A tunnel wall surface self-cleaning system based on electrostatic adsorption principle and design method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of tunnel cleaning technology, and discloses a tunnel wall self-cleaning system and design method based on the principle of electrostatic adsorption, aiming to solve the problems of low efficiency, high cost, and significant safety hazards in traditional tunnel cleaning. The system includes a solar power supply system, an automatic control system, and a dust removal system: the automatic control system uses a laser particulate sensor to detect dust concentration and dynamically adjusts the dust removal voltage using a fuzzy PID algorithm; the dust removal system uses an arc-shaped conductive fiber dust collection plate adapted to the curved surface structure of the tunnel, achieving efficient dust removal through a vibrator and dust collection box, and integrates humidity control to suppress secondary dust generation. This invention innovatively achieves the organic integration of new energy power supply and intelligent dust removal, featuring a compact structure, strong adaptability, energy saving, and environmental protection. It significantly improves the automation and intelligence level of tunnel cleaning operations, reduces operating costs, and provides an efficient, economical, and sustainable solution for tunnel environmental management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel cleaning technology, and in particular to a tunnel wall self-cleaning system and design method based on the principle of electrostatic adsorption. Background Technology

[0002] Maintaining a clean environment inside tunnels is crucial for ensuring driving safety and comfort. Tunnels house ventilation, lighting, and monitoring systems, all of which typically function optimally in a clean environment. If dust and particulate matter are constantly circulating within the tunnel, the lifespan of fans and lighting equipment may decrease, light transmittance inside the tunnel will be reduced, lighting efficiency will be lowered, and the reliability of various detectors will decline. Therefore, only through effective cleaning and maintenance can tunnels maintain their high service quality and provide a comfortable travel environment for vehicles.

[0003] However, compared to other highway structures, tunnels are long and tubular, making it difficult for pollutants such as smoke and dust to disperse. These pollutants tend to adhere to the surface of the lining structure, causing dirt and grime over time. Traditional tunnel cleaning methods mainly rely on manual washing or mechanical sweeping, which suffer from low efficiency, high costs, significant operational safety risks, and traffic disruptions.

[0004] Against this backdrop, electrostatic precipitators have become an effective means of removing particulate matter from flues. However, existing electrostatic precipitators are mostly used in industrial flues, which are complex in structure and bulky, making them difficult to adapt to the curved surface of tunnels. Furthermore, the high-voltage power supply system poses safety hazards in enclosed spaces, and there is a lack of adaptive control mechanisms for tunnel dust concentration, which seriously affects the automation and intelligence of tunnel cleaning operations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a tunnel wall self-cleaning system that integrates an arc-shaped conductive fiber dust collection plate with intelligent dust concentration detection and solar power supply. This system features a compact structure, adaptability to tunnel environments, intelligent concentration feedback, efficient dust removal, and a green and economical approach.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0007] A tunnel wall self-cleaning system based on the principle of electrostatic adsorption is disclosed. This system includes a solar power supply system, an automatic control system, and a dust removal system. The solar power supply system is installed outside the tunnel and is wired to the automatic control system and the dust removal system. The automatic control system includes several detection probes spaced every 50m along the tunnel's inner sidewalls, and a central controller installed in the tunnel entrance power distribution room or centralized control room and wired to the detection probes. The central controller is wired to the dust removal system via a high-frequency inverter transformer. The dust removal system includes several conductive fiber dust collection plates continuously laid longitudinally along both sides of the tunnel's inner sidewalls, several vibrators located at the corners where the tunnel's sidewalls intersect with the maintenance passage and spaced every 20m longitudinally along the tunnel, dust collection boxes arranged longitudinally along the tunnel to collect dust dislodged by the vibrators, and silicone rubber strip insulators positioned longitudinally between the conductive fiber dust collection plates and the dust collection boxes.

