Tunnel buffering multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure, construction method and construction equipment

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of construction tunnel water prevention and drainage, and discloses a tunnel buffering multi-layer water prevention and drainage structure, a construction method and construction equipment, and the tunnel buffering multi-layer water prevention and drainage structure comprises a tunnel body, a trigger assembly and a filter cake scraping assembly; a plurality of drainage pipes are arranged on the outer side of the tunnel body at equal intervals, an outer filter plate is fixed to the outer side of the tunnel body, a plurality of supporting plates are arranged on the outer sides of the drainage pipes in a surrounding mode, two trigger assemblies are symmetrically arranged at the two ends of each supporting plate, and each trigger assembly comprises a first flow channel, a second flow channel and a piston. A second flow channel is fixed to the outer side of the sealing plate, the second flow channel penetrates through the sealing plate and forms a communication structure with the first flow channel, pistons are arranged on the inner side of the first flow channel and the inner side of the second flow channel in a sealing and sliding fit mode, and under the condition that an original ecological system is not damaged, the cleaning assembly is triggered to conduct periodic cleaning through different filter cake thicknesses. The cleaning frequency of the device can be changed along with the difference of moisture in soil, and energy conservation is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the field of waterproofing and drainage for construction tunnels, and particularly relates to a tunnel buffer multi-layer waterproofing and drainage structure, a construction method, and construction equipment. Background Art

[0002] When the immersed tunnel technology is applied to the construction of underground factories, the construction method of sinking and splicing precast pipe segments can effectively solve the problem of structural stability in complex geological or high water table environments. Such tunnels are formed by factory precasting concrete pipe segments, which are floated, sunk, and precisely docked to form an enclosed space, providing a large-span and high-load concealed structure for the underground factory. A waterproofing and drainage structure is provided at the upper end of the concrete pipe segment to prevent groundwater from seeping in and damaging the equipment, and a small amount of seepage water can be drained to the sump to ensure the dryness inside the factory and the durability of the structure.

[0003] At the same time, to improve the aesthetics around the tunnel and the ecological restoration of the tunnel perimeter, ecological plants will be planted above the tunnel. The plant roots fix the surface soil, reduce soil erosion caused by rainwater scouring, and prevent slope collapse.

[0004] However, for the tunnel buffer multi-layer waterproofing and drainage structure and construction method with the application number CN102852530A, a multi-layer support and waterproof layer are laid above the tunnel to prevent groundwater seepage. However, the waterproofing and drainage structure and the tunnel are buried inside the soil. When the moisture in the soil is relatively high, the silt is likely to block the filter holes. At this time, it is inconvenient to clean the blocked silt. Moreover, when the waterproof materials such as the waterproof layer soften during maintenance or repair, it is inconvenient to replace them, and when replacing, the ecological plants above need to be damaged, which is not environmentally friendly. And the rhizomes of the ecological plants grow downward and are likely to damage the waterproof materials without interference. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a tunnel buffer multi-layer waterproofing and drainage structure, a construction method, and construction equipment, which solve the problems in the prior art that due to the planting of ecological plants above the tunnel, it is inconvenient to clean the filter cake on the external waterproofing and drainage structure of the tunnel, and the energy waste caused by periodic cleaning by the motor in the case of less moisture in the soil.

[0006] The purpose of the present disclosure can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A tunnel buffer multi-layer waterproofing and drainage structure includes: a tunnel body, a trigger assembly, and a filter cake scraping assembly;

[0008] A plurality of drain pipes are equidistantly arranged on the outer side of the tunnel body. An outer filter plate is fixed on the outer side of the tunnel body. A plurality of support plates are arranged around the outer side of the drain pipe. At least one elastic piece is fixed on the side of the support plate close to the tunnel body, and push plugs are fixed at both ends of the support plate.

