Melting and casting process of rare earth aluminum alloy bar

Abstract

According to the process, raw materials are smelted through a smelting furnace, the smelting furnace comprises a smelting furnace body, a fixing mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the smelting furnace body, a feeding mechanism is arranged on the inner side of the fixing mechanism, the feeding mechanism comprises a rotating shaft, and a driven wheel is fixedly installed at the top of the rotating shaft; the outer side of the rotating shaft is fixedly sleeved with a mounting base, three storage hoppers are fixedly inserted into the inner wall of the mounting base, and movable baffles are rotationally installed at the bottoms of the inner walls of the storage hoppers. The servo motor works to enable the driving wheel to rotate, and the rotating shaft can be driven to rotate through the transmission effect between the driving wheel and the driven wheel, so that the mounting seat can drive the three storage hoppers to be sequentially connected with the feeding pipe, and rare earth or other raw materials can be conveniently added into the smelting furnace; and the smelting furnace can smelt the rare earth aluminum alloy more stably.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rare earth aluminum alloy bar melting and casting, and particularly relates to a melting and casting process for rare earth aluminum alloy bars. Background Art

[0002] Rare earth aluminum alloy is a composite material composed of rare earth elements and aluminum elements, where aluminum is the main matrix metal. The addition of rare earth elements can significantly improve the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance of aluminum, and it is widely used in fields such as aviation, automotive, and shipbuilding. In the aviation industry, it is often used to manufacture aircraft accessories and engine blades. In the automotive industry, it is widely used in automotive sports accessories and the body structures of light vehicles. In the shipbuilding industry, rare earth aluminum alloy can be used to manufacture hull structures. Rare earth aluminum alloy bars are functional bars made based on aluminum alloy and adding appropriate amounts of rare earth elements.

[0003] An aluminum alloy melting furnace for producing aluminum alloy profiles with a publication number of CN215598077U includes a furnace body. The top of the furnace body is hinged with a furnace cover. An installation plate is fixedly connected to the side wall of the furnace body. A furnace cover opening and closing device for opening and closing the furnace cover and transferring materials into the furnace body is installed on the furnace cover. A furnace cover locking device for locking the furnace cover is installed on the installation plate. A driving device for driving the furnace cover opening and closing device and the furnace cover locking device to act is also installed on the installation plate. In this utility model, through the drive of the driving motor, the limiting rod separates from the limiting hole, and the furnace cover rotates and opens. The materials move to the furnace body through the feeding frame, so that the materials enter the furnace body for melting treatment, and the feeding operation of the materials is convenient.

[0004] The existing technology has the following deficiencies: When the existing melting furnace melts rare earth aluminum alloy, during the melting process, it is impossible to conveniently add rare earth materials or other alloy elements into the melting furnace according to the production requirements of rare earth aluminum alloy bars. As a result, the ratio of raw materials in the melted aluminum alloy cannot meet the production requirements, which will affect the production quality of rare earth aluminum alloy bars. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a melting and casting process for rare earth aluminum alloy bars. Through the operation of the servo motor, the driving wheel rotates. Through the transmission between the driving wheel and the driven wheel, the rotating shaft can be driven to rotate, so that the mounting seat can drive the three storage hoppers to be connected to the feed pipe in sequence, and rare earth or other raw materials can be conveniently added to the melting furnace, enabling the melting furnace to melt rare earth aluminum alloy more stably, in order to solve the above deficiencies in the technology.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A melting and casting process for rare earth aluminum alloy bars, including the following steps:

[0007] S1. Raw material preparation: Prepare high-purity aluminum ingots, rare earth metals and alloying elements according to the formula requirements. The rare earth is added in the form of master alloy or directly, and it is necessary to avoid mixing with other metals;

[0008] S2. Furnace charging: First, use short waste aluminum materials to pad the bottom of the furnace to protect the furnace bottom, and then add aluminum ingots, rare earth master alloy and other alloying elements in turn. Long waste materials need to be pressed into the molten aluminum to reduce burning loss;

[0009] S3. Melting: Heat in an electric smelting furnace to above 800 °C. After the aluminum ingots are completely melted, add rare earth materials in batches. The temperature needs to be strictly controlled to avoid oxidation and burning loss of rare earth components. During the smelting process, stir several times to promote the uniform distribution of rare earth, and cover with flux to reduce oxidation;

[0010] S4. Composition adjustment: Add magnesium ingots or other alloying elements to the melt according to needs, and cover with flux at the same time. For high-magnesium alloys, to prevent magnesium burning loss, a small amount of beryllium can be added;