[0008] Furthermore, the solar power supply system includes solar photovoltaic panels, a controller, a battery, and a power distribution network; the solar photovoltaic panels are located at the top of the tunnel entrance and are installed at a 15° angle; the controller and the battery are located in the power distribution room at the tunnel entrance, the battery is wired to the solar photovoltaic panels through the controller, and the battery is connected to the automatic control system and the dust removal system through the power distribution network laid in pipes along the side wall of the tunnel maintenance passage.

[0009] Furthermore, the solar photovoltaic panel adopts a double-glass monocrystalline silicon module with an efficiency of ≥22% and a single-unit power of 600Wp, featuring an n+1 redundancy configuration; the controller employs a high-speed CPU microprocessor and a high-precision A / D analog-to-digital converter for precise control of charging and discharging conditions; the battery uses a lithium iron phosphate battery pack with a capacity of 50kWh, a cycle life of ≥3000 cycles, and a charge / discharge efficiency of >95%, integrating a supercapacitor module with an instantaneous discharge capacity of 200kW; the power distribution network cable uses YJV62-26 / 35kV cross-linked polyethylene insulated armored cable, capable of withstanding 100kA and 8 / 20μs waveform.

[0010] Furthermore, the detection probe has a built-in accuracy of ±5μg / m 3 The laser particulate sensor accurately captures changes in dust concentration; the central controller adopts an industrial-grade PLC controller with a built-in fuzzy PID algorithm, which intelligently adjusts the voltage response speed according to the dust concentration gradient; the high-frequency inverter transformer has a ripple coefficient ≤1% and is equipped with an arc detection module, which automatically derates by 10% when the discharge frequency is >5 times / min.

[0011] Furthermore, the conductive fiber dust collection plate covers a 40-50° arc range of the two sidewalls of the tunnel inner wall, and the distance between it and the tunnel sidewall surface is ≤2mm; the conductive fiber dust collection plate is an arc-shaped electrode plate made of carbon fiber or nano-silver wire composite conductive film, with a thickness of 0.3mm and a surface resistance of ≤20Ω / sq, and the surface is coated with fluorosilicone modified epoxy resin to form a lotus leaf-like effect; the vibrator adopts micro-amplitude high-frequency vibration driven by an electric vibrator, with a frequency of 700 times / min and a duration of 1 minute.

[0012] Furthermore, the dust collection box has an L-shaped cross-section and is equipped with a humidity sensor and a humidifier. The humidity sensor has a trigger threshold of 20%. When the humidity is <20%, the humidifier is activated to maintain the dust humidity in the box at 20% to 50%.

[0013] A design method for a tunnel wall self-cleaning system, specifically addressing the aforementioned tunnel wall self-cleaning system based on the electrostatic adsorption principle, includes the following steps:

[0014] Step S1: Based on tunnel parameters, analyze the diffusion law of pollutants in the tunnel through CFD fluid simulation, and determine the coverage arc α and thickness of the conductive fiber dust collection plate by combining finite element electric field simulation. With the goal of dust removal efficiency ≥90% and minimum energy consumption, solve for the optimal voltage combination.

[0015] Step S2: Based on NASA photovoltaic irradiance data, simulate and calculate the battery capacity of the solar power system to ensure power redundancy during 7 consecutive days of cloudy and rainy weather;

[0016] Step S3: Establish the mapping relationship between dust concentration gradient C and dust removal voltage of high-frequency inverter transformer through the fuzzy PID algorithm of central controller to achieve dynamic adjustment.

[0017] Furthermore, the CFD simulation parameters in step S1 include: traffic volume, ventilation speed, and vehicle braking dust emissions; the finite element simulation outputs a dust removal efficiency surface of the conductive fiber dust collection plate thickness-coverage arc-voltage, selecting an operating condition with an efficiency ≥90% and energy consumption ≤5kW.

