Top coal caving hydraulic support with crushing device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine mechanical equipment, in particular to a top coal caving hydraulic support with a crushing device, which comprises a first crushing assembly arranged on the upper end face of a top beam and a second crushing assembly arranged on the upper end face of a tail beam, the first crushing assembly comprises breaking ridges which extend in the length direction of the top beam and are evenly distributed in the width direction of the top beam at intervals, and crushing ridges which extend in the width direction of the top beam and are evenly distributed in the length direction of the top beam at intervals. The top coal caving hydraulic support has the beneficial effects that the breaking ridge and the crushing ridge can be partially embedded into top coal under the support of the top beam and the heavy pressure of the top coal, so that the top coal is crushed to a certain extent in the length and width directions of the top beam, and then after the top coal caving hydraulic support moves, the tail beam can arrive at the lower end of the top coal which is crushed just now to be supported; and then the crushing drill bit penetrates through the crushing through hole to further crush the top coal, and the large top coal is crushed more actively, so that the coal mining efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coal mine mechanical equipment, and particularly relates to a top coal caving hydraulic support with a crushing device. Background Art

[0002] The hydraulic support in a fully mechanized coal mining face is used in conjunction with a scraper conveyor and a shearer to form the "three machines" of the coal mining face. Hydraulic supports are classified into basic supports, transition supports, end supports, and advanced supports according to their positions during operation; and are classified into full-height mining supports, top coal caving supports, mesh-laying supports, and backfilling supports according to the applicable coal mining methods. The top coal caving hydraulic support is used in conjunction with the scraper conveyors at both ends of the top coal caving face. Top coal caving mining means that a coal mining face is arranged at the bottom of a gently inclined thick coal seam or at the bottom of a certain section of a steeply inclined thick coal seam for coal mining. The mined coal falls into the front conveyor, and the upper coal body is affected by the self-gravity of the coal and the mine pressure, etc., and collapses behind the fully mechanized coal mining face, and is discharged through the coal discharge port onto the rear scraper conveyor of the fully mechanized coal mining face. The fully mechanized top coal caving mining method combines fully mechanized coal mining and top coal caving technology. The shearer cuts coal at the bottom of the coal seam and transports it out by the front conveyor. The uncut coal seam (top coal) at the top is broken under the action of mine pressure or the assistance of the support, and is recovered by the rear conveyor through the coal discharge port at the rear of the hydraulic support, realizing the integrated operation of "cutting at the bottom and discharging at the top". This method has the advantages of low drivage rate, high efficiency, strong adaptability, low cost, good input-output effect, turning the reserve advantage of extra-thick coal seams into production and efficiency advantages, and becoming one of the technical development directions for realizing intensive high-yield and high-efficiency production in thick and extra-thick coal seam mines in China.

[0003] In the prior art, a top coal caving hydraulic support generally includes a top beam, columns, a base, a shielding beam, a four-bar linkage mechanism, and a coal discharging mechanism composed of a tail beam and a flap. The top coal caving hydraulic support has stable support, continuous coal discharge ports, less back ridge loss, good coal discharging effect, small equipment investment for thick coal seam mining, high cost performance, and is suitable for thick coal seams with medium hardness or below and obvious or good joints and fissures. However, during the coal mining process, it is inevitable to encounter a single coal block with a relatively large volume. The top coal can only be discharged from the coal discharge port when it is completely changed into loose and broken coal blocks at the upper, middle, or tail of the support top beam. For a single coal block with a relatively large volume, the traditional top coal caving hydraulic support cannot actively and effectively crush the top coal and increase the top coal discharge rate, thus affecting the coal mining efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a top coal caving hydraulic support with a crushing device that can crush relatively large coal blocks in the top coal. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (1) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a top-coal caving hydraulic support with a crushing device, which solves the technical problem that the existing top-coal caving hydraulic support cannot crush large-sized coal blocks in the top coal.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the above object, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0009] An embodiment of the present invention provides a top-coal caving hydraulic support with a crushing device, which includes a first crushing assembly arranged on the upper end surface of the top beam and a second crushing assembly arranged on the tail beam; the first crushing assembly includes dividing ridges extending along the length direction of the top beam and evenly spaced along the width direction of the top beam, and crushing ridges extending along the width direction of the top beam and evenly spaced along the length direction of the top beam. The edges of the dividing ridges and the crushing ridges are vertically upward and protrude from the upper end surface of the top beam; the second crushing assembly includes crushing drills perpendicular to the upper end surface of the tail beam and evenly arranged in an array on the tail beam, and crushing perforations are evenly spaced on the tail beam for the crushing drills to slide vertically into the tail beam and protrude from the upper end surface of the tail beam.