[0011] S5. Refining: After the composition adjustment is completed, refine the melt to remove impurities and gases, and improve the purity and quality of the metal. Refining can be carried out by methods such as stirring and vacuum treatment;

[0012] S6. Casting: Pour the refined melt into the mold for cooling and solidification to complete the casting process. Before casting, check the integrity of the casting platform and conduct a water test to ensure the normal operation of the mold;

[0013] S7. Post-treatment: Heat the cast bar in a homogenizing furnace to 500 - 550 °C and hold for a certain time to eliminate composition segregation and internal stress, improve the subsequent processing performance, remove defects such as burrs and oxide skins. If necessary, carry out shot blasting or mechanical grinding to ensure the surface finish. Through ultrasonic flaw detection or visual inspection, focus on detecting defects such as bubbles and slag inclusions, trace back to the process link for improvement. After the post-treatment is completed, the melting and casting of the rare earth aluminum alloy bar is completed.

[0014] Preferably, the smelting furnace in S3 includes a smelting furnace body, a fixing mechanism is arranged outside the smelting furnace body, and a feeding mechanism is arranged inside the fixing mechanism;

[0015] The feeding mechanism includes a rotating shaft, a driven wheel is fixedly installed at the top of the rotating shaft, a mounting seat is fixedly sleeved outside the rotating shaft, three storage hoppers are fixedly inserted into the inner wall of the mounting seat, and a movable baffle is rotatably installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the storage hopper.

[0016] Preferably, the smelting furnace body includes a furnace body, a cover plate is rotatably installed at the top of the furnace body, a feed pipe is fixedly installed on the inner wall of one end of the top of the cover plate, a limiting groove is formed at the position on the top of the cover plate and outside the feed pipe, the inner wall of the limiting groove is movably connected to the outer wall of the bottom of the storage hopper, and a magnetic attraction plate is fixedly installed on the inner wall of one end of the top of the feed pipe. The fixing mechanism includes a fixing frame fixedly sleeved on the outside of the furnace body.

[0017] Preferably, a movable groove is formed in the inner wall of one end of the fixing frame, a hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the end of the fixing frame away from the furnace body, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder penetrates through the inner wall of one end of the movable groove and is fixedly installed with a movable seat, and a mounting frame is fixedly installed at one end of the top of the movable seat. The top end of the movable seat and the inner wall of the top of the mounting frame are respectively rotatably connected to the top and bottom outer walls of the rotating shaft.

[0018] Preferably, a discharge pipe is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the bottom of one end of the furnace body, and an exhaust pipe is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the end of the cover plate away from the feed pipe.

[0019] Preferably, a servo motor is fixedly installed at one end of the top of the mounting frame, a driving wheel is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the servo motor, and the driving wheel is in transmission connection with the driven wheel.

[0020] Preferably, a connecting plate is fixedly installed on the inner wall of one end of the bottom of the storage hopper, and the connecting plate is magnetically connected to the magnetic attraction plate.

[0021] In the above technical solution, the technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. By the operation of the servo motor, the driving wheel rotates. Through the transmission between the driving wheel and the driven wheel, the rotating shaft can drive the mounting seat to rotate, and then the three storage hoppers can be driven to be connected to the feed pipe in turn. Through the connection between the magnetic attraction plate and the connecting plate, the connection between the storage hopper and the feed pipe is made more firm. Thus, the raw materials can be conveniently added into the smelting furnace body according to the raw material ratio required for the melting and casting of the rare earth aluminum alloy rod, which can ensure the quality of the rare earth aluminum alloy rod and improve the melting efficiency of the rare earth aluminum alloy rod at the same time;

[0023] 2. The rotation of the storage hopper can be limited by the limiting groove, so that it can be stably connected to the feed pipe. At the same time, when the hydraulic cylinder works, the movable seat can move along the inner wall of the movable groove, so that the feeding mechanism can move towards the end away from the smelting furnace body, which is convenient for the staff to open and close the cover plate. Description of the Drawings

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 This is the process flow chart of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is the three-dimensional structure diagram of the melting furnace.

[0027] Figure 3 This is the partial sectional structure diagram of the melting furnace.

[0028] Figure 4 This is Figure 3 the enlarged view of part A of

[0029] Figure 5 This is the exploded view of the melting furnace body.

[0030] Figure 6 This is the exploded view of the fixing mechanism and the feeding mechanism of the melting furnace.

