Coal mine support structure

Abstract

The present invention relates to a coal mining support structure, which belongs to the technical field of coal mining support. The structure comprises two left-right symmetrical mounting bases, wherein a height adjustment base is respectively arranged on the upper ends of the two mounting bases through a lifting mechanism, and a group of retractable support mechanisms are rotatably arranged on the front and rear sides of each height adjustment base. A D-shaped support base is fixedly arranged between the two height adjustment bases, and the support base comprises an arc segment and a horizontal segment distributed up and down, and the two ends of the arc segment are fixedly connected to the two ends of the horizontal segment. A plurality of groups of buffer mechanisms are arranged on the arc segment of the support base, and an arc-shaped conductive support plate is rotatably arranged at the end of each group of buffer mechanisms away from the support base. A plurality of groups of detection mechanisms are arranged inside the support base. The structure solves the problems of difficult adjustment and complicated connection of the current coal mining support structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mining support, and in particular relates to a coal mining support structure. Background Art

[0002] In coal mining operations, support structures play a vital role in ensuring the safety and smooth progress of mining work. With the continuous development of coal mining technology and the increasingly complex mining environment, higher requirements are placed on coal mining support structures.

[0003] Traditional support structures use simple fixed rods or a small number of mechanical connection components to construct a basic frame, such as a welded metal frame, whose height is basically fixed at the beginning of the design. Since the actual mining height of coal seams in coal mines is not fixed, there may be differences between different mining areas or even different mining areas in the same mining area. However, existing support structures often find it difficult to flexibly adjust the height of the support structure according to the actual mining height of the coal seam. Some support structures adopt a fixed height design and cannot adapt to height changes. Some structures with height adjustment functions have complex and inefficient adjustment methods, making it difficult to quickly and effectively meet actual production needs. This not only affects the mining progress, but may also cause safety hazards due to inappropriate support height. In addition, the connection methods between the various components of the existing support structure are not flexible enough. During the actual installation process, due to the diversity of mining site conditions, the connections between different components may need to adapt to various installation angles and connection requirements. However, existing connection components can often only meet limited connection forms, and the operation of adjusting the connection tightness is cumbersome, making it difficult to easily and quickly achieve different connection requirements. This increases the difficulty of installation, prolongs the installation time, and is not conducive to efficient mining operations. To this end, the present application designs a coal mining support structure to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and proposes a coal mine mining support structure, solving the problems of difficult adjustment and complicated connection of the current coal mine mining support structure.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions.

[0006] A coal mine mining support structure includes two left-right symmetrical mounting bases, a height adjustment seat is respectively arranged on the upper end of the two mounting bases through a lifting mechanism, and a group of retractable support mechanisms are rotatably arranged on the front and rear sides of each height adjustment seat; a D-shaped support base is fixedly arranged between the two height adjustment seats, and the support base includes an arc segment and a horizontal segment distributed up and down, and the two ends of the arc segment are fixedly connected to the two ends of the horizontal segment. A plurality of groups of buffer mechanisms are arranged on the arc segment of the support base, and an arc-shaped conductive support plate is rotatably arranged at the end of each group of buffer mechanisms away from the support base; a plurality of groups of detection mechanisms are arranged inside the support base.

[0007] Furthermore, the mounting base is a square box structure with an open upper end, and a ground-attached mounting plate is fixedly provided on the lower end surface of the mounting base.

[0008] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism includes a hydraulic jack, a socket, a slot, and a swing plate; a hydraulic jack is fixedly arranged inside the mounting base, and a square socket is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the height adjustment seat, the socket is plugged downward into the upper end opening of the mounting base, and the lifting end of the hydraulic jack is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the socket; a row of equidistant slots are provided in the vertical direction on the end face of one side of the mounting base away from the other side of the socket; a mounting slot is provided at the upper end of the side wall of the mounting base away from the other side of the mounting base, a rotating shaft is fixedly arranged inside the mounting slot, and a swing plate is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft, a triangular protrusion is fixedly provided at the lower end of the end face of the swing plate close to the socket, and an abutting card extending obliquely downward is fixedly provided in the middle of the end face of the swing plate away from the socket.

[0009] Furthermore, a sliding groove is respectively provided on the inner wall of the mounting groove on the front and rear sides of the swing plate, and a group of locking components is respectively provided inside each sliding groove; the locking component includes an abutting sliding block, a first spring, and a dial plate, and the abutting sliding block is slidably arranged inside the sliding groove along the front and rear directions, and the edge of the upper end face of the abutting sliding block close to the plug-in seat is a rounded structure, and the edge of the upper end face of the abutting sliding block away from the plug-in seat is a right-angle structure; two first springs are fixedly provided at one end of the inner side of the sliding groove, and the end of the first spring is connected to the abutting sliding block; a dial plate is fixedly provided on the end face of the abutting sliding block away from the plug-in seat, and a dial groove is provided on the side wall of the sliding groove, and the dial plate passes through the dial groove and extends to the outside of the mounting base.