[0018] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the dust concentration gradient C in step S3 is as follows:

[0019]

[0020] In the formula, C is the rate of change of dust concentration in the tunnel per unit time, reflecting the dynamic trend of dust pollution. This represents the change in PM2.5 particulate matter concentration inside the tunnel within the time interval Δt. This represents the change in PM10 particulate matter concentration inside the tunnel within a time interval Δt; Δt represents the time difference between two dust concentration measurements.

[0021] When C > 10 mg / m 3 At h, the voltage of the conductive fiber dust collection plate is boosted to 35V by the high-frequency inverter transformer controlled by the central controller.

[0022] When 2≤C<10mg / m 3 At h, the voltage of the conductive fiber dust collection plate is maintained at 20V by the high-frequency inverter transformer controlled by the central controller.

[0023] When C < 2 mg / m 3 At h, the voltage of the conductive fiber dust collection plate is reduced to 5V by the high-frequency inverter transformer controlled by the central controller.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0025] This invention provides a tunnel wall self-cleaning system and design method based on the principle of electrostatic adsorption, which has the following significant advantages:

[0026] 1. High adaptability: The electrostatic dust collection structure on the tunnel sidewall adopts an arc-shaped conductive fiber dust collection plate, which breaks through the limitations of traditional flat plate dust collection, perfectly adapts to the curved surface structure of the tunnel, and effectively solves the problem that ceiling-mounted, bypass and vertical shaft electrostatic dust collection stations are bulky and difficult to install.

[0027] 2. Intelligent and efficient: By using a dynamic coupling control model of dust concentration gradient and electric field strength, combined with fuzzy PID algorithm, intelligent adjustment of dust removal voltage and optimization of start-stop cycle are achieved. While ensuring dust removal efficiency ≥90%, energy consumption is reduced to ≤5kW, significantly saving operating costs.

[0028] 3. Green and environmentally friendly: The integrated solar power supply system uses double-glass monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels and lithium iron phosphate battery packs, along with supercapacitor modules, to ensure power redundancy for seven consecutive days of cloudy and rainy weather, achieving green and low-carbon operation, which is in line with the concept of sustainable development.

[0029] 4. Safe and reliable: Equipped with a high-frequency inverter transformer and an arc detection module, it automatically derates when the discharge frequency is too high to ensure system safety; the dust collection box has a built-in humidity sensor and humidification system to maintain the dust humidity at 20%-50%, avoid secondary dust generation, and improve environmental performance.

[0030] 5. High economic efficiency: The design parameters are optimized through CFD fluid simulation and finite element electric field simulation to balance dust removal efficiency and energy consumption; the rapper and dust collection box work together to reduce the frequency of manual maintenance and reduce long-term operating costs.

[0031] In summary, this invention achieves the organic integration of new energy power supply and dust removal system. By combining the solar power supply system with the tunnel wall self-cleaning system, it achieves the characteristics of being green, low-carbon, economical and efficient. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the tunnel wall self-cleaning system of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the subsystems of the tunnel wall self-cleaning system of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the design method of the tunnel wall self-cleaning system of the present invention;

[0035] In the diagram, 1—solar power supply system, 11—solar photovoltaic panel, 12—controller, 13—battery, 14—power distribution network; 2—automatic control system, 21—detection probe, 22—central controller, 23—high frequency inverter transformer; 3—dust removal system, 31—conductive fiber dust collection plate, 32—vibrator, 33—dust collection box. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] For ease of explanation, spatial relative terms such as “above,” “below,” “left,” and “right” may be used herein to describe the relationship of one element or feature shown in the figure relative to another element or feature. It should be understood that, in addition to dealing with the orientation shown in the figure, spatial terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device in the figure is inverted, an element described as being “below” other elements or features would be defined as being “above” other elements or features. Therefore, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both above and below. The device may be positioned in other ways, and the spatial relative descriptions used herein can be interpreted accordingly.

