Self-adjusting underground communication structure

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground exploration communication, and particularly relates to a self-adjusting underground communication structure, which comprises a rotary electrical transmission part, the rotary electrical transmission part comprises a rotary connecting cone, and the rotary connecting cone is provided with a conical surface; the floating electrical transmission part comprises a fixed connection cup, and a conical groove is formed in the end face, opposite to the conical face, of the fixed connection cup. According to the self-adjusting underground communication structure in the technical scheme, the rotary connecting cone is arranged in an unlimited manner in the circumferential direction, and the fixed connecting cup cannot rotate, so that when the head end of the rotating mechanism rotates, the rotary conical surface on the rotary connecting cone is in contact with the non-rotary conical groove in the fixed connecting cup, and the fixed connecting cup cannot rotate; when current is transmitted at the head end and the tail end of the rotating mechanism, one-end rotating dynamic electrical transmission is converted into static electrical output.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of underground exploration, and in particular relates to a self-adjusting underground communication structure. Background Art

[0002] Underground exploration refers to the activities of geological and resource surveys and data collection in underground environments, usually used for the exploration and development of mineral resources such as oil, natural gas, and coal. Communication devices are an indispensable technical means in underground exploration and resource development, with important significance such as real-time data transmission, improved work safety, remote control and automation.

[0003] Traditional communication devices are static devices, and the communication device is arranged separately from the rotating structure. The overall mechanism occupies a large space, and an additional temperature-resistant and pressure-bearing protection structure is required for the static communication device in the underground environment, which has a high risk of failure. This has prompted the development trend of combining the transmission mechanism and the communication device into one. When the transmission mechanism and the communication device are combined into one, how to achieve real-time communication without affecting the rotation of the equipment is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims at solving the problems in the prior art and proposes the following technical solutions:

[0005] A self-adjusting underground communication structure, comprising:

[0006] A rotating electrical transmission part, the rotating electrical transmission part comprises a sliding spindle axially penetrating the middle, a flexible shaft assembled inside the sliding spindle through a bearing, and a conductive rod assembled inside the flexible shaft, wherein the contact end of the conductive rod axially extends to the outside of the flexible shaft and is equipped with a rotating connection cone, and the rotating connection cone has a conical surface;

[0007] A floating electrical transmission part, the floating electrical transmission part comprises a keyed pre-tightening nut which does not rotate in the circumferential direction, and a second connector which penetrates the keyed pre-tightening nut and does not rotate in the circumferential direction, wherein a fixed connection cup is assembled at the contact end of the second connector, and a tapered groove is arranged on the end surface of the fixed connection cup which is opposite to the tapered surface;

[0008] Among them, one end of the sliding spindle is inserted between connector 2 and the keyed pre-tightening nut, and cooperates with the keyed pre-tightening nut thread. At this time, the conical surface is inserted into the inside of the conical groove. When the head end of the rotating mechanism rotates, it drives the flexible shaft, the inner ring of the bearing, the conductive rod and the rotating connection cone to rotate, and the rotating conical surface contacts the non-rotating conical groove.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, a plurality of annular grooves 1 are arranged on the inner wall of the conical groove, and a step ring is formed between two adjacent annular grooves 1, so that a plurality of step rings are in contact with the conical surface of the rotating connection cone and the conical groove of the fixed connection cup;

[0010] The inner cavity of the sliding mandrel is filled with oil, and the oil seeps into each ring groove one.

[0011] As an optimization of the above technical solution, a pre-tightening insulating cylinder is sleeved on the second connector. One end of the pre-tightening insulating cylinder covers and fixedly connects the cup, and there is a gap one for accommodating the sliding mandrel between the pre-tightening insulating cylinder and the keyed pre-tightening nut. The other end of the pre-tightening insulating cylinder penetrates through the closed end of the keyed pre-tightening nut;

[0012] The middle part of the pre-tightening insulating cylinder radially contracts inward and there is a gap two between the pre-tightening insulating cylinder and the sliding mandrel. A gasket and a disc spring are assembled in the gap two. After one end of the sliding mandrel is inserted into the gap one and is in threaded cooperation with the keyed pre-tightening nut, the disc spring is axially compressed to squeeze the fixedly connected cup and the rotary connection cone to fit closely.

[0013] As an optimization of the above technical solution, a conductive rod support and an insulating coupling are successively sleeved at the position between the rotary connection cone and the flexible shaft. One end of the conductive rod support axially extends and inserts into the interior of the flexible shaft. The two ends of the insulating coupling respectively cover and are connected to the ends of the rotary connection cone and the flexible shaft;

[0014] A step one is radially extended inward in the middle of the sliding mandrel. Two groups of bearings are provided and are respectively distributed on both sides of the step one. The flexible shaft is in threaded cooperation with a pre-tightening nut. One group of bearings is axially fixed to the flexible shaft and abuts against the step one. One group of bearings is not axially fixed to the flexible shaft and abuts against the step one after being locked by the pre-tightening nut. The keyed pre-tightening nut squeezes the gasket, the disc spring, the pre-tightening insulating cylinder, the fixedly connected cup, the rotary connection cone, the conductive rod support, and the insulating coupling on the end face of the pre-tightening nut.

[0015] As an optimization of the above technical solution, a flat opening four is provided on the rotary connection cone, and a flat opening five is provided on the insulating coupling. The flat opening four is installed in the flat opening five to prevent the rotation of the rotary connection cone and the insulating coupling;

[0016] A pin one is provided on the sliding mandrel, and a notch four is opened on the pre-tightening insulating cylinder. The pin one is inserted into the interior of the notch four to prevent the rotation of the pre-tightening insulating cylinder and the sliding mandrel;

[0017] A flat opening one is provided on the second connector, and a flat opening eight is provided on the inner wall of the middle part of the pre-tightening insulating cylinder. The flat opening one and the flat opening eight cooperate to prevent the rotation of the second connector and the pre-tightening insulating cylinder;

[0018] A flat opening three is provided on the fixedly connected cup, and a flat opening two is provided on the pre-tightening insulating cylinder. The flat opening three and the flat opening two cooperate to prevent the rotation of the fixedly connected cup and the pre-tightening insulating cylinder.

