Combined loading friction test device and method for gear shaft transmission assembly

Abstract

A combined loading friction test device for a gear shaft transmission assembly comprises a test bench, a temperature box, a vertical oil cylinder, a transverse oil cylinder and a longitudinal oil cylinder are arranged on the test bench, an assembly clamping seat is fixedly arranged in the temperature box, and the gear shaft transmission assembly is arranged in the assembly clamping seat. The gear shaft transmission assembly comprises an inner tooth torsion arm arranged in the horizontal transverse direction and an outer tooth core shaft extending into the inner tooth torsion arm in the vertical direction to form tooth fit, the inner tooth torsion arm is clamped by an assembly clamping seat, and an axial loading rod coaxially connected with a vertical oil cylinder extends into the incubator to be fixedly connected with the outer tooth core shaft. A radial loading rod which is coaxially connected with the transverse oil cylinder extends into the incubator and is connected with the axial loading rod; and a torsion loading rod which is coaxially connected with the longitudinal oil cylinder extends into the incubator and is hinged with the internal tooth torsion arm. According to the invention, more visual test scenes and effective test data closer to actual working conditions are provided for the design of the crowned tooth coupling, and reliable test support is provided for the development of products. The invention further provides a combined loading friction test method for the gear shaft transmission assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a composite loading friction test device and method for a tooth shaft transmission component, which is used for multi-directional loading tests of internal and external tooth mating transmission parts. Background Art

[0002] The drum-shaped tooth coupling belongs to a rigid-flexible coupling and has advantages such as the ability to compensate for axis deviations in the radial, axial, and angular directions. It is installed in the power transmission system of high-speed trains and is used for the connection between the traction motor of the bogie and the gear reducer. The drum-shaped tooth coupling plays a role in transmitting speed and torque. As a key component of the gear transmission system, it can transfer rotational motion and torque from one rotating part to another at a certain shaft intersection angle, and has characteristics such as a compact structure, strong load-bearing capacity, and a wide applicable speed range. It is increasingly widely used in mechanical equipment for transmission under complex working conditions such as rail transit, ships, and steel rolling. The drum-shaped tooth coupling of a high-speed train, as a core basic component of the high-speed train transmission device, is mainly composed of a pair of drum-shaped teeth with equal number of teeth and an internal gear ring. The drum-shaped tooth is a straight-tooth external gear with a spherical tooth tip and a drum-shaped tooth surface and tooth direction. The internal gear ring is a standard involute straight-tooth internal gear without any modification, which can compensate for the angular misalignment between the two shafts and adapt to the influence of the continuously changing shaft intersection angle between the motor shaft above the spring and the gear shaft below the spring on the transmission system. The shaft intersection angle variation range is -7° to 7°. It is prone to failure and fatigue damage when rotating at a swing angle. The load-bearing capacity and wear resistance of the drum-shaped tooth coupling directly determine whether the high-speed train can operate safely, efficiently, and reliably. In order to verify the product performance, it is very necessary to conduct a composite loading test on the load-bearing capacity and wear resistance of the drum-shaped tooth coupling.

