Dust hopper anti-blocking system based on nanomaterials

Abstract

This invention discloses a dust collector hopper anti-clogging and heat-tracing-free system based on nanomaterials, comprising a dust collector hopper, the inner wall of which is coated with a nano-ceramic material coating. The nano-ceramic material coating consists of a base layer, a reinforcing layer, a functional layer, and a protective layer from the inside out. An anti-clogging device is installed at the inlet of the fluidizing air duct of the dust collector hopper. A charge detection and control system is installed in the dust collector hopper, and a blockage-clearing device is installed on the outer wall of the dust collector hopper. This invention's nanomaterial-based dust collector hopper anti-clogging and heat-tracing-free system, with its multi-layered structure design, effectively overcomes the shortcomings of a single coating and solves the clogging problem of the hopper during actual operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of dust removal system hopper anti-clogging technology, specifically relating to a dust removal hopper anti-clogging system without heat tracing based on nanomaterials. Background Technology

[0002] In the actual operation of dust removal systems, preventing clogging in the ash hopper is always a key aspect of ensuring the system's stable and efficient operation. The application of nano-ceramic material coatings in the field of ash hopper clogging prevention has brought new ideas for solving related problems, but its application still faces many challenges.

[0003] Currently, the application of nano-ceramic material coatings mostly adopts a single-coating design. Although this type of coating has basic properties such as making the contact surface smoother, reducing the coefficient of friction, promoting smooth ash flow, and being wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, high-temperature resistant, and insulating, its function is relatively limited and it is difficult to fully meet the anti-clogging requirements under complex working conditions.

[0004] A single coating cannot achieve a comprehensive performance improvement through the synergistic effect between different material layers. In actual operating conditions, ash hoppers face a variety of complex situations, such as high temperature, high humidity, highly corrosive gases, and scouring by dust of different properties. A single coating cannot simultaneously cope with these complex factors, leading to a gradual decline in the coating's anti-clogging effect over long-term use. It becomes unable to continuously and effectively prevent coal ash from agglomerating and adhering, thus affecting the normal ash discharge from the ash hopper and increasing equipment maintenance frequency and costs.

[0005] Furthermore, the lack of detailed technical solutions regarding the specific multilayer materials and their arrangement in nano-ceramic coatings prevents researchers from improving the performance of the ash hopper anti-clogging, heat-free system by optimizing the coating structure, making it difficult to effectively solve the clogging problem in the ash hopper during actual operation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a dust collection hopper anti-clogging, heat-free system based on nanomaterials, which solves the problem of hopper clogging in existing dust collection systems.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is a dust collector hopper anti-clogging and heat-tracing-free system based on nanomaterials, including a dust collector hopper, the inner wall of which is coated with a nano-ceramic material coating, the nano-ceramic material coating consisting of a base layer, a reinforcing layer, a functional layer, and a protective layer from the inside out, an anti-clogging device installed at the inlet of the fluidizing air duct of the dust collector hopper, a charge detection and control system installed in the dust collector hopper, and a clogging removal device installed on the outer wall of the dust collector hopper.

[0008] The invention is further characterized by:

[0009] The base layer is composed of nano-titanium dioxide containing a silane coupling agent. The amount of silane coupling agent added is 1% to 5% of the mass of nano-titanium dioxide. The silane coupling agent is γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0010] The reinforcing layer is composed of silicon carbide nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles, with a mass ratio of silicon carbide nanofibers to alumina nanoparticles of 1~3:1; the silicon carbide nanofibers are α-SiC crystals with a diameter of 50nm~100nm, a length of 2μm~4μm, and an aspect ratio of not less than 20:1.

[0011] The functional layer is composed of zirconium dioxide nanomaterials doped with rare earth elements. The amount of rare earth elements added is 0.2% to 8% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials. The rare earth elements are one or more of lanthanum and cerium.

[0012] When doped with lanthanum, the amount of lanthanum added is 0.2% to 3.6% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterial, and the atomic percentage of lanthanum is 0.1% to 2%. When doped with cerium, the amount of cerium added is 0.2% to 5.4% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterial, and the atomic percentage of cerium is 0.1% to 3%. When doped with both lanthanum and cerium, the amounts of lanthanum and cerium added are 0.4% to 7.2% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterial, and the atomic ratio of lanthanum to cerium is 1 to 2:1.

