Track type ventilation and dust removal device based on tunnel face excavation

Abstract

The invention relates to a rail type ventilation and dust removal device based on tunnel face excavation, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel ventilation and dust removal tools. Comprising a left base and a right base which are symmetrical, the two bases are slidably arranged on the bottom face of a tunnel in the front-back direction, an arc-shaped guide rail is fixedly arranged between the two bases, the outer side of the arc-shaped guide rail is slidably sleeved with a driving box through a driving mechanism, an air pipe is slidably arranged at the bottom of the driving box through a sliding mechanism, and a fan is rotatably arranged in the air pipe; a first connecting pipe is fixedly arranged at the rear end of the air pipe, the first connecting pipe is connected with the corrugated pipe, a second connecting pipe is fixedly arranged at the front end of the air pipe, and a filter screen and a spraying mechanism are arranged on the second connecting pipe; the problems that an existing tunnel ventilation and dust removal device is poor in dust treatment effect, and an air pipe is inconvenient to adjust are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel ventilation and dust removal appliances, and particularly relates to an orbital ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel heading face excavation. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel excavation is carried out in a relatively enclosed space, and a large amount of dust will be generated during the construction process. Operations such as drilling, blasting, loading and unloading muck, vehicle transportation, concrete mixing and pouring, and shotcrete spraying will all generate dust. These dusts will not only reduce the visibility in the tunnel, affect the sight of construction workers, increase the difficulty and safety risks of construction operations, but also cause wear to construction equipment and shorten the service life of the equipment.

[0003] The existing tunnel ventilation and dust removal devices are generally simple forced ventilation. Although they can take the dust generated at the heading face and in the tunnel body out of the tunnel, the dust treatment effect on local areas in the tunnel is not good. Especially near the heading face, the dust concentration is still relatively high. Moreover, for different excavation depths, it is difficult for the existing devices to flexibly and conveniently adjust the position of the air duct. It is impossible to quickly extend the air duct deep into the excavation for dust removal, so that the dust in the deep part cannot be treated in time, resulting in the diffusion of dust in the tunnel and increasing the difficulty and cost of subsequent cleaning work. It is also impossible to effectively remove the dust on the fan, resulting in a decline in the fan performance and affecting the ventilation effect. Therefore, improvements need to be made according to the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provides an orbital ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel heading face excavation, which solves the problems of poor dust treatment effect and inconvenient air duct adjustment of the current tunnel ventilation and dust removal devices.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions.

[0006] An orbital ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel heading face excavation includes two symmetrically arranged bases on the left and right. The two bases are slidably arranged on the bottom surface of the tunnel along the front-rear direction. An arc-shaped guide rail is fixedly arranged between the two bases. A driving box is slidably sleeved outside the arc-shaped guide rail through a driving mechanism. An air duct is slidably arranged at the bottom of the driving box through a sliding mechanism. A fan is rotatably arranged inside the air duct. A first connecting pipe is fixedly arranged at the rear end of the air duct. The first connecting pipe is connected to a corrugated pipe. A second connecting pipe is fixedly arranged at the front end of the air duct. A filter screen and a spraying mechanism are arranged on the second connecting pipe.

[0007] Furthermore, two groups of left-right symmetric linear guide rails are arranged at the bottom surface inside the tunnel. The linear guide rails are arranged along the front-rear direction. The two bases are respectively slidably arranged on the two groups of linear guide rails.

[0008] Further, the arc-shaped guide rail is an arched rod-shaped structure located in the left-right vertical plane, and both ends of the arc-shaped guide rail are fixedly connected to the upper end surfaces of the two bases; a row of meshing teeth is fixedly arranged on the outer arc surface of the arc-shaped guide rail; two arc-shaped supporting rails are also fixedly arranged between the two bases, and the two arc-shaped supporting rails are respectively located on the front and rear sides of the arc-shaped guide rail; the arc-shaped supporting rail is an arched rod-shaped structure located in the left-right vertical plane, and both ends of the arc-shaped supporting rail are fixedly connected to the upper end surfaces of the two bases; a chute is arranged on the outer arc surface of the arc-shaped supporting rail.