[0010] Optionally, both the dividing ridges and the crushing ridges are regular triangular prisms, and the dividing ridges and the crushing ridges are detachably connected to the upper end surface of the top beam.

[0011] Optionally, multiple groups of positioning magnetic columns are vertically arranged on the upper end surface of the top beam, and positioning insertion holes for the positioning magnetic columns to be magnetically inserted are vertically opened on the three rectangular side surfaces of the dividing ridges and the crushing ridges.

[0012] Optionally, crushing nails are evenly distributed along the length directions of the three edges of the dividing ridges and the crushing ridges respectively, and embedding grooves for partial embedding of the crushing nails are opened on both sides of each group of positioning magnetic columns on the upper end surface of the top beam.

[0013] Optionally, multiple groups of angle adjustment assemblies for driving each dividing ridge and crushing ridge to rotate around its own length direction as the axis direction are arranged on the upper end surface of the top beam, and the angle adjustment assemblies and the two adjacent positioning magnetic columns are located in the same vertical plane.

[0014] Optionally, a cavity is formed inside the top beam. A positioning plate is vertically slidably arranged inside the cavity of the top beam. The positioning magnetic column is fixed to the upper end surface of the positioning plate. A through hole is formed in the upper end surface of the top beam for the positioning magnetic column to insert and penetrate through to the upper end surface of the top beam. The angle adjusting assembly includes an angle adjusting table and an angle adjusting gear. The angle adjusting table is vertically slidably arranged inside the top beam. The top of the angle adjusting table penetrates through to the upper end surface of the top beam. An arc-shaped groove is formed in the top of the angle adjusting table. The angle adjusting gear is rotatably connected to the bottom of the arc-shaped groove. A ring groove is formed in the middle of the breaking ridge and the crushing ridge to form an angle adjusting shaft. As the angle adjusting table vertically moves upward, the angle adjusting shaft inserts into the arc-shaped groove and jacks up the breaking ridge and the crushing ridge to separate them from the upper surface of the top beam, forming a rotating space for the breaking ridge and the crushing ridge. A tooth ring meshing with the angle adjusting gear is coaxially arranged on the circumferential side of the angle adjusting shaft. As the tooth ring rotates, the breaking ridge and the crushing ridge can be driven to rotate.

[0015] Optionally, a push plate is arranged parallel to the lower end surface of the tail beam. A push oil cylinder for pushing the push plate to move towards the tail beam is arranged on the side of the push plate away from the tail beam. Motors for driving the crushing drill bits to rotate are vertically and evenly spaced and fixed to the end surface of the push plate close to the tail beam.

[0016] Optionally, guide columns are vertically arranged at the corners of the lower end surface of the tail beam. Guide holes for the guide columns to pass through are formed in the push plate. Support frames for fixing the push oil cylinder are arranged at the ends of the multiple guide columns away from the tail beam.

[0017] Optionally, multiple sealing plates are slidably arranged inside the tail beam. The sealing plates block or expose the crushing perforations as they move.

[0018] Optionally, a sliding cavity for the sealing plates to slide is formed inside the tail beam. An inclined upward chute communicating with the crushing perforation is formed in the top wall of the sliding cavity of the tail beam. One end of the chute is flush with the top wall of the sliding cavity, and the other end of the chute is connected to the top opening of the crushing perforation. Springs are vertically arranged on the upper end surfaces of the sealing plates. Limiting plates are arranged at the ends of the springs away from the sealing plates. Insertion columns are arranged at the ends of the limiting plates away from the springs. The insertion columns can move along the inclined side surfaces of the chutes as the sealing plates move, sliding upward from the bottom ends of the chutes into the crushing perforations until they are flush with the upper end surface of the tail beam, and can also slide downward from the top ends of the chutes to the bottom ends of the chutes along the inclined side surfaces of the chutes as the sealing plates move.

