Preparation method of gold adsorption material

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of gold adsorption, in particular to a preparation method of a gold adsorption material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carbonizing commercially available sponge in one step to obtain carbon sponge, and then soaking the carbon sponge in a surface modifier solution for surface modification. The preparation of the gold adsorption material has the characteristics of low cost, simplicity, high efficiency and environmental friendliness, and the effect of quickly adsorbing gold ions in a short time is realized by carbonizing and modifying the raw materials. Based on the method, a new thought and application can be provided for adsorption of low-concentration gold ions, a targeted scheme is provided for solving the problems of low gold ion concentration, low recovery efficiency and the like in practical application, and the method is suitable for popularization and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of gold adsorption, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a gold adsorption material. Background Art

[0002] Due to its excellent chemical stability (corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance), high electrical conductivity and scarcity, gold (Au) is widely used in the fields of electronics, aerospace, medicine, jewelry and finance, and also occupies an irreplaceable important position in the fields of catalysis, antibacterial agents and anti-cancer drugs. In recent years, with the increasing demand for the recovery of gold ions in electronic waste ("urban mines") and industrial wastewater, the efficient extraction technology of gold ions (Au3+, Au+, etc.) has become a research hotspot.

[0003] At present, there are many methods for recovering precious metals, such as solvent extraction, ion exchange, chemical precipitation, adsorption, etc. Compared with other methods, adsorption is considered to be the most reliable, cost-saving and large-scale production method for extracting metal ions, because there are many adsorbents for recovering precious metal ions, including biomass, inorganic nanoparticles and composite functionalized materials, activated carbon. Although biomass is an environmentally friendly and sustainable adsorbent, its adsorption capacity for precious metal ions is weak; although inorganic nanoparticles have a large adsorption capacity for precious metal ions, they are not suitable for recovering precious metal ions in industrial production; while composite functionalized materials have high preparation costs, are cumbersome and difficult to recycle, and although activated carbon is relatively environmentally friendly, its effect on low-concentration gold ions is poor. Therefore, developing and preparing a precious metal adsorbent with strong adsorption capacity, low cost, high adsorption efficiency, simple preparation process, environmental friendliness and easy recovery is an urgent and practically significant task at present. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, in response to problems such as low gold ion concentration, low adsorption efficiency, long adsorption period, high adsorbent cost and complex preparation process, the present invention provides a preparation method of a gold adsorption material. Using the modified carbon sponge as an adsorbent not only solves the problem of high cost in preparing the adsorbent, but also enables rapid adsorption of gold ions through a simple preparation process, and the prepared gold adsorption material is environmentally friendly and easy to recycle, providing a reliable and practical technical solution for the current pain points of adsorbing gold ions.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The first technical object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of a gold adsorption material, which is prepared by using a commercially available sponge as a raw material, performing calcination carbonization treatment on it, and then soaking it in a surface modifier solution for surface modification.

[0007] The modified carbon sponge material prepared by the present invention can achieve rapid adsorption of gold ions in a short time and a high adsorption rate. The present invention can provide new ideas and applications for the adsorption of low-concentration gold ions, and propose targeted solutions to solve the problems of low gold ion concentration and low recovery efficiency in practical applications.

[0008] Specifically, the present invention is prepared by first carbonizing a commercially available sponge to obtain a carbon sponge, and then immersing the carbon sponge in a surface modifier solution and modifying its surface. The preparation of this modified carbon sponge has the characteristics of low cost, simple and efficient, and environmentally friendly. By carbonizing and modifying this raw material, the effect of rapid adsorption of gold ions can be achieved in a short time. Based on the present invention, new ideas and applications can be provided for the adsorption of low-concentration gold ions, and targeted solutions can be proposed to solve the problems of low gold ion concentration and low recovery efficiency in practical applications.

[0009] Optionally, the surface modifier is a mixture of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) and dopamine with a mass ratio of 1:1, and the mass ratio of the carbon sponge to the surface modifier is 1:2.