[0009] Further, two driving boxes are slidably sleeved on the outer side of the arc-shaped guide rail, and the two driving boxes are simultaneously slidably sleeved on the outer sides of the two arc-shaped supporting rails; the driving boxes are in sliding contact with the inner arc surfaces of the arc-shaped guide rail and the arc-shaped supporting rails.

[0010] Further, the driving mechanism includes a first rotating shaft, a moving wheel, a second rotating shaft, a gear, a worm, a worm gear, and a first motor; two first rotating shafts are rotatably arranged inside the driving box, and a moving wheel is rotatably arranged at each end of the first rotating shaft, and the two moving wheels are respectively rollingly arranged inside the chutes of the two arc-shaped supporting rails; a second rotating shaft is also rotatably arranged inside the driving box, a gear and a worm gear are fixedly arranged on the first rotating shaft, and the gear meshes with a row of meshing teeth on the outer side of the arc-shaped guide rail; a first motor is fixedly arranged inside the driving box, and a worm is fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the first motor, and the worm meshes with the worm gear.

[0011] Further, the sliding mechanism includes a lead screw, a second motor, an L-shaped plate, a moving seat, and a connecting seat; an L-shaped plate is fixedly arranged at each of the left and right ends of the bottom of the driving box, a moving seat is slidably arranged between the two L-shaped plates, and the upper end surface of the moving seat is in sliding contact with the lower end surface of the driving box; an L-shaped groove is arranged on each of the left and right sides of the moving seat, and the two L-shaped plates are respectively in sliding fit with the L-shaped grooves on both sides of the moving seat. An installation seat is fixedly arranged at the rear end of the driving box, a second motor is fixedly arranged on the installation seat, a horizontally front-rear lead screw is fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the second motor, and the lead screw is screwed to the moving seat; a connecting seat is fixedly arranged on the lower end surface of the moving seat, and the air duct is fixedly arranged inside the connecting seat.

[0012] Further, the air duct is a cylindrical structure with open front and rear ends. A cross is fixedly arranged in the middle of the inner side of the air duct. The fan is rotatably arranged on the front side at the center of the cross. A third motor is fixedly arranged on the rear side at the center of the cross, and the output shaft of the third motor is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the fan. A housing is arranged outside the third motor, and the housing is fixedly arranged on the cross; a sewage discharge port is arranged on the bottom surface at the rear side inside the air duct, a vertical sewage discharge pipe is fixedly arranged below the sewage discharge port, and a solenoid valve is arranged on the sewage discharge pipe.

[0013] Further, the first connecting pipe is in a horn-shaped structure that is thick at the front and thin at the rear. The front end opening of the first connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the rear end opening of the air duct through a flange, and the rear end opening of the first connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the front end opening of the corrugated pipe through a flange.

[0014] Further, the second connecting pipe is in a cylindrical structure with both ends open. The rear end opening of the second connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the front end opening of the air duct through a flange; a circle of sliding grooves arranged in a circular array is provided on the inner wall of the second connecting pipe. The filter screen is fixedly arranged on the fixing ring, and the fixing ring is slidably arranged inside the second connecting pipe. A circle of sliding blocks arranged in a circular array is fixedly arranged on the outside of the fixing ring, and multiple sliding blocks are respectively slidably clamped inside multiple sliding grooves; a spring is respectively arranged inside each sliding groove, the spring is located behind the sliding block, and the front and rear ends of the spring are respectively fixedly connected to the sliding block and the rear inner wall of the sliding groove.

[0015] Furthermore, the spraying mechanism includes an atomizing nozzle, an annular pipe, a water supply pipe, and a water tank; a circle of mounting grooves arranged in a circular array is provided on the outer side surface of the second connecting pipe, and an atomizing nozzle is respectively fixedly arranged inside each mounting groove, and the spraying direction of the atomizing nozzle faces forward; an annular pipe is fixedly arranged outside the second connecting pipe, and the annular pipe is respectively connected to each atomizing nozzle through multiple water inlet pipes; the water tank is fixedly arranged on the base on the same side, a water pump is arranged inside the water tank, and the water outlet of the water pump is connected to the annular pipe through the water supply pipe.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: 1. The present invention is provided with two bases and linear guide rails, enabling the entire device to move linearly in the tunnel, greatly improving the mobility of the device in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and quickly deploying the device to different excavation positions; at the same time, the design of the arc-shaped supporting rail and the arc-shaped guide rail, in cooperation with the moving wheels and gears in the driving assembly, enables the driving box to move along the arc-shaped track on the arc-shaped supporting rail and the arc-shaped guide rail; this design not only facilitates the flexible movement of the driving box near the tunnel excavation face but also enables the ventilation and dust removal assembly to better adapt to the shape and excavation progress of the tunnel heading face, achieving precise coverage of different excavation areas of the tunnel heading face and ensuring that the ventilation and dust removal effect is not limited by the position.