[0019] As an optimization of the above technical solution, the keyed pre-tightening nut is sleeved with and axially slidably fitted with a mechanical compensator housing, the mechanical compensator housing axially extends to cover the middle part of the sliding mandrel, and a bushing is assembled between the sliding mandrel and the mechanical compensator housing;

[0020] The floating electrical transmission part further includes a fixed-position conductive centering cylinder, a conductive spring arranged inside the conductive centering cylinder, a connector I with one end inserted into the inside of the conductive centering cylinder and threadedly fitted therewith, and an insulating locking nut sleeved on the other end of the connector I and threadedly fitted therewith. Both ends of the conductive spring are respectively connected to the connector I and the connector II. A spiral groove I is provided at the position of the connector I corresponding to the conductive spring, a spiral groove II is provided at the position of the connector II corresponding to the conductive spring, and the end of the connector II cooperating with the conductive spring is located inside the conductive centering cylinder.

[0021] As an optimization of the above technical solution, it further includes a base centering device threadedly and hermetically fitted with the outer ring of the mechanical compensator housing, and an oil compensator housing threadedly and hermetically fitted with the inner ring of the mechanical compensator housing. The base centering device and the oil compensator housing are respectively distributed on both sides of the mechanical compensator housing, and the base centering device axially extends to axially slidably and hermetically cooperate with the sliding sealing surface of the sliding mandrel;

[0022] The end of the oil compensator housing located inside the mechanical compensator housing radially extends inwards to form a second step. An axially distributed compensator sleeve is provided in the oil compensator housing. One end of the compensator sleeve abuts against the second step, and the other end radially extends outwards to form a boss threadedly and hermetically fitted with the inner wall of the oil compensator housing. An upper insulating cylinder covering the conductive centering cylinder, the connector II, and the end of the insulating locking nut is provided inside the compensator sleeve;

[0023] A balance piston assembly is sleeved on the compensator sleeve, and a spring with both ends respectively connected to the boss and the balance piston assembly. The balance piston assembly slidably and hermetically cooperates with the outer sealing surface I of the compensator sleeve and the inner wall of the oil compensator housing. A cavity A is formed between the balance piston assembly and the second step, and a cavity B is formed between the balance piston assembly and the boss. A through hole I communicating the cavity A and the inner cavity of the mechanical compensator housing is provided on the second step, and a through hole II communicating the cavity B with the outside is provided on the oil compensator housing. The balance piston assembly moves back and forth in the oil compensator housing by using the pressure difference change to achieve pressure balance.

[0024] Preferably, as the above technical solution, an oil injection port is provided on the sliding mandrel, and an NPT screw is threadedly engaged with the oil injection port. Insulating hydraulic oil is injected into the oil injection port, and the oil flows along the flexible shaft into the inner cavity of the sliding mandrel. It flows through the through hole five radially formed on the insulating coupling to the conductive rod bracket, and fills the inner cavity of the flexible shaft through the notch five axially distributed on the conductive rod bracket. The oil in the inner cavity of the sliding mandrel flows through the through hole four radially formed on the rotary connection cone to the annular groove one of the fixed connection cup;

[0025] The oil in the inner cavity of the sliding mandrel flows through the notch four axially distributed on the pre-tightening insulating cylinder to the disc spring, passes through the notch three axially distributed on the gasket and the through hole three axially formed on the keyed pre-tightening nut, and enters the mechanical housing compensator. The oil fills the inner cavity of the mechanical housing compensator to increase the oil injection pressure. The oil passes through the through hole one of the oil compensator housing to push the balance piston assembly to compress the spring and move.

[0026] Preferably, as the above technical solution, the balance piston assembly includes a main body ring. A sealing ring three and a sealing ring five that are in sealing sliding fit with the sealing surface one are arranged on the inner wall of the main body ring, and a sealing ring two and a sealing ring four that are in sliding sealing fit with the oil compensator housing are arranged on the outer wall of the main body ring;

[0027] High-pressure sealing is achieved between the oil compensator housing and the compensator sleeve through a sealing ring one, and a ring groove four corresponding to the sealing ring one is provided on the compensator sleeve;

[0028] High-pressure sealing is achieved between the oil compensator housing and the mechanical compensator housing through a sealing ring six;

[0029] High-pressure sealing is achieved between the mechanical compensator housing and the base aligner through a sealing ring seven;

[0030] Sliding sealing in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment is achieved between the base aligner and the sliding sealing surface through mating sealing rings eight and nine. A ring groove two is provided at the position of the base aligner corresponding to the sealing ring eight, and a ring groove three is provided at the position corresponding to the sealing ring nine.

[0031] Preferably, as the above technical solution, a centering ring one is provided at the position of the main body ring between the sealing ring three and the sealing ring five, a centering ring two is provided at the position of the main body ring between the sealing ring two and the sealing ring four, and radially penetrating pressure balance holes are provided at the positions of the main body ring corresponding to the centering ring one and the centering ring two, so that the pressure inside and outside is the same when the balance piston assembly moves;

[0032] A centralizer three is provided at the position between the eighth sealing ring and the ninth sealing ring of the base centralizer. A fifth annular groove is provided at the position corresponding to the centralizer three on the base centralizer. A sixth through hole penetrating radially is provided at the position corresponding to the fifth annular groove of the base centralizer, so that the internal and external pressures are consistent when the base centralizer moves.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0034] 1. In a self-adjusting downhole communication structure in the present technical solution, the combined mechanism of the conductive rod, the flexible shaft and the rotating connection cone is unrestricted in the circumferential direction, and the combined mechanism of the second connector, the fixed connection cup and the keyed pre-tightening nut is restricted from rotating in the circumferential direction. When the first end of the rotating mechanism rotates, it drives the flexible shaft, the inner ring of the bearing, the conductive rod and the rotating connection cone to rotate. The rotating conical surface on the rotating connection cone contacts the non-rotating conical groove on the fixed connection cup, realizing the function of converting the rotating dynamic electrical transmission at one end into a static electrical output when transmitting current at both ends of the rotating mechanism, and solving the problem in the prior art of how to achieve real-time communication without affecting the rotation of the equipment when the transmission mechanism and the communication device are integrated.

[0035] 2. In a self-adjusting downhole communication structure in the present technical solution, the communication device is assembled inside the rotating mechanism, integrating the communication device and the rotating mechanism, which solves the problem of the communication device and the mechanical structure occupying separate space; at the same time, assembling the communication device inside the rotating mechanism enables the communication device to have a pressure-bearing protection effect without the need to additionally make a temperature-resistant and pressure-bearing protection structure for the communication device, with a small failure risk.