[0010] Optionally, the commercially available sponge is selected from melamine sponge, polyester sponge, and polyether sponge.

[0011] Optionally, the calcination and carbonization treatment instrument is a conventional tube furnace, and the calcination and carbonization treatment temperature is 700-1200°C; and the calcination and carbonization treatment is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere, and the inert gas is one of nitrogen, argon, and helium.

[0012] Specifically, taking the following preparation method as an example, the present invention describes the preparation of the above-mentioned gold adsorption material. The preparation of the gold adsorption material and the application of gold ion adsorption include the following steps:

[0013] S1: Cut the commercially available sponge into a cylinder or cuboid with a bottom diameter of 1 cm and a height of 5 cm, wash it in an ultrasonic cleaner with distilled water or ultrapure water for 5-10 minutes, and then place it in an oven at 60-120°C to dry for 24 h to remove the adsorbed moisture.

[0014] S2: Put the dried sponge obtained in step S1 into a quartz boat and place it in a conventional tube furnace, and introduce an inert gas as a protective gas with a gas flow rate of 50-1000 mL / min.

[0015] S3: After introducing the gas for 0-10 minutes in step S2, set the heating rate to 2-10°C / min, heat up to 700-1200°C, and keep it at this temperature for 0.5-1 h to achieve temperature balance and material stability, and then slowly cool to room temperature.

[0016] S4: Take out the carbonized sponge in step S3 to obtain the ultra-light flexible carbon sponge.

[0017] S5: Weigh 0.4 g of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) and 0.4 g of dopamine (DA), and add 0.4 g of (Tris) and 0.4 g of dopamine (DA) to 100 mL of ultrapure water.

[0018] S6: Take 200 mg of the ultra-light flexible carbon sponge obtained in step S4 and put it into the solution in step S5, stir and react for 14 h with a shaker, and dry at 105 °C to obtain a strengthened adsorption and low-density porous carbon sponge material.

[0019] S7: Take 10 mg of the sponge adsorbent prepared in step S6, the adsorption solution volume is 50 mL, add the adsorption material and the adsorption solution into a 50 mL centrifuge tube, and place the centrifuge tube in a thermostatic oscillator and shake it well for a certain time; filter the samples after each batch adsorption experiment with a 0.22 μm microporous filter membrane, and use an ICP inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) to detect the concentration of Au ions in the solution before and after adsorption.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0021] 1) The present invention obtains a carbon sponge by directly carbonizing a commercially available sponge and then immerses the carbon sponge in a surface modifier solution to modify and prepare a gold adsorption material on its surface. This gold adsorption material has the characteristics of low cost, simple and efficient, and environmentally friendly, and can achieve the effect of rapid adsorption of gold ions in a short time.

[0022] 2) Based on the present invention, it can provide new ideas and applications for the adsorption of low-concentration gold ions, and put forward targeted solutions to solve the problems of low gold ion concentration and low recovery efficiency in practical applications. Description of the Drawings

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained according to the provided drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 It is the SEM micrograph of the original commercially available sponge (a) and the carbonized and modified sponge (b).

[0025] Figure 2 It is the adsorption rate of different types of carbon sponges (CMF) after calcination and carbonization modification to gold ions.

[0026] Figure 3 The gold adsorption performance of melamine carbon sponge with different modifiers. Specific embodiments

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] The special term "embodiment" used here, any embodiment described as "exemplary" does not have to be interpreted as superior or better than other embodiments. For the performance index tests in the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the conventional test methods in the art are adopted. It should be understood that the terms described in the present application are only used to describe specific embodiments and are not used to limit the content disclosed in the present application.

[0029] Unless otherwise specified, the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs; other test methods and technical means not specifically noted in this application refer to the experimental methods and technical means commonly adopted by those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0030] In order to better illustrate the content of this application, numerous specific details are given in the following specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that this application can be implemented without certain specific details. In the embodiments, some methods, means, instruments, equipment, etc. well-known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail in order to highlight the gist of this application.