[0017] 2. During the implementation of the ventilation and dust removal function of the present invention, by controlling the forward and reverse rotation of fans at different positions, the air suction and air outlet functions of the air duct can be achieved, thereby forming the flow of air, effectively realizing the ventilation and air exchange in the tunnel, discharging harmful gases and dust generated during the excavation process, and creating a good working environment for construction workers. At the same time, in the case of large dust, the spraying mechanism composed of atomizing nozzles, water tanks, water supply pipes, etc. plays a role. The water pump transports the water in the water tank to the atomizing nozzles, and the sprayed water mist combines with the dust, increasing the weight of the dust and causing it to settle, reducing the dust content in the air, further enhancing the dust removal effect, effectively reducing the risk of construction workers inhaling dust, and protecting their physical health.

[0018] 3. From the perspective of the structural design and control method of the device of the present invention, it has good controllability and stability. Due to the self-locking characteristic of the worm and worm gear in the driving component, after the first motor stops rotating, it can ensure that the driving box stays stably in the corresponding position, avoiding the sliding of the driving box due to accidental situations, and ensuring the safety and stability of the device operation. In addition, the threaded connection between the lead screw and the moving seat, and the guiding effect of the L-shaped plate on the moving seat make the movement of the moving seat accurately controllable, so that the position of the air duct can be accurately adjusted, ensuring the accuracy and effectiveness of the ventilation and dust removal work.

[0019] 4. In terms of maintenance and cleaning, the present invention has improved the self-cleaning system that the existing equipment does not have. After the tunnel excavation work is completed, through the sewage outlet and sewage pipe at the rear end of the bottom surface of the air duct and the cooperation of the solenoid valve, by controlling the air suction and air outlet of different air ducts and combining with the water mist sprayed by the atomizing nozzles, the inside of the air duct can be cleaned, and the sewage can be discharged through the sewage pipe. The combined design of the filter screen and the spring can automatically shake and clean the dust when the filter screen is blocked, reducing the frequency and workload of manual cleaning of the filter screen, improving the maintenance convenience of the device, reducing the maintenance cost, and extending the service life of the device.

[0020] In summary, the track-type ventilation and dust removal device based on the tunnel face excavation of the present invention performs excellently in terms of mobility, ventilation and dust removal effect, structural stability, and maintenance convenience, has high practical value and popularization significance, and can provide reliable guarantee for the ventilation and dust removal work in tunnel engineering construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 2 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 3 is the schematic diagram of the cooperation between the driving box and the arc-shaped guide rail; Figure 4 It is a schematic connection diagram between the drive box, the air duct, and the spraying mechanism; Figure 5 It is a schematic internal structure diagram of the drive box; Figure 6 It is a schematic connection diagram between the air duct, the sliding mechanism, and the spraying mechanism; Figure 7 It is Figure 6 A partial enlarged schematic diagram at position A in Figure 8 It is a schematic connection diagram between the air duct and the spraying mechanism; Figure 9 It is a schematic internal structure diagram of the air duct; Among them, 1 is the base, 2 is the linear guide rail, 3 is the arc-shaped supporting rail, 4 is the arc-shaped guide rail, 5 is the drive box, 6 is the first rotating shaft, 7 is the moving wheel, 8 is the second rotating shaft, 9 is the gear, 10 is the worm gear, 11 is the worm, 12 is the first motor, 13 is the lead screw, 14 is the second motor, 15 is the L-shaped plate, 16 is the moving seat, 17 is the connecting seat, 18 is the air duct, 19 is the cross, 20 is the fan, 21 is the third motor, 22 is the housing, 23 is the first connecting pipe, 24 is the corrugated pipe, 25 is the second connecting pipe, 26 is the spring, 27 is the filter screen, 28 is the atomizing nozzle, 29 is the annular pipe, 30 is the water supply pipe, 31 is the water tank, 32 is the sewage pipe, 33 is the solenoid valve. Specific implementation manners

[0022] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail in combination with the embodiments and the drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in combination with the embodiments and the drawings, but the protection scope is not limited by this.