[0003] In the prior art, generally, a finished product of a drum-shaped tooth coupling or a method of disassembling the drum-shaped tooth component into parts for single-directional loading part tests or superposition fitting tests is used to replace the true composite loading fatigue test. This is a horizontal torsional test, which cannot achieve temperature change and lubrication, and has a high test cost. The part test not only cannot reflect the service conditions of the drum-shaped tooth, but also has a long test cycle, and it is difficult to accurately characterize the load-bearing capacity, wear resistance, and fatigue life of the drum-shaped tooth under complex stress conditions. To accurately characterize the load-bearing capacity, wear resistance, and fatigue life of the drum-shaped tooth under complex stress conditions, an axial dynamic friction test and a three-way loading fatigue test under radial and torsional preloading conditions need to be carried out on the drum-shaped tooth coupling in a lubricated state. However, most of the existing friction tests are planar friction tests using a double-shear method, or radial, axial, and torsional tests of rubber joints. Since the drum-shaped tooth coupling is a transmission component composed of a drum-shaped tooth torsion shaft and a drum-shaped tooth sleeve, the existing planar friction test scheme and the rubber joint three-way loading test scheme cannot meet its test requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The compound loading friction test device and method for a gear shaft transmission component provided by the present invention have the same mating structure and lubrication state between the gear shaft transmission part and the drum coupling, realizing the axial dynamic friction test and three-way loading fatigue test of the radial and torsional preloading conditions of the gear shaft transmission component in the lubrication state, providing a more intuitive and actual working condition-like test scenario for the design of the drum gear coupling, providing more accurate and effective test data, and being able to replace the internal gear torsion arm and the external gear core shaft to meet the test requirements of gear shaft transmission components with different tooth shapes and diameters, providing reliable test support for product development.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: The compound loading friction test device for a gear shaft transmission component includes a test bench, on which a temperature chamber, a vertical oil cylinder guided by a cross beam and arranged vertically, a horizontal oil cylinder arranged horizontally transversely, and a longitudinal oil cylinder arranged horizontally longitudinally are installed. A clamping seat is fixedly assembled in the temperature chamber. It is characterized in that: a gear shaft transmission component is installed in the clamping seat. The gear shaft transmission component includes an internal gear torsion arm arranged horizontally transversely and an external gear core shaft extending vertically into the internal gear torsion arm to form a tooth fit. The internal gear torsion arm is clamped by the clamping seat. An axial loading rod coaxially connected to the vertical oil cylinder extends into the temperature chamber and is fixedly connected to the external gear core shaft. A radial loading rod coaxially connected to the horizontal oil cylinder extends into the temperature chamber and is connected to the axial loading rod. A torsional loading rod coaxially connected to the longitudinal oil cylinder extends into the temperature chamber and is hinged to the internal gear torsion arm. The internal gear torsion arm forms a torsional load with the loading of the longitudinal oil cylinder, and the external gear core shaft forms an axial load with the loading of the vertical oil cylinder and a radial load on the internal gear torsion arm with the loading of the horizontal oil cylinder.

[0006] Preferably, the clamping seat includes a base fixed in the temperature chamber, an assembly cylinder fixed on the base and opening upward, and an upper cover fixed on the assembly cylinder. A thrust ball bearing is arranged in the assembly cylinder. The internal gear torsion arm is clamped between two thrust ball bearings, and the upper cover presses the thrust ball bearing above the internal gear torsion arm.

[0007] Preferably, the internal gear torsion arm includes an internal gear sleeve with internal teeth on the inner wall, a sealing cover plate for sealing the bottom of the internal gear sleeve, and a force arm integrally formed radially along the internal gear sleeve. The force arm is arranged horizontally transversely and extends out of the clamping seat to be hinged to the torsional loading rod. Thrust ball bearings are arranged at the top of the internal gear sleeve and the bottom of the sealing cover plate, and lubricating oil is filled in the internal gear sleeve.

[0008] Preferably, a threaded connection hole is opened along the central axis at the upper end of the external gear core shaft. The lower end of the axial loading rod is screwed into the threaded connection hole and locked by a fastening nut assembled on the axial loading rod. The external gear core shaft is separated from the sealing cover plate and does not contact.

[0009] Preferably, a vertically arranged waist-shaped observation port is opened on the assembly cylinder.

[0010] Preferably, the axial loading rod has an oblong section with a quadrilateral cross-section. The upper cover is provided with a quadrilateral through-hole that matches the oblong section. The oblong section passes through the quadrilateral through-hole to extend the axial loading rod into the assembly cylinder. The external tooth core shaft is axially limited as the upper end of the oblong section contacts the upper cover.

[0011] Preferably, through-holes for the axial loading rod, the radial loading rod, and the torsional loading rod to extend into are respectively provided in the temperature-controlled box. Heat-insulating sleeves corresponding to the through-holes are fixed on the outer wall of the temperature-controlled box. The axial loading rod, the radial loading rod, and the torsional loading rod respectively pass through the corresponding heat-insulating sleeves.