[0031] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0032] 1. Melting furnace body; 101. Furnace body; 102. Discharge pipe; 103. Cover plate; 104. Exhaust pipe; 105. Limiting groove; 106. Feed pipe; 107. Magnetic attracting plate;

[0033] 2. Fixing mechanism; 201. Fixing frame; 202. Movable groove; 203. Hydraulic cylinder; 204. Movable seat; 205. Mounting frame;

[0034] 3. Feeding mechanism; 301. Rotating shaft; 302. Driven wheel; 303. Servo motor; 304. Driving wheel; 305. Mounting seat; 306. Storage hopper; 307. Movable baffle; 308. Connecting plate. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] The present invention provides a melting and casting process for rare earth aluminum alloy rods as Figure 1 shown, including the following steps:

[0036] S1. Raw material preparation: Prepare high-purity aluminum ingots, rare earth metals such as cerium and lanthanum, and alloying elements such as magnesium and silicon according to the formula requirements. The rare earths are added in the form of master alloys or directly, and it is necessary to avoid mixing with other metals;

[0037] S2. Furnace loading: First, use short waste aluminum materials to pad the bottom of the furnace for protection, and then add aluminum ingots, rare earth master alloys, and other alloying elements in sequence. The long waste materials need to be pressed into the aluminum liquid to reduce burning loss;

[0038] S3. Melting: Heat in a smelting furnace to above 800 °C. After the aluminum ingots are completely melted, add rare earth materials in batches. Strictly control the temperature to avoid oxidation and burning loss of rare earth components. Stir multiple times during the smelting process to promote the uniform distribution of rare earths, and cover with a flux to reduce oxidation;

[0039] S4. Composition adjustment: Add magnesium ingots or other alloying elements to the melt as needed, and at the same time cover with a flux. For high-magnesium alloys, to prevent magnesium burning loss, a small amount of beryllium can be added;

[0040] S5. Refining: After the composition adjustment is completed, refine the melt to remove impurities and gases, and improve the purity and quality of the metal. Refining can be carried out by methods such as stirring and vacuum treatment;

[0041] S6. Casting: Pour the refined melt into a mold for cooling and solidification to complete the casting process. Before casting, check the integrity of the casting platform and conduct a water test to ensure the normal operation of the mold;

[0042] S7. Post-treatment: Heat the cast rod in a homogenizing furnace to 500 - 550 °C and hold for a certain time to eliminate composition segregation and internal stress, improve the subsequent processing performance, remove defects such as burrs and oxide scales, and perform shot peening or mechanical grinding if necessary to ensure the surface finish. Through ultrasonic flaw detection or visual inspection, focus on detecting defects such as bubbles and slag inclusions, trace back to the process link for improvement. After completing the post-treatment, the melting and casting of the rare earth aluminum alloy rod are completed.

[0043] In order to conveniently add raw materials to the inside of the working smelting furnace, as Figures 2 - 4 and Figure 6 shown, the smelting furnace in S3 includes a smelting furnace body 1. A fixing mechanism 2 is arranged outside the smelting furnace body 1, and a feeding mechanism 3 is arranged inside the fixing mechanism 2;

[0044] The feeding mechanism 3 includes a rotating shaft 301. A driven wheel 302 is fixedly installed at the top of the rotating shaft 301. An installation seat 305 is fixedly sleeved outside the rotating shaft 301. Three storage hoppers 306 are fixedly inserted into the inner wall of the installation seat 305. A movable baffle 307 is rotatably installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the storage hopper 306. The rotation of the driven wheel 302 can drive the rotating shaft 301 to rotate, so that the installation seat 305 can rotate at equal angles, and then the three storage hoppers 306 can be rotated to the top of the smelting furnace body 1 in turn. Then, through the rotation of the movable baffle 307, the raw materials inside the storage hopper 306 can be conveniently added to the inside of the smelting furnace body 1.

[0045] In order to enable the storage hopper 306 to stably add materials to the inside of the smelting furnace body 1, as Figures 2 - 6As shown in the figure, the smelting furnace body 1 includes a furnace body 101. A cover plate 103 is rotatably installed at the top of the furnace body 101. One end of the inner wall of the top of the cover plate 103 is fixedly installed with a feed pipe 106. A limiting groove 105 is opened at the top of the cover plate 103 and at a position outside the feed pipe 106. The inner wall of the limiting groove 105 is movably connected to the outer wall of the bottom of the storage hopper 306. One end of the inner wall of the top of the feed pipe 106 is fixedly installed with a magnetic attraction plate 107. The fixing mechanism 2 includes a fixing frame 201 fixedly sleeved outside the furnace body 101. One end of the inner wall of the bottom of the storage hopper 306 is fixedly installed with a connecting plate 308. The connecting plate 308 is magnetically connected to the magnetic attraction plate 107. The limiting groove 105 can limit the rotation of the storage hopper 306. Through the connection between the connecting plate 308 and the magnetic attraction plate 107, the storage hopper 306 can be stably connected to the feed pipe 106. Furthermore, the materials inside the storage hopper 306 can be conveniently added into the furnace body 101 through the feed pipe 106. The furnace body 101 can be sealed through the cover plate 103.