[0019] (III) Beneficial effects

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: A caving hydraulic support with a crushing device according to the present invention includes a first crushing assembly disposed on the upper end surface of the top beam and a second crushing assembly disposed on the tail beam; the first crushing assembly includes breaking ridges extending along the length direction of the top beam and evenly spaced along the width direction of the top beam, and crushing ridges extending along the width direction of the top beam and evenly spaced along the length direction of the top beam. The edges of the breaking ridges and the crushing ridges are vertically upward and protrude from the upper end surface of the top beam; the second crushing assembly includes crushing drills perpendicular to the upper end surface of the tail beam and evenly arranged on the tail beam. The tail beam is evenly spaced with crushing perforations for the crushing drills to slide vertically into the tail beam and protrude from the upper end surface of the tail beam. Compared with the prior art, the first crushing assembly will crush the top coal to a certain extent. Under the support of the top beam and the heavy pressure of the top coal, the breaking ridges and the crushing ridges will partially embed into the top coal, thereby crushing the top coal to a certain extent along the length and width directions of the top beam. Subsequently, after the caving hydraulic support moves, the tail beam will come to support the lower end of the just-crushed top coal. Then, the top coal can be further crushed by the crushing drills passing through the crushing perforations, more actively crushing the large pieces of top coal, thereby improving the coal mining efficiency and being more convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the caving hydraulic support with a crushing device according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a cross-sectional view of the top beam in the caving hydraulic support with a crushing device shown;

[0023] Figure 3 is Figure 1 a cross-sectional view of the tail beam in the caving hydraulic support with a crushing device shown;

[0024] Figure 4 FIG. 22 is a partial schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the caving hydraulic support with a crushing device according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 is Figure 4 an enlarged view of part A in the caving hydraulic support with a crushing device shown.

[0026] DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0027] 1: top beam; 11: cavity; 12: positioning plate; 13: positioning magnetic column; 14: through hole; 15: angle adjustment assembly; 151: angle adjustment table; 1511: arc groove; 152: angle adjustment gear; 16: embedding groove;

[0028] 2: Tail beam; 21: Crushing perforation; 22: Sliding cavity; 23: Sealing plate; 231: Spring; 232: Limiting plate; 233: Insertion post; 24: Chute;

[0029] 3: First crushing component; 31: Breaking ridge; 311: Ring groove; 312: Angle adjusting shaft; 313: Tooth ring; 314: Crushing nail; 315: Positioning jack; 32: Crushing ridge;

[0030] 4: Second crushing component; 41: Crushing drill bit; 42: Guide post; 43: Support frame; 44: Pushing oil cylinder; 45: Pushing plate; 451: Guide hole; 46: Motor. Specific embodiments

[0031] For better explaining the present invention for easy understanding, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings through specific embodiments.

[0032] In the caving hydraulic support with a crushing device proposed in the embodiment of the present invention, when coal is mined through the caving hydraulic support, the top beam 1 directly supports at the lower end of the top coal. At this time, the first crushing component 3 will crush the top coal to a certain extent. Under the support of the top beam 1 and the heavy pressure of the top coal, the breaking ridge 31 and the crushing ridge 32 will partially embed into the top coal, thereby crushing the top coal to a certain extent along the length and width directions of the top beam 1. Subsequently, after the caving hydraulic support moves, the tail beam 2 will come to support at the lower end of the just-crushed top coal. Then, the top coal can be further crushed by passing the crushing drill bit 41 through the crushing perforation 21, more actively crushing the large pieces of top coal, thereby improving the coal mining efficiency and being more convenient.

[0033] To better understand the above technical solution, the exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a clearer and more thorough understanding of the present invention and to be able to convey the scope of the present invention completely to those skilled in the art.

[0034] Embodiment 1:

[0035] Referring to Figures 1 to 3 , this embodiment proposes a caving hydraulic support with a crushing device for crushing the top coal in a fully mechanized coal mining face of a coal mine. Specifically, the caving hydraulic support with a crushing device in this embodiment includes a first crushing component 3 provided on the upper end face of the top beam 1 and a second crushing component 4 provided on the tail beam 2, which are described in detail below.