[0009] Two sets of trigger components are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the support plate. The trigger component includes a first flow channel, a second flow channel and a piston. The first flow channel is in sealed sliding fit with the outer side of the propulsion plug. Sealing plates are fixed at the edges of both ends of the tunnel body. The second flow channel is fixed to the outer side of the sealing plate. The second flow channel penetrates through the sealing plate and forms a communicating structure with the first flow channel. The piston is in sealed sliding fit with the inner sides of the first flow channel and the second flow channel;

[0010] Arc-shaped frame groups are fixed at one ends of the two sealing plates close to the support plate. A scraping plate is fixed between the two arc-shaped frame groups. The moving path of the scraping plate is the same as that of the arc-shaped frame group. Silt flow channels are fixed on both sides of the tunnel body.

[0011] In some disclosures, a number of filter holes are provided through the inner side of the outer filter plate. The positions of the filter holes do not overlap with the positions of the drain pipes in the vertical projection. A water guide pipe is fixed at the lower end of the drain pipe. A filter screen is provided at the connection between the water guide pipe and the drain pipe; The silt flow channel is located between the water guide pipe and the outer filter plate.

[0012] In some disclosures, the filter cake scraping component includes a scraping plate, a saw blade, a connecting piece and an arc-shaped frame group. A saw blade is fixed on one side of the scraping plate close to the vertical central plane of the tunnel body. Connecting pieces are respectively fixed at both ends of the scraping plate. The end of the connecting piece away from the scraping plate is fixedly connected with the arc-shaped frame group.

[0013] In some disclosures, the arc-shaped frame group includes a support pipe, a hollow rod and an arc-shaped rod. A support pipe is fixed on one side of the sealing plate close to the support plate. The hollow rod is in sealed sliding fit with the inner side of the support pipe. The arc-shaped rod is in sealed sliding fit with the inner side of the hollow rod. The end of the arc-shaped rod is connected with the scraping plate through a connecting piece. The moving path of the scraping plate is the same as the moving path of the end of the arc-shaped rod.

[0014] In some disclosures, a plurality of sliders are fixed at the upper end of the scraping plate. Guide rails adapted to the sliders are fixed on the inner wall of the outer filter plate. The moving path of the slider is the same as the moving path of the guide rail. A telescopic sleeve is fixed between the scraping plate and the slider.

[0015] In some disclosures, limiting protrusions are fixed on the inner wall of the support pipe and inside the hollow rod. The limiting protrusion starts from one end close to the vertical center line of the support pipe and ends at the other end. The protrusion height of the starting end of the limiting protrusion is greater than the protrusion height of the ending end.

[0016] In some disclosures, the elastic component includes a support frame, a support spring, and a sealing sleeve. A support frame is fixed directly above the silt flow channel, and the support frame includes two parallel connecting rods. A plurality of support springs are fixed between the two connecting rods, and the plurality of support springs are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the support frame. A sealing sleeve is wrapped around the outside of the support spring.

[0017] In some disclosures, a lifting frame is provided at the lower end of the filter screen, and a connecting rod is fixed between the filter screen and the elastic component.

[0018] A construction device for a tunnel buffer multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure includes a crane. Before the tunnel body is placed in the pit, the crane is used to hoist and construct the multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure and place the waterproof and drainage structure on the upper end surface of the tunnel body.

[0019] A construction method for a tunnel buffer multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure includes the following steps:

[0020] S1. The tunnel body is a precast and cast-integral structure. The multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure is installed on the upper end surface of the tunnel body by a crane, and the elastic sheet is fixed to the outer end surface of the tunnel body by bolts. Then, a pit is created at the tunnel embedding point, and the bottom of the pit is reinforced to form a foundation.

[0021] S2. Then, the tunnel body is transported above the pit, and the tunnel body is fixed to the foundation. At this time, the multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure is fixed at the upper end of the tunnel body, and backfilling of the foundation trench is carried out on the outside of the tunnel body. When backfilling, coarse sand is buried first, and then fine sand is buried on the upper end of the coarse sand.