[0038] To address the problems of low efficiency, high cost, and significant safety hazards associated with traditional tunnel cleaning methods, this embodiment provides a tunnel wall self-cleaning system based on the principle of electrostatic adsorption. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The tunnel wall self-cleaning system shown mainly includes a solar power supply system 1, an automatic control system 2, and a dust removal system 3.

[0039] The solar power supply system 1 is installed outside the tunnel and is wiredly connected to the automatic control system 2 and the dust removal system 3. In this embodiment, the solar power supply system 1 provides green and reliable energy support for the entire tunnel wall self-cleaning system, solving the problems of high energy consumption and poor economic efficiency of traditional cleaning methods. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the solar power supply system 1 includes solar photovoltaic panels 11, a controller 12, a battery 13, and a power distribution network 14. The solar photovoltaic panels 11 are located at the top of the tunnel entrance and are installed at a 15° tilt angle. The solar photovoltaic panels 11 use double-glass monocrystalline silicon modules with an efficiency of ≥22% and a single-unit power of 600Wp. They have an n+1 redundancy configuration to ensure power supply stability. The controller 12 and battery 13 are located in the power distribution room at the tunnel entrance. The controller 12 uses a high-speed CPU microprocessor and a high-precision A / D converter for precise control of charging and discharging conditions. The battery 13 uses a lithium iron phosphate battery pack with a capacity of 50kWh, a cycle life of ≥3000 cycles, and a charge / discharge efficiency of >95%. It integrates a supercapacitor module with an instantaneous discharge capacity of 200kW to meet instantaneous high power requirements. The battery 13 is wired to the solar photovoltaic panel 11 through the controller 12. The battery 13 is also connected to the automatic control system 2 and the dust removal system 3 through a power distribution network 14 laid in conduits along the side wall of the tunnel maintenance passage. The cables in the power distribution network 14 are YJV62-26 / 35kV cross-linked polyethylene insulated armored cables, which can withstand 100kA and 8 / 20μs waveforms and are equipped with three levels of lightning protection to ensure the safety of system operation.

[0040] In the solar power system 1, solar photovoltaic panels 11 convert solar energy into electrical energy, providing clean energy for the entire system. A controller 12 controls the charging process of the photovoltaic panels to the storage battery 13 and adjusts the power output according to load demand. The storage battery 13 stores the electrical energy generated by solar power, providing continuous power support for the system. The power distribution network 14 safely and stably transmits electrical energy to each subsystem.

[0041] The automatic control system 2 in this embodiment uses intelligent means to achieve real-time monitoring and dynamic control of dust concentration in the tunnel, significantly improving dust removal efficiency and reducing system operating costs. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the automatic control system 2 includes several detection probes 21 installed at 50m intervals along the inner wall of the tunnel; the detection probes 21 have a built-in accuracy of ±5μg / m 3The system employs a laser particulate sensor to accurately capture changes in dust concentration. A detection probe 21 monitors the dust concentration (PM2.5 and PM10) and electric field strength within the tunnel in real time, transmitting the data to a central controller 22. The central controller 22 is installed in the tunnel entrance power distribution room or centralized control room and is wired to the detection probe 21. The central controller 22 uses an industrial-grade PLC controller with a built-in fuzzy PID algorithm, intelligently adjusting the voltage response speed based on the dust concentration gradient. The central controller 22 receives data from the detection probe 21 and dynamically adjusts the operating voltage and start-stop cycle of the dust removal system 3. The central controller 22 is wired to the dust removal system 3 via a high-frequency inverter transformer 23. The high-frequency inverter transformer 23 has a ripple coefficient ≤1% and is equipped with an arc detection module, automatically derating by 10% when the discharge frequency > 5 times / min. The high-frequency inverter transformer 23 boosts the low-voltage DC to a high voltage suitable for electrostatic adsorption: 0-30kV DC.