[0023] As Figure 1 As shown in FIGS. 1-9, the present invention provides an orbital ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel face excavation, including two symmetrically arranged bases 1 on the left and right. The two bases 1 are slidably arranged on the tunnel bottom along the front-rear direction. An arc-shaped guide rail 4 is fixedly arranged between the two bases 1. A drive box 5 is slidably sleeved outside the arc-shaped guide rail 4 through a drive mechanism. An air duct 18 is slidably arranged at the bottom of the drive box 5 through a sliding mechanism. A fan 20 is rotatably arranged inside the air duct 18. A first connecting pipe 23 is fixedly arranged at the rear end of the air duct 18. The first connecting pipe 23 is connected to the corrugated pipe 24. A second connecting pipe 25 is fixedly arranged at the front end of the air duct 18. A filter screen 27 and a spraying mechanism are arranged on the second connecting pipe 25.

[0024] There are two sets of symmetrically arranged linear guide rails 2 at the inner bottom surface of the tunnel, and the linear guide rails 2 are arranged along the front-back direction. Two bases 1 are respectively slidably arranged on the two sets of linear guide rails 2. When the two bases 1 slide on the two sets of linear guide rails 2, the whole device moves back and forth inside the tunnel.

[0025] The arc guide rail 4 is an arched rod-shaped structure located in the left-right vertical plane. The two ends of the arc guide rail 4 are respectively fixedly connected to the upper end surfaces of the two bases 1. A row of meshing teeth is fixedly arranged on the outer arc surface of the arc guide rail 4. Two arc supporting rails 3 are also fixedly arranged between the two bases 1, and the two arc supporting rails 3 are respectively located on the front and back sides of the arc guide rail 4. The arc supporting rail 3 is an arched rod-shaped structure located in the left-right vertical plane, and the axis of the arc supporting rail 3 coincides with the axis of the arc guide rail 4. The two ends of the arc guide rail 4 are respectively fixedly connected to the upper end surfaces of the two bases 1. A chute is arranged on the outer arc surface of the arc supporting rail 3.

[0026] Both the arc guide rail 4 and the arc supporting rail 3 include two symmetrically arranged arc segments. One end of the two arc segments close to each other is respectively fixedly provided with a butt joint plate, and the two butt joint plates are fixedly connected by multiple groups of bolts and nuts. One end of the two arc segments far from each other is respectively fixedly provided with a horizontal mounting plate, and the mounting plate is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the base 1 by multiple bolts.

[0027] Two driving boxes 5 are slidably sleeved on the outer side of the arc guide rail 4, and the two driving boxes 5 are simultaneously slidably sleeved on the outer sides of the two arc supporting rails 3. The driving boxes 5 are in sliding contact with the inner arc surfaces of the arc guide rail 4 and the arc supporting rails 3.

[0028] The driving mechanism includes a first rotating shaft 6, a moving wheel 7, a second rotating shaft 8, a gear 9, a worm 11, a worm gear 10, and a first motor 12.

[0029] Two first rotating shafts 6 are rotatably arranged inside the driving box 5, and the first rotating shafts 6 are horizontally arranged along the front-back direction. A moving wheel 7 is rotatably arranged at each end of the first rotating shaft 6, and the two moving wheels 7 are respectively rollingly arranged inside the chutes of the two arc supporting rails 3. A second rotating shaft 8 is also rotatably arranged inside the driving box 5, and the second rotating shaft 8 is horizontally arranged along the front-back direction. A gear 9 and a worm gear 10 are fixedly arranged on the first rotating shaft 6, and the gear 9 meshes with a row of meshing teeth on the outer side of the arc guide rail 4. A first motor 12 is fixedly arranged inside the driving box 5, and a worm 11 is fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the first motor 12, and the worm 11 meshes with the worm gear 10.