[0012] Preferably, the heat-insulating sleeve includes a metal ring fixed to the outer wall of the temperature-controlled box and a flexible conical sleeve coaxially fixed to the metal ring and capable of flexible deformation as the corresponding loading rod moves. The flexible conical sleeve is made of a high-temperature-resistant composite material. The axial loading rod, the radial loading rod, and the torsional loading rod are respectively in coaxial sealing fit with the corresponding flexible conical sleeves.

[0013] Preferably, the inner end of the radial loading rod is in clearance fit and sleeved on the axial loading rod. The force arm is hinged to the torsional loading rod through a hinged connecting rod arranged horizontally and longitudinally. Two ends of the hinged connecting rod are respectively hinged to the free end of the force arm and the inner end of the torsional loading rod.

[0014] For the compound loading friction test method of the tooth shaft transmission component, the compound loading friction test device of the tooth shaft transmission component described above is used for the test. First, the temperature of the temperature-controlled box is adjusted according to the application environment temperature of the tooth shaft transmission component. The loading loads of the transverse oil cylinder and the longitudinal oil cylinder are determined according to the load-bearing working conditions of the tooth shaft transmission component. The loading load and the telescopic frequency of the vertical oil cylinder are determined according to the axial load-bearing situation of the tooth shaft transmission component. Then, the transverse oil cylinder and the longitudinal oil cylinder are started to form pre-torsion and pre-compression on the tooth shaft transmission component. Then, the vertical oil cylinder is started to drive the external tooth core shaft to perform axial reciprocating motion in the internal tooth torsion arm to form axial friction.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the invention are: The composite loading friction test device for the gear shaft transmission component of the present invention clamps the internal gear torsion arm with an assembly clamping seat, connects the external gear core shaft with an axial loading rod to form a vertical fit between the internal gear torsion arm and the external gear core shaft. Lubricating oil can be added to the internal gear torsion arm to form inter-tooth lubrication between the internal gear torsion arm and the external gear core shaft, so that the fit structure and lubrication state of the gear shaft transmission component formed by the tooth fit between the external gear core shaft and the internal gear torsion arm are the same as those of the drum-shaped coupling. The external gear core shaft is connected to the axial loading rod, the axial loading rod is connected to the radial loading rod, and the internal gear torsion arm is connected to the torsion loading rod. The vertical oil cylinder transmits the axial load to the external gear core shaft through the axial loading rod, the horizontal oil cylinder transmits the radial load to the external gear core shaft through the radial loading rod and the axial loading rod, and the longitudinal oil cylinder transmits the torsional load to the internal gear torsion arm through the torsion loading rod, forming a test load condition consistent with the load-bearing working condition of the drum-shaped tooth coupling. The test environment temperature is adjusted with a temperature chamber to make it the same as the application environment temperature of the drum-shaped tooth coupling. During the test, the horizontal oil cylinder forms a radial preload on the gear shaft transmission component, the longitudinal oil cylinder forms a pre-twist on the gear shaft transmission component, and the vertical oil cylinder forms an axial friction movement of the external gear core shaft on the internal gear torsion arm. Through the test, the friction performance of the gear shaft transmission component under the composite loading condition can be intuitively detected, and the load-bearing capacity, wear resistance, and fatigue life of the gear shaft transmission component under complex stress conditions can be accurately characterized and test data can be obtained. It realizes the axial dynamic friction test and three-way loading fatigue test of the gear shaft transmission component under the radial and torsional preload conditions in the lubrication state, provides a more intuitive and actual working condition-like test scenario for the design of the drum-shaped tooth coupling, and provides more accurate and effective test data. Moreover, the internal gear torsion arm and the external gear core shaft can be replaced to meet the test requirements of gear shaft transmission components with different tooth shapes and diameters, providing reliable test support for product development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the composite loading friction test device for the gear shaft transmission component of the present invention (in a semi-section state of the temperature chamber).

[0017] Figure 2 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the gear shaft transmission component installed in the assembly clamping seat and connected to the axial loading rod, radial loading rod, and torsion loading rod.

[0018] Figure 3 is Figure 2 cross-sectional view of.

[0019] Figure 4 is Figure 2 side view of.

[0020] Figure 5 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the gear shaft transmission component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0021] The following is combined with Figures 1 - 5A detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be given.