[0036] 3. In a self-adjusting downhole communication structure in the present application, affected by the change of the pressure difference between the downhole environment pressure and the oil pressure inside the rotating mechanism, the flexible shaft undergoes axial displacement inside the rotating structure; the position change information of the contact end of the flexible shaft is fed back to the upper control device to adjust the magnitude and frequency of the communication transmission current, realizing the adjustment of the rotation parameters (rotation speed, frequency) of the rotating mechanism. This mechanical monitoring method and the electronic monitoring method of the high-temperature and high-pressure sensor inside the instrument form a double guarantee. A self-adjusting downhole communication structure in the present application has the function of mechanically monitoring the downhole environment pressure and can well solve the problem that the rotation parameters of the rotating mechanism cannot be adjusted in real time according to the environmental pressure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a self-adjusting downhole communication structure in Embodiment 1;

[0038] Figure 2 FIG. 2 shows a schematic internal structure diagram of a self-adjusting downhole communication structure in Embodiment 1;

[0039] Figure 3 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the oil compensator housing in Embodiment 1;

[0040] Figure 4 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of Connector 1 in Embodiment 1;

[0041] Figure 5 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the upper insulating cylinder in Embodiment 1;

[0042] Figure 6 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of Connector 2 in Embodiment 1;

[0043] Figure 7 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the balance piston assembly in Embodiment 1;

[0044] Figure 8 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the mechanical compensator housing in Embodiment 1;

[0045] Figure 9 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the keyed pre-tightening nut in Embodiment 1;

[0046] Figure 10 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the gasket in Embodiment 1;

[0047] Figure 11 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the pre-tightening insulating cylinder in Embodiment 1;

[0048] Figure 12 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the fixed connection cup in Embodiment 1;

[0049] Figure 13 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the rotary connection cone in Embodiment 1;

[0050] Figure 14 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the conductive rod bracket in Embodiment 1;

[0051] Figure 15 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the insulating coupling in Embodiment 1;

[0052] Figure 16 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the pre-tightening nut in Embodiment 1;

[0053] Figure 17 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the sliding mandrel in Embodiment 1;

[0054] Figure 18 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the base aligner in Embodiment 1;

[0055] Figure 19 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the insulating lock nut in Embodiment 1;

[0056] Figure 20 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the compensator sleeve in Embodiment 1.

[0057] Reference numerals:

[0058] Sealing ring 1 01; oil compensator housing 02; through hole 1 021; thread 1 022; through hole 2 023; thread 2 024; step 2 025; connector 1 03; thread 3 031; thread 4 032; spiral groove 1 033; spring 04; upper insulating cylinder 05; notch 1 051; flange 1 052; conductive spring 06; conductive centering cylinder 07; connector 2 08; spiral groove 2 081; flat notch 1 082; thread 5 083; balance piston assembly 09; sealing ring 3 091; sealing ring 2 092; centering ring 1 093; centering ring 2 094; sealing ring 4 095; sealing ring 5 096; pressure balance hole 097; sealing ring 6 10; mechanical compensator housing 11; thread 6 111; thread 7 112; notch 2 113; keyed preloading nut 12; key 1 121; through hole 3 122; thread 14 123; gasket 13; notch 3 131; disc spring 14; preloading insulating cylinder 15; notch 4 151; flat notch 2 152; fixed connection cup 16; thread 7 161; ring groove 1 162; flat notch 3 163; rotating connection cone 17; flat notch 4 171; thread 8 172; through hole 4 173; conductive rod support 18; notch 5 181; insulating coupling 19; through hole 5 191; flat notch 5 192; preloading nut 20; conductive rod 21; flexible shaft 22; bearing 23; bushing 24; sliding mandrel 25; step 1 251; thread 10 252; pin 1 253; thread 11 254; sliding sealing surface 255; base centering device 26; ring groove 2 261; ring groove 3 262; ring groove 5 263; through hole 6 264; insulating locking nut 27; thread 12 271; compensator sleeve 28; ring groove 4 281; sealing surface 1 282; thread 13 283; sealing ring 7 29; sealing ring 8 30; centering ring 3 31; sealing ring 9 32. Detailed implementation manners

[0059] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0060] Embodiment 1

[0061] As Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 12 、 Figure 17As shown in the figure, a self - adjusting downhole communication structure includes a rotating electrical transmission part. The rotating electrical transmission part includes a sliding mandrel 25 with an axial through - hole in the middle, a flexible shaft 22 assembled inside the sliding mandrel 25 through a bearing 23, and a conductive rod 21 assembled inside the flexible shaft 22. The contact end of the conductive rod 21 axially extends outside the flexible shaft 22 and is assembled with a rotary connection cone 17. The conductive rod 21 is in threaded fit with the thread eight 172 formed on the rotary connection cone 17, that is, the conductive rod 21 is thread - assembled with the rotary connection cone 17. The rotary connection cone 17 has a conical surface;

[0062] A floating electrical transmission part. The floating electrical transmission part includes a keyed pre - tightening nut 12 that does not rotate circumferentially, and a connector two 08 that passes through the keyed pre - tightening nut 12 and does not rotate circumferentially. The contact end of the connector two 08 is assembled with a fixed connection cup 16. The thread five 083 formed on the connector two 08 is in threaded fit with the thread seven 161 formed on the fixed connection cup 16, that is, the connector two 08 is thread - assembled with the fixed connection cup 16. A conical groove is provided on the end face of the fixed connection cup 16 opposite to the conical surface;

[0063] Among them, one end of the sliding mandrel 25 is inserted between the connector two 08 and the keyed pre - tightening nut 12 and is in threaded fit with the keyed pre - tightening nut 12. Specifically, the thread fourteen 123 formed on the keyed pre - tightening nut 12 is in threaded fit with the thread eleven 254 formed on the sliding mandrel 25. At this time, the conical surface is inserted into the conical groove. When the head end of the rotating mechanism rotates, it drives the flexible shaft 22, the inner ring of the bearing 23, the conductive rod 21, and the rotary connection cone 17 to rotate. The rotating conical surface contacts the non - rotatable conical groove.

