Anaerobic fermentation tank for livestock and poultry breeding mixed liquid dung

Abstract

The invention discloses an anaerobic fermentation tank for livestock and poultry breeding mixed liquid dung, and belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry waste treatment and utilization. The device is structurally provided with a steel tank body, a water inlet, an exhaust port, a water outlet, a heat exchange pipe, a slag discharge port and a pressure gauge. The water inlet, the exhaust port, the drainage port and the pressure indicator are arranged at the upper end of the tank body; the deslagging port and the heat exchange pipe are arranged at the lower end of the tank body; the interior of the tank body is divided into a plurality of independent cabins by isolation baffles, and the adjacent cabins are sequentially connected in series through cabin flow guiding openings and cabin slag discharging openings. Each cabin is divided into a plurality of small chambers by flow guide plates, and the adjacent small chambers are sequentially connected in series through small chamber exhaust holes and small chamber slag discharge holes. The heat exchange pipe is arranged at the bottom upper part of the tank body and annularly penetrates through the cabins; and the slag discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the serial tail cabin. According to the invention, the energy-consumption-free repeated settling separation of suspended matters in the liquid dung is fully realized, the solid / liquid separation efficiency of the liquid dung is improved, the methane content in unit liquid dung is high, the concentration of suspended matters in biogas slurry is low, the biogas residue is less, the problems of surface crusting, pipeline blockage and the like are avoided during long-term operation of equipment, and the operation and maintenance cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of disposal and utilization of livestock and poultry waste, and particularly to an anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed manure water in livestock and poultry farming. Background Art

[0002] The concentrated discharge of manure water generated by large-scale livestock and poultry farming has serious pollution, strong odor, and high carbon dioxide emissions, and has become the largest source of pollution in agriculture, bringing great pressure to the ecological environment. Although livestock and poultry manure water is rich in nutrients, it also contains antibiotics, pathogens, parasites, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out harmless treatment before the utilization of manure water resources. Anaerobic fermentation is one of the effective measures for harmless treatment of manure water. Through anaerobic fermentation, environmental pollutants can be removed, nutrients can be retained, and the utilization of manure water resources can be realized. For small-scale livestock and poultry farming, the amount of manure water generated is relatively small. Through the dry-wet separation of manure water and then the harmless treatment of solid manure and liquid manure respectively, the one-time investment in equipment and facilities is large, the operating cost is high, and the utilization cost of manure water is high. Therefore, for the harmless treatment of small-scale livestock and poultry mixed manure water, it is more suitable to directly adopt anaerobic fermentation for harmless treatment without dry-wet separation.

[0003] At present, based on the principles of anaerobic microorganism degradation of organic substances, pollutant removal, and three-phase separation, there are various designs of anaerobic fermentation equipment for livestock and poultry mixed manure water, such as upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor (UASB), expanded granular sludge bed reactor (EGSB), completely mixed anaerobic reactor (CSTR), internal circulation anaerobic reactor (IC), anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), two-phase anaerobic reactor, upflow anaerobic sludge bed (filter layer reactor, UBF), anaerobic biological filter (AF), upflow sectional sludge bed (USSB), upflow anaerobic solid reactor (USR), anaerobic attached membrane expanded bed (AAFEB), etc. When these reactors are actually applied, there are various problems, such as incomplete solid-liquid separation, inconvenient reuse of biogas slurry; high operating cost, reducing the income of the farm; crust formation on the liquid surface, easy blockage, and difficult maintenance, etc.

[0004] According to the needs of livestock and poultry farming, how to efficiently treat livestock and poultry manure water mixture locally at low cost and facilitate resource utilization is the key to the sustainable development of small-scale livestock and poultry farms. The development trend requires that the treatment equipment is easy to operate, has low operating cost, high treatment efficiency, convenient installation, does not require special professional construction equipment, and non-professional technicians can carry out operation and maintenance after simple training, which is convenient for wide application. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide an anaerobic fermentation tank for livestock and poultry manure wastewater in view of the characteristics and requirements of harmless treatment of manure wastewater discharged from small-scale livestock and poultry farms. This anaerobic fermentation tank treats manure wastewater without the need for a dry-wet separation process. Through the design of multiple independent fermentation chambers, the residence time of biological solids is increased, and the solid-liquid separation efficiency is improved; the optimal growth environments for acid-producing bacteria and methanogenic bacteria are created, and the treatment efficiency of the manure wastewater mixture is improved; the independent fermentation chambers are separated into independent small chambers by baffle plates, which is conducive to the formation of biofilms by bacteria on the surface of fixed materials, improving the fermentation efficiency. At the same time, it is also conducive to repeated solid / liquid separation. It can remove harmful substances locally at low cost and facilitate the resource utilization of harmless products such as biogas, biolymph, and biogas residue; at the same time, when the fermentation tank is operating, it does not produce odors and has little environmental pollution to the surrounding area.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed livestock and poultry manure wastewater is composed of 5 separate anaerobic fermentation chambers, and adjacent chambers are connected in series through chamber diversion ports and chamber slag discharge ports. Each anaerobic fermentation chamber is separated into 4 small chambers by 4 sector-shaped baffle plates, and adjacent small chambers are connected in series through small chamber exhaust holes and small chamber slag discharge holes.