[0036] In this embodiment, the first crushing assembly 3 includes breaking ridges 31 extending along the length direction of the top beam 1 and evenly spaced along the width direction of the top beam 1, and crushing ridges 32 extending along the width direction of the top beam 1 and evenly spaced along the length direction of the top beam 1. The edges of the breaking ridges 31 and the crushing ridges 32 are vertically upward and protrude from the upper end surface of the top beam 1. When coal is taken through a caving hydraulic support, the top beam 1 directly supports the lower end of the top coal. At this time, the first crushing assembly 3 will crush the top coal to a certain extent. Under the support of the top beam 1 and the heavy pressure of the top coal, the breaking ridges 31 and the crushing ridges 32 will partially embed into the top coal, thereby crushing the top coal to a certain extent along the length and width directions of the top beam 1.

[0037] Furthermore, both the breaking ridges 31 and the crushing ridges 32 are regular triangular prisms, and the breaking ridges 31 and the crushing ridges 32 are detachably connected to the upper end surface of the top beam 1. This enables each edge of the breaking ridges 31 and the crushing ridges 32 to achieve a crushing effect. As coal mining continues, after long-term use of the breaking ridges 31 and the crushing ridges 32, the edges for crushing the top coal will be ground. By detachably connecting the breaking ridges 31 and the crushing ridges 32 to the upper end surface of the top beam 1, the service life of the breaking ridges 31 and the crushing ridges 32 can be improved.

[0038] Furthermore, multiple groups of positioning magnetic posts 13 are vertically arranged on the upper end surface of the top beam 1, and positioning jacks 315 for the positioning magnetic posts 13 to be magnetically inserted are vertically opened on the three rectangular side surfaces of the breaking ridges 31 and the crushing ridges 32. By arranging multiple groups of positioning magnetic posts 13 on the upper end surface of the top beam 1, when installing the breaking ridges 31 and the crushing ridges 32, it only needs to align the positioning magnetic posts 13 and insert them into the positioning jacks 315, making the installation and replacement of the breaking ridges 31 and the crushing ridges 32 more convenient.

[0039] Furthermore, crushing nails 314 are evenly distributed along the length directions of the three edges of the breaking ridges 31 and the crushing ridges 32 respectively, and embedding grooves 16 for partial embedding of the crushing nails 314 are opened on both sides of each group of positioning magnetic posts 13 on the upper end surface of the top beam 1. When the top beam 1 supports the top coal, the crushing nails 314 can be inserted into the top coal more easily, thereby facilitating the crushing of the top coal by the breaking ridges 31 and the crushing ridges 32 and making the crushing process more convenient and fast. The embedding grooves 16 on the upper end surface of the top beam 1 can enable the crushing nails 314 on the two edges abutting against the upper end surface of the top beam 1 to be partially embedded into the embedding grooves 16, enhancing the connection strength between the breaking ridges 31, the crushing ridges 32 and the top beam 1 to a certain extent.

[0040] Furthermore, the second crushing component 4 includes crushing bits 41 that are arranged on the upper end surface of the vertical tail beam 2 and are evenly distributed in an array on the tail beam 2. Crushing perforations 21 are evenly spaced on the tail beam 2 for the crushing bits 41 to slide into and penetrate through the upper end surface of the tail beam 2 along the direction of the vertical tail beam 2. The crushing bits 41 can further crush the caving coal moving downward, and the crushing bits 41 are evenly distributed on the surface of the tail beam 2, facilitating the uniform crushing of the caving coal.

[0041] Furthermore, a push plate 45 is arranged parallel to the lower end surface of the tail beam 2. A push oil cylinder 44 for pushing the push plate 45 to move towards the tail beam 2 is arranged on the side of the push plate 45 away from the tail beam 2. Motors 46 for driving the crushing bits 41 to rotate are vertically and evenly spaced and fixed on the end surface of the push plate 45 close to the tail beam 2. Guide columns 42 are vertically arranged at the corners of the lower end surface of the tail beam 2. Guide holes 451 for the guide columns 42 to pass through are formed on the push plate 45. Support frames 43 for fixing the push oil cylinder 44 are arranged at the ends of the plurality of guide columns 42 away from the tail beam 2. The push oil cylinder 44 pushes the push plate 45 to move, and the guide columns 42 will guide and limit the push plate 45, making the movement of the push plate 45 more stable. The push plate 45 drives the motors 46 to move, and the motors 46 work, so that the crushing bits 41 rotate and penetrate through the crushing perforations 21, thus completing the crushing work.