[0013] The protective layer is made of fluoropolymer nanomaterials, with the fluoropolymer content being no less than 95%, and the fluoropolymer being polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.

[0014] The anti-clogging device is used to deliver the negative ion beam into the fluidizing air duct.

[0015] The charge detection and control system measures the electrical charge of the dust in the dust collector and is used to control the operation of the anti-clogging device.

[0016] The unblocking device includes a vibratory motor or an air cannon, used to clean the ash hopper wall in emergency situations.

[0017] The thickness of the nano-ceramic material coating is between 50μm and 200μm.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention is a dust collector hopper anti-clogging system without heat tracing based on nanomaterials. Its multi-layer structure effectively overcomes the defects of a single coating and solves the clogging problem in actual operation. The base layer enhances adhesion to the inner wall of the hopper through a silane coupling agent, while the self-cleaning property of nano-titanium dioxide keeps the coating surface clean, facilitating dust removal. The reinforcing layer, composed of silicon carbide nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles, improves the coating's wear resistance and impact resistance, allowing it to withstand coal ash erosion. The functional layer, doped with rare earth elements, provides heat insulation and antistatic functions, reducing dust agglomeration and electrostatic adsorption. The protective layer uses fluoropolymer nanomaterials to reduce surface energy, prevent dust adhesion, and resist chemical corrosion. The overall system has low energy consumption, significantly reducing operating costs and extending the service life of the hopper compared to traditional anti-clogging methods. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dust collection hopper anti-clogging and heat-tracing-free system based on nanomaterials provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the coating structure of medium- and nano-sized ceramic materials.

[0021] In the figure, 1. Nano-ceramic material coating, 2. Anti-clogging device, 3. Charge detection and control system, 4. Unclogging device, 5. Base layer, 6. Reinforcing layer, 7. Functional layer, 8. Protective layer. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] Dust hopper anti-clogging and heat-free system based on nanomaterials, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the dust collector includes a nano-ceramic material coating 1 applied to the inner wall of the dust collector hopper. The nano-ceramic material coating 1 consists of a base layer 5, a reinforcing layer 6, a functional layer 7, and a protective layer 8, arranged from the inside out. The base layer, which is in direct contact with the inner wall of the dust collector, is formed by applying nano-titanium dioxide containing a silane coupling agent to the inner wall of the dust collector using a thermal spraying process. The amount of silane coupling agent added is 1% to 5% of the mass of the nano-titanium dioxide, and the silane coupling agent is selected as γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The silane coupling agent can form a strong chemical bond with the metal surface of the inner wall of the dust collector, enhancing the adhesion between the coating and the dust collector, and effectively preventing the coating from peeling off during long-term use. The self-cleaning properties of nano-titanium dioxide can decompose and adsorb small amounts of organic matter on the coating surface, such as organic impurities in dust, preventing their gradual accumulation from affecting the smooth flow of dust and keeping the coating surface clean, creating favorable conditions for subsequent dust sliding. Next, silicon carbide nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles were composited and coated onto the substrate using a solution impregnation method to form a reinforcing layer. The mass ratio of silicon carbide nanofibers to alumina nanoparticles was 1~3:1. The silicon carbide nanofibers were α-SiC crystals with a diameter of 50nm~100nm, a length of 2μm~4μm, and an aspect ratio of not less than 20:1. Such silicon carbide nanofibers possessed high strength and high modulus, enabling them to construct a stable skeletal structure within the coating and improve its wear resistance and impact resistance. The alumina nanoparticles filled the gaps between the silicon carbide nanofibers, enhancing the coating's hardness and stability, allowing it to withstand the impact and friction forces of falling coal ash. Then, zirconium dioxide nanomaterials doped with rare earth elements (one or more of lanthanum and cerium) were prepared using the sol-gel method and coated onto the reinforcing layer to form a functional layer. The amount of rare earth elements added was 0.2%~8% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and one or more of lanthanum and cerium were selected as the rare earth elements. When lanthanum is selected as the dopant, the amount of lanthanum added is 0.2%–3.6% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic percentage of lanthanum is 0.1%–2%. When cerium is doped, the amount of cerium added is 0.2%–5.4% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic percentage of cerium is 0.1%–3%. When both lanthanum and cerium are doped, the amounts of lanthanum and cerium added are 0.4%–7.2% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic ratio of lanthanum to cerium is 1–2:1. The doping of rare earth elements alters the crystal structure of zirconium dioxide, endowing the coating with good thermal insulation properties, reducing heat loss inside the ash hopper, and lowering the risk of ash powder agglomeration due to temperature changes. Simultaneously, this layer has antistatic properties, preventing dust from accumulating on the inner wall of the ash hopper due to electrostatic adsorption, keeping the inner wall of the ash hopper clean, and promoting the smooth sliding of ash powder. Finally, a fluoropolymer nanomaterial of polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride is coated onto the functional layer using a spraying process to form a protective layer.Simultaneously, the coating surface (i.e., the functional layer surface) is cleaned and roughened, then washed with a cleaning agent and dried to increase the adhesion between the protective layer and the functional layer. During spraying, the spray gun pressure is maintained within the range of 0.3MPa~0.5MPa to ensure that the material is sprayed evenly on the functional layer surface; the spraying distance is controlled at about 15cm~25cm to avoid the coating being too thick or uneven due to being too close, and the material dispersion being reduced due to being too far away, affecting the coating quality; the spraying angle is kept perpendicular to the coating surface to ensure uniform coating thickness. After coating, a curing treatment is performed, and the curing temperature and time depend on the characteristics of the fluoropolymer. For polytetrafluoroethylene, it is usually cured at 350℃~400℃ for 1 hour to 2 hours; for polyvinylidene fluoride, it is cured at 180℃~220℃ for 0.5 hours to 1 hour to allow the protective layer to form a stable structure. The protective layer has extremely low surface energy, making it difficult for dust to adhere when it comes into contact with the coating surface, further reducing the friction coefficient of the dust flow and ensuring smoother dust flow. Meanwhile, the excellent chemical corrosion resistance of fluoropolymer nanomaterials can effectively resist the erosion of the coating by chemicals such as acids and alkalis, extend the service life of the coating, and provide all-round protection for the inner wall of the ash hopper.