[0022] A composite loading friction test device for a gear shaft transmission assembly, comprising a test bench 1, on which a temperature chamber 2, a vertical oil cylinder 3 guided by a cross beam and arranged vertically, a horizontal oil cylinder 4 arranged horizontally in the transverse direction, and a longitudinal oil cylinder 5 arranged horizontally in the longitudinal direction are installed. A clamping seat 6 is fixedly assembled in the temperature chamber 2. It is characterized in that: a gear shaft transmission assembly 7 is installed in the clamping seat 6. The gear shaft transmission assembly 7 includes an internal gear torsion arm 8 arranged horizontally in the transverse direction and an external gear core shaft 9 extending vertically into the internal gear torsion arm 8 to form a tooth fit. The internal gear torsion arm 9 is clamped by the clamping seat 6. An axial loading rod 10 coaxially connected to the vertical oil cylinder 3 extends into the temperature chamber 2 and is fixedly connected to the external gear core shaft 9. A radial loading rod 11 coaxially connected to the horizontal oil cylinder 4 extends into the temperature chamber 2 and is connected to the axial loading rod 10. A torsion loading rod 12 coaxially connected to the longitudinal oil cylinder 5 extends into the temperature chamber 2 and is hinged to the internal gear torsion arm 8. The internal gear torsion arm 8 forms a torsional load with the loading of the longitudinal oil cylinder 5. The external gear core shaft 9 forms an axial load with the loading of the vertical oil cylinder 3 and forms a radial load on the internal gear torsion arm 5 with the loading of the horizontal oil cylinder 4.

[0023] The above-described composite loading friction test device for the tooth shaft transmission component clamps the internal tooth torsion arm 8 with the assembly clamping seat 6, connects the external tooth core shaft 9 with the axial loading rod 10 to form a vertical fit between the internal tooth torsion arm 8 and the external tooth core shaft 9. Lubricating oil can be added to the internal tooth torsion arm 8 to form inter-tooth lubrication between the internal tooth torsion arm 8 and the external tooth core shaft 9, so that the mating structure and lubrication state of the tooth shaft transmission part 7 formed by the tooth fit between the external tooth core shaft 9 and the internal tooth torsion arm 8 are the same as those of the drum coupling. The external tooth core shaft 9 is connected to the axial loading rod 10, the axial loading rod 10 is connected to the radial loading rod 11, and the internal tooth torsion arm 8 is connected to the torsion loading rod 12. The vertical oil cylinder 3 transmits the axial load to the external tooth core shaft 9 through the axial loading rod 10, the horizontal oil cylinder 4 transmits the radial load to the external tooth core shaft 9 through the radial loading rod 11 and the axial loading rod 10, and the longitudinal oil cylinder 5 transmits the torsional load to the internal tooth torsion arm 8 through the torsion loading rod 12, forming a test load condition consistent with the load-bearing working condition of the drum tooth coupling. The test environment temperature is adjusted by the temperature box 2 to make the test environment temperature the same as the application environment temperature of the drum tooth coupling. During the test, the horizontal oil cylinder 4 is used to form a radial preload on the tooth shaft transmission component 7, the longitudinal oil cylinder 5 is used to form a pre-twist on the tooth shaft transmission component 7, and the vertical oil cylinder 3 is used to form an axial frictional movement of the external tooth core shaft 9 on the internal tooth torsion arm 8. Through the test, the friction performance of the tooth shaft transmission component 7 under the composite loading condition is directly detected, and the load-bearing capacity, wear resistance and fatigue life of the tooth shaft transmission component 7 under complex stress conditions are accurately characterized and test data are obtained, realizing the axial dynamic friction test and three-way loading fatigue test of the radial and torsional preload conditions of the tooth shaft transmission component 7 in the lubrication state, providing a more intuitive and actual working condition-like test scenario for the design of the drum tooth coupling, and providing more accurate and effective test data. Moreover, the internal tooth torsion arm 8 and the external tooth core shaft 9 can be replaced to meet the test requirements of tooth shaft transmission components with different tooth profiles and diameters, providing reliable test support for product development.