[0042] Further, a sliding cavity 22 is formed inside the tail beam 2. A plurality of sealing plates 23 are horizontally slidably arranged in the sliding cavity 22. The sealing plates 23 block or expose the crushing perforation 21 as they move. An inclined upward chute 24 communicating with the crushing perforation 21 is formed in the top wall of the sliding cavity 22 of the tail beam 2. One end of the chute 24 is flush with the top wall of the sliding cavity 22, and the other end of the chute 24 is connected to the top opening of the crushing perforation 21. A spring 231 is vertically arranged on the upper end surface of the sealing plate 23. A limiting plate 232 is arranged at one end of the spring 231 away from the sealing plate 23. A plug post 233 is arranged at one end of the limiting plate 232 away from the spring 231. The plug post 233 can move along the inclined side surface of the chute 24 with the movement of the sealing plate 23, and slide upward from the bottom end of the chute 24 into the crushing perforation 21 until it is flush with the upper end surface of the tail beam 2. The plug post 233 can move along the inclined side surface of the chute 24 with the movement of the sealing plate 23, and slide downward from the top end of the chute 24 to the bottom end of the chute 24. When the crushing perforation 21 is blocked by the sealing plate 23, the sealing plate 23 moves in the sliding cavity 22 towards the side where the crushing perforation 21 is formed. During the movement, the plug post 233 continuously abuts against the bottom wall of the chute 24 under the action of the spring 231 and slides along the slide until it aligns with the crushing perforation 21. At this time, the plug post 233 is completely inserted into the crushing perforation 21, and the top of the plug post 233 is aligned with the upper end surface of the tail beam 2. When the sealing plate 23 is reset, the plug post 233 will be guided by the chute 24 to disengage from the crushing perforation 21 and slide along the chute 24, so that the crushing perforation 21 will be flush with the upper end surface of the tail beam 2 when it is blocked, preventing coal slag from falling into the crushing perforation 21 during coal extraction, thus affecting normal crushing and coal extraction operations.

[0043] Embodiment 2:

[0044] Referring to Figure 4 and Figure 5 In this embodiment, by arranging the angle adjustment assembly 15 below the dividing ridge 31 and the crushing ridge 32, not only can the top coal be rotated and crushed, but also the orientation of the crushing nail 314 can be replaced, increasing the service life of the crushing nail 314, which is described in detail below.

[0045] Further, a plurality of angle adjustment assemblies 15 for driving each dividing ridge 31 and crushing ridge 32 to rotate about the axis direction of their own lengths are arranged on the upper end surface of the top beam 1. The angle adjustment assembly 15 and the two adjacent positioning magnetic columns 13 are located in the same vertical plane. By arranging the angle adjustment assembly 15, the angle adjustment assembly 15 can rotate the dividing ridge 31 and the crushing ridge 32, and the rotation can perform rotary crushing on the top coal. Preferably, when the rotation angle is 120 degrees each time, each angle adjustment can replace the edge of the dividing ridge 31 and the crushing ridge 32 in contact with the top coal, thereby ensuring the crushing efficiency of the top coal and extending the service life of the crushing nail 314.

[0046] Furthermore, a cavity 11 is formed inside the top beam 1. A positioning plate 12 is vertically slidably arranged inside the cavity 11 of the top beam 1. A positioning magnetic column 13 is fixed to the upper end face of the positioning plate 12. A through hole 14 is formed in the upper end face of the top beam 1 for the positioning magnetic column 13 to insert and penetrate through to the upper end face of the top beam 1. The angle adjustment assembly 15 includes an angle adjustment table 151 and an angle adjustment gear 152. The angle adjustment table 151 is vertically slidably arranged inside the top beam 1, and the top of the angle adjustment table 151 penetrates through to the upper end face of the top beam 1. An arc-shaped groove 1511 is formed at the top of the angle adjustment table 151. The angle adjustment gear 152 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the arc-shaped groove 1511. A ring groove 311 is formed in the middle of the breaking ridge 31 and the crushing ridge 32 to form an angle adjustment shaft 312. As the angle adjustment table 151 vertically moves upward, the angle adjustment shaft 312 is inserted into the arc-shaped groove 1511, and the breaking ridge 31 and the crushing ridge 32 are lifted off the upper surface of the top beam 1, forming a rotation space for the breaking ridge 31 and the crushing ridge 32. A tooth ring 313 meshing with the angle adjustment gear 152 is coaxially arranged on the peripheral side of the angle adjustment shaft 312. As the tooth ring 313 rotates, the breaking ridge 31 and the crushing ridge 32 can be driven to rotate. When the angle adjustment table 151 vertically moves upward to separate the breaking ridge 31 and the crushing ridge 32 from the upper surface of the top beam 1, a certain distance is formed between the breaking ridge 31, the crushing ridge 32 and the upper surface of the top beam 1, thus forming a rotation space. This rotation space allows the breaking ridge 31 and the crushing ridge 32 to rotate around their own length directions. After rotating 120 degrees, the angle adjustment table 151 retracts, and the positioning magnetic column 13 penetrates through the through hole 14 and inserts into the positioning insertion hole 315 of the breaking ridge 31 and the crushing ridge 32, thereby positioning the breaking ridge 31 and the crushing ridge 32, and then completing the angle adjustment of the breaking ridge 31 and the crushing ridge 32. Moreover, the crushing nails 314 can also perform rotary crushing on the top coal.