[0024] Each coating layer undergoes heat treatment after application to ensure its performance and the bonding strength between layers. During heat treatment, the temperature change profile is carefully controlled. The heating rate is maintained at 5℃ / min to 10℃ / min, the holding time is typically 30 minutes to 12 minutes, and the cooling rate is controlled at 3℃ / min to 5℃ / min. This prevents defects such as cracking and delamination caused by improper temperature changes, ensuring the overall quality and performance of the nano-ceramic material coating.

[0025] The anti-clogging device is installed at the inlet of the fluidized air duct in the dust collector's ash hopper. This location ensures that the generated negative ion beam directly acts on the fly ash entering the hopper. When connecting relevant lines and pipes, pay attention to correct connections to avoid incorrect wiring that could cause equipment malfunction. Pipe connections must be smooth, without bends or blockages, to ensure the negative ion beam can be smoothly delivered into the fluidized air duct. The anti-clogging device utilizes high-efficiency, high-frequency, high-voltage soft-switching inverter technology, embedded control technology, and energy optimization software technology to deliver the negative ion beam into the fluidized air duct. By ionizing the fly ash, the repulsive force between fly ash particles is increased, preventing them from agglomerating and enhancing dust dispersion, thus reducing the possibility of fly ash clumping and clogging in the ash hopper from the source. The charge detection and control system 3 utilizes AC charge coupling technology and digital signal processing technology. During flue gas flow, a special sensor measures the charge of the dust particles, and the negative ion output of the anti-clogging device is adjusted based on the measurement results to ensure stable dust removal efficiency. Install a cleaning device (rapper motor or air cannon) on the outer wall of the ash hopper and debug it. In case of an accident, start the equipment to clean the ash hopper wall and eliminate ash bridging and sticking.