[0007] Furthermore, the single anaerobic fermentation chamber is in a fan-column shape and is surrounded by a tank shell, a central hollow column, and a partition baffle;

[0008] Furthermore, the 5 single anaerobic fermentation chambers are arranged around the central hollow column, and adjacent single anaerobic fermentation chambers are connected in series through the chamber diversion ports on the isolation baffle and the bottom chamber slag discharge ports;

[0009] Furthermore, the chamber diversion ports are arranged on the isolation baffle and are flush with the lowest point of the bottom baffle plate, which is conducive to the movement of the biogas residue and sewage in the upper part of a single anaerobic fermentation chamber to the adjacent anaerobic fermentation chamber;

[0010] Furthermore, the chamber diversion ports are connected to the diversion pipes in the adjacent anaerobic fermentation chamber to extend the flow distance of the manure wastewater in the tank;

[0011] Furthermore, in the inlet anaerobic fermentation chamber (chamber I), there are no chamber slag discharge ports and chamber diversion ports at the bottom of one of the isolation baffles to achieve unidirectional flow of water inlet and slag discharge;

[0012] Furthermore, only 1 slag discharge port is provided outside the 5 single anaerobic fermentation chambers, which is arranged on the tank wall at the bottom of the series-terminal anaerobic fermentation chamber (chamber V);

[0013] Furthermore, each single anaerobic fermentation chamber is provided with 4 sector-shaped baffle plates, which isolate the single anaerobic fermentation chamber into 4 small chambers;

[0014] Further, each sector-shaped deflector is inclined at an angle of 5 degrees to the horizontal plane, which is conducive to the upward movement of biogas along the deflector and the downward movement of biogas residues along the deflector, improving the separation efficiency of the three phases (biogas, sewage, and biogas residues).

[0015] Further, among the 4 sector-shaped deflectors, 3 sector-shaped deflectors are provided with small chamber exhaust holes and small chamber slag discharge holes, and only small chamber exhaust holes are provided on the bottommost sector-shaped deflector, which is conducive to the separation of biogas, biogas liquid, and biogas residues.

[0016] Further, above the bottom of each individual anaerobic fermentation chamber, there is a heat exchange pipe. Through the hot water in the heat exchange pipe, it is ensured that the anaerobic fermentation proceeds at a constant temperature.

[0017] Further, a water distributor is provided in the separate anaerobic fermentation chamber for inlet water, and not in the other 4 chambers, which is convenient for the uniform distribution of fecal sewage in the fermentation chamber. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] By reading the following attached drawings, other features, purposes, and advantages of the present invention will become more obvious:

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall and internal key structures of an anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed fecal sewage in livestock and poultry breeding according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of internal chambers and small chambers of an anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed fecal sewage in livestock and poultry breeding according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the connection of internal single chambers of an anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed fecal sewage in livestock and poultry breeding according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a single chamber of an anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed fecal sewage in livestock and poultry breeding according to the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 1. Tank shell; 2. Drain outlet; 3. Pressure gauge; 4. Inlet water port; 5. Exhaust port; 6. Central hollow column; 7. Small chamber exhaust hole; 8. Deflector; 9. Heat exchange pipe; 10. Heat exchange pipe inlet and outlet; 11. Slag discharge port; 12. Isolation baffle; 13. Chamber deflector port; 14. Small chamber slag discharge hole; 15. Chamber slag discharge port; 16. Deflector pipe; 17. Inlet and outlet of water; 18. Water distributor; 19. Small chamber slag discharge pipe; 20. Chamber exhaust port; 21. Small chamber exhaust hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0024] An anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed livestock and poultry manure wastewater. The mixed manure wastewater enters the fermentation chamber from the upper part of the bottom of an independent anaerobic fermentation chamber (Chamber I). Large particulate solids settle on the surface of the biogas residue under the action of gravity and are mixed with anaerobic activated sludge for anaerobic fermentation, hydrolyzing to produce water-soluble organic acid substances, and the residual solids form biogas residue; some medium particulate solids combine with tiny bubbles, float up and mix with biological solids, hydrolyzing to produce water-soluble organic acid substances. At the same time, some medium particulate solids flocculate during the floating process to form large particulate solids, which settle on the surface of the biogas residue under the action of gravity and are mixed with anaerobic activated sludge for anaerobic fermentation, hydrolyzing to produce water-soluble organic acid substances. Suspended particulate matter combines with gas, floats up, flocculates to form large particulate solids during the floating process, after colliding with the back of the baffle plate, the gas in the particulate matter is discharged, the buoyancy of the particulate matter decreases, and it settles under the action of gravity, mixes with biological solids, and continues anaerobic fermentation hydrolysis to produce water-soluble organic acid substances; the tiny particulate matter that cannot be separated continues to float up, flocculate, anaerobically ferment and hydrolyze, collide with the back of the baffle plate again, the large particulate solids settle, and land on the surface of the baffle plate. After 4 times of separation like this, the gas in the separate chamber migrates to the top of the tank body, and the suspended particles are repeatedly separated, settled, and enriched on the surface of the baffle plate. When the solid-phase particles reach a certain quantity on the surface of the baffle plate, under the action of gravity, they move downward along the baffle plate, pass through the slag discharge port of the small chamber, land on the surface of the bottommost baffle plate, and migrate to the adjacent chamber through the chamber diversion port. At the same time, some easily degradable organic substances in the particles are hydrolyzed to produce water-soluble organic acid substances.