[0042] In this embodiment, the dust removal system 3 achieves efficient cleaning of the tunnel walls through electrostatic adsorption, mechanical vibration, and dust collection. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the dust removal system 3 includes several conductive fiber dust collection plates 31 continuously laid longitudinally along the two sidewalls of the tunnel inner wall. The conductive fiber dust collection plates 31 cover the arc range α of the two sidewalls of the tunnel inner wall, where α is an arc range of 40 to 50°. The distance between the conductive fiber dust collection plates 31 and the tunnel sidewall surface is ≤2mm, and the joints overlap by 20mm and are sealed with conductive adhesive. The conductive fiber dust collection plates 31 are made of arc-shaped plates made of carbon fiber or nano-silver wire composite conductive film, with a thickness of 0.3mm and a surface resistance of ≤20Ω / sq. The surface is coated with fluorosilicone modified epoxy resin to form a lotus leaf-like effect. The conductive fiber dust collection plates 31 capture dust particles in the air by electrostatic adsorption, thereby achieving air-dust separation. The dust removal system 3 also includes several vibrators 32 located at the corners where the tunnel sidewalls meet the maintenance passage, spaced every 20m along the tunnel's longitudinal direction. The vibrators 32 employ electric vibrators to drive micro-amplitude high-frequency vibration at 700 times / min for 1 minute, mechanically dislodging dust adsorbed on the dust collection plate for easy collection. Considering dust collection, this embodiment includes a dust collection box 33 arranged along the tunnel's longitudinal direction to collect dust dislodged by the vibration. The dust collection box 33 has an L-shaped cross-section, a 40cm long base plate, and a 20cm high baffle plate, used to collect the dust dislodged by the vibration. Furthermore, to ensure system safety, this embodiment includes a silicone rubber strip insulator installed between the conductive fiber dust collection plate 31 and the dust collection box 33 along the tunnel's longitudinal direction. The silicone rubber strip insulator has a withstand voltage rating ≥10kV / cm, and its corrugated groove design enhances the creepage distance to ≥200mm. The silicone rubber strip insulator isolates the high-voltage dust collection plate from the dust collection box 33, preventing leakage or short circuits, thereby ensuring system safety.

[0043] Furthermore, as a preferred technical solution in this embodiment, a humidity sensor and a humidifier are also installed inside the dust collection box 33. The humidity sensor and humidifier are not shown in the figure; the humidifier is wired to the humidity sensor. The humidity sensor monitors the humidity inside the box in real time, and its trigger threshold is 20%. When the humidity is <20%, the humidifier is activated to maintain the dust humidity inside the box at 20%–50%, suppressing secondary dust generation. Humidity control effectively suppresses secondary dust generation and improves overall environmental performance.

[0044] Furthermore, based on the aforementioned tunnel wall self-cleaning system based on the principle of electrostatic adsorption, this embodiment also proposes a design method for a tunnel wall self-cleaning system, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the design method of this tunnel wall self-cleaning system includes the following steps:

[0045] Step S1, Parameter optimization design of conductive fiber dust collection plate 31:

[0046] First, CFD fluid simulation analysis is performed:

[0047] Input tunnel parameters, including traffic volume, ventilation speed, and vehicle braking dust emissions, to simulate the diffusion pattern of pollutants within the tunnel. Simulation determines the distribution characteristics of pollutants within the tunnel cross-section and clarifies the optimal coverage arc range of the conductive fiber dust collection plate 31, i.e., α = 40–50°.

[0048] Then, finite element electric field simulation optimization is performed:

[0049] A model is established to show the relationship between the thickness and coverage curvature of the conductive fiber dust collection plate 31 and the operating voltage, and a surface diagram of the dust removal efficiency is output. The optimal operating condition combination is selected while ensuring a dust removal efficiency of ≥90% and energy consumption of ≤5kW.

[0050] For example: dust collection plate thickness: 0.3mm; coverage arc: 45°; working voltage: 20V, i.e.: normal mode.