[0024] Among them, the assembly clamping seat 6 includes a base 61 fixed in the temperature box 2, an assembly cylinder 62 fixed on the base 61 and opening upward, and an upper cover 63 fixed on the assembly cylinder 62. A thrust ball bearing 64 is arranged in the assembly cylinder 62, and the internal tooth torsion arm 8 is clamped between the two thrust ball bearings 64. The upper cover 63 presses on the thrust ball bearing 64 above the internal tooth torsion arm 8. The internal tooth torsion arm 8 is clamped by the two thrust ball bearings 64. Utilizing the characteristics of the thrust ball bearing 64 that it can axially bear and rotate, axial positioning of the internal tooth torsion arm 8 is formed by clamping with the two thrust ball bearings 64, and the internal tooth torsion arm 8 can bear a certain torsional load to achieve torsional loading, improving the loading reliability of the tooth shaft transmission component 7. Also, the internal tooth torsion arm 8 is vertically positioned in the assembly clamping seat 6. By adding lubricating oil to the internal tooth torsion arm 8, inter-tooth lubrication between the internal tooth torsion arm 8 and the external tooth core shaft 9 can be formed, forming a loading test in the lubrication state, making the test lubrication condition the same as the actual application lubrication condition of the drum tooth coupling, and improving the test reliability.

[0025] Among them, the inner-toothed torsion arm 8 includes an inner-toothed sleeve 81 with inner teeth on its inner wall, a sealing cover plate 82 for sealing the bottom of the inner-toothed sleeve 81, and a force arm 83 integrally formed radially along the inner-toothed sleeve 81. The force arm 83 is arranged horizontally and extends out of the assembly clamping seat 6 to be hinged with the torsion loading rod 12. A thrust ball bearing 64 is arranged at the top of the inner-toothed sleeve 81 and the bottom of the sealing cover plate 82, and lubricating oil is filled in the inner-toothed sleeve 81. The sealing cover plate 82 seals the bottom end of the inner-toothed sleeve 81, so that the lubricating oil will not flow out in the inner-toothed sleeve 81, forming an inter-tooth lubrication between the inner-toothed sleeve 81 and the outer-toothed core shaft 9. The force arm 83 is hinged with the torsion loading rod 12. When the longitudinal oil cylinder 5 is loaded, the longitudinal force is transmitted through the torsion loading rod 12 to cause the force arm 83 to twist, realizing torsion loading, forming a torsional stress for the tooth fit between the inner-toothed sleeve 81 and the outer-toothed core shaft 8, so that the outer-toothed core shaft 9 and the inner-toothed sleeve 81 form an axial friction movement under the pre-torsion condition. The radial loading rod 11 is connected with the axial loading rod 10. When the transverse oil cylinder 10 transmits a transverse load to the radial loading rod 11, the radial loading rod 11 transmits the load to the axial loading rod 10, and the outer-toothed core shaft 9 is loaded synchronously with the axial loading rod 10, realizing radial loading, forming a radial stress for the tooth fit between the outer-toothed core shaft 8 and the inner-toothed sleeve 81, so that the outer-toothed core shaft 9 and the inner-toothed sleeve 81 form an axial friction movement under the pre-processing condition, realizing the radial preloading of the tooth shaft transmission assembly 7 by the transverse oil cylinder 4 during the test, the pre-torsion of the tooth shaft transmission assembly 7 by the longitudinal oil cylinder 5, and the axial friction movement of the outer-toothed core shaft 9 on the inner-toothed torsion arm 8 by the vertical oil cylinder 3, forming an axial dynamic friction test and a three-way loading fatigue test for the radial and torsional preloading conditions of the tooth shaft transmission assembly 7 in the lubricated state.

[0026] Among them, a threaded connection hole 91 is opened along the central axis at the upper end of the outer-toothed core shaft 9. The lower end of the axial loading rod 10 is screwed tightly into the threaded connection hole and locked by a fastening nut 92 assembled on the axial loading rod 10. The outer-toothed core shaft 9 is separated from the sealing cover plate 82 and does not contact. The axial loading rod 10 is connected with the outer-toothed core shaft 9 through threaded fit and locked by the fastening nut 92, with high connection reliability. The outer-toothed core shaft 9 is separated from the sealing cover plate 82, leaving a space for the outer-toothed core shaft 9 to reciprocate in the inner-toothed sleeve 81. The outer-toothed core shaft 9 reciprocates in the inner-toothed sleeve 81 with the telescopic movement of the vertical oil cylinder 3, so that friction is formed between the outer teeth of the outer-toothed core shaft 9 and the inner teeth in the inner-toothed sleeve 81.