[0010] Furthermore, the support mechanism includes a fixed plate, two connecting blocks, two matching threaded rods, and an adjusting sleeve; the two connecting blocks are distributed up and down, and a matching threaded rod is fixedly provided on the end faces of the two connecting blocks that are close to each other. An adjusting sleeve is provided between the two connecting blocks, and the openings at both ends of the adjusting sleeve are both provided with internal threads, and the two matching threaded rods are respectively screwed to the openings at both ends of the adjusting sleeve; the upper connecting block is rotatably set on the fixed plate, and the fixed plate is fixedly set on the height adjustment seat.

[0011] Furthermore, the two height adjustment seats are fixedly connected to the two ends of the lower end surface of the horizontal section of the support base through bolts respectively; two left-right symmetrical interlaced connection frames are fixedly provided on the lower end surface of the horizontal section of the support base.

[0012] Furthermore, a plurality of mounting holes connected internally and externally are provided on the circular arc section of the support base, and a group of buffer mechanisms are provided inside each mounting hole; the buffer mechanism includes a connecting tube, a buffer spring, a threaded adjustment plate, and a sliding rod; the connecting tube is a cylindrical structure with openings at both ends, the connecting tube is fixedly arranged inside the mounting hole, and an internal thread is provided inside the connecting tube; a threaded adjustment plate is screwed inside the connecting tube, a buffer spring is provided inside the connecting tube, and the buffer spring is connected to the threaded adjustment plate; a sliding rod is slidably inserted into the opening at one end of the outer side of the connecting tube, and a sliding plate is fixedly provided at one end of the sliding rod located inside the connecting tube, and the sliding plate is connected to the buffer spring; the end of the sliding rod located outside the connecting tube is rotatably connected to the middle part of the inner arc surface of the conductive support plate.

[0013] Furthermore, multiple conductive support plates are arranged adjacent to each other, and all of the conductive support plates are in contact with the top wall of the tunnel; multiple pinning blocks are arranged on the front and rear sides of each conductive support plate through a rotating connecting shaft, and the pinning blocks are provided with holes for passing grouting fixing anchor rods.

[0014] Furthermore, the detection mechanism includes a detection extension rod, a limiting cylinder, an adjustment ring, a rotating block, an anti-loosening abutment plate, and an adjusting bolt; a mounting ring is fixedly provided on the inner side surface of the horizontal section and the inner side surface of the arc section of the support base, and an adjusting ring is rotatably provided on the end surfaces of the two mounting rings that are close to each other, and a limiting cylinder is rotatably provided on the end surfaces of the two adjusting rings that are close to each other, and the same detection extension rod is slidably inserted into the two limiting cylinders; a circular mounting groove is provided inside the openings at one end of the two mounting rings that are close to each other, and a circular mounting groove is provided inside the openings at one end of the two limiting cylinders that are away from each other. A circular rotating block is fixedly provided on the outer side of the openings at both ends of each adjusting ring, and the cross-section of the rotating block is an L-shaped structure. The rotating blocks at both ends of the adjusting ring are respectively inserted into the mounting grooves of the mounting ring and the limiting cylinder on the same side; two symmetrical anti-loosening abutment plates are slidingly provided inside the mounting grooves of the mounting ring and the limiting cylinder, and the cross-section of the anti-loosening abutment plates is an L-shaped structure. The two anti-loosening abutment plates are both clamped with the rotating block extending into the mounting groove; two adjusting bolts are respectively inserted into the side walls of the mounting grooves of the mounting ring and the limiting cylinder, and the two adjusting bolts are respectively screwed with the two anti-loosening abutment plates.

[0015] Furthermore, the detection mechanism also includes an abutment detection gasket, an abutment detection column, a second spring, a matching detection gasket, and a matching abutment rod; the upper end of the outer surface of the detection extension rod is provided with an external thread, and the external thread on the detection extension rod is screwed with the inner side surface of the upper adjusting ring; the same matching abutment rod is slidably inserted into the adjusting ring and the limit cylinder on the lower side, and the matching abutment rod is screwed with the inner side surface of the adjusting ring on the lower side; an abutment detection gasket is fixedly provided at the center of one end surface of the detection extension rod close to the matching abutment rod; a circle of fixed grooves arranged in a circular array is provided at the lower end of the outer surface of the detection extension rod, and a matching detection gasket is fixedly provided at the inner end of each fixing groove, and a second spring is provided inside each fixing groove, and the inner end of the second spring is fixedly connected to the matching detection gasket, and the outer end of the second spring is fixedly provided with an abutment detection column, and the end of the abutment detection column is in sliding contact with the inner side surface of the limit cylinder on the lower side.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared to the prior art are:

[0017] By cooperating with the mounting base and the height adjustment seat, the height adjustment is achieved by using a hydraulic jack, and the ground-facing mounting plate at the bottom of the mounting base is fixed by grouting and anchor rod insertion, which not only ensures the stability of the foundation but also enables flexible height adjustment, making it easy for the device to adjust the height of the support structure according to the actual mining height of the coal seam, thereby improving the flexibility of the support structure installation and enabling it to adapt to different mining heights; through the cooperation of the connecting tube, sliding rod, threaded adjustment plate and buffer spring in the buffer mechanism, the height and angle of the conduction support plate can be accurately adjusted, which facilitates flexible adjustment according to different mining pressure conduction requirements and improves the flexibility of the internal structure adjustment of the support structure. , and thus can realize the function of adapting to different pressure conduction conditions; through the cooperation of the connecting block, the threaded rod and the adjusting sleeve in the supporting mechanism, the connection tightness can be easily adjusted and it can adapt to different installation angles and connection requirements, thereby improving the flexibility of the connection of the various components of the support structure, and thus can realize the function of adapting to different connection needs; and through the cooperation of the swing plate, the locking assembly and other structures in the lifting mechanism, it can not only effectively limit the position of the height adjustment seat, but also facilitate the height adjustment operation, thereby improving the flexibility of the height adjustment process, and thus can realize the function of stable and flexible height adjustment, and finally solve the problem of low installation flexibility of the existing coal mine mining support structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention as a whole;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the mounting mechanism and the height adjustment seat;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the support base and the detection mechanism, buffer mechanism, and conductive support plate. Figure 1 ;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the support base and the detection mechanism, buffer mechanism, and conductive support plate. Figure 2 ;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the support mechanism;

[0024] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the buffer mechanism and the conductive support plate;

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the pendulum plate and one set of locking components;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the detection extension rod and the lower limit cylinder;

[0027] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the abutment detection column, the second spring, and the matching detection gasket;

[0028] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the detection extension rod and the upper and lower limit cylinders and the upper and lower adjustment rings;

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the detection extension rod and the upper adjustment ring;

[0030] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the mating rod and the adjusting ring and the limiting cylinder on the lower side;

[0031] Figure 13 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the adjusting ring and the rotating block;

[0032] Among them, 1 is the mounting base, 2 is the height adjustment base, 3 is the support base, 4 is the conductive support plate, 5 is the support mechanism, 6 is the ground mounting plate, 7 is the hydraulic jack, 8 is the lifting mechanism, 9 is the card slot, 10 is the interlaced connecting frame, 11 is the detection extension rod, 12 is the pin block, 13 is the buffer mechanism, 14 is the rotating connecting shaft, 15 is the connecting block, 16 is the matching threaded rod, 17 is the adjusting sleeve, 18 is the sliding rod, 19 is the connecting tube, 20 is the buffer spring, 21 is the threaded adjustment plate, 22 is the rocker plate, 23 is the protrusion, 24 is the rotating shaft, 25 is the abutting sliding block, 26 is the first spring, 27 is the limiting cylinder, 28 is the abutting detection gasket, 29 is the abutting detection column, 30 is the second spring, 31 is the matching detection gasket, 32 is the adjusting swivel, 33 is the rotating card block, 34 is the matching abutting rod, 35 is the anti-loosening abutting plate, and 36 is the adjusting bolt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.

[0034] like Figure 1As shown in FIG13 , the present invention provides a coal mining support structure, comprising two left-right symmetrical mounting bases 1, a height adjustment base 2 being respectively provided at the upper end of the two mounting bases 1 through a lifting mechanism 8, and a group of retractable support mechanisms 5 being rotatably provided on the front and rear sides of each height adjustment base 2; a D-shaped support base 3 is fixedly provided between the two height adjustment bases 2, and the support base 3 comprises an arc segment and a horizontal segment distributed up and down, and the two ends of the arc segment are fixedly connected to the two ends of the horizontal segment, and a plurality of groups of buffer mechanisms 13 are provided on the arc segment of the support base 3, and an arc-shaped conductive support plate 4 is rotatably provided at the end of each group of buffer mechanisms 13 away from the support base 3; a plurality of groups of detection mechanisms are provided inside the support base 3.

[0035] The mounting base 1 is a square box structure with an open top. A horizontal ground-mounted mounting plate 6 is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the mounting base 1. The ground-mounted mounting plate 6 is fixed by grouting and anchoring. This installation method firmly fixes the mounting base 1 to the ground, enhances the foundation stability of the entire support structure, and prevents the entire support structure from shifting due to vibration and other factors during mining.