[0026] The working principle of this invention is as follows: Under normal operating conditions, the nano-ceramic material coating 1 on the inner wall of the dust collector hopper has a smooth surface and anti-stick properties, allowing the ash powder to slide off smoothly. The charge detection and control system 3 monitors the charge of the dust in real time. When the charge is detected to be too low, the anti-blocking device 2 is remotely controlled to add negative ion charges to the fluidizing air to prevent fly ash from sticking. In case of special circumstances, such as clumping or ash blockage inside the hopper, the anti-blocking device 4 is activated for emergency handling. The frequency and intensity of the anti-blocking device are adjusted according to the degree of clumping or ash blockage.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A dust collector hopper anti-clogging and heat-free system based on nanomaterials includes a dust collector hopper. The inner wall of the dust collector hopper is coated with a nano-ceramic material coating 1. The nano-ceramic material coating 1 consists of a base layer 5, a reinforcing layer 6, a functional layer 7, and a protective layer 8 from the inside out. An anti-clogging device 2 is installed at the inlet of the fluidizing air duct of the dust collector hopper. The dust collector hopper is equipped with a charge detection and control system 3. A blockage removal device 4 is installed on the outer wall of the dust collector hopper.

[0029] The base layer 5 is composed of nano-titanium dioxide containing a silane coupling agent. The amount of silane coupling agent added is 1% of the mass of the nano-titanium dioxide. The silane coupling agent is γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The reinforcing layer 6 is composed of silicon carbide nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles, with a mass ratio of silicon carbide nanofibers to alumina nanoparticles of 1:1. The silicon carbide nanofibers are α-SiC crystals, with a diameter of 50 nm, a length of 2 μm, and an aspect ratio of not less than 20:1. Functional layer 7 is composed of zirconium dioxide nanomaterials doped with rare earth elements. The amount of rare earth elements added is 0.2% to 8% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials. Among them, the rare earth elements are one or more of lanthanum and cerium. When doped with lanthanum, the amount of lanthanum added is 0.2% to 3.6% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic percentage of lanthanum is 0.1% to 2%. When doped with cerium, the amount of cerium added is 0.2% to 5.4% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic percentage of cerium is 0.1% to 3%. When both lanthanum and cerium are doped, the amounts of lanthanum and cerium added are 0.4% to 7.2% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic ratio of lanthanum to cerium is 1 to 2:1. Protective layer 8 is made of fluoropolymer nanomaterials, and the mass of the fluoropolymer is not less than 95%. The fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.

[0030] Anti-clogging device 2 is used to send a negative ion beam into the fluidizing air duct, making the fly ash negatively charged. Charge detection and control system 3 is used to measure the charge on the dust in the dust collector and control the operation of the anti-clogging device. Unclogging device 4 includes a rapping motor or air cannon, used for cleaning the ash hopper wall in emergency situations. The thickness of the nano-ceramic material coating is 50 μm.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] A dust collector hopper anti-clogging and heat-free system based on nanomaterials includes a dust collector hopper. The inner wall of the dust collector hopper is coated with a nano-ceramic material coating 1. The nano-ceramic material coating 1 consists of a base layer 5, a reinforcing layer 6, a functional layer 7, and a protective layer 8 from the inside out. An anti-clogging device 2 is installed at the inlet of the fluidizing air duct of the dust collector hopper. The dust collector hopper is equipped with a charge detection and control system 3. A blockage removal device 4 is installed on the outer wall of the dust collector hopper.

[0033] The base layer 5 is composed of nano-titanium dioxide containing a silane coupling agent, with the amount of silane coupling agent added being 5% of the mass of the nano-titanium dioxide. The silane coupling agent is γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The reinforcing layer 6 is composed of silicon carbide nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles, with a mass ratio of silicon carbide nanofibers to alumina nanoparticles of 3:1. The silicon carbide nanofibers are α-SiC crystals, with a diameter of 100 nm, a length of 4 μm, and an aspect ratio of not less than 20:1. Functional layer 7 is composed of zirconium dioxide nanomaterials doped with rare earth elements. The amount of rare earth elements added is 0.2% to 8% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials. Among them, the rare earth elements are one or more of lanthanum and cerium. When doped with lanthanum, the amount of lanthanum added is 0.2% to 3.6% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic percentage of lanthanum is 0.1% to 2%. When doped with cerium, the amount of cerium added is 0.2% to 5.4% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic percentage of cerium is 0.1% to 3%. When both lanthanum and cerium are doped, the amounts of lanthanum and cerium added are 0.4% to 7.2% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic ratio of lanthanum to cerium is 1 to 2:1. Protective layer 8 is made of fluoropolymer nanomaterials, and the mass of the fluoropolymer is not less than 95%. The fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.