[0027] Among them, a vertically arranged waist-shaped observation port 65 is opened on the assembly cylinder 62. The situation of the outer-toothed core shaft 9 reciprocating in the inner-toothed sleeve 81 is observed through the waist-shaped observation port 65, forming an intuitive test process.

[0028] Among them, the axial loading rod 10 has an oblong section 101 with a quadrilateral cross-section. The upper cover 63 is provided with a quadrilateral through-hole 631 that matches the oblong section. The oblong section 101 passes through the quadrilateral through-hole 631 to extend the axial loading rod 10 into the assembly cylinder 62. The outer tooth mandrel 9 is axially limited as the upper end of the oblong section 101 contacts the upper cover 63. The cooperation between the oblong section 101 and the quadrilateral through-hole 631 prevents the outer tooth mandrel 9 from rotating relative to the upper cover 63 and guides the axial reciprocating movement of the outer tooth mandrel 9. As a result, the outer tooth mandrel 9 can only reciprocate axially in the inner tooth sleeve 81 and cannot rotate, causing a torsional stress to be formed between the outer tooth mandrel 9 and the inner tooth torsion arm 8 due to the torsion of the inner tooth torsion arm 8, improving the structural reliability of the test device. Moreover, the cross-section of the outer tooth mandrel 9 above the oblong section 101 is circular, forming a stepped surface at the upper end of the oblong section 101. The contact between the stepped surface and the upper cover 63 limits the maximum downward displacement of the outer tooth mandrel 9 in the inner tooth sleeve 81, avoiding damage to the sealing cover plate 82 due to excessive movement of the outer tooth mandrel 9 and ensuring the test safety.

[0029] Among them, through-holes 21 for the axial loading rod 10, the radial loading rod 11, and the torsional loading rod 12 to extend into are respectively opened in the temperature chamber 2. A heat-insulating sleeve 22 corresponding to the through-hole 21 is fixed on the outer wall of the temperature chamber 2. The axial loading rod 10, the radial loading rod 11, and the torsional loading rod 12 respectively pass through the corresponding heat-insulating sleeves 22. The heat-insulating sleeves 22 insulate the positions where the loading rods extend into the temperature chamber 2, reducing the leakage of the gas in the temperature chamber 2, thereby improving the temperature accuracy of the temperature chamber 2.

[0030] Among them, the heat-insulating sleeve 22 includes a metal ring 23 fixed to the outer wall of the temperature chamber and a flexible conical sleeve 24 fixed coaxially with the metal ring 23 and capable of flexible deformation as the corresponding loading rod moves. The flexible conical sleeve 24 is made of a high-temperature-resistant composite material. The axial loading rod 10, the radial loading rod 11, and the torsional loading rod 10 are respectively in coaxial sealing cooperation with the corresponding flexible conical sleeves 24. The flexible conical sleeve 24 on the axial loading rod 10 can form flexible deformation as the axial loading rod 10 moves, the flexible conical sleeve 24 on the radial loading rod 11 can form flexible deformation as the radial loading rod 11 moves, and the flexible conical sleeve 24 on the torsional loading rod 12 can form flexible deformation as the torsional loading rod 12 moves. That is, it does not affect the movement of each loading rod and realizes the sealing and heat insulation of the heat-insulating sleeve 22, improving the reliability of the test and measurement.