[0030] The first motor 12 drives the worm 11 to rotate, the worm 11 drives the worm wheel 10 to rotate, the worm wheel 10 drives the second rotating shaft 8 to rotate, the second rotating shaft 8 drives the gear 9 to rotate, and the gear 9 meshes with a row of meshing teeth on the outer side of the arc-shaped guide rail 4, so that the gear 9 revolves around the axis of the arc-shaped guide rail 4. The gear 9 drives the drive box 5 to slide on the outer side of the arc-shaped guide rail 4 through the second rotating shaft 8. During the sliding process of the drive box 5, the moving wheels 7 at both ends of the first rotating shaft 6 roll inside the chutes on the two arc-shaped supporting rails 3, thereby assisting the drive box 5 to slide stably. Through the mutual cooperation of the worm wheel 10 and the worm 11, the second rotating shaft 8 will not rotate freely when the first motor 12 stops operating, so that the drive box 5 can stay at any position on the arc-shaped guide rail 4 without accidental movement.

[0031] The sliding mechanism includes a lead screw 13, a second motor 14, an L-shaped plate 15, a moving seat 16, and a connecting seat 17.

[0032] At the left and right ends of the bottom of the drive box 5, an L-shaped plate 15 is fixedly arranged respectively. A moving seat 16 is slidably arranged between the two L-shaped plates 15, and the upper end surface of the moving seat 16 is in sliding contact with the lower end surface of the drive box 5. An L-shaped groove is arranged on each of the left and right sides of the moving seat 16, and the two L-shaped plates 15 are respectively slidably matched with the L-shaped grooves on both sides of the moving seat 16, thereby realizing the stable sliding of the moving seat 16 between the two L-shaped plates 15.

[0033] An installation seat is fixedly arranged at the rear end of the drive box 5, a second motor 14 is fixedly arranged on the installation seat, a horizontally front and rear lead screw 13 is fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the second motor 14, and the lead screw 13 is screwed with the moving seat 16. A connecting seat 17 is fixedly arranged on the lower end surface of the moving seat 16, and the air duct 18 is fixedly arranged inside the connecting seat 17.

[0034] The second motor 14 drives the lead screw 13 to rotate. Since the lead screw 13 is screwed with the moving seat 16, the moving seat 16 slides along the horizontally front and rear direction. Through the cooperation of the moving seat 16 and the two L-shaped plates 15 on both sides, the stability of the moving seat 16 during sliding is ensured. The moving seat 16 drives the air duct 18 to slide along the front and rear direction through the connecting seat 17.

[0035] The air duct 18 is a cylindrical structure with open ends at both the front and the rear. In the middle of the inner side of the air duct 18, a cross 19 is fixedly arranged. The cross 19 is located in the vertical plane in the left-right direction. At the front side of the center of the cross 19, the fan 20 is rotatably arranged. At the rear side of the center of the cross 19, a third motor 21 is fixedly arranged. The output shaft of the third motor 21 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the fan 20. The third motor 21 drives the fan 20 to rotate inside the air duct 18. An outer shell 22 is arranged outside the third motor 21. The outer shell 22 is fixedly arranged on the cross 19 to protect the third motor 21 through the outer shell 22.

[0036] At the bottom surface of the rear side inside the air duct 18, a sewage outlet is arranged. A vertical sewage pipe 32 is fixedly arranged below the sewage outlet. An electromagnetic valve 33 is arranged on the sewage pipe 32 to control the opening or closing of the sewage pipe 32.

[0037] The first connecting pipe 23 is a horn-shaped structure that is thick at the front and thin at the rear. The front end opening of the first connecting pipe 23 is fixedly connected to the rear end opening of the air duct 18 through a flange. The rear end opening of the first connecting pipe 23 is fixedly connected to the front end opening of the corrugated pipe 24 through a flange.

[0038] The second connecting pipe 25 is a cylindrical structure with open ends at both the front and the rear. The rear end opening of the second connecting pipe 25 is fixedly connected to the front end opening of the air duct 18 through a flange. A circle of sliding grooves arranged in a circular array is arranged on the inner wall of the second connecting pipe 25. The sliding grooves extend along the axial direction of the second connecting pipe 25. The filter screen 27 is fixedly arranged on the fixing ring. The fixing ring is a circular ring structure. The fixing ring is slidably arranged inside the second connecting pipe 25. A circle of sliding blocks arranged in a circular array is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the fixing ring. A plurality of sliding blocks are respectively slidably clamped inside a plurality of sliding grooves. A spring 26 is arranged in each sliding groove. The spring 26 is arranged along the axial direction of the second connecting pipe 25. The spring 26 is located at the rear side of the sliding block. The front and rear ends of the spring 26 are respectively fixedly connected to the sliding block and the rear inner wall of the sliding groove.