[0051] Step S2, Energy storage design of solar power system 1:

[0052] First, we will analyze the photovoltaic irradiance data:

[0053] Using NASA's photovoltaic irradiance database and the lighting conditions in the area where the tunnel is located, the average daily power generation of solar photovoltaic panel 11 was calculated.

[0054] Then, the capacity of battery 13 is calculated.

[0055] Based on the system's average daily power consumption and the power redundancy requirements during seven consecutive days of rainy weather, the capacity of battery 13 was determined to be 50kWh, using a lithium iron phosphate battery pack with a cycle life of ≥3000 cycles. A supercapacitor module was configured, with an instantaneous discharge capacity of 200kW to meet the instantaneous high power requirements of the vibrator 32.

[0056] Step S3, Intelligent Dust Removal Control Strategy Design:

[0057] First, the dust concentration gradient is calculated:

[0058] Real-time PM2.5 and PM10 concentration data are collected, and the dust concentration gradient C is calculated using a formula. The formula for calculating the dust concentration gradient C is:

[0059]

[0060] In the formula, C is the rate of change of dust concentration in the tunnel per unit time, reflecting the dynamic trend of dust pollution. This represents the change in PM2.5 particulate matter concentration inside the tunnel within the time interval Δt. This represents the change in PM10 particulate matter concentration inside the tunnel within a time interval Δt; Δt represents the time difference between two dust concentration measurements.

[0061] Then, dynamic voltage regulation:

[0062] Based on the dust concentration gradient C, the dust removal voltage is dynamically adjusted using a fuzzy PID algorithm in the central controller 22.

[0063] When C > 10 mg / m 3 At h, the voltage of the conductive fiber dust collection plate 31 is boosted to 35V by the high-frequency inverter transformer 23 controlled by the central controller 22.

[0064] When 2≤C<10mg / m 3 At h, the voltage of the conductive fiber dust collection plate 31 is controlled by the central controller 22 to maintain the high-frequency inverter transformer 23 at 20V.

[0065] When C < 2 mg / m 3 At h, the voltage of the conductive fiber dust collection plate 31 is reduced to 5V by the high-frequency inverter transformer 23 controlled by the central controller 22.

[0066] Finally, security protection mechanisms:

[0067] The transformer is equipped with an arc detection module, which automatically derates by 10% when the discharge frequency exceeds 5 times / min to ensure system safety.

[0068] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A design method for a tunnel wall self-cleaning system, characterized in that: The design method of this tunnel wall self-cleaning system is aimed at tunnel wall self-cleaning systems based on the principle of electrostatic adsorption; The tunnel wall self-cleaning system includes a solar power system, an automatic control system, and a dust removal system. The solar power system is installed outside the tunnel and is wired to the automatic control system and the dust removal system. The automatic control system includes several detection probes spaced every 50m along the inner wall of the tunnel, a central controller installed in the power distribution room at the tunnel entrance or in the central control room and wired to the detection probes, and the central controller is wired to the dust removal system through a high-frequency inverter transformer. The dust removal system includes several conductive fiber dust collection plates laid continuously along the longitudinal direction of the inner wall of the tunnel, several vibrators located at the corners where the inner wall of the tunnel intersects with the maintenance road and spaced every 20m along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, dust collection boxes arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to collect dust dislodged by the vibration, and silicone rubber strip insulators arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel between the conductive fiber dust collection plates and the dust collection boxes. The solar power supply system includes solar photovoltaic panels, a controller, a battery, and a power distribution network. The solar photovoltaic panels are located at the top of the tunnel entrance and are installed at a 15° angle. The controller and the battery are located in the power distribution room at the tunnel entrance. The battery is wired to the solar photovoltaic panels through the controller. The battery is connected to the automatic control system and the dust removal system through a power distribution network laid in pipes along the side wall of the tunnel maintenance passage. The central controller adopts an industrial-grade PLC controller with a built-in fuzzy PID algorithm, which intelligently adjusts the voltage response speed according to the dust concentration gradient. The conductive fiber dust collection plate covers the 40-50° arc range of the two side walls of the tunnel inner wall, and the distance between it and the tunnel side wall surface is ≤2mm. The conductive fiber dust collection plate is an arc-shaped electrode plate made of carbon fiber or nano-silver wire composite conductive film with a thickness of 0.3mm and a surface resistance of ≤20Ω / sq. The surface is coated with fluorosilicone modified epoxy resin to form a lotus leaf effect. The dust collection box has an L-shaped cross-section and is equipped with a humidity sensor and a humidifier. The humidity sensor has a trigger threshold of 20%. When the humidity is less than 20%, the humidifier is activated to maintain the dust humidity inside the box at 20% to 50%. The design method for this tunnel wall self-cleaning system includes the following steps: Step S1: Based on tunnel parameters, analyze the diffusion law of pollutants in the tunnel through CFD fluid simulation, and determine the coverage arc α and thickness of the conductive fiber dust collection plate by combining finite element electric field simulation. With the goal of dust removal efficiency ≥90% and minimum energy consumption, solve for the optimal voltage combination. Step S2: Based on NASA photovoltaic irradiance data, simulate and calculate the battery capacity of the solar power system to ensure power redundancy during 7 consecutive days of cloudy and rainy weather; Step S3: Establish the mapping relationship between dust concentration gradient C and dust removal voltage of high-frequency inverter transformer through the fuzzy PID algorithm of central controller to achieve dynamic adjustment.