[0022] S3. Larger soil blocks are blocked outside by the outer filter plate for the first layer of filtration. When the soil is mixed with water to form silt, the silt passes through the outer filter plate and is blocked outside by a plurality of support plates for the second layer of filtration.

[0023] S4. The water in the silt is filtered out and flows into the drain pipe through the gaps between the support plates. The remaining silt forms a filter cake on the support plates. As the filter cake thickens, the pressure exerted by the filter cake on the plurality of support plates increases, pressing the support plates downward and triggering the trigger component.

[0024] S5. The damping liquid in the trigger component enters the support pipe, pushing the arc-shaped rod and the scraper to move along the guide rail towards the side close to the silt flow channel, thereby cleaning the filter cake on the outer wall of the support plate into the silt flow channels on both sides of the tunnel body and collecting the filter cake.

[0025] When the scraping plate moves to the lowest end of the guide rail, it presses the supporting springs on both sides to deform, and drives the scraping plate to slide upward along the guide rail by the elastic force of the supporting springs restoring, and makes the arc-shaped rod and the hollow rod insert into the supporting pipe again for reset. During the sliding process of the scraping plate, the force released by the elastic component drives the saw blade to slide upward in the direction of the vertical angle, so as to cut the roots of the plants passing through the outer filter plate, so as to prevent the plant roots from growing excessively and damaging a tunnel buffer multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure of the present application.

[0026] The explanations of the nouns, conjunctions or adjectives involved in the above technical solutions are as follows:

[0027] Fixed connection means that after the parts or components are fixed, there is no relative movement connection;

[0028] Rotational connection means that the connection between parts allows the parts to rotate relative to each other;

[0029] Threaded connection is a detachable fixed connection, which has the advantages of simple structure, reliable connection, convenient assembly and disassembly, etc., and is widely used in the fields of mechanical engineering and connection structures;

[0030] Sliding connection means that the connection between parts allows the parts to slide relative to each other.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present disclosure:

[0032] 1. The sludge blocks the filter holes for a long time and forms a filter cake. At this time, the pressure exerted by the filter cake on the baffle is greater than that of the sludge, which triggers the cleaning component and cleans the sludge on the surface of the waterproof and drainage structure. Without destroying the original ecosystem, the cleaning component is triggered for periodic cleaning by the different thicknesses of the filter cake. Compared with the traditional motor drive, it can change the cleaning frequency of the device according to the different moisture in the soil, which is beneficial to energy conservation.

[0033] 2. At the same time, after the filter cake enters the filter cake flow channels on both sides, it is discharged outward. The filter cake scraping component impacts the elastic component under the influence of the acceleration of gravity, deforming the elastic component. The restoring force after the elastic component restores drives the saw blade to reset, and uses the impact force during reset to cut the plant roots passing through the filter holes. The cut plant roots fall on the support plate and are cleaned to the outside together with the filter cake during the next cleaning of the saw blade, avoiding the roots from rotting in the drain pipe. Description of the Drawings

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hidden outer filter plate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the support plate and the tunnel body according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 4 It is a top view schematic diagram of the sealing plate and the trigger assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0039] Figure 5 It is according to an embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the A-A cross-section in;

[0040] Figure 6 It is according to an embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the B-B cross-section in;

[0041] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the filter cake scraping assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the arc-shaped frame group according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the support pipe according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the filter net according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the outer filter plate and the water guide pipe according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0046] In the figure: 1. Tunnel body; 2. Drain pipe; 21. Water guide pipe; 22. Filter net; 3. Outer filter plate; 30. Filter hole; 31. Guide rail; 4. Support plate; 41. Elastic sheet; 42. Pushing plug; 5. Sealing plate; 6. Trigger assembly; 61. First flow channel; 62. Second flow channel; 63. Piston; 7. Filter cake scraping assembly; 71. Scraper; 72. Saw blade; 73. Connecting piece; 74. Arc-shaped frame group; 701. Limit protrusion; 711. Slide block; 712. Telescopic sleeve; 741. Support pipe; 742. Hollow rod; 743. Arc rod; 8. Silt flow channel; 9. Elastic component; 91. Support frame; 92. Support spring; 93. Sealing sleeve; 10. Connecting rod; 11. Lifting frame. Detailed implementation manners