[0031] On the premise of no conflict, the technical features disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be combined arbitrarily, and the obtained technical solutions belong to the content disclosed in the embodiments of this application.

[0032] The present invention discloses a preparation method of a gold adsorption material.

[0033] To better understand the present invention, the following embodiments are used to further specifically elaborate on the present invention, but it cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. For some non-essential improvements and adjustments made by those skilled in the art based on the above-mentioned invention content, they are also considered to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] In this embodiment, a preparation of a modified polyester carbon sponge material and its efficient adsorption application to gold ions are provided, and the following experimental steps are carried out:

[0036] Cut commercially available polyester sponges into cylinders or cuboids with a bottom diameter of 1 cm and a height of 5 cm, and clean them in an ultrasonic cleaner with distilled water or ultrapure water for 10 minutes. Then place them in an oven at 120 °C and dry for 24 h to remove the adsorbed moisture. Put the dried sponge into a quartz boat and place it in a conventional tube furnace. Introduce an inert gas as the protective gas with a ventilation rate of 50 mL / min. Set the heating rate to 10 °C / min and heat up to 1000 °C. Hold at this temperature for 1 h to achieve temperature equilibrium and material stability, and then slowly cool to room temperature to obtain ultra-light flexible carbon sponge.

[0037] Weigh 0.4 g of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) and 0.4 g of dopamine (DA), mix them and add them to 100 mL of ultrapure water. Take 200 mg of ultra-light flexible carbon sponge and put it into the solution, and stir and react with a shaker for 14 h. After drying at 105 °C, a strengthened adsorption and low-density porous carbon sponge material is prepared. Take the sponge adsorbent dosage of 10 mg, the adsorption solution volume of 50 mL, and the adsorption solution concentration of 20 ppm. Add the adsorption material and the adsorption solution to a 50 mL centrifuge tube, and place the centrifuge tube in a constant temperature oscillator and shake it well for 0.5 - 1.5 h. Then filter the samples after the adsorption experiment at each time point with a 0.22 μm microporous filter membrane, and use an ICP inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) to detect the concentration of Au ions in the solution before and after adsorption.

[0038] As Figure 2 shown, when the adsorption time is 30 min, the adsorption rate is 65.4%. When the time is further increased to 1 h and 1.5 h, the adsorption rates are 76% and 78.5% respectively, and the adsorption efficiency can reach nearly 80% at 1 h.

[0039] The poor thermal stability of the polyester sponge leads to serious collapse of the pore structure, formation of amorphous carbon particle accumulation, and the appearance of cracks, thus affecting its adsorption efficiency. When the polyester carbon sponge is immersed in Tris and DA, DA self-polymerizes to form a polydopamine (PDA) coating, covering the surface of the carbon sponge, introducing strong coordination groups such as catechol (-C6H3(OH)2), amino (-NH2), and imino (-NH-). Catechol can reduce Au 3+ to Au + or Au 0 , and at the same time, the Tris amino enhances the surface positive charge and electrostatically adsorbs AuCl4 - . However, the reaction between the carboxyl group on the surface of the polyester carbon sponge and Tris is limited, the adsorption is weak, the PDA coverage is uneven, the specific surface area is low, the functional groups are few, and the adsorption efficiency is low.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] In this embodiment, a preparation of a modified polyether carbon sponge material and its efficient adsorption application for gold ions are provided. The following experimental steps are carried out. Compared with Embodiment 1, the only difference is that:

[0042] The sponge in Embodiment 1 is changed to a polyether sponge, and the experimental steps are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0043] As Figure 2 shown, when the adsorption time is 30 min, the adsorption rate at this moment is measured to be 75.6%. When the time is continued to be increased to 1 h and 1.5 h, the adsorption rates are 84.3% and 85.4% respectively, and the adsorption efficiency can reach nearly 85% at 1 h. The polyether sponge has better thermal stability and stronger hydrolysis resistance than the polyester sponge, but it is easily oxidized and decomposed at high temperatures. Secondly, this material has surface chemical inertness due to only containing ether bonds and terminal hydroxyl groups. When calcined and carbonized to 1000 °C, some closed pores rupture to form mesopores, the carbon skeleton is loose, the surface oxygen-containing functional groups are extremely few, and a small amount of ether ring structure remains. Due to the surface chemical inertness of the polyether sponge, the modification effect is poor, PDA is difficult to be stably loaded, the adsorption performance is unstable and the structure collapses, resulting in the loss of active sites. Moreover, the single functional group and poor thermal stability limit the adsorption efficiency of gold ions.

[0044] Embodiment 3

[0045] In this embodiment, a preparation of a modified melamine carbon sponge material and its efficient adsorption application for gold ions are provided. The following experimental steps are carried out:

[0046] Cut the commercially available melamine sponge into a cylinder or cuboid with a bottom diameter of 1 cm and a height of 5 cm, wash it in an ultrasonic cleaner with distilled water or ultrapure water for 10 minutes, and then place it in an oven at 120 °C for 24 h to dry, removing the adsorbed moisture; put the dried sponge into a quartz boat and place it in a conventional tube furnace, introduce an inert gas as a protective gas, and the gas flow rate is 50 mL / min; set the heating rate to 10 °C / min, heat up to 1000 °C, keep it at this temperature for 1 h to achieve temperature equilibrium and material stability, and then slowly cool to room temperature to obtain an ultra-light flexible carbon sponge.

[0047] From Figure 1 a, it can be seen that the original melamine sponge presents an internal three-dimensional interconnected network structure, and the overall skeleton structure has a complete shape and a smooth surface. From Figure 1 a, it can be seen that the original melamine sponge presents an internal three-dimensional interconnected network structure, and the overall skeleton structure has a complete shape and a smooth surface. When calcined and carbonized to 1000 °C, see Figure 1(b), entering the deep carbonization stage. In this stage, the organic matter decomposes highly, the amorphous carbon transforms into graphite microcrystals, the skeleton becomes thinner and shrinkage and cracks appear. Although the skeleton fibers are broken, the original structure is still maintained.

[0048] Weigh 0.4 g of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) and 0.4 g of dopamine (DA), mix them and add them to 100 mL of ultrapure water. Take 200 mg of ultra-light flexible carbon sponge and put it into the solution, stir and react for 14 h with a shaker, and dry it at 105 °C to obtain a strengthened adsorption, low-density porous carbon sponge material. Take the carbon sponge adsorbent dosage of 10 mg, the adsorption solution volume of 50 mL, and the adsorption solution concentration of 20 ppm. Add the adsorption material and the adsorption solution to a 50 mL centrifuge tube, and place the centrifuge tube in a constant temperature oscillator and shake it thoroughly for 0.5 - 1.5 h. Then, filter the samples after the adsorption experiment at each time point with a 0.22 μm microporous filter membrane, and use an ICP inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) to detect the concentration of Au ions in the solution before and after adsorption.

[0049] As Figure 2 shown, the experimental results show that when the adsorption time is 30 min, the adsorption rate is 85.4%. When the time is further increased to 1 h and 1.5 h, the adsorption rates are 97.6% and 100% respectively. After adding Tris and DA, the adsorption performance is the best. Due to the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction, coordination and reduction ability, the adsorption capacity and rate of gold ions are significantly improved, reaching an adsorption rate of 100%. The reason is that Tris provides an alkaline environment for the polymerization of DA, and at the same time, the amino group of Tris binds to PDA. The PDA coating provides multiple coordination sites, forming a denser functional group layer with the strongest adsorption ability. For the adsorption of gold ions, both Au 3+ and Au + are positively charged, so an increase in surface negative charge is beneficial to adsorption. In addition, groups such as catechol have a strong coordination ability with Au, reducing Au ions to nanoparticles and promoting adsorption.