[0064] In a self - adjusting downhole communication structure in this technical solution, the combined mechanism of the conductive rod 21, the flexible shaft 22, and the rotary connection cone 17 is unrestricted in the circumferential direction. Combined with the combined mechanism of the connector two 08, the fixed connection cup 16, and the keyed pre - tightening nut 12, which is restricted from rotating in the circumferential direction. When the head end of the rotating mechanism rotates, it drives the flexible shaft 22, the inner ring of the bearing 23, the conductive rod 21, and the rotary connection cone 17 to rotate. The rotating conical surface on the rotary connection cone 17 contacts the non - rotatable conical groove on the fixed connection cup 16, realizing the function of converting the rotating dynamic electrical transmission at one end to a static electrical output when transmitting current at both ends of the rotating mechanism, and solving the problem in the prior art of how to achieve real - time communication without affecting the rotation of the equipment when the transmission mechanism and the communication device are integrated.

[0065] In a self - adjusting downhole communication structure in this technical solution, the communication device is assembled inside the rotating mechanism, integrating the communication device with the rotating mechanism, which solves the problem of the communication device and the mechanical structure occupying separate space; at the same time, assembling the communication device inside the rotating mechanism enables the communication device to have a pressure - bearing protection effect without the need to additionally make a temperature - and pressure - resistant protection structure for the communication device, with a small failure risk.

[0066] To ensure smooth contact between the conical surface on the rotating connection cone 17 and the conical groove on the fixed connection cup 16, the present embodiment is further optimized as follows Figure 2 、 Figure 12 、 Figure 13 As shown, multiple first annular grooves 162 are provided on the inner wall of the conical groove. A stepped ring is formed between two adjacent first annular grooves 162. Multiple stepped - ring contacts are achieved between the conical surface of the rotating connection cone 17 and the conical groove of the fixed connection cup 16; the inclined - surface structure contact of multiple stepped rings can prevent jamming. The inner cavity of the sliding spindle 25 is filled with oil, and the oil seeps into each first annular groove 162, which can achieve temperature reduction and lubrication in the contact friction area, prevent overheating due to friction at low rotational speeds, and improve contact reliability.

[0067] To ensure stable contact between the conical surface on the rotating connection cone 17 and the conical groove on the fixed connection cup 16, the present embodiment is further optimized as follows Figure 2 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 10 、 Figure 11 、 Figure 12 、 Figure 17 As shown, the second connector 08 is sleeved with a pre - tightening insulating cylinder 15. One end of the pre - tightening insulating cylinder 15 covers the fixed connection cup 16 and there is a clearance one for accommodating the sliding spindle 25 between it and the keyed pre - tightening nut 12. The other end of the pre - tightening insulating cylinder 15 penetrates through the closed - end of the keyed pre - tightening nut 12. Referring to Figure 2 , the closed - end is the left end of the keyed pre - tightening nut 12.

[0068] The middle part of the pre - tightening insulating cylinder 15 radially contracts inward and there is a clearance two between it and the sliding spindle 25. A gasket 13 and a disc spring 14 are assembled in the clearance two. After one end of the sliding spindle 25 is inserted into the clearance one and thread - fitted with the keyed pre - tightening nut 12, the disc spring 14 is axially compressed to squeeze the fixed connection cup 16 and the rotating connection cone 17 to fit tightly. The fixed connection cup 16 realizes axial elastic pre - tightening under the combined action of the keyed pre - tightening nut 12, the gasket 13, the disc spring 14, the pre - tightening insulating cylinder 15 and the sliding spindle 25, making the fixed connection cup 16 closely adhere to the rotating connection cone 17, achieving stable contact between the conical surface on the rotating connection cone 17 and the conical groove on the fixed connection cup 16.

[0069] As Figure 2 、 Figure 14 、 Figure 15 、Figure 16 , Figure 17 As shown in Figure 17 , a conductive rod support 18 and an insulating coupling 19 are successively sleeved at the position of the conductive rod 21 between the rotary connection cone 17 and the flexible shaft 22. Among them, the conductive rod support 18 can rotate freely and axially move a small distance. One end of the conductive rod support 18 axially extends and inserts into the interior of the flexible shaft 22. Both ends of the insulating coupling 19 cover and are connected to the ends of the rotary connection cone 17 and the flexible shaft 22 respectively. The settings of the conductive rod support 18 and the insulating coupling 19 achieve the insulation isolation of the conductive rod 21 from the communication device housing during the electrical transmission process.

[0070] To solve the problem of the relative position between the sliding mandrel 25 and the flexible shaft 22 being fixed, a step 251 is formed by the middle part of the sliding mandrel 25 radially extending inwards. Two sets of bearings 23 are provided and are respectively distributed on both sides of the step 251. The flexible shaft 22 is in threaded fit with a pre-tightening nut 20. One set of bearings 23 is axially fixed to the flexible shaft 22 and abuts against the step 251. One set of bearings 23 is not axially fixed to the flexible shaft 22 and is locked by the pre-tightening nut 20 to abut against the step 251, realizing the stable assembly of the flexible shaft 22 inside the sliding mandrel 25. Among them, the keyed pre-tightening nut 12 presses the gasket 13, the disc spring 14, the pre-tightening insulating cylinder 15, the fixed connection cup 16, the rotary connection cone 17, the conductive rod support 18, and the insulating coupling 19 against the end face of the pre-tightening nut 20.

[0071] To ensure the stability of the assembly between the components in this embodiment, and thus ensure the reliability of the self-adjusting downhole communication structure during the working process, the present application is further optimized. As Figure 2 , Figure 13 , Figure 15 As shown in Figure 15 , a flat opening four 171 is provided on the rotary connection cone 17, and a flat opening five 192 is provided on the insulating coupling 19. The flat opening four 171 is installed in the flat opening five 192 to prevent the rotation of the rotary connection cone 17 and the insulating coupling 19; ensuring that the conductive rod 21 and the flexible shaft 22 drive the inner rings of the rotary connection cone 17, the conductive rod support 18, the insulating coupling 19, the pre-tightening nut 20, and the bearings 23 to rotate synchronously.