[0036] The lifting mechanism 8 includes a hydraulic jack 7, a socket, a slot 9, a swing plate 22, and a locking assembly.

[0037] A hydraulic jack 7 is fixedly mounted within the mounting base 1, with its lifting end located at the top. A through slot is provided on the sidewall of the mounting base 1, through which the pressure relief seat and folding handle of the hydraulic jack 7 extend to the outside of the mounting base 1. A square socket is fixedly mounted at the lower end of the height adjustment base 2, which plugs downwardly into the interior of the upper opening of the mounting base 1. The lifting end of the hydraulic jack 7 is fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the socket. A row of equally spaced slots 9 are vertically arranged on the end surface of the socket, facing away from the mounting base 1. A mounting slot is provided at the upper end of the sidewall of the mounting base 1, away from the other side. A horizontal shaft 24 is fixedly mounted within the mounting slot. A swing plate 22 is rotatably mounted on the outer side of the shaft 24. A triangular protrusion 23 is fixedly mounted at the lower end of the swing plate 22's end surface, which is close to the socket. A contact plate extending diagonally downward is fixedly mounted in the middle of the swing plate 22's end surface, which is away from the socket. A sliding slot is provided on the inner wall of the mounting slot on both the front and rear sides of the swing plate 22, each of which contains a set of locking components. The locking assembly includes an abutting sliding block 25, a first spring 26, and a paddle plate. The abutting sliding block 25 is slidably arranged inside the sliding groove along the front-back direction. The edge of the upper end face of the abutting sliding block 25 close to the socket is a rounded structure, and the edge of the upper end face of the abutting sliding block 25 away from the socket is a right-angle structure; two first springs 26 are fixedly arranged at one end of the inner side of the sliding groove, and the end of the first spring 26 is connected to the abutting sliding block 25; a paddle plate is fixedly arranged on the end face of the abutting sliding block 25 away from the socket, and a paddle groove is provided on the side wall of the sliding groove, and the paddle plate passes through the paddle groove and extends to the outside of the mounting base 1.

[0038] When the height of the height-adjusting seat 2 needs to be adjusted, the dial plates of the two sets of locking assemblies are toggled so that the two abutting sliding blocks 25 extend into the interior of the sliding groove, and the first spring 26 is compressed; then the upper end of the swing plate 22 is pressed so that the protrusion 23 at the lower end of the swing plate 22 rotates outward, so that the protrusion 23 is disengaged from the slot 9 on the socket; then the hydraulic jack 7 is operated so that the height of the lifting end of the hydraulic jack 7 begins to change, and the lifting end of the hydraulic jack 7 drives the height of the socket to change, thereby controlling the height change of the height-adjusting seat 2. When the height of the height adjustment seat 2 is adjusted, the swing plate 22 is rotated so that the protrusion 23 at the lower end of the swing plate 22 is engaged with the slot 9 on the socket, and then the two sets of locking assembly dials are released. Under the action of the rebound force of the second spring 30, the two abutting sliding blocks 25 begin to slide toward the outside of the sliding groove until the upper ends of the two abutting sliding blocks 25 are extended between the lower end of the swing plate 22 and the abutting card plate, thereby clamping and fixing the swing plate 22, and the swing plate 22 can no longer continue to rotate, so that the protrusion 23 at the lower end of the swing plate 22 is always engaged with the slot 9 on the socket, preventing the height adjustment seat 2 from falling accidentally.

[0039] The support mechanism 5 includes a fixing plate, two connecting blocks 15 , two matching threaded rods 16 , and an adjusting sleeve 17 .

[0040] Two connecting blocks 15 are arranged one above the other. A mating threaded rod 16 is fixedly mounted on each end face of the two connecting blocks 15, where they are closest to each other. An adjustment sleeve 17 is positioned between the two connecting blocks 15. Both end openings of the adjustment sleeve 17 are internally threaded, and the two mating threaded rods 16 are threadedly engaged with the end openings of the adjustment sleeve 17. The upper connecting block 15 is rotatably mounted on a fixed plate, which is fixed to the height adjustment base 2. By rotating the adjustment sleeve 17, the length of the two mating threaded rods 16 threaded into the adjustment sleeve 17 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the overall length of the support mechanism 5.

[0041] The two height adjustment seats 2 are fixedly connected to the two ends of the lower end surface of the horizontal section of the support base 3 by bolts. Two bilaterally symmetrical interlaced connection frames 10 are fixedly provided on the lower end surface of the horizontal section of the support base 3. The interlaced connection frames 10 facilitate the insertion and fixation of multiple support structures through support beams.