[0050] As can be seen from the above three embodiments, when the calcination carbonization temperature is 1000 °C, without changing the preparation process, by changing the raw materials of the carbon sponge, it can be seen from the adsorption performance graph that when melamine sponge is selected as the raw material for carbonization treatment and modified with reagents, the gold adsorption effect is better, and the 100% adsorption effect can be achieved in a short time. Compared with polyester sponge and polyether sponge in terms of raw materials, it has stronger thermal stability, more stable microstructure, richer functional groups, and is more likely to interact with gold ions, such as forming bonds with gold ions to achieve the effect of rapid adsorption. When the two modifying reagents are added to the solution, Tris provides an alkaline environment for the polymerization of DA, and at the same time provides more amino groups. After the amino groups combine with dopamine (DA), more abundant functional groups are generated, achieving electrostatic attraction, bonding, and reduction effects on gold ions, increasing the adsorption rate of gold ions and also playing a good role in the recovery of gold.

[0051] In order to further explore the effects of the two modifiers on the melamine carbon sponge, the following examples respectively explore the effects of using the two modifiers on this material:

[0052] Example 4

[0053] In this example, it is to explore the effects of single modifiers and mixed modifiers on the characteristics of gold ion adsorption by melamine carbon sponge, and the adsorption mechanism therein is elaborated. In this example, the modifier for gold ion adsorption by the melamine carbon sponge in Example 3 was supplemented, and the effect of adding only tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) on the gold ion adsorption by the melamine carbon sponge was studied.

[0054] Only 0.4 g of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) was dissolved in 100 mL of ultrapure water, and the carbon sponge was put into the solution respectively, and the reaction was stirred with a shaker for 14 h, and then dried at 105 °C for the adsorption experiment. As Figure 3 shown by the experiment, when the adsorption time was 30 min, the adsorption rate measured at this moment was only 5%. Continuing to increase the time to 1 h and 1.5 h, the adsorption rates were 14% and 21.3% respectively. The Tris molecule contains three hydroxyl groups (-OH) and one amino group (-NH2), but during the modification process, mainly hydrogen bonds or dehydration condensation are formed through the hydroxyl groups with the oxygen-containing groups (such as hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups) on the surface of the carbon sponge, and the introduced active groups are mainly hydroxyl groups. Hydroxyl groups belong to hard bases, and their coordination ability with Au3 + is much lower than that of nitrogen-containing (such as pyridine nitrogen, amino) or sulfur-containing groups, and the ligand exchange of AuCl4 - tends to combine with soft bases more, resulting in insufficient affinity of the material modified by Tris for gold ions; protonation and charge repulsion of amino groups: The amino group of Tris is prone to protonation (-NH3 +), if the pH of the solution is lower than the pKa of Tris (about 8.1), the amino group exists in the form of a positive charge, while AuCl4 - is negatively charged, and electrostatic repulsion will prevent the two from approaching, further reducing the adsorption efficiency.

[0055] The weak alkalinity (pH≈8) of the Tris solution partially deprotonates the amino group (-NH2) on the surface of the carbon sponge (-NH - ), enhancing the surface negative charge, exposing the amino group, and enhancing the electrostatic adsorption. Some positively charged gold ions (Au 3+ 、Au + ) are adsorbed through electrostatic interaction. However, limited by the single type of functional group, the adsorption performance is restricted.

[0056] Example 5

[0057] In this example, the modifier for the adsorption of gold ions by the melamine carbon sponge in Example 3 was supplemented, and the effect of adding only dopamine (DA) on the adsorption of gold ions by the melamine carbon sponge was studied.