[0047] Moreover, by slidably arranging the positioning plate 12 inside the top beam 1, the positioning plate 12 can drive the positioning magnetic column 13 to move synchronously, so that the positioning magnetic column 13 can retract or penetrate through the through hole 14, which is convenient for the operation of the angle adjustment assembly 15. When the angle adjustment assembly 15 operates, the positioning magnetic column 13 retracts. At this time, the positioning magnetic column 13 disengages from the positioning insertion hole 315. Then, the angle adjustment table 151 vertically moves upward until the angle adjustment shaft 312 of the breaking ridge 31 and the crushing ridge 32 is inserted into the arc-shaped groove 1511. At this time, the angle adjustment gear 152 meshes with the tooth ring 313. Then, the angle adjustment gear 152 is rotated, thereby driving the breaking ridge 31 and the crushing ridge 32 to rotate. After the rotation angle reaches 120 degrees, the angle adjustment table 151 retracts, and the positioning magnetic column 13 penetrates through the through hole 14 and inserts into the positioning insertion hole 315 of the breaking ridge 31 and the crushing ridge 32, thereby positioning the breaking ridge 31 and the crushing ridge 32, and then completing the angle adjustment of the breaking ridge 31 and the crushing ridge 32, making the angle adjustment of the breaking ridge 31 and the crushing ridge 32 more automatic, more convenient and faster.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality of" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0049] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "mounted", "connected", "coupled", "fixed", etc. shall be construed broadly. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it may be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0050] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, when the first feature is "on" or "under" the second feature, it may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, when the first feature is "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature, it may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. When the first feature is "under", "beneath" and "underneath" the second feature, it may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0051] In the description of this specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "embodiment", "example", "specific example" or "some examples", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0052] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A top-coal caving hydraulic support with a crushing device, characterized in that: It includes a first crushing component (3) arranged on the upper end surface of the top beam (1) and a second crushing component (4) arranged on the tail beam (2). The first crushing component (3) includes breaking ridges (31) extending along the length direction of the top beam (1) and evenly spaced along the width direction of the top beam (1), and crushing ridges (32) extending along the width direction of the top beam (1) and evenly spaced along the length direction of the top beam (1). The edges of the breaking ridges (31) and the crushing ridges (32) are vertically upward and protrude from the upper end surface of the top beam (1). The second crushing component (4) includes crushing drills (41) perpendicular to the upper end surface of the tail beam (2) and evenly arranged in an array on the tail beam (2). Crushing perforations (21) are evenly spaced on the tail beam (2) for the crushing drills (41) to slide vertically into and protrude from the upper end surface of the tail beam (2).

2. The caving hydraulic support with a crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the breaking ridges (31) and the crushing ridges (32) are regular triangular prisms, and the breaking ridges (31) and the crushing ridges (32) are detachably connected to the upper end surface of the top beam (1).

3. The caving hydraulic support with a crushing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Multiple groups of positioning magnetic columns (13) are vertically arranged on the upper end surface of the top beam (1). Positioning jacks (315) for the positioning magnetic columns (13) to be magnetically inserted are vertically opened on the three rectangular side surfaces of the breaking ridges (31) and the crushing ridges (32).