[0031] Wherein, the inner end of the radial loading rod 11 is sleeved on the axial loading rod 10 with a clearance fit. The force arm 83 is hinged to the torsion loading rod 12 through a hinge connecting rod 13 arranged horizontally and longitudinally. The two ends of the hinge connecting rod 13 are respectively hinged to the free end of the force arm 83 and the inner end of the torsion loading rod 12. The axial loading rod 10 is coaxially connected to the external tooth core shaft 9. The radial loading rod 11 is sleeved on the axial loading rod 10. When the transverse oil cylinder 4 transmits a radial load to the radial loading rod 11, it will push the axial loading rod 10 and the external tooth core shaft 9 to form a radial movement, so that the external tooth core shaft 9 radially loads the internal tooth torsion arm 8, forming a radial stress between the two. The hinge connecting rod 13 is hinged between the force arm 83 and the torsion loading rod 12, and the torsional load is transmitted through the hinge connecting rod 13 arranged horizontally and longitudinally to ensure the loading reliability.

[0032] The present invention also protects a composite loading friction test method for a tooth shaft transmission component. The test is carried out by using the composite loading friction test device for the tooth shaft transmission component described above. First, the temperature of the temperature chamber 2 is adjusted according to the application environment temperature of the tooth shaft transmission component 7. The loading loads of the transverse oil cylinder 4 and the longitudinal oil cylinder 5 are determined according to the load-bearing conditions of the tooth shaft transmission component 7. The loading load and the telescopic frequency of the vertical oil cylinder 3 are determined according to the axial load-bearing situation of the tooth shaft transmission component 7. Then, the transverse oil cylinder 4 and the longitudinal oil cylinder 5 are started to form pre-torsion and pre-compression on the tooth shaft transmission component 7. Then, the vertical oil cylinder 3 is started to drive the external tooth core shaft 9 to perform an axial reciprocating movement in the internal tooth torsion arm 8 to form axial friction.

[0033] The above-mentioned test method forms a test load condition consistent with the load-bearing condition of the drum-shaped tooth coupling. The temperature of the test environment is adjusted by the temperature chamber 2 to make the test environment temperature consistent with the application environment temperature of the drum-shaped tooth coupling. During the test, the transverse oil cylinder 4 is used to form a radial pre-compression on the tooth shaft transmission component 7, the longitudinal oil cylinder 5 is used to form a pre-torsion on the tooth shaft transmission component 7, and the vertical oil cylinder 3 is used to form an axial friction movement of the external tooth core shaft 9 on the internal tooth torsion arm 8. The friction performance of the tooth shaft transmission component 7 under the composite loading condition is intuitively detected through the test, and the load-bearing capacity, wear resistance and fatigue life of the tooth shaft transmission component 7 under complex stress conditions are accurately characterized and test data are obtained. An axial dynamic friction test and a three-way loading fatigue test of the radial and torsional preloading conditions of the tooth shaft transmission component are realized in the lubricated state, providing a more intuitive and actual working condition-like test scenario for the design of the drum-shaped tooth coupling, and providing more accurate and effective test data. Moreover, the internal tooth torsion arm 8 and the external tooth core shaft 9 can be replaced to meet the test requirements of tooth shaft transmission components with different tooth shapes and diameters, providing reliable test support for the product development.

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention have been completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Composite loading friction test device for gear shaft transmission components, comprising a test bench, on which a temperature chamber, a vertical oil cylinder guided by a cross beam and arranged vertically, a horizontal oil cylinder arranged horizontally in the transverse direction, and a longitudinal oil cylinder arranged horizontally in the longitudinal direction are installed. A clamping seat is fixedly assembled in the temperature chamber, and it is characterized in that: The assembly clamping seat is equipped with a gear shaft transmission component. The gear shaft transmission component includes an internal gear torsion arm arranged horizontally in the transverse direction and an external gear core shaft extending vertically into the internal gear torsion arm to form a gear engagement. The internal gear torsion arm is clamped by the assembly clamping seat. The axial loading rod coaxially connected to the vertical oil cylinder extends into the temperature chamber and is fixedly connected to the external gear core shaft. The radial loading rod coaxially connected to the transverse oil cylinder extends into the temperature chamber and is connected to the axial loading rod. The torsion loading rod coaxially connected to the longitudinal oil cylinder extends into the temperature chamber and is hinged to the internal gear torsion arm. The internal gear torsion arm forms a torsional load with the loading of the longitudinal oil cylinder. The external gear core shaft forms an axial load with the loading of the vertical oil cylinder and forms a radial load on the internal gear torsion arm with the loading of the transverse oil cylinder.