2. The design method of the tunnel wall self-cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar photovoltaic panels use double-glass monocrystalline silicon modules with an efficiency of ≥22% and a single-unit power of 600Wp, featuring n+1 redundancy. The controller employs a high-speed CPU microprocessor and a high-precision A / D converter for precise control of charging and discharging conditions. The battery uses a lithium iron phosphate battery pack with a capacity of 50kWh, a cycle life of ≥3000 cycles, and a charge / discharge efficiency of >95%. It integrates a supercapacitor module with an instantaneous discharge capacity of 200kW. The power distribution network uses YJV62-26 / 35kV cross-linked polyethylene insulated armored cables, capable of withstanding 100kA and 8 / 20μs waveforms.

3. The design method of the tunnel wall self-cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection probe has a built-in laser particulate sensor with an accuracy of ±5μg / m³, which accurately captures changes in dust concentration; the high-frequency inverter transformer has a ripple coefficient of ≤1% and is equipped with an arc detection module, which automatically derates by 10% when the discharge frequency is >5 times / min.

4. The design method of the tunnel wall self-cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibrator uses a micro-amplitude high-frequency vibration driven by an electric vibrator, with a frequency of 700 times / min and a duration of 1 minute.

5. The design method of the tunnel wall self-cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the CFD simulation parameters include: traffic volume, ventilation speed, and vehicle braking dust emissions; the finite element simulation outputs a dust removal efficiency surface of the conductive fiber dust collection plate thickness-coverage arc-voltage, selecting an operating condition with an efficiency ≥90% and energy consumption ≤5kW.

6. The design method of the tunnel wall self-cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the dust concentration gradient C in step S3 is: In the formula, The rate of change of dust concentration in the tunnel per unit time reflects the dynamic trend of dust pollution. This represents the change in PM2.5 particulate matter concentration inside the tunnel within the time interval Δt. This represents the change in PM10 particulate matter concentration inside the tunnel within a time interval Δt; Δt represents the time difference between two dust concentration measurements. When C > 10 mg / m³·h, the voltage of the conductive fiber dust collection plate is boosted to 35V by the high-frequency inverter transformer controlled by the central controller. When 2≤C<10mg / m³·h, the voltage of the conductive fiber dust collection plate is maintained at 20V by the high-frequency inverter transformer controlled by the central controller. When C < 2 mg / m³·h, the voltage of the conductive fiber dust collection plate is reduced to 5V by the high-frequency inverter transformer controlled by the central controller.

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