[0072] As Figure 2 , Figure 11 , Figure 17As shown, a first pin 253 is provided on the sliding mandrel 25, and a fourth notch 151 is formed on the pre-tightening insulating cylinder 15. The first pin 253 is inserted into the fourth notch 151 to prevent the pre-tightening insulating cylinder 15 and the sliding mandrel 25 from rotating; the cooperation between the first pin 253 and the fourth notch 151 is used to prevent the pre-tightening insulating cylinder 15 and the sliding mandrel 25 from rotating. After being connected to the keyed pre-tightening nut 12, the circumferential position of the sliding mandrel 25 is restricted, that is, the sliding mandrel 25 cannot rotate, avoiding the situation that the conductive rod 21 and the flexible shaft 22 drive the sliding mandrel 25 to rotate and cause loosening of the connection.

[0073] As Figure 2 , Figure 6 , Figure 11 shown, a first flat notch 082 is provided on the second connector 08, and an eighth flat notch is provided on the inner wall of the middle part of the pre-tightening insulating cylinder 15. The first flat notch 082 and the eighth flat notch cooperate to prevent the second connector 08 and the pre-tightening insulating cylinder 15 from rotating; as Figure 2 , Figure 12 , Figure 11 shown, a third flat notch 163 is provided on the fixed connection cup 16, and a second flat notch 152 is provided on the pre-tightening insulating cylinder 15. The third flat notch 163 and the second flat notch 152 cooperate to prevent the fixed connection cup 16 and the pre-tightening insulating cylinder 15 from rotating; the anti-rotation setting between the second connector 08 and the pre-tightening insulating cylinder 15, the anti-rotation setting between the fixed connection cup 16 and the pre-tightening insulating cylinder 15, the anti-rotation setting between the pre-tightening insulating cylinder 15 and the sliding mandrel 25, and the non-rotatability of the keyed pre-tightening nut 12 itself make the floating electrical transmission part maintain a stable non-rotatable state, ensuring the stable contact between the rotating conical surface on the rotating connection cone 17 and the non-rotatable conical groove on the fixed connection cup 16.

[0074] As the drilling depth changes, the downhole temperature and pressure also change accordingly. The rotational speed of the rotating mechanism needs to be adjusted according to the downhole environmental pressure. Therefore, the communication current for controlling the rotational speed needs to change in real time to change the rotational speed of the rotating mechanism, forming a feedback mechanism; this requires that the change in the downhole environmental pressure can cause the rotating mechanism to change its structure, resulting in a change in the transmitted current. In the prior art, the rotational speed cannot be adjusted in real time according to the position of the rotating mechanism. To solve this problem, a self-adjusting downhole communication structure in the present application is further optimized as follows:

[0075] As Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 19As shown, 12 keyed pre-tightening nuts are sleeved on and axially slidably fitted with the mechanical compensator housing 11. More specifically, to achieve the axial sliding fit between the keyed pre-tightening nut 12 and the mechanical compensator housing 11, axially distributed key 121 is provided on the keyed pre-tightening nut 12, and a notch 113 slidably fitted with the key 121 is provided on the inner wall of the mechanical compensator housing 11. The cooperation between the key 121 and the notch 113 limits the circumferential positions of the keyed pre-tightening nut 12 and the mechanical compensator housing 11 to prevent rotation, thereby achieving a sliding fit in the axial direction; the mechanical compensator housing 11 axially extends to cover the middle part of the sliding spindle 25, and a bushing 24 is assembled between the sliding spindle 25 and the mechanical compensator housing 11; when assembling the internal structure of the mechanical compensator housing 11, the mechanical compensator housing 11 is fixed and the sliding spindle 25 is rotated. Due to the threaded fit relationship between the sliding spindle 25 and the keyed pre-tightening nut 12, the keyed pre-tightening nut 12 moves along the axis until it is locked with the sliding spindle 25. The bearing 23 holds the flexible shaft 22, and the pre-tightening nut 20 is threadedly locked with the flexible shaft 22, pressing the bearing 23 on the step 251 of the sliding spindle 25. The keyed pre-tightening nut 12 presses the gasket 13, the disc spring 14, the pre-tightening insulating cylinder 15, the fixed connection cup 16, the rotating connection cone 17, the conductive rod bracket 18, and the insulating coupling 19 on the end face of the pre-tightening nut 20. At this time, under the elastic force of the compressed disc spring 14, the fixed connection cup 16 and the rotating connection cone 17 are tightly fitted together.

[0076] In a self-adjusting downhole communication structure in this application, affected by the pressure difference change between the downhole environmental pressure and the oil pressure in the rotating mechanism, the combined structure of the keyed pre-tightening nut 12 and the sliding spindle 25 axially slides under the restriction of the mechanical compensator housing 11, and the sliding spindle 25 drives the flexible shaft 22 to axially displace inside the rotating structure; the position change information of the contact end of the flexible shaft 22 is fed back to the upper control device to adjust the magnitude and frequency of the communication transmission current, so as to achieve the adjustment of the rotation parameters (rotation speed, frequency) of the rotating mechanism. This mechanical monitoring method and the electronic monitoring method of the high-temperature and high-pressure sensor in the instrument form a double guarantee. A self-adjusting downhole communication structure in this application has the function of mechanically monitoring the downhole environmental pressure and can well solve the problem that the rotation parameters of the rotating mechanism cannot be adjusted in real time according to the environmental pressure.

[0077] To solve the problem of enabling current transfer while the connector II 08 moves axially, the floating electrical transmission part further includes a fixed-position conductive centering cylinder 07, a conductive spring 06 disposed inside the conductive centering cylinder 07, a connector I 03 with one end inserted into the conductive centering cylinder 07 and threadedly engaged therewith, and an insulating locking nut 27 sleeved on the other end of the connector I 03 and threadedly engaged therewith. More specifically, the connector I 03 is threadedly engaged with the conductive centering cylinder 07 through a threaded portion 032, the threaded portion 271 provided on the insulating locking nut 27 is threadedly engaged with the threaded portion 031 provided on the connector I 03, both ends of the conductive spring 06 are respectively connected to the connector I 03 and the connector II 08. To ensure the stability of the connection between the conductive spring 06 and the connector I 03 and the connector II 08, a helical groove I 033 is provided at the position of the connector I 03 corresponding to the conductive spring 06, and a helical groove II 081 is provided at the position of the connector II 08 corresponding to the conductive spring 06. The end of the connector II 08 engaged with the conductive spring 06 is located inside the conductive centering cylinder 07 to prevent the connector II 08 from shifting during axial movement. When the sliding mandrel 25 drives the connector II 8 to move axially, the conductive spring 6 is compressed, and the current of the connector II 8 is transmitted to the connector I 03 through the compressed conductive spring 6 and then transmitted downward to achieve continuous electrical output in a floating state.