[0034] Anti-clogging device 2 is used to deliver a negative ion beam into the fluidizing air duct, causing the fly ash to carry a negative charge. Charge detection and control system 3 is used to measure the charge on the dust in the dust collector and control the operation of the anti-clogging device. Unclogging device 4 includes a rapping motor or air cannon, used for cleaning the ash hopper wall in emergency situations. The thickness of the nano-ceramic material coating is 200 μm.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] A dust collector hopper anti-clogging and heat-free system based on nanomaterials includes a dust collector hopper. The inner wall of the dust collector hopper is coated with a nano-ceramic material coating 1. The nano-ceramic material coating 1 consists of a base layer 5, a reinforcing layer 6, a functional layer 7, and a protective layer 8 from the inside out. An anti-clogging device 2 is installed at the inlet of the fluidizing air duct of the dust collector hopper. The dust collector hopper is equipped with a charge detection and control system 3. A blockage removal device 4 is installed on the outer wall of the dust collector hopper.

[0037] The base layer 5 is composed of nano-titanium dioxide containing a silane coupling agent. The amount of silane coupling agent added is 3% of the mass of the nano-titanium dioxide. The silane coupling agent is γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The reinforcing layer 6 is composed of silicon carbide nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles, with a mass ratio of silicon carbide nanofibers to alumina nanoparticles of 2:1. The silicon carbide nanofibers are α-SiC crystals with a diameter of 75 nm, a length of 3 μm, and an aspect ratio of not less than 20:1. Functional layer 7 is composed of zirconium dioxide nanomaterials doped with rare earth elements. The amount of rare earth elements added is 0.2% to 8% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials. Among them, the rare earth elements are one or more of lanthanum and cerium. When doped with lanthanum, the amount of lanthanum added is 0.2% to 3.6% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic percentage of lanthanum is 0.1% to 2%. When doped with cerium, the amount of cerium added is 0.2% to 5.4% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic percentage of cerium is 0.1% to 3%. When both lanthanum and cerium are doped, the amounts of lanthanum and cerium added are 0.4% to 7.2% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic ratio of lanthanum to cerium is 1 to 2:1. Protective layer 8 is made of fluoropolymer nanomaterials, and the fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.

[0038] Anti-clogging device 2 is used to deliver a negative ion beam into the fluidizing air duct, causing the fly ash to carry a negative charge. Charge detection and control system 3 is used to measure the charge on the dust in the dust collector and control the operation of the anti-clogging device. Unclogging device 4 includes a rapping motor or air cannon, used for cleaning the ash hopper wall in emergency situations. The thickness of the nano-ceramic material coating is 125 μm.

[0039] Example 4

[0040] A dust collector hopper anti-clogging and heat-free system based on nanomaterials includes a dust collector hopper. The inner wall of the dust collector hopper is coated with a nano-ceramic material coating 1. The nano-ceramic material coating 1 consists of a base layer 5, a reinforcing layer 6, a functional layer 7, and a protective layer 8 from the inside out. An anti-clogging device 2 is installed at the inlet of the fluidizing air duct of the dust collector hopper. The dust collector hopper is equipped with a charge detection and control system 3. A blockage removal device 4 is installed on the outer wall of the dust collector hopper.

[0041] The base layer 5 is composed of nano-titanium dioxide containing a silane coupling agent, with the amount of silane coupling agent added being 4% of the mass of the nano-titanium dioxide. The silane coupling agent is γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The reinforcing layer 6 is composed of silicon carbide nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles, with a mass ratio of silicon carbide nanofibers to alumina nanoparticles of 2.5:1. The silicon carbide nanofibers are α-SiC crystals, with a diameter of 85 nm, a length of 3.5 μm, and an aspect ratio of not less than 20:1. Functional layer 7 is composed of zirconium dioxide nanomaterials doped with rare earth elements. The amount of rare earth elements added is 0.2% to 8% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials. The rare earth elements are one or more of lanthanum and cerium. When lanthanum is doped, the amount of lanthanum added is 0.2% to 3.6% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic percentage of lanthanum is 0.1% to 2%. When cerium is doped, the amount of cerium added is 0.2% to 5.4% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic percentage of cerium is 0.1% to 3%. When both lanthanum and cerium are doped, the amounts of lanthanum and cerium added are 0.4% to 7.2% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic ratio of lanthanum to cerium is 1 to 2:1. Protective layer 8 is made of fluoropolymer nanomaterials, with the fluoropolymer comprising no less than 95% by mass. The fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).