[0046] In order to enable the cover plate 103 to be conveniently opened and closed, as Figure 3 and Figures 5 - 6 shown, a movable groove 202 is opened at one end of the inner wall of the fixing frame 201. One end of the outer wall of the fixing frame 201 away from the furnace body 101 is fixedly installed with a hydraulic cylinder 203. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 203 penetrates through one end of the inner wall of the movable groove 202 and is fixedly installed with a movable seat 204. One end of the top of the movable seat 204 is fixedly installed with a mounting frame 205. The top end of the movable seat 204 and the inner wall of the top of the mounting frame 205 are respectively rotatably connected to the top and bottom outer walls of the rotating shaft 301. When the hydraulic cylinder 203 works, the movable seat 204 can move along the inner wall of the movable groove 202. Furthermore, it can drive the mounting frame 205 to move towards one end away from the smelting furnace body 1. Furthermore, it can drive the feeding mechanism 3 to move towards one end away from the cover plate 103, which can prevent the storage hopper 306 from blocking the rotation of the cover plate 103 and enable the cover plate 103 to be stably opened and closed.

[0047] In order to enable the smelting furnace body 1 to work stably, as Figure 3 and Figure 5 shown, a discharge pipe 102 is fixedly installed at the bottom of one end of the outer wall of the furnace body 101. One end of the inner wall of the top of the cover plate 103 away from the feed pipe 106 is fixedly installed with an exhaust pipe 104. The molten aluminum liquid can be transported to the subsequent mold through the discharge pipe 102 for casting and forming. The waste gas generated during the raw material smelting process can be discharged from the inside of the furnace body 101 through the exhaust pipe 104.

[0048] In order to conveniently drive the three storage hoppers 306 to rotate at equal angles, as Figure 3 and Figure 6As shown, a servo motor 303 is fixedly installed at one end of the top of the mounting frame 205. The output shaft of the servo motor 303 is fixedly sleeved with a driving wheel 304. The driving wheel 304 is in transmission connection with the driven wheel 302. The mounting frame 205 can mount and fix the servo motor 303. When the servo motor 303 works, the driving wheel 304 rotates. There is a pin on the driving wheel 304 and corresponding notches on the driven wheel 302. When the driving wheel 304 rotates continuously, the pin will periodically enter the notches of the driven wheel 302, pushing the driven wheel 302 to rotate a certain angle and then disengaging from the notch, stopping the movement of the driven wheel 302, realizing the conversion from continuous movement to intermittent movement, and then driving the three storage hoppers 306 to rotate at equal angles, and then conveniently adding raw materials into the furnace body 101.

[0049] The specific implementation method is as follows: When melting the rare earth aluminum alloy rod, the melting furnace body 1 works to melt the aluminum ingots, rare earths and other alloys inside it. At the same time, the exhaust gas generated during the melting process can be discharged through the exhaust pipe 104. When the aluminum ingots are completely melted, the hydraulic cylinder 203 works to make the movable seat 204 move along the inner wall of the movable groove 202, and then make the feeding mechanism 3 move towards the furnace body 101. Then, through the work of the servo motor 303, the driving wheel 304 rotates. Through the cooperation between the pin on the surface of the driving wheel 304 and the notches on the inner wall of the driven wheel 302, the driven wheel 302 can be driven to rotate intermittently, and then the rotating shaft 301 can be driven to rotate, so that the mounting seat 305 can drive the three storage hoppers 306 to rotate intermittently, so that the storage hoppers 306 can rotate along the inner wall of the limiting groove 105. Then, the connecting plate 308 at the bottom of the storage hopper 306 can be magnetically connected to the magnetic attraction plate 107 at the top of the feed pipe 106, making the bottom of the storage hopper 306 closely connected to the feed pipe 106. Then, through the rotation of the movable baffle 307, the materials inside the storage hopper 306 can be conveniently added into the furnace body 101 through the feed pipe 106. Then, rare earths and other alloys can be conveniently added into the melting furnace body 1 in batches, and the raw materials can be conveniently added according to the raw material ratio of the rare earth aluminum alloy rod casting, which can ensure the quality of the rare earth aluminum alloy rod casting and improve the casting efficiency of the rare earth aluminum alloy rod. When the raw materials are completely melted, they can be discharged from the furnace body 101 through the discharge pipe 102. This specific implementation method specifically solves the problem in the prior art that the inability to conveniently add raw materials into the melting furnace will affect the casting quality and efficiency of the rare earth aluminum alloy rod.