[0078] The change in the axial position of the sliding mandrel 25 is completed by means of the change in the pressure difference between the downhole environment and the oil pressure in the rotating mechanism. When the pressure difference between the downhole environment and the oil pressure in the rotating mechanism changes, the self-adjusting downhole communication structure will experience a pressure imbalance. In this regard, in combination with the setting of the change in the axial position of the sliding mandrel 25, the present application is further optimized. For example Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 17 、 Figure 18 、 Figure 20 As shown, a self-adjusting downhole communication structure further includes a base centering device 26 threadedly and sealingly engaged with the outer thread of the mechanical compensator housing 11, and an oil compensator housing 02 threadedly and sealingly engaged with the inner thread of the mechanical compensator housing 11. More specifically, the mechanical compensator housing 11 is threadedly engaged with the base centering device 26 through a threaded portion 111, the threaded portion 112 provided on the mechanical compensator housing 11 is threadedly engaged with the threaded portion 022 provided on the oil compensator housing 02. The base centering device 26 and the oil compensator housing 02 are respectively distributed on both sides of the mechanical compensator housing 11, and the axial extension of the base centering device 26 is in axial sliding and sealing engagement with the sliding sealing surface 255 of the sliding mandrel 25.

[0079] The end of the oil compensator housing 02 located inside the mechanical compensator housing 11 extends radially inward to form a second step 025. An axially distributed compensator sleeve 28 is provided in the oil compensator housing 02. One end of the compensator sleeve 28 abuts against the second step 025, and the other end extends radially outward to form a boss that is threadedly and sealedly fitted with the inner wall of the oil compensator housing 02. More specifically, a thirteenth thread 283 is provided on the boss and is threadedly fitted with a second thread 024 provided on the oil compensator housing 02. An upper insulating cylinder 05 that covers the conductive centralizer cylinder 07, the second connector 08, and the end of the insulating locking nut 27 is provided inside the compensator sleeve 28. A first flange 052 is provided at one end of the upper insulating cylinder 05. The upper insulating cylinder 05 is clamped and fixed by the insulating locking nut 27 and the compensator sleeve 28 through the first flange 052. A first notch 051 is provided on the main body of the insulating cylinder 05, so that the oil flows into the inside of the compensator sleeve 28 along the first notch 051, and the compensator sleeve 28 is supported by the oil pressure to avoid problems such as deformation under the action of external pressure.

[0080] A balance piston assembly 09 is sleeved on the compensator sleeve 28, and a spring 04 is connected to the boss and the balance piston assembly 09 at both ends. The balance piston assembly 09 is slidably and sealedly fitted with the outer sealing surface 282 of the compensator sleeve 28 and the inner wall of the oil compensator housing 02. A cavity A is formed between the balance piston assembly 09 and the second step 025, and a cavity B is formed between the balance piston assembly 09 and the boss. A first through hole 021 communicating the cavity A and the inner cavity of the mechanical compensator housing 11 is provided on the second step 025, and a second through hole 023 communicating the cavity B with the outside is provided on the oil compensator housing 02.

[0081] The inside of the self-adjusting downhole communication structure in this application is in a sealed state, and the inside of the self-adjusting downhole communication structure is filled with insulating hydraulic oil. When the external environmental pressure of the structure is greater than the internal oil pressure of the structure (plus the pressure of the conductive spring 06 and the spring 04), the sliding mandrel 25 moves inward into the mechanical compensator housing 11 due to the change in the pressure difference. At this time, the oil passes through the first through hole 021 of the oil compensator housing 02 and pushes the balance piston assembly 9 to compress the spring 4 and move to the left; when the pressure difference between the external environmental pressure of the structure and the internal oil pressure of the structure (plus the pressure of the conductive spring 06 and the spring 04) gradually decreases, the sliding mandrel 25 gradually moves outward from the mechanical compensator housing 11 due to the change in the pressure difference. At this time, the balance piston assembly 9 moves to the right, and the balance piston assembly 9 moves back and forth in the oil compensator housing 02 using the change in the pressure difference to achieve pressure balance.

[0082] The following further introduces the flow path of the insulating hydraulic oil inside the self-adjusting downhole communication structure in this application, which meets the setting that the inside of the self-adjusting downhole communication structure is filled with insulating hydraulic oil and the oil can flow, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 9 ,Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 , Figure 15 As shown, an oil injection port is provided on the sliding mandrel 25. An NPT screw is thread - matched with the thread ten 252 provided on the oil injection port. Insulating hydraulic oil is injected into the oil injection port. The oil flows along the flexible shaft 22 and enters the inner cavity of the sliding mandrel 25. It flows to the conductive rod support 18 through the radially - penetrating through - hole five 191 provided on the insulating coupling 19, and fills the inner cavity of the flexible shaft 22 through the axially - distributed notch five 181 provided on the conductive rod support 18. The oil in the inner cavity of the sliding mandrel 25 flows through the radially - penetrating through - hole four 173 provided on the rotary connection cone 17 to the annular groove one 162 of the fixed connection cup 16;

[0083] The oil in the inner cavity of the sliding mandrel 25 flows through the axially - distributed notch four 151 provided on the pre - tightening insulating cylinder 15 to the disc spring 14, passes through the axially - distributed notch three 131 provided on the gasket 13 and the axially - penetrating through - hole three 122 provided on the keyed pre - tightening nut 12, and enters the mechanical housing compensator 11. The oil fills the inner cavity of the mechanical housing compensator 11 to increase the oil injection pressure. The oil passes through the through - hole one 021 of the oil compensator housing 02 to push the balance piston assembly 9 to compress the spring 4 and move.