[0025] When the mixed manure wastewater is continuously and slowly injected into the anaerobic fermentation tank, the suspended particulate matter repeatedly undergoes hydrolysis, flocculation, and sedimentation in the separate chamber to achieve solid / liquid separation.

[0026] When the mixed manure wastewater rich in water-soluble organic acid substances enters the independent methane-producing chamber, the organic acid substances react with methane-producing bacteria and decompose into methane gas, which overflows from the upper part of the independent anaerobic fermentation chamber in a directional manner, and the solid suspended matter continues to undergo sedimentation separation. When the water-soluble organic acid substances are completely decomposed into methane gas, the biogas slurry overflows from the upper part of the last independent anaerobic fermentation chamber, realizing the complete separation of biogas, biogas slurry, and biogas residue.

[0027] The positive effects of the present invention

[0028] By using the present equipment, an anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed livestock and poultry manure wastewater can directly perform anaerobic fermentation and harmless treatment on the mixed livestock and poultry manure wastewater on a small scale without adding a solid-liquid separation process, extend the residence time of biological solids in the anaerobic fermentation tank, and improve the solid / liquid separation efficiency; separate the acidification process and methane generation process during the anaerobic fermentation of the mixed manure wastewater, with high anaerobic fermentation efficiency, and the mixed manure wastewater will be converted into biogas, biolymph, and biogas residue; the amount of biogas generated per unit of manure wastewater by using this equipment is large, the suspended solids content in the biolymph is low, the particle diameter is small, the solution is neutral, and it can be directly used for farmland drip irrigation, etc., without causing blockage problems in drip irrigation equipment, and the amount of biogas residue is small, facilitating the agricultural utilization of biogas residue; during the operation of the equipment, solid / liquid separation is automatically carried out without external power, and the operation cost is low; due to the adoption of gas diversion design, it avoids the retention of solid-phase gas flotation on the liquid surface and drying and caking caused by the rise of biogas, and the maintenance cost is low; the equipment is of an integrated design, with convenient installation and commissioning and small land occupation space; the equipment operates at a constant temperature, which can avoid affecting the harmless effect and efficiency due to low anaerobic fermentation temperature in winter; the operation of the equipment can easily achieve intelligentization, thereby reducing the labor cost of daily supervision; the materials used in the equipment are corrosion-resistant materials, durable, with a low depreciation rate of the equipment, and can achieve one-time investment and long-term benefits.

Claims

1. An anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed livestock and poultry manure wastewater, comprising a steel tank body (1), a water inlet (4), an exhaust port (5), a drain port (2), a heat exchange pipe (9), a slag discharge port (11), and a pressure gauge (3). It is characterized in that: Inside the tank body, five isolation baffles (12) surround the central hollow column (6) to divide the tank body into five independent fan-shaped columnar compartments (I, II, III, IV, V). The isolation baffle (12) is fixed to the inner wall of the central hollow column (6) and the tank shell (1); The isolation baffle (12) is connected to the central hollow column (6) by bolts without gaps; The isolation baffle (12) is connected to the inner wall of the tank shell (1) by bolts without gaps; The adjacent compartments are connected in series in sequence by the compartment diversion ports (13) and the compartment slag discharge ports (15); All the compartments are divided into four small chambers (i, ii, iii, v) by four fan-shaped diversion plates (8); All the fan-shaped diversion plates (8) are fixed to the inner wall of the central hollow column (6) and the tank shell (1) and are connected by bolts without gaps; All the fan-shaped diversion plates (8) are inclined at an angle of 5 degrees to the horizontal plane; All the fan-shaped diversion plates (8) are provided with small chamber exhaust holes (7) and small chamber slag discharge holes (14); All the compartment diversion ports (13) are arranged on the isolation baffle (12) and are connected to the diversion pipes (16) in adjacent compartments; An annular heat exchange pipe (9) is provided above the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank, penetrating through five isolation compartments (I, II, III, IV, V), and its two ends are connected to the inlets and outlets (10) on the tank shell; An outlet (17) of the water inlet is provided above the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank and is connected to the water distributor (18); The water inlet outlet (17) provided above the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank is connected to the water inlet (4) at the upper part of the tank body; The water distributor (18) of the anaerobic fermentation tank is only arranged in one compartment (compartment I), and not arranged in the other four compartments; The water inlet (4), the exhaust port (5), the drain port (2), and the pressure gauge (3) are arranged at the upper part of the anaerobic fermentation tank; The slag discharge port (11) is arranged at the bottom of the last compartment in series; 2. An anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed livestock and poultry manure wastewater according to claim 1. It is characterized in that: The internal space of the steel tank body is divided into five independent fan-shaped column compartments (I, II, III, IV, V) by five isolation baffles (12) surrounding the central hollow column (6).