[0050] Only some exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described by way of illustration. Without doubt, for those of ordinary skill in the art, the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and description are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A melting and casting process for a rare earth aluminum alloy rod, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Raw material preparation: Prepare high-purity aluminum ingots, rare earth metals and alloying elements according to the formula requirements; S2. Furnace loading: First, use short waste aluminum materials to pad and protect the bottom of the melting furnace, and then sequentially add aluminum ingots, rare earth master alloys and other alloying elements. Long waste materials need to be pressed into the molten aluminum to reduce burning loss; S3. Melting: Heat in the melting furnace to above 800 °C. After the aluminum ingots are completely melted, add rare earth materials in batches; S4. Composition adjustment: Add magnesium ingots to the melt as needed, and at the same time add a flux for covering; S5. Refining: After the composition adjustment is completed, refine the melt to remove impurities and gases, and improve the purity and quality of the metal; S6. Casting: Pour the refined melt into a mold for cooling and solidification to complete the casting process. Before casting, check the integrity of the casting platform and conduct a water test to ensure the normal operation of the mold; S7. Post-treatment: Heat the cast rod in a homogenizing furnace to 500 - 550 °C and keep it warm to eliminate compositional segregation and internal stress. After the post-treatment is completed, the melting and casting of the rare earth aluminum alloy rod is completed.

2. The melting and casting process of the rare earth aluminum alloy rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The melting furnace in S3 includes a melting furnace body (1). A fixing mechanism (2) is arranged on the outer side of the melting furnace body (1), and a feeding mechanism (3) is arranged on the inner side of the fixing mechanism (2); The feeding mechanism (3) includes a rotating shaft (301). A driven wheel (302) is fixedly installed at the top of the rotating shaft (301). A mounting seat (305) is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the rotating shaft (301). Three storage hoppers (306) are fixedly inserted into the inner wall of the mounting seat (305). A movable baffle (307) is rotatably installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the storage hopper (306).

3. The melting and casting process of the rare earth aluminum alloy rod according to claim 2, characterized in that: The melting furnace body (1) includes a furnace body (101). A cover plate (103) is rotatably installed at the top of the furnace body (101). A feeding pipe (106) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of one end of the top of the cover plate (103). A limiting groove (105) is opened at the top of the cover plate (103) and at a position outside the feeding pipe (106). The inner wall of the limiting groove (105) is movably connected to the bottom outer wall of the storage hopper (306). A magnetic attraction plate (107) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of one end of the top of the feeding pipe (106). The fixing mechanism (2) includes a fixing frame (201) fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the furnace body (101).

4. The casting process of the rare earth aluminum alloy rod according to claim 3, characterized in that: An activity groove (202) is opened on the inner wall of one end of the fixing frame (201). A hydraulic cylinder (203) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the end of the fixing frame (201) away from the furnace body (101). The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (203) penetrates through the inner wall of one end of the activity groove (202) and is fixedly installed with a movable seat (204). A mounting frame (205) is fixedly installed at one end of the top of the movable seat (204). The top of the movable seat (204) and the inner wall of the top of the mounting frame (205) are respectively rotatably connected to the top and bottom outer walls of the rotating shaft (301).

5. The casting process of the rare earth aluminum alloy rod according to claim 3, characterized in that: A discharge pipe (102) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the outer wall of one end of the furnace body (101). An exhaust pipe (104) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the end of the top of the cover plate (103) away from the feeding pipe (106).

6. The melting and casting process of the rare earth aluminum alloy rod according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the top of the mounting frame (205) is fixedly installed with a servo motor (303). The output shaft of the servo motor (303) is fixedly sleeved with a driving wheel (304), and the driving wheel (304) is in transmission connection with a driven wheel (302).

7. The casting process of the rare earth aluminum alloy rod according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the inner wall of the bottom of the storage hopper (306) is fixedly installed with a connecting plate (308), and the connecting plate (308) is magnetically connected to a magnetic attraction plate (107).

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