4. The caving hydraulic support with a crushing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Crushing nails (314) are evenly distributed along the length directions of the three edges of the breaking ridges (31) and the crushing ridges (32) respectively. Embedding grooves (16) for partial embedding of the crushing nails (314) are opened on both sides of each group of the positioning magnetic columns (13) on the upper end surface of the top beam (1).

5. The caving hydraulic support with a crushing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Multiple groups of angle adjustment components (15) for driving each of the breaking ridges (31) and the crushing ridges (32) to rotate around its own length direction as the axis direction are arranged on the upper end surface of the top beam (1). The angle adjustment components (15) and the two adjacent positioning magnetic columns (13) are located in the same vertical plane.

6. The caving hydraulic support with a crushing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A cavity (11) is opened inside the top beam (1). A positioning plate (12) is vertically slidably arranged inside the top beam (1) in the cavity (11). The positioning magnetic columns (13) are fixed on the upper end surface of the positioning plate (12). Through holes (14) for the positioning magnetic columns (13) to be inserted into and penetrate out of the upper end surface of the top beam (1) are opened on the upper end surface of the top beam (1). The angle - adjusting assembly (15) includes an angle - adjusting table (151) and an angle - adjusting gear (152). The angle - adjusting table (151) is vertically slidably arranged inside the top beam (1). The top of the angle - adjusting table (151) penetrates through to the upper end face of the top beam (1). An arc - shaped groove (1511) is formed at the top of the angle - adjusting table (151). The angle - adjusting gear (152) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the arc - shaped groove (1511). A ring groove (311) is formed in the middle of the breaking ridge (31) and the crushing ridge (32) to form an angle - adjusting shaft (312). As the angle - adjusting table (151) vertically moves upward, the angle - adjusting shaft (312) is inserted into the arc - shaped groove (1511), and the breaking ridge (31) and the crushing ridge (32) are lifted off the upper surface of the top beam (1), forming a rotating space for the breaking ridge (31) and the crushing ridge (32). A tooth ring (313) meshing with the angle - adjusting gear (152) is coaxially arranged on the circumferential side of the angle - adjusting shaft (312). As the tooth ring (313) rotates, the breaking ridge (31) and the crushing ridge (32) can be driven to rotate.

7. The caving hydraulic support with a crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A push plate (45) is arranged parallel to the lower end face of the tail beam (2). A push oil cylinder (44) for pushing the push plate (45) to move towards the tail beam (2) is arranged on one side of the push plate (45) away from the tail beam (2). Motors (46) for driving the crushing bits (41) to rotate are vertically and evenly spaced and fixed on the end face of the push plate (45) close to the tail beam (2).

8. The caving hydraulic support with a crushing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Guide columns (42) are vertically arranged at the corners of the lower end face of the tail beam (2). Guide holes (451) for the guide columns (42) to pass through are formed in the push plate (45). Support frames (43) for fixing the push oil cylinder (44) are arranged at the ends of multiple guide columns (42) away from the tail beam (2).

9. The caving hydraulic support with a crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple sealing plates (23) are slidably arranged inside the tail beam (2). As the sealing plates (23) move, they block or expose the crushing perforations (21).

10. The caving hydraulic support with a crushing device according to claim 9, characterized in that: A sliding cavity (22) for the sealing plates (23) to slide is formed inside the tail beam (2). A chute (24) inclined upward and communicating with the crushing perforation (21) is formed in the top wall of the sliding cavity (22) of the tail beam (2). One end of the chute (24) is flush with the top wall of the sliding cavity (22), and the other end of the chute (24) is connected to the top opening of the crushing perforation (21). A spring (231) is vertically arranged on the upper end surface of the closing plate (23). A limiting plate (232) is arranged at one end of the spring (231) away from the closing plate (23). A plug post (233) is arranged at one end of the limiting plate (232) away from the spring (231). The plug post (233) can move along with the closing plate (23) and thus slide upward along the inclined side surface of the sliding groove (24) from the bottom end of the sliding groove (24) into the crushing perforation (21) until it is flush with the upper end surface of the tail beam (2). The plug post (233) can also move along with the closing plate (23) and thus slide downward along the inclined side surface of the sliding groove (24) from the top end of the sliding groove (24) to the bottom end of the sliding groove (24).

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