the technical effect of automatically transporting the loess.

[0028] The supporting hydraulic rod 31 on the core tube 1 can drive the supporting arc wall 32 to open or retract, thereby changing the size of the supporting assembly 3. During the tunnel excavation work, the operator can adjust the position of the supporting arc wall 32 according to the specific tunnel size. The main controller 4 drives the supporting arc wall 32 to move towards the tunnel inner wall, so that the outer surface of the supporting arc wall 32 contacts the tunnel inner wall and presses against the tunnel inner wall. During the excavation process of the drilling mechanism 2, the supporting arc wall 32 can firmly support the tunnel inner wall to prevent accidents such as spalling and collapse of the tunnel inner wall; the construction workers can also observe the construction conditions outside the core tube 1 through the operation port 16 and deal with emergencies in a timely manner. At the same time, during the tunnel excavation process, the construction workers can carry out manual reinforcement operations on the tunnel inner wall according to the actual construction requirements, such as pouring concrete retaining walls and other measures to improve the safety of the construction process.

[0029] The side wall of the supporting arc wall 32 is provided with moving rollers 33, and a roller motor 331 arranged on the inner wall of the supporting arc wall 32 drives the moving rollers 33 to rotate. When the supporting arc wall 32 is attached to the inner wall of the tunnel, and at the same time the drilling mechanism 2 has drilled a certain distance forward, at this time the main controller 4 starts the roller motor 331, the moving rollers 33 rotate, and the moving rollers 33 drive the supporting arc wall 32 and the core barrel 1 to move forward through the friction force between the moving rollers 33 and the inner wall of the tunnel. At the same time, the tunneling hydraulic rod 12 drives the connecting push rod 121 to retract, completing the forward movement of the entire device to prepare for the next drilling operation.

[0030] The above is the overall working process of the present invention. Just repeat these steps when using it next time.

[0031] The present invention and its implementation manners have been described above. This description is not restrictive. What is shown in the drawings is only one of the implementation manners of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. All in all, if those of ordinary skill in the art are inspired by it and without departing from the gist of the present invention, and design similar structural modes and embodiments to this technical solution without creative efforts, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A loess tunnel excavation device, characterized in that: It includes a core tube (1), a drilling mechanism (2) is movably arranged at the front end of the core tube (1), a support assembly (3) is movably arranged around the outside of the core tube (1), upper and lower ends of the inner side wall of the core tube (1) are respectively fixedly provided with tunneling hydraulic rods (12), a connecting push rod (121) is arranged at the output end of the tunneling hydraulic rod (12), a core support shaft (11) is fixedly arranged at the end of the connecting push rod (121), the core support shaft (11) is arranged at the position of the central axis inside the core tube (1), a drilling motor (111) is fixedly arranged at the front end of the core support shaft (11), the drilling mechanism (2) includes a drilling rotating rod (21), a tool support rod (22), a support rotating rod (24) and a rotating collar (25), the rear end of the drilling rotating rod (21) is connected to the output end of the drilling motor (111), the tool support rods (22) are arranged in a circular array at the front end of the drilling rotating rod (21), one end of the tool support rod (22) is rotatably connected to the front end of the drilling rotating rod (21), one end of the support rotating rod (24) is rotatably connected to the other end of the tool support rod (22), the rotating collar (25) is slidably sleeved on the side wall of the drilling rotating rod (21), and the other end of the support rotating rod (24) is rotatably connected to the rotating collar (25).

2. The loess tunnel excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Crushing cutter heads (23) are rotatably arranged in an array along the length direction on the outer side wall of the tool support rod (22).

3. The loess tunnel excavation device according to claim 2, wherein: Adjusting hydraulic rods (13) are symmetrically and fixedly arranged at the left and right ends of the side wall of the core support shaft (11), a pushing collar (131) is connected between the output ends of the adjusting hydraulic rods (13), the pushing collar (131) is slidably sleeved on the side wall of the drilling rotating rod (21), and the rotating collar (25) is coaxially and rotatably arranged on the front end face of the pushing collar (131).

4. The loess tunnel excavation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The support assembly (3) includes support hydraulic rods (31) and support arc walls (32), the support hydraulic rods (31) are respectively fixedly arranged in a circular array on the front, middle and rear side walls of the core tube (1), the support arc walls (32) are respectively connected to the output ends of the support hydraulic rods (31), and the support arc walls (32) are arranged around the periphery of the core tube (1).

5. The loess tunnel excavation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Moving rollers (33) are respectively embedded and installed on the side walls of the support arc walls (32), roller motors (331) are fixedly arranged on the inner walls of the support arc walls (32), and the output ends of the roller motors (331) are connected to the rotating shafts of the moving rollers (33).

6. The loess tunnel excavation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A standing plate (14) is fixedly arranged at the lower side inside the core tube (1), a conveying groove (15) is fixedly arranged along the length direction of the core tube (1) at the lower end of the side wall of the core tube (1), conveying roller shafts (151) are arranged in an array at the lower end inside the conveying groove (15), a conveyor belt (1511) is arranged around the outside of the conveying roller shafts (151), and a conveying motor is arranged at the rotating shaft of the conveying roller shaft (151).

7. The loess tunnel excavation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A receiving hopper (152) is connected to the front end of the conveying groove (15), and the receiving hopper (152) is arranged below the rear side of the drilling mechanism (2).

8. The loess tunnel excavation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The left and right side walls of the core tube (1) are symmetrically provided with operation openings (16) along the length direction of the core tube (1).

9. The loess tunnel excavation device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A main controller (4) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the core tube (1), and a control panel (41) is arranged at the upper end of the main controller (4).

10. The loess tunnel excavation device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The drilling motor (111), the tunneling hydraulic rod (12), the adjusting hydraulic rod (13), the conveying motor, the supporting hydraulic rod (31), the roller motor (331) and the control panel (41) are respectively electrically connected to the main controller (4).

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