[0042] Anti-clogging device 2 is used to deliver a negative ion beam into the fluidizing air duct, causing the fly ash to carry a negative charge. Charge detection and control system 3 is used to measure the charge on the dust in the dust collector and control the operation of the anti-clogging device. Unclogging device 4 includes a rapping motor or air cannon, used for cleaning the ash hopper wall in emergency situations. The thickness of the nano-ceramic material coating is 100μm.

[0043] Example 5

[0044] A dust collector hopper anti-clogging and heat-free system based on nanomaterials includes a dust collector hopper. The inner wall of the dust collector hopper is coated with a nano-ceramic material coating 1. The nano-ceramic material coating 1 consists of a base layer 5, a reinforcing layer 6, a functional layer 7, and a protective layer 8 from the inside out. An anti-clogging device 2 is installed at the inlet of the fluidizing air duct of the dust collector hopper. The dust collector hopper is equipped with a charge detection and control system 3. A blockage removal device 4 is installed on the outer wall of the dust collector hopper.

[0045] The base layer 5 is composed of nano-titanium dioxide containing a silane coupling agent, with the amount of silane coupling agent added being 2% of the mass of the nano-titanium dioxide. The silane coupling agent is either γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The reinforcing layer 6 is composed of silicon carbide nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles, with a mass ratio of silicon carbide nanofibers to alumina nanoparticles of 1.5:1. The silicon carbide nanofibers are α-SiC crystals with a diameter of 60 nm, a length of 2.5 μm, and an aspect ratio of not less than 20:1. Functional layer 7 is composed of zirconium dioxide nanomaterials doped with rare earth elements. The amount of rare earth elements added is 0.2% to 8% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials. Among them, the rare earth elements are one or more of lanthanum and cerium. When doped with lanthanum, the amount of lanthanum added is 0.2% to 3.6% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic percentage of lanthanum is 0.1% to 2%. When doped with cerium, the amount of cerium added is 0.2% to 5.4% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic percentage of cerium is 0.1% to 3%. When both lanthanum and cerium are doped, the amounts of lanthanum and cerium added are 0.4% to 7.2% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic ratio of lanthanum to cerium is 1 to 2:1. Protective layer 8 is made of fluoropolymer nanomaterials, and the mass of the fluoropolymer is not less than 95%. The fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.

[0046] Anti-clogging device 2 is used to deliver a negative ion beam into the fluidizing air duct, causing the fly ash to carry a negative charge. Charge detection and control system 3 is used to measure the charge on the dust in the dust collector and control the operation of the anti-clogging device. Unclogging device 4 includes a rapping motor or air cannon, used for cleaning the ash hopper wall in emergency situations. The thickness of the nano-ceramic material coating is 150 μm.

[0047] Example 6

[0048] A dust collector hopper anti-clogging and heat-free system based on nanomaterials includes a dust collector hopper. The inner wall of the dust collector hopper is coated with a nano-ceramic material coating 1. The nano-ceramic material coating 1 consists of a base layer 5, a reinforcing layer 6, a functional layer 7, and a protective layer 8 from the inside out. An anti-clogging device 2 is installed at the inlet of the fluidizing air duct of the dust collector hopper. The dust collector hopper is equipped with a charge detection and control system 3. A blockage removal device 4 is installed on the outer wall of the dust collector hopper.