2. The compound loading friction test device for the gear shaft transmission assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The described assembly clamping seat includes a base fixed in the temperature chamber, an assembly cylinder fixed on the base and opening upward, and an upper cover fixed on the assembly cylinder. A thrust ball bearing is arranged in the assembly cylinder. The internal gear torsion arm is clamped between the two thrust ball bearings. The upper cover presses against the thrust ball bearing above the internal gear torsion arm.

3. The composite loading friction test device for the gear shaft transmission assembly according to claim 2, wherein: The internal gear torsion arm includes an internal gear sleeve with internal teeth on the inner wall, a sealing cover plate for sealing the bottom of the internal gear sleeve, and a force arm integrally formed radially along the internal gear sleeve. The force arm is arranged horizontally in the transverse direction and extends out of the assembly clamping seat to be hinged to the torsion loading rod. Thrust ball bearings are arranged at the top of the internal gear sleeve and the bottom of the sealing cover plate. Lubricating oil is filled in the internal gear sleeve.

4. The composite loading friction test device for the gear shaft transmission component according to claim 3, characterized in that: A threaded connection hole is opened along the central axis at the upper end of the external gear core shaft. The lower end of the axial loading rod is screwed into the threaded connection hole and locked by a fastening nut assembled on the axial loading rod. The external gear core shaft is separated from the sealing cover plate and does not contact.

5. The composite loading friction test device for the gear shaft transmission assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: A vertically arranged kidney-shaped observation port is opened on the assembly cylinder.

6. The composite loading friction test device for the gear shaft transmission component according to claim 4, characterized in that: The axial loading rod has an oblong section with a quadrilateral cross-section. A quadrilateral through hole matching the oblong section is opened on the upper cover. The oblong section passes through the quadrilateral through hole to extend the axial loading rod into the assembly cylinder. The external gear core shaft is axially limited with the contact of the upper end of the oblong section and the upper cover.

7. The composite loading friction test device for the gear shaft transmission component according to claim 1, characterized in that: Through holes for the axial loading rod, the radial loading rod, and the torsion loading rod to extend into are respectively opened in the temperature chamber. Heat-insulating sleeves corresponding to the through holes are fixed on the outer wall of the temperature chamber. The axial loading rod, the radial loading rod, and the torsion loading rod respectively pass through the corresponding heat-insulating sleeves.

8. The compound loading friction test device for the gear shaft transmission assembly according to claim 7, wherein: The heat-insulating sleeve includes a metal ring fixed to the outer wall of the temperature chamber and a flexible conical sleeve coaxially fixed to the metal ring and capable of flexibly deforming with the movement of the corresponding loading rod. The flexible conical sleeve is made of a high-temperature-resistant composite material. The axial loading rod, the radial loading rod, and the torsion loading rod are respectively coaxially and sealingly fitted with the corresponding flexible conical sleeves.

9. The composite loading friction test device for the gear shaft transmission assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner end of the radial loading rod is fitted with a clearance on the axial loading rod. The force arm is hinged to the torsion loading rod through a hinged connecting rod arranged horizontally in the longitudinal direction. The two ends of the hinged connecting rod are respectively hinged to the free end of the force arm and the inner end of the torsion loading rod.

10. Compound loading friction test method for a gear shaft transmission component. The test is carried out using the compound loading friction test device for a gear shaft transmission component described in any one of claims 1 to 9. First, adjust the temperature of the temperature chamber according to the application environment temperature of the gear shaft transmission component, determine the loading loads of the transverse oil cylinder and the longitudinal oil cylinder according to the load-bearing working conditions of the gear shaft transmission component, and determine the loading load and telescopic frequency of the vertical oil cylinder according to the axial load-bearing situation of the gear shaft transmission component. Then, start the transverse oil cylinder and the longitudinal oil cylinder to form pre-torsion and pre-compression on the gear shaft transmission component. Then, start the vertical oil cylinder to drive the outer gear core shaft to perform axial reciprocating motion in the inner gear torsion arm to form axial friction.

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