[0084] The inside of the self - adjusting downhole communication structure is in a sealed state. To meet the requirements of the sealed state, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 7 As shown, the balance piston assembly 09 that is slidably and sealingly fitted with the compensator sleeve 28 includes a main body ring. On the inner wall of the main body ring, there are provided a seal ring three 091 and a seal ring five 096 that are slidably and sealingly fitted with the sealing surface one 282. On the outer wall of the main body ring, there are provided a seal ring two 092 and a seal ring four 095 that are slidably and sealingly fitted with the oil compensator housing 02;

[0085] As Figure 2 , Figure 20 As shown, a high - pressure seal is achieved between the oil compensator housing 02 and the compensator sleeve 28 through the seal ring one 01. A ring groove four 281 corresponding to the seal ring one 01 is provided on the compensator sleeve 28; As Figure 2 As shown, a high - pressure seal is achieved between the oil compensator housing 02 and the mechanical compensator housing 11 through the seal ring six 10; As Figure 2 As shown, a high - pressure seal is achieved between the mechanical compensator housing 11 and the base centralizer 26 through the seal ring seven 29; As Figure 2 , Figure 17 , Figure 18As shown, between the base centralizer 26 and the sliding sealing surface 255, sliding seals in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment are achieved through mating sealing rings A 30 and sealing ring B 32. At the position of the base centralizer 26 corresponding to the sealing ring A 30, a second annular groove 261 is provided, and at the position corresponding to the sealing ring B 32, a third annular groove 262 is provided.

[0086] For the above-mentioned multiple sealing and mating positions, among them, between the balance piston assembly 09 and the oil compensator housing 02, and the compensator sleeve 28, and between the base centralizer 26 and the sliding mandrel 25, there are sliding seals. When the balance piston assembly 09 and the sliding mandrel 25 are driven to move under pressure difference, there is a difference in side pressure between the inner and outer rings, resulting in serious wear of the sealing parts due to excessive extrusion of the unilateral sealing ring and low service life. In response to this, as Figure 7 shown, at the position between the sealing ring C 091 and the sealing ring E 096 of the main body ring, a first centralizing ring 093 is provided, and at the position between the sealing ring B 092 and the sealing ring D 095 of the main body ring, a second centralizing ring 094 is provided. At the positions of the main body ring corresponding to the first centralizing ring 093 and the second centralizing ring 094, radially penetrating pressure balance holes 097 are provided, so that the pressure on the inner and outer sides is the same when the balance piston assembly 09 moves;

[0087] As Figure 18 shown, at the position between the sealing ring A 30 and the sealing ring B 32 of the base centralizer 26, a third centralizing ring 31 is provided. At the position of the base centralizer 26 corresponding to the third centralizing ring 31, a fifth annular groove 263 is provided. At the position of the base centralizer 26 corresponding to the fifth annular groove 263, a radially penetrating through hole six 264 is provided, so that the pressure on the inner and outer sides is the same when the base centralizer 26 moves.

[0088] When the balance piston assembly 09 and the sliding mandrel 25 are driven to move under pressure difference, the settings of the pressure balance holes 097 and the through hole six 264 make the pressure on the inner and outer sides of the balance piston assembly 09 and the base centralizer 26 the same, so that the compression of the inner and outer two-layer seals is consistent, avoiding uneven internal and external extrusion and serious wear of the sealing parts caused by excessive extrusion of the unilateral sealing ring during the sliding sealing process, thereby reducing the problem of the overall component sealing life.

[0089] In a self-adjusting downhole communication structure in this application, the contact part is beryllium copper with gold plating, and the metal surface is treated by shot peening, tungsten carbide, etc., with good erosion and corrosion resistance; the non-metallic dielectric body is made of Teflon and PEEK insulating materials, and the rubber part is made of fluororubber, with good adaptability to high-temperature and corrosion-resistant environments.

[0090] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it.

Claims

1. An automatic adjustment type downhole communication structure, characterized in that, including a rotating electrical transmission part, which includes a sliding mandrel axially penetrating through the middle, a flexible shaft assembled inside the sliding mandrel through bearings, and a conductive rod assembled inside the flexible shaft. The contact end of the conductive rod axially extends to the outside of the flexible shaft and is assembled with a rotating connection cone, and the rotating connection cone has a conical surface; a floating electrical transmission part, which includes a circumferentially non-rotating keyed pre-tightening nut and a connector II penetrating through the keyed pre-tightening nut and circumferentially non-rotating. The contact end of the connector II is assembled with a fixed connection cup, and a conical groove is provided on the end surface of the fixed connection cup opposite to the conical surface; wherein, one end of the sliding mandrel is inserted between the connector II and the keyed pre-tightening nut and is threadedly engaged with the keyed pre-tightening nut. At this time, the conical surface is inserted into the interior of the conical groove. When the first end of the rotating mechanism rotates, it drives the flexible shaft, the inner ring of the bearing, the conductive rod, and the rotating connection cone to rotate, and the rotating conical surface contacts the non-rotating conical groove.

2. The self-adjusting downhole communication structure according to claim 1, wherein A plurality of first annular grooves are provided on the inner wall of the conical groove, and a stepped ring is formed between two adjacent first annular grooves. Multiple stepped ring contacts are realized between the conical surface of the rotating connection cone and the conical groove of the fixed connection cup; The inner cavity of the sliding mandrel is filled with oil, and the oil seeps into each first annular groove.

3. The self-adjusting downhole communication structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connector II is sleeved with a pre-tightening insulating cylinder. One end of the pre-tightening insulating cylinder covers the fixed connection cup and has a first gap for accommodating the sliding mandrel between it and the keyed pre-tightening nut. The other end of the pre-tightening insulating cylinder penetrates through the closed end of the keyed pre-tightening nut; The middle part of the pre-tightening insulating cylinder radially contracts inward and has a second gap with the sliding mandrel. A gasket and a disc spring are assembled in the second gap. After one end of the sliding mandrel is inserted into the first gap and threadedly engaged with the keyed pre-tightening nut, the disc spring is axially compressed to squeeze the fixed connection cup and the rotating connection cone to fit tightly.

4. The self-adjusting downhole communication structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The conductive rod is sequentially sleeved with a conductive rod support and an insulating coupling at the position between the rotating connection cone and the flexible shaft. One end of the conductive rod support axially extends and inserts into the interior of the flexible shaft, and both ends of the insulating coupling cover and are connected to the ends of the rotating connection cone and the flexible shaft respectively; A first step is formed by the middle part of the sliding mandrel radially extending inward. Two groups of bearings are provided and are respectively distributed on both sides of the first step. The flexible shaft is threadedly engaged with a pre-tightening nut. One group of bearings is axially fixed with the flexible shaft and abuts against the first step, and one group of bearings is not axially fixed with the flexible shaft and is locked by the pre-tightening nut to abut against the first step. The keyed pre-tightening nut squeezes the gasket, the disc spring, the pre-tightening insulating cylinder, the fixed connection cup, the rotating connection cone, the conductive rod support, and the insulating coupling against the end surface of the pre-tightening nut.