[0058] Only 0.4 g of dopamine (DA) was dissolved in 100 mL of ultrapure water, and the carbon sponge was placed in the solution. The mixture was stirred on a shaker for 12 h, dried at 105 °C, and then used for adsorption, as Figure 3 shown: Experimentally measured that when the adsorption time was 30 min, the adsorption rate at this moment was 13.6%. Continuing to increase the time to 1 h and 1.5 h, the adsorption rates were 27.5% and 38.6% respectively. When the carbon sponge was immersed in the dopamine solution, dopamine molecules contain catechol (pyrocatechol) and amino (-NH2) groups. Theoretically, it can coordinate with metal ions through oxygen / nitrogen atoms. However, gold ions mainly exist in the form of chloroaurate (AuCl4 - ) in the solution, and its coordination requirement is for soft base ligands (such as strong coordination groups containing S and N). The oxygen atom of catechol belongs to a hard base, and its binding force with the soft acid (Au3 + ) is weak (hard-soft acid-base theory). In addition, under acidic conditions (hydrochloric acid dopamine solution), the amino group is easily protonated (-NH3 + ), and the positive charge may repel Au3 + (or its hydrolysis products) that also carry partial positive charges, rather than effective complexation. Dopamine is easily oxidized and self-polymerized to form a polydopamine (PDA) layer under neutral / alkaline conditions. However, if modified under acidic conditions (hydrochloric acid dopamine solution is usually acidic), dopamine mainly exists as monomers, and it is difficult to form a uniform and dense adsorption layer, resulting in insufficient surface active site density. Even if a PDA layer is formed, its cross-linked structure may block the micropores of the carbon sponge, hindering the diffusion of AuCl4 - into the internal pores, and only surface adsorption dominates, resulting in limited adsorption capacity.

[0059] After adding the two modifying reagents to the solution, the synergistic ligand effect of catechol and amino group: The catechol (pyrocatechol) group of dopamine dissociates partially into phenolate anion (-O - ) under neutral or weakly alkaline conditions (Tris can be used as a buffer to adjust the pH to 7.0 - 8.5). As a soft base ligand (the oxygen atom with lone pair electrons), it can form a coordination bond with the soft acid Au3 + . Meanwhile, the amino groups (-NH2, not fully protonated) of dopamine and Tris provide nitrogen atom coordination sites. The electronegativity of nitrogen is lower than that of oxygen, making it closer to the soft acid property of Au3 + , which conforms to the matching of the soft and hard acid-base theory (SABT) and enhances the coordination ability. When modified with single DA, the acidic condition causes the protonation of the amino group (-NH3 + ). However, the addition of Tris buffers the pH, reduces the protonation of the amino group, retains more neutral -NH2, and directly participates in the coordination with Au3 + . Although the three hydroxyl groups (-OH) of Tris have weak coordination ability, they can bind to Cl - in AuCl4 - or water molecules through hydrogen bonds to form a "hydrogen bond bridge", assisting in stabilizing the adsorption of Au ions on the material surface. Meanwhile, the hydrophilicity of the hydroxyl groups promotes the infiltration and contact of the material with Au complex ions in the aqueous solution.

[0060] In order to further prove the beneficial effects of the present invention for better understanding of the present invention, the following comparative examples are used to further clarify the technical features disclosed in the present invention, but it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. For other improvements made by those skilled in the art based on the above-mentioned inventive content without creative work, they are also considered to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0061] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but rather will be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a gold adsorption material, characterized in that Using a commercially available sponge as a raw material, after calcination and carbonization treatment, the carbon sponge is immersed in a surface modifier solution for surface modification to obtain the carbon sponge material described above.

2. The preparation method of the carbon sponge material according to claim 1, wherein The surface modifier is a mixture composed of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) and dopamine at a mass ratio of 1:1, and the mass ratio of the carbon sponge to the surface modifier is 1:

2.

3. The preparation method of the carbon sponge material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The commercially available sponge is selected from melamine sponges, polyester sponges, and polyether sponges.

4. The preparation method of the carbon sponge material according to claim 1, wherein The calcination and carbonization treatment is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere. The temperature of the calcination and carbonization treatment is 700 - 1200 °C, and the inert gas is one of nitrogen, argon, and helium.

5. The preparation method of the carbon sponge material according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heating rate is 2 - 10 °C / min, and the temperature is kept constant for 1 - 2 h.

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