[0049] The base layer 5 is composed of nano-titanium dioxide containing a silane coupling agent, with the amount of silane coupling agent added being 1.5% of the mass of the nano-titanium dioxide. The silane coupling agent is either γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The reinforcing layer 6 is composed of silicon carbide nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles, with a mass ratio of silicon carbide nanofibers to alumina nanoparticles of 2.25:1. The silicon carbide nanofibers are α-SiC crystals with a diameter of 70 nm, a length of 3.5 μm, and an aspect ratio of not less than 20:1. Functional layer 7 is composed of zirconium dioxide nanomaterials doped with rare earth elements. The amount of rare earth elements added is 0.2% to 8% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials. Among them, the rare earth elements are one or more of lanthanum and cerium. When doped with lanthanum, the amount of lanthanum added is 0.2% to 3.6% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic percentage of lanthanum is 0.1% to 2%. When doped with cerium, the amount of cerium added is 0.2% to 5.4% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic percentage of cerium is 0.1% to 3%. When both lanthanum and cerium are doped, the amounts of lanthanum and cerium added are 0.4% to 7.2% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials, and the atomic ratio of lanthanum to cerium is 1 to 2:1. Protective layer 8 is made of fluoropolymer nanomaterials, and the mass of the fluoropolymer is not less than 95%. The fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.

[0050] Anti-clogging device 2 is used to deliver a negative ion beam into the fluidizing air duct, causing the fly ash to carry a negative charge. Charge detection and control system 3 is used to measure the charge on the dust in the dust collector and control the operation of the anti-clogging device. Unclogging device 4 includes a rapping motor or air cannon, used for cleaning the ash hopper wall in emergency situations. The thickness of the nano-ceramic material coating is 175 μm.

Claims

1. A dust collector hopper anti-clogging system without heat tracing based on nanomaterials, characterized in that, The dust collector includes a dust collector hopper, the inner wall of which is coated with a nano-ceramic material coating (1). The nano-ceramic material coating (1) consists of a base layer (5), a reinforcing layer (6), a functional layer (7), and a protective layer (8) from the inside out. An anti-clogging device (2) is installed at the inlet of the fluidized air duct of the dust collector hopper. A charge detection and control system (3) is installed in the dust collector hopper. A blockage removal device (4) is installed on the outer wall of the dust collector hopper. The base layer (5) is composed of nano-titanium dioxide containing a silane coupling agent, wherein the amount of the silane coupling agent added is 1% to 5% of the mass of the nano-titanium dioxide, and the silane coupling agent is γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

2. The dust collection hopper anti-clogging and heat-tracing-free system based on nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforcing layer (6) is composed of silicon carbide nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles, with a mass ratio of silicon carbide nanofibers to alumina nanoparticles of 1~3:1; the silicon carbide nanofibers are α-SiC crystals with a diameter of 50nm~100nm, a length of 2μm~4μm, and an aspect ratio of not less than 20:

1.

3. The dust collection hopper anti-clogging and heat-tracing-free system based on nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional layer (7) is composed of zirconium dioxide nanomaterials doped with rare earth elements. The amount of rare earth elements added is 0.2% to 8% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterials. The rare earth elements are one or more of lanthanum and cerium.

4. The dust collection hopper anti-clogging and heat-tracing-free system based on nanomaterials according to claim 3, characterized in that, When doped with lanthanum, the amount of lanthanum added is 0.2% to 3.6% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterial, and the atomic percentage of lanthanum is 0.1% to 2%. When doped with cerium, the amount of cerium added is 0.2% to 5.4% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterial, and the atomic percentage of cerium is 0.1% to 3%. When doped with both lanthanum and cerium, the amounts of lanthanum and cerium added are 0.4% to 7.2% of the mass of the zirconium dioxide nanomaterial, and the atomic ratio of lanthanum to cerium is 1 to 2:

1.

5. The dust collector hopper anti-clogging and heat-tracing-free system based on nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective layer (8) is made of fluoropolymer nanomaterials, and the mass of the fluoropolymer is not less than 95%. The fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.

6. The dust collection hopper anti-clogging and heat-tracing-free system based on nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-blocking device (2) is used to send the negative ion beam into the fluidizing air duct.

7. The dust collector hopper anti-clogging and heat-tracing-free system based on nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charge detection and control system (3) measures the charge of the dust in the dust collector and is used to control the operation of the anti-clogging device.

8. The dust collection hopper anti-clogging and heat-tracing-free system based on nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unblocking device (4) includes a vibrating motor or an air cannon, used to clean the ash hopper wall in an emergency.

9. The dust collection hopper anti-clogging and heat-tracing-free system based on nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the nano-ceramic material coating (1) is between 50 μm and 200 μm.

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