5. The self-adjusting downhole communication structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, A flat notch IV is provided on the rotating connection cone, and a flat notch V is provided on the insulating coupling. The flat notch IV is installed in the flat notch V to prevent the rotation of the rotating connection cone and the insulating coupling; A pin I is provided on the sliding mandrel, and a notch IV is opened on the pre-tightening insulating cylinder. The pin I is inserted into the interior of the notch IV to prevent the rotation of the pre-tightening insulating cylinder and the sliding mandrel; A flat opening one is provided on the second connector, and a flat opening eight is provided on the inner wall of the middle part of the pre-tightening insulating cylinder. The cooperation between the flat opening one and the flat opening eight realizes the anti-rotation of the second connector and the pre-tightening insulating cylinder; A flat opening three is provided on the fixed connection cup, and a flat opening two is provided on the pre-tightening insulating cylinder. The cooperation between the flat opening three and the flat opening two realizes the anti-rotation of the fixed connection cup and the pre-tightening insulating cylinder.

6. The self-adjusting downhole communication structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The keyed pre-tightening nut is sleeved and axially slidably matched with the mechanical compensator housing. The mechanical compensator housing axially extends to cover the middle part of the sliding spindle. A bushing is assembled between the sliding spindle and the mechanical compensator housing; The floating electrical transmission part further includes a fixed conductive alignment cylinder, a conductive spring arranged inside the conductive alignment cylinder, a first connector with one end inserted into the inside of the conductive alignment cylinder and threadedly matched therewith, and an insulating locking nut sleeved on the other end of the first connector and threadedly matched therewith. The two ends of the conductive spring are respectively connected to the first connector and the second connector. A first spiral groove is provided at the position of the first connector corresponding to the conductive spring, and a second spiral groove is provided at the position of the second connector corresponding to the conductive spring. The end of the second connector cooperating with the conductive spring is located inside the conductive alignment cylinder.

7. The self-adjusting downhole communication structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, It further includes a base aligner threadedly and hermetically matched with the outer circle of the mechanical compensator housing, and an oil compensator housing threadedly and hermetically matched with the inner circle of the mechanical compensator housing. The base aligner and the oil compensator housing are respectively distributed on both sides of the mechanical compensator housing. The base aligner axially extends and axially slidably seals with the sliding seal surface of the sliding spindle; The end of the oil compensator housing located inside the mechanical compensator housing radially extends inwards to form a second step. An axially distributed compensator sleeve is arranged in the oil compensator housing. One end of the compensator sleeve abuts against the second step, and the other end radially extends outwards to form a boss threadedly and hermetically matched with the inner wall of the oil compensator housing. An upper insulating cylinder covering the ends of the conductive alignment cylinder, the second connector, and the insulating locking nut is arranged inside the compensator sleeve; A balance piston assembly is sleeved on the compensator sleeve, and a spring with two ends respectively connected to the boss and the balance piston assembly. The balance piston assembly slidably seals with the outer sealing surface one of the compensator sleeve and the inner wall of the oil compensator housing. A cavity A is formed between the balance piston assembly and the second step, and a cavity B is formed between the balance piston assembly and the boss. A through hole one communicating the cavity A and the inner cavity of the mechanical compensator housing is provided on the second step, and a through hole two communicating the cavity B with the outside is provided on the oil compensator housing. The balance piston assembly moves back and forth in the oil compensator housing by using the pressure difference change to achieve pressure balance.

8. An adjustable downhole communication structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, An oil injection port is provided on the sliding spindle. The oil injection port is threadedly matched with an NPT screw. Insulating hydraulic oil is injected into the oil injection port. The oil flows along the flexible shaft and enters the inner cavity of the sliding spindle, flows to the conductive rod support through a radially penetrating through hole five provided on the insulating coupling, and fills the inner cavity of the flexible shaft through an axially distributed notch five provided on the conductive rod support. The oil in the inner cavity of the sliding spindle flows to the ring groove one of the fixed connection cup through a radially penetrating through hole four provided on the rotary connection cone; The oil in the inner cavity of the sliding mandrel flows through the axially distributed notches four on the pre-tightened insulating cylinder to the disc spring, passes through the axially distributed notches three on the gasket and the axially through-hole three on the keyed pre-tightening nut, and enters the mechanical housing compensator. The inner cavity of the mechanical housing compensator is filled with oil to increase the oil injection pressure. The oil passes through the through-hole one of the oil compensator housing and pushes the balance piston assembly to compress the spring and move.

9. The self-adjusting downhole communication structure according to claim 7, characterized in that The balance piston assembly includes a main body ring. A sealing ring three and a sealing ring five which are in sealing sliding fit with the sealing surface one are arranged on the inner wall of the main body ring. A sealing ring two and a sealing ring four which are in sliding sealing fit with the oil compensator housing are arranged on the outer wall of the main body ring. A high-pressure seal is achieved between the oil compensator housing and the compensator sleeve through a sealing ring one. A ring groove four corresponding to the sealing ring one is opened on the compensator sleeve. A high-pressure seal is achieved between the oil compensator housing and the mechanical compensator housing through a sealing ring six. A high-pressure seal is achieved between the mechanical compensator housing and the base aligner through a sealing ring seven. A sliding seal in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment is achieved between the base aligner and the sliding sealing surface through a mating sealing ring eight and a sealing ring nine. A ring groove two is opened at the position of the base aligner corresponding to the sealing ring eight, and a ring groove three is opened at the position corresponding to the sealing ring nine.

10. A self-adjusting downhole communication structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, A centering ring one is arranged at the position of the main body ring between the sealing ring three and the sealing ring five. A centering ring two is arranged at the position of the main body ring between the sealing ring two and the sealing ring four. Radially through pressure balance holes are opened at the positions of the main body ring corresponding to the centering ring one and the centering ring two, so that the pressure inside and outside is the same when the balance piston assembly moves. A centering ring three is arranged at the position of the base aligner between the sealing ring eight and the sealing ring nine. A ring groove five is arranged at the position of the base aligner corresponding to the centering ring three. A radially through-hole six is opened at the position of the base aligner corresponding to the ring groove five, so that the pressure inside and outside is the same when the base aligner moves.

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