3. An anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed livestock and poultry manure wastewater according to claim 1. It is characterized in that: The isolation baffle (12) is fixed to the inner wall of the central hollow column (6) and the tank shell (1) to ensure that the volumes of each independent fan-shaped column compartment are similar.

4. An anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed manure water in livestock and poultry breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The isolation baffle (12) is connected to the central hollow column (6) by bolts without gaps to prevent the fecal water in different compartments from being connected in series randomly.

5. An anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed manure water in livestock and poultry breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The isolation baffle (12) is connected to the inner wall of the tank shell (1) by bolts without gaps to prevent the fecal water in different compartments from being connected in series randomly.

6. The anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed livestock and poultry manure wastewater according to claim 1, wherein: The adjacent compartments are connected in series in sequence by the compartment diversion ports (13) and the compartment slag discharge ports (15) to ensure that the fecal water is distributed in each compartment in sequence and the biogas residues are discharged in sequence.

7. An anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed livestock and poultry manure wastewater according to claim 1. It is characterized in that: All the compartments are divided into four independent small chambers (i, ii, iii, v) by four fan-shaped diversion plates (8).

8. An anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed livestock and poultry manure wastewater according to claim 1. It is characterized in that: All the fan-shaped diversion plates (8) are fixed to the inner wall of the central hollow column (6) and the tank shell (1) and are connected by bolts without gaps to prevent the fecal water in adjacent small chambers from being connected in series randomly.

9. An anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed livestock and poultry manure wastewater according to claim 1. It is characterized in that: All the fan-shaped diversion plates (8) are inclined at an angle of 5 degrees to the horizontal plane to guide the directional movement of biogas and biogas residues.

10. An anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed livestock and poultry manure wastewater according to claim 1. Characterized in that: All the sector-shaped flow deflectors (8) are provided with chamber exhaust holes (7) and chamber slag discharge holes (14) to ensure the upward flow of biogas and the sedimentation of biogas residues to the bottom of the tank.

11. An anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed livestock and poultry manure wastewater according to claim 1. It is characterized in that: All the chamber flow guide openings (13) are arranged on the partition baffle (12) and are connected to the flow guide pipes (16) in adjacent chambers to ensure the reasonable distribution of fecal sewage in each chamber.

12. An anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed livestock and poultry manure wastewater according to claim 1. It is characterized in that: An annular heat exchange pipe (9) is provided above the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank, penetrating through 5 isolation chambers (I, II, III, IV, V), and its two ends are connected to the inlets and outlets (10) on the tank shell to ensure a constant temperature inside the anaerobic fermentation tank and improve the anaerobic fermentation efficiency.

13. An anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed livestock and poultry manure wastewater according to claim 1. It is characterized in that: An outlet (17) of the water inlet is provided above the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank and is connected to the water distributor (18) to ensure the uniform distribution of the injected fecal sewage in the tank and facilitate the initial solid / liquid separation.

14. An anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed livestock and poultry manure wastewater according to claim 1. It is characterized in that: The water distributor (18) of the anaerobic fermentation tank is only arranged in 1 chamber (chamber I), and is not arranged in the other 4 chambers.

15. An anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed livestock and poultry manure wastewater according to claim 1. It is characterized in that: The water inlet outlet (17) provided above the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank is connected to the water inlet (4) at the upper part of the tank body.

16. An anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed manure water in livestock and poultry breeding according to claim 1. It is characterized in that: The water inlet (4), exhaust port (5), drain port (2), and pressure gauge (3) are arranged at the upper part of the anaerobic fermentation tank.

17. An anaerobic fermentation tank for mixed livestock and poultry manure wastewater according to claim 1. It is characterized in that: The slag discharge port (11) is arranged at the bottom of the last chamber in series.

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