[0039] The spraying mechanism includes an atomizing nozzle 28, an annular pipe 29, a water supply pipe 30, and a water tank 31. A circle of mounting grooves arranged in a circular array is arranged on the outer side surface of the second connecting pipe 25. An atomizing nozzle 28 is fixedly arranged in each mounting groove. The spraying direction of the atomizing nozzle 28 faces the front side. An annular pipe 29 is fixedly arranged outside the second connecting pipe 25. The annular pipe 29 is connected to each atomizing nozzle 28 through a plurality of water inlet pipes. The water tank 31 is fixedly arranged on the base 1 on the same side. A water pump is arranged inside the water tank 31. The water outlet of the water pump is connected to the annular pipe 29 through the water supply pipe 30.

[0040] The water pump guides the water flow inside the water tank 31 into the inside of the water supply pipe 30. The water flow inside the water supply pipe 30 enters the inside of the annular pipe 29. The water flow inside the annular pipe 29 enters each atomizing nozzle 28 through multiple water inlet pipes respectively, and thus sprays outwards through the atomizing nozzles 28.

[0041] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: Step 1: First, install the device at the excavation site inside the tunnel, and connect the corrugated pipe 24 at the rear end of the air duct 18 to the ventilation pipe outside. Then connect the wires of all electrical equipment and power them on. When starting to excavate the tunnel face, first excavate the tunnel face from top to bottom. Start the first motors 12 at both ends. The first motors 12 drive the worm gears 11 to rotate. The worm gears 11 drive the worm wheels 10 to rotate. The worm wheels 10 drive the second rotating shafts 8 to rotate. The second rotating shafts 8 drive the gears 9 to rotate. The gears 9 are engaged with a row of meshing teeth on the outer side of the arc-shaped guide rail 4, so that the gears 9 revolve around the axis of the arc-shaped guide rail 4. The gears 9 drive the drive box 5 to slide on the outer side of the arc-shaped guide rail 4 through the second rotating shafts 8. During the sliding process of the drive box 5, the moving wheels 7 at both ends of the first rotating shaft 6 roll inside the chutes on the two arc-shaped supporting rails 3, thereby assisting the drive box 5 to slide stably. The drive box 5 drives the air duct 18 to slide stably along the arc-shaped guide rail 4.

[0042] Step 2: When the drive box 5 moves to the excavation site inside the tunnel, start the second motor 14. The second motor 14 drives the lead screw 13 to rotate. Since the lead screw 13 is screwed to the moving seat 16, the moving seat 16 is driven to move in the front-rear direction. The moving seat 16 drives the air duct 18 to move in the front-rear direction through the connecting seat 17. When the air duct 18 moves towards the tunnel face, control the third motor 21 inside the air duct 18 close to the excavation site to rotate forward, and control the third motor 21 inside the air duct 18 far from the excavation site to rotate in the reverse direction, so that the fan 20 close to the excavation site rotates forward, and the fan 20 far from the excavation site rotates in the reverse direction. Furthermore, control the air duct 18 close to the excavation site to suck air, and the air duct 18 far from the excavation site to discharge air, thereby realizing ventilation and dust removal inside the tunnel.

[0043] Step 3: When there is a large amount of dust inside the tunnel during excavation, start the water pump. Through the water pump, the water flow inside the water tank 31 is guided into the water supply pipe 30. The water flow inside the water supply pipe 30 enters the annular pipe 29. The water flow inside the annular pipe 29 enters each atomizing nozzle 28 through multiple water inlet pipes respectively. The atomizing nozzle 28 converts the water flow into water mist and sprays it outwards, thus achieving effective dust reduction. The air inside the tunnel is sucked through the air duct 18, so that the dust with moisture is sucked into the air duct 18. Part of the dust will adhere to the filter screen 27, thus blocking the filter screen 27. When the filter screen 27 is blocked, the air intake volume will be less than the air suction volume of the fan 20, and the filter screen 27 will move towards the fan 20 side, thus squeezing the spring 26. When the fan 20 stops rotating, under the resilience of the spring 26, the filter screen 27 moves towards the side away from the fan 20, thus shaking off the dust on the filter screen 27.