[0042] The arc segment of the support base 3 is provided with multiple mounting holes that communicate with each other. The axes of the mounting holes are arranged along the radial direction of the arc segment of the support base 3. A buffer mechanism 13 is located within each mounting hole. The buffer mechanism 13 comprises a connecting tube 19, a buffer spring 20, a threaded adjustment plate 21, and a sliding rod 18. The connecting tube 19 is a cylindrical structure with openings at both ends. It is fixedly mounted within the mounting hole and has internal threads. A threaded adjustment plate 21 is threadedly attached to the connecting tube 19. A buffer spring 20 is also located within the connecting tube 19 and connected to the threaded adjustment plate 21. A sliding rod 18 is slidably inserted into the opening at one end of the connecting tube 19. A sliding plate is fixedly mounted on the end of the sliding rod 18 located within the connecting tube 19 and connected to the buffer spring 20. The end of the sliding rod 18 located outside the connecting tube 19 is rotatably connected to the center of the inner arc surface of the conductive support plate 4. The setting of the buffer mechanism 13 can accurately adjust the height and angle of the conductive support plate 4, and fine-tuning can be achieved through the threaded adjustment of the threaded adjustment plate 21. The buffer spring 20 can play a buffering role when impacted, protecting the entire support structure from damage caused by excessive impact force.

[0043] Multiple conductive support plates 4 are positioned adjacent to each other, each abutting the tunnel's ceiling. Multiple fixing blocks 12 are rotatably mounted on the front and rear sides of each conductive support plate 4 via a rotating connecting shaft 14. These fixing blocks 12 have holes for inserting grouting anchor rods. This allows the fixing blocks 12 to be inserted and installed at an angle that better matches the support layer, improving the stability of the anchor rod installation.

[0044] The detection mechanism includes a detection extension rod 11, a limiting cylinder 27, an adjusting ring 32, an abutment detection gasket 28, an abutment detection column 29, a second spring 30, a matching detection gasket 31, a rotating block 33, a matching abutment rod 34, an anti-loosening abutment plate 35, and an adjusting bolt 36.

[0045] A mounting ring is fixedly provided on the inner side surface of the horizontal section and the inner side surface of the arc section of the support base 3, and the two mounting rings are coaxially arranged; an adjusting swivel 32 is rotatably provided on the end surfaces of the two mounting rings that are close to each other, and a limiting cylinder 27 is rotatably provided on the end surfaces of the two adjusting swivels 32 that are close to each other, and the same detection extension rod 11 is slidably inserted into the two limiting cylinders 27.

[0046] A circular mounting groove is provided within the openings at the ends of the two mounting rings that are closer to each other, and a circular mounting groove is provided within the openings at the ends of the two limiting cylinders 27 that are farther away from each other. A circular rotating block 33 is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the openings at both ends of each adjusting swivel 32. The rotating block 33 has an L-shaped cross-section and is inserted into the mounting grooves of the mounting ring and limiting cylinder 27 on the same side, respectively. Two symmetrical anti-loosening abutment plates 35 are slidably mounted within the mounting grooves of the mounting ring and limiting cylinder 27. The anti-loosening abutment plates 35 have an L-shaped cross-section and engage with the rotating block 33 extending into the mounting grooves. Two adjusting bolts 36 are inserted into the sidewalls of the mounting grooves of the mounting ring and limiting cylinder 27, respectively, and are threadedly engaged with the two anti-loosening abutment plates 35. Because the adjusting bolt 36 is threadedly engaged with the anti-loosening abutment plate 35, the anti-loosening abutment plate 35 cannot be dislodged from the mounting grooves of the mounting ring and the retaining cylinder 27. Because the rotating blocks 33 at both ends of the adjusting swivel 32 are engaged with the two anti-loosening abutment plates 35, the adjusting swivel 32 is connected to the mounting rings and the retaining cylinder 27 at both ends and cannot be disengaged, while the adjusting swivel 32 can rotate relative to the mounting rings and the retaining cylinder 27 at both ends. Tightening the adjusting bolt 36 also creates close contact between the anti-loosening abutment plate 35 and the rotating blocks 33, thereby maintaining a stable connection between the adjusting swivel 32 and the mounting rings and the retaining cylinder 27 at both ends and preventing the adjusting swivel 32 from deflecting due to vibration.

[0047] The upper end of the outer surface of the detection extension rod 11 is provided with an external thread, which is screwed to the inner surface of the upper adjustment ring 32. The same mating abutment rod 34 is slidably inserted into the lower adjustment ring 32 and the limiting cylinder 27, and the mating abutment rod 34 is screwed to the inner surface of the lower adjustment ring 32.