[0044] Step 4: When the excavation work is completed and there is no dust generated inside the tunnel, self-cleaning of the air duct 18 is required. Control the second motors 14 inside the two air ducts 18 to rotate in one forward direction and one reverse direction, so as to control one air duct 18 to suck air and the other air duct 18 to discharge air. Then start the atomizing nozzle 28 and the solenoid valve 33 on the air duct 18 that is sucking air. Through the air duct 18 that is sucking air, the sprayed water mist is sucked into the air duct 18, and the air duct 18 is cleaned by the water mist. By opening the solenoid valve 33, the sewage discharge pipe 32 is opened, and then the cleaned sewage is discharged outwards through the sewage discharge pipe 32. After the cleaning is completed, control the second motors 14 inside the two air ducts 18 to adjust the rotation direction, and at the same time start the atomizing nozzle 28 and the solenoid valve 33 on the air duct 18 that is in the air suction state at this time, so as to also perform self-cleaning on the other air duct 18. Then cut off the power supply of all electrical equipment.

[0045] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, it is intended to embrace all changes within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claimed rights.

Claims

1. An orbital ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel face excavation, characterized in that: It includes two symmetrical bases (1) on the left and right. The two bases (1) are slidably arranged at the bottom surface of the tunnel in the front-back direction. An arc-shaped guide rail (4) is fixedly arranged between the two bases (1). A driving box (5) is slidably sleeved outside the arc-shaped guide rail (4) through a driving mechanism. An air duct (18) is slidably arranged at the bottom of the driving box (5) through a sliding mechanism. A fan (20) is rotatably arranged inside the air duct (18). A first connecting pipe (23) is fixedly arranged at the rear end of the air duct (18). The first connecting pipe (23) is connected to a corrugated pipe (24). A second connecting pipe (25) is fixedly arranged at the front end of the air duct (18). A filter screen (27) and a spraying mechanism are arranged on the second connecting pipe (25).

2. The track - type ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel heading face excavation according to claim 1, wherein: Two groups of left-right symmetrical linear guide rails (2) are arranged at the bottom surface inside the tunnel. The linear guide rails (2) are arranged in the front-back direction. The two bases (1) are respectively slidably arranged on the two groups of linear guide rails (2).

3. The track-type ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel face excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arc-shaped guide rail (4) is an arched rod-shaped structure located in the left-right vertical plane. The two ends of the arc-shaped guide rail (4) are fixedly connected to the upper end surfaces of the two bases (1) respectively. A row of meshing teeth is fixedly arranged on the outer arc surface of the arc-shaped guide rail (4). Two arc-shaped supporting rails (3) are also fixedly arranged between the two bases (1). The two arc-shaped supporting rails (3) are respectively located on the front and rear sides of the arc-shaped guide rail (4). The arc-shaped supporting rail (3) is an arched rod-shaped structure located in the left-right vertical plane. The two ends of the arc-shaped guide rail (4) are fixedly connected to the upper end surfaces of the two bases (1) respectively. A chute is arranged on the outer arc surface of the arc-shaped supporting rail (3).

4. The track - type ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel face excavation according to claim 3, wherein: Two driving boxes (5) are slidably sleeved outside the arc-shaped guide rail (4). The two driving boxes (5) are simultaneously slidably sleeved outside the two arc-shaped supporting rails (3). The driving box (5) is in sliding contact with the inner arc surfaces of the arc-shaped guide rail (4) and the arc-shaped supporting rail (3).

5. The rail-mounted ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel face excavation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The driving mechanism includes a first rotating shaft (6), a moving wheel (7), a second rotating shaft (8), a gear (9), a worm (11), a worm gear (10), and a first motor (12). Two first rotating shafts (6) are rotatably arranged inside the driving box (5). A moving wheel (7) is rotatably arranged at each end of the first rotating shaft (6). The two moving wheels (7) are respectively arranged to roll inside the chutes of the two arc-shaped supporting rails (3). A second rotating shaft (8) is also rotatably arranged inside the driving box (5). A gear (9) and a worm gear (10) are fixedly arranged on the first rotating shaft (6). The gear (9) meshes with a row of meshing teeth on the outside of the arc-shaped guide rail (4). A first motor (12) is fixedly arranged inside the driving box (5). A worm (11) is fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the first motor (12). The worm (11) meshes with the worm gear (10).