[0048] A contact detection pad 28 is fixedly installed at the center of the end face of the detection extension rod 11 near the mating abutment rod 34. A circle of fixed grooves arranged in a circular array is provided at the lower end of the outer side surface of the detection extension rod 11, with the axis of the fixed grooves arranged along the radial direction of the detection extension rod 11; a matching detection pad 31 is fixedly installed at the inner end of each fixing groove, and a second spring 30 is installed inside each fixing groove. The inner end of the second spring 30 is fixedly connected to the matching detection pad 31, and the outer end of the second spring 30 is fixedly installed with an abutment detection column 29, the end of which is in sliding contact with the inner side surface of the lower limit cylinder 27.

[0049] The present invention also proposes a method for using a coal mining support structure, comprising the following steps:

[0050] Step one, first during the initial installation, the mounting base 1 is firmly fixed to the ground of the coal mining area through the ground-attached mounting plate 6 at its bottom end by grouting and anchor insertion; this installation method utilizes the filling and solidification characteristics of grouting and the anchoring effect of anchor rods to ensure that the mounting base 1 will not shift when subjected to the upper support structure and mining pressure; the height adjustment seat 2 is located at the upper end of the mounting base 1, and a hydraulic jack 7 is provided inside the mounting base 1, and the jacking end of the hydraulic jack 7 is fixedly connected to the height adjustment seat 2; by operating the folding handle of the hydraulic jack 7, the hydraulic oil is made to flow inside the hydraulic jack 7, thereby pushing the jacking end up or down, thereby adjusting the height of the height adjustment seat 2. When the height of the height adjustment seat 2 is adjusted, the swing plate 22 is rotated so that the protrusion 23 at the lower end of the swing plate 22 is engaged with the slot 9 on the socket, and then the two sets of locking assembly dials are released. Under the action of the rebound force of the second spring 30, the two abutting sliding blocks 25 begin to slide toward the outside of the sliding groove until the upper ends of the two abutting sliding blocks 25 are extended between the lower end of the swing plate 22 and the abutting card plate, thereby clamping and fixing the swing plate 22, and the swing plate 22 can no longer continue to rotate, so that the protrusion 23 at the lower end of the swing plate 22 is always engaged with the slot 9 on the socket, preventing the height adjustment seat 2 from falling accidentally.

[0051] In step 2, the support base 3 is mounted on the upper ends of the two height adjustment bases 2. The two height adjustment bases 2 and the support base 3 are fixedly connected by several bolts. This connection method ensures the stability of the support base 3. The support base 3 has a D-shaped support structure, which is conducive to dispersing the pressure transmitted from above. Multiple detection rods 11 are symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the support base 3. The detection rods 11 extend into the limit cylinder 27 on the support base 3. The abutment detection pads 28 at the ends of the detection rods 11 abut against the matching abutment rods 34. At the same time, the abutment detection columns 29 on the side walls of the detection rods 11 contact the matching detection pads 31 under the action of the second spring 30. Through these structures, structural changes within the support base 3 can be detected in real time. For example, when the support base 3 is subjected to large pressure and slightly deforms, the relative position relationship between the detection rods 11, the limit cylinder 27, and the matching detection pads 31 will change, thereby enabling the timely detection of potential safety hazards.

[0052] In step three, a buffer mechanism 13 is installed between the support base 3 and the conductive support plate 4. A connecting tube 19 in the buffer mechanism 13 is fixed to the support base 3, and a sliding rod 18 is movably mounted within the connecting tube 19. The extension length of the sliding rod 18 can be adjusted by threading a threaded adjustment plate 21 onto the threaded groove at the lower end of the connecting tube 19. A buffer spring 20 is installed between the threaded adjustment plate 21 and the sliding rod 18. When the conductive support plate 4 is subjected to sudden pressure impact from above, the buffer spring 20 absorbs some of the energy, reducing the impact force on the entire support structure. The conductive support plate 4 is rotatably mounted on the top of the sliding rod 18. The angle of the conductive support plate 4 can be adjusted according to actual mining conditions to better adapt to the direction of pressure transmission from above. A pinning block 12 at the side of the conductive support plate 4 is rotatably mounted via a rotating connecting shaft 14. The pinning block 12 is provided with a through-hole for a grouting anchor rod, which further secures the conductive support plate 4 and enhances its stability.

[0053] Step 4. During the installation process, the overall length of the support mechanism 5 can be adjusted by rotating the adjustment sleeve 17 to adapt to different installation angles and connection requirements. This design can ensure that when the entire support structure is subjected to forces in different directions, the support mechanism 5 can effectively transmit force, maintain the integrity of the structure, and prevent separation or loosening of local structures.

[0054] Step 5: Rotate the adjustment ring 32 on the upper side of the detection mechanism. Since the adjustment ring 32 is threadedly connected to the detection rod 11, it can control the detection rod 11 to slide along its axial direction, thereby adjusting the length of the detection rod 11 extending into the two limit cylinders 27, and thus adjusting the deflection accuracy of the sensing component extending into the detection rod 11. Rotate the adjustment ring 32 on the lower side of the detection mechanism. Since the adjustment ring 32 is threadedly connected to the mating abutment rod 34, it can control the mating abutment rod 34 to slide along its axial direction, thereby fine-tuning the distance between the mating abutment rod 34 and the detection rod 11, thereby adjusting the detection accuracy of the abutment detection gasket 28. At the same time, the mating abutment rod 34 can also be controlled to directly abut the detection rod 11, thereby enhancing the stability of the device.

[0055] Step six. Finally, during the coal mining process, the entire support structure is subjected to pressure from multiple aspects such as the upper coal seam and mining equipment; the pressure is transmitted to the support base 3 through the conductive support plate 4, and the D-shaped structure of the support base 3 disperses the pressure to the height adjustment seat 2 and the mounting base 1 below; the mounting base 1 adopts a firm bottom installation method, which can stably transmit the pressure to the ground; in this process, the height adjustment seat 2 can be adjusted in height according to the actual mining situation to adapt to the height changes of different mining layers; the buffer mechanism 13 continuously adjusts the position and angle of the conductive support plate 4 to ensure effective transmission of pressure; the support mechanism 5 always maintains effective connection between the various components to prevent the structure from loosening; at the same time, the detection structure such as the detection extension rod 11 continuously monitors the internal status of the support base 3. Once an abnormal situation is found, timely measures can be taken, such as stopping the mining operation to repair or adjust the support structure, thereby ensuring the safety and efficiency of the entire coal mining process.

[0056] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A coal mining support structure, characterized by: The invention comprises two left-right symmetrical mounting bases (1), wherein a height adjustment base (2) is respectively provided at the upper end of the two mounting bases (1) via a lifting mechanism (8), and a group of retractable support mechanisms (5) are rotatably provided on both the front and rear sides of each height adjustment base (2); a D-shaped support base (3) is fixedly provided between the two height adjustment bases (2), wherein the support base (3) comprises an arc segment and a horizontal segment distributed up and down, and the two ends of the arc segment are fixedly connected to the two ends of the horizontal segment, and a plurality of buffer mechanisms (13) are provided on the arc segment of the support base (3), and each group of buffer mechanisms (13) is away from A circular arc-shaped conductive support plate (4) is rotatably provided at one end of the support base (3); a plurality of detection mechanisms are provided inside the support base (3); the detection mechanisms include a detection extension rod (11), a limit cylinder (27), an adjustment swivel (32), an abutment detection gasket (28), an abutment detection column (29), a second spring (30), a matching detection gasket (31), and a matching abutment rod (34); a mounting ring is fixedly provided on the inner side surface of the horizontal section and the inner side surface of the circular arc section of the support base (3), and an adjustment swivel (32) is rotatably provided on the end surfaces of the two mounting rings that are close to each other. ), a limiting cylinder (27) is rotatably provided on the end faces of the two adjusting rings (32) close to each other, and the same detection extension rod (11) is slidably inserted inside the two limiting cylinders (27); an external thread is provided on the upper end of the outer surface of the detection extension rod (11), and the external thread on the detection extension rod (11) is screwed to the inner side of the upper adjusting ring (32); a same matching abutment rod (34) is slidably inserted inside the lower adjusting ring (32) and the limiting cylinder (27), and the matching abutment rod (34) is screwed to the inner side of the lower adjusting ring (32); when the detection extension rod (11) is close to the matching An abutment detection gasket (28) is fixedly provided at the center of one end face of the abutment rod (34); a circle of fixed grooves arranged in a circular array is provided at the lower end of the outer side face of the detection extension rod (11); a matching detection gasket (31) is fixedly provided at the inner end of each fixed groove; a second spring (30) is provided inside each fixed groove; an inner end of the second spring (30) is fixedly connected to the matching detection gasket (31); an outer end of the second spring (30) is fixedly provided with an abutment detection column (29); an end of the abutment detection column (29) is in sliding contact with the inner side face of the lower limit cylinder (27).

2. A coal mining support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting base (1) is a square box structure with an open upper end, and a ground-attached mounting plate (6) is fixedly provided on the lower end surface of the mounting base (1).

3. A coal mining support structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism (8) includes a hydraulic jack (7), a socket, a slot (9), and a swing plate (22); a hydraulic jack (7) is fixedly arranged inside the mounting base (1), and a square socket is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the height adjustment base (2), the socket is plugged downward into the upper end opening of the mounting base (1), and the lifting end of the hydraulic jack (7) is fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the socket; on the end surface of the socket away from the mounting base (1) on the other side, a vertical direction is formed. A row of equally spaced card slots (9) is provided; a mounting slot is provided at the upper end of the side wall of the mounting base (1) away from the other side of the mounting base (1); a rotating shaft (24) is fixedly provided inside the mounting slot; a swing plate (22) is rotatably sleeved on the outer side of the rotating shaft (24); a triangular protrusion (23) is fixedly provided at the lower end of the end surface of the swing plate (22) on one side close to the socket; and a contact card extending obliquely downward is fixedly provided at the middle of the end surface of the swing plate (22) on the side away from the socket.