6. The rail - type ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel heading face excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding mechanism includes a lead screw (13), a second motor (14), an L-shaped plate (15), a moving seat (16), and a connecting seat (17); at the left and right ends of the bottom of the drive box (5), an L-shaped plate (15) is fixedly arranged respectively. A moving seat (16) is slidably arranged between the two L-shaped plates (15), and the upper end surface of the moving seat (16) is in sliding contact with the lower end surface of the drive box (5); an L-shaped groove is arranged on each of the left and right sides of the moving seat (16), and the two L-shaped plates (15) are respectively in sliding fit with the L-shaped grooves on both sides of the moving seat (16). An installation seat is fixedly arranged at the rear end of the drive box (5), and a second motor (14) is fixedly arranged on the installation seat. A horizontally front-rear lead screw (13) is fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the second motor (14), and the lead screw (13) is screwed with the moving seat (16); a connecting seat (17) is fixedly arranged on the lower end surface of the moving seat (16), and the air duct (18) is fixedly arranged inside the connecting seat (17).

7. The rail - type ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel face excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air duct (18) is a cylindrical structure with open front and rear ends. A cross (19) is fixedly arranged in the middle of the inner side of the air duct (18). The fan (20) is rotatably arranged at the front side of the center of the cross (19). A third motor (21) is fixedly arranged at the rear side of the center of the cross (19). The output shaft of the third motor (21) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the fan (20). A housing (22) is arranged outside the third motor (21), and the housing (22) is fixedly arranged on the cross (19); a sewage discharge port is arranged at the bottom surface of the rear side inside the air duct (18), and a vertical sewage discharge pipe (32) is fixedly arranged below the sewage discharge port. A solenoid valve (33) is arranged on the sewage discharge pipe (32).

8. The rail-mounted ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel face excavation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first connecting pipe (23) is a horn-shaped structure with a thick front and a thin rear. The front end opening of the first connecting pipe (23) is fixedly connected to the rear end opening of the air duct (18) through a flange, and the rear end opening of the first connecting pipe (23) is fixedly connected to the front end opening of the corrugated pipe (24) through a flange.

9. The rail - type ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel heading excavation according to claim 7, wherein: The second connecting pipe (25) is a cylindrical structure with open front and rear ends. The rear end opening of the second connecting pipe (25) is fixedly connected to the front end opening of the air duct (18) through a flange; a circle of sliding grooves arranged in a circular array is arranged on the inner wall of the second connecting pipe (25). The filter screen (27) is fixedly arranged on the fixing ring, and the fixing ring is slidably arranged inside the second connecting pipe (25). A circle of sliding blocks arranged in a circular array is fixedly arranged on the outside of the fixing ring, and multiple sliding blocks are respectively slidably clamped inside multiple sliding grooves; a spring (26) is arranged in each sliding groove, the spring (26) is located at the rear side of the sliding block, and the front and rear ends of the spring (26) are respectively fixedly connected to the sliding block and the rear inner wall of the sliding groove.

10. The track-type ventilation and dust removal device for tunnel heading face excavation according to claim 9, characterized in that: The spray mechanism includes an atomizing nozzle (28), an annular pipe (29), a water supply pipe (30), and a water tank (31); a circle of mounting grooves arranged in a circular array is provided on the outer side of the second connecting pipe (25), and an atomizing nozzle (28) is fixedly arranged in each mounting groove respectively, and the spraying direction of the atomizing nozzle (28) faces the front side; an annular pipe (29) is fixedly arranged outside the second connecting pipe (25), and the annular pipe (29) is connected to each atomizing nozzle (28) through a plurality of water inlet pipes respectively; the water tank (31) is fixedly arranged on the base (1) on the same side, a water pump is arranged inside the water tank (31), and the water outlet of the water pump is connected to the annular pipe (29) through the water supply pipe (30).

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