4. A coal mining support structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: A sliding groove is provided on the inner wall of the mounting groove on both sides of the swing plate (22), and a group of locking components are provided inside each sliding groove; the locking component includes a contact sliding block (25), a first spring (26), and a dial plate, the contact sliding block (25) is slidingly provided inside the sliding groove along the front-back direction, the edge of the upper end face of the contact sliding block (25) close to the plug seat is a rounded structure, and the edge of the upper end face of the contact sliding block (25) away from the plug seat is a right-angle structure; two first springs (26) are fixedly provided at one end of the inner side of the sliding groove, and the end of the first spring (26) is connected to the contact sliding block (25); a dial plate is fixedly provided on the end face of the side of the contact sliding block (25) away from the plug seat, and a dial groove is provided on the side wall of the sliding groove, and the dial plate passes through the dial groove and extends to the outside of the mounting base (1).

5. A coal mining support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support mechanism (5) comprises a fixed plate, two connecting blocks (15), two matching threaded rods (16), and an adjustment sleeve (17); the two connecting blocks (15) are distributed up and down, and a matching threaded rod (16) is fixedly provided on the end surfaces of the two connecting blocks (15) close to each other. An adjustment sleeve (17) is provided between the two connecting blocks (15), and the interior of the openings at both ends of the adjustment sleeve (17) is provided with internal threads, and the two matching threaded rods (16) are respectively screwed to the interior of the openings at both ends of the adjustment sleeve (17); the upper connecting block (15) is rotatably provided on the fixed plate, and the fixed plate is fixedly provided on the height adjustment seat (2).

6. A coal mining support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two height adjustment seats (2) are fixedly connected to the two ends of the lower end surface of the horizontal section of the support base (3) through bolts respectively; two left-right symmetrical interlaced connection frames (10) are fixedly provided on the lower end surface of the horizontal section of the support base (3).

7. A coal mining support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of mounting holes communicating with each other are provided on the arc section of the support base (3), and a set of buffer mechanisms (13) are provided inside each mounting hole; the buffer mechanism (13) comprises a connecting tube (19), a buffer spring (20), a threaded adjustment plate (21), and a sliding rod (18); the connecting tube (19) is a cylindrical structure with two ends open, the connecting tube (19) is fixedly provided inside the mounting hole, and an internal thread is provided inside the connecting tube (19); a threaded adjustment plate ( 21), a buffer spring (20) is provided inside the connecting tube (19), and the buffer spring (20) is connected to the threaded adjustment plate (21); a sliding rod (18) is slidably inserted into the opening at one end outside the connecting tube (19), and a sliding plate is fixedly provided at one end of the sliding rod (18) located inside the connecting tube (19), and the sliding plate is connected to the buffer spring (20); the end of the sliding rod (18) located outside the connecting tube (19) is rotatably connected to the middle part of the inner arc surface of the conductive support plate (4).

8. The coal mining support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of conductive support plates (4) are arranged adjacent to each other, and the plurality of conductive support plates (4) are all in contact with the top wall of the tunnel; a plurality of pinning blocks (12) are rotatably arranged on the front and rear sides of each conductive support plate (4) via a rotating connecting shaft (14), and a through hole for inserting a grouting fixing anchor rod is opened on the pinning block (12).

9. A coal mining support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection mechanism also includes a rotating block (33), an anti-loosening abutment plate (35), and an adjusting bolt (36); a circular mounting groove is respectively provided inside the openings at one end of the two mounting rings that are close to each other, and a circular mounting groove is respectively provided inside the openings at one end of the two limiting cylinders (27) that are away from each other; a circular rotating block (33) is fixedly provided on the outer side of the openings at both ends of each adjusting rotating ring (32), and the cross section of the rotating block (33) is an L-shaped structure. The rotating blocks (33) at both ends of the adjusting rotating ring (32) are respectively Inserted into the mounting groove of the mounting ring and the limiting cylinder (27) on the same side; two symmetrical anti-loosening abutment plates (35) are slidably arranged inside the mounting grooves of the mounting ring and the limiting cylinder (27), and the cross section of the anti-loosening abutment plates (35) is an L-shaped structure. The two anti-loosening abutment plates (35) are both engaged with the rotating block (33) extending into the mounting groove; two adjusting bolts (36) are respectively inserted into the side walls of the mounting grooves of the mounting ring and the limiting cylinder (27), and the two adjusting bolts (36) are respectively screwed with the two anti-loosening abutment plates (35).

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