[0047] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0048] Please refer to Figures 1 to 11 , a tunnel buffer multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure, comprising: a tunnel body 1, a trigger assembly 6, and a filter cake scraping assembly 7;

[0049] A plurality of drain pipes 2 are equidistantly arranged on the outer side of the tunnel body 1. An outer filter plate 3 is fixed on the outer side of the tunnel body 1. A plurality of support plates 4 are arranged around the outer side of the drain pipe 2. At least one elastic piece 41 is fixed on the side of the support plate 4 close to the tunnel body 1, and push plugs 42 are fixed at both ends of the support plate 4;

[0050] Two groups of trigger assemblies 6 are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the support plate 4. The trigger assembly 6 includes a first flow channel 61, a second flow channel 62, and a piston 63. The push plug 42 is in sealed sliding fit with the first flow channel 61 on the outer side. Sealing plates 5 are fixed at the edges of both ends of the tunnel body 1. A second flow channel 62 is fixed on the outer side of the sealing plate 5. The second flow channel 62 penetrates through the sealing plate 5 and forms a communication structure with the first flow channel 61. A piston 63 is in sealed sliding fit with the inner sides of the first flow channel 61 and the second flow channel 62;

[0051] Arc-shaped frame groups 74 are fixed at one ends of the two sealing plates 5 close to the support plate 4. A scraping plate 71 is fixed between the two arc-shaped frame groups 74. The moving path of the scraping plate 71 is the same as the moving path of the arc-shaped frame groups 74. Silt flow channels 8 are fixed on both sides of the tunnel body 1.

[0052] During use, the tunnel body 1 is a prefabricated and cast integral structure. Then, the silt and soil above the tunnel installation point are dug out to form a pit, and a foundation is formed by pouring concrete at the bottom. Then, the tunnel body 1 is fixed to the foundation. At this time, the drain pipes 2, a plurality of support plates 4, the filter cake scraping assembly 7, and the outer filter plate 3 are sequentially fixed on the outer side of the tunnel body 1 at the upper end of the tunnel body 1. Then, backfill the foundation trenches on both sides and the top of the tunnel body 1, lay the original ecological soil in the uppermost layer, and plant ecological plants above to restore the ecological environment;

[0053] When the large stones at the upper end of the tunnel body 1 pass through the backfill, they will first be resisted by the outer filter plate 3. When the water content in the soil above the tunnel body 1 is relatively high, the soil and water will mix to form silt. The silt passes through the outer filter plate 3 and accumulates above the multiple support plates 4. The water with stronger fluidity in the silt will flow downward along the gaps between the adjacent support plates 4 until it moves into the drain pipe 2. At this time, since the outer end face of the tunnel body 1 is arc-shaped, and the drain pipe 2 opened on the outer end face of the tunnel body 1 is also arc-shaped, the water will flow downward along the drain pipe 2 under the influence of gravity. As time goes by, the water in the silt on the support plate 4 is discharged outward, and the silt remaining on the upper end of the support plate 4 forms a filter cake. The filter cake blocks the pores between the adjacent support plates 4, weakening the water outflow rate, thereby increasing the pressure on the support plate 4, driving the support plate 4 to move toward the side close to the tunnel body 1 and compressing the elastic sheet 41. During the movement of the support plate 4, the gap between the adjacent support plates 4 decreases, further restricting the silt from entering the drain pipe 2 and reducing the blockage of the drain pipe 2. At the same time, when the elastic sheet 41 is compressed to the limit state, the two side edges of the support plate 4 are in contact with the side faces of the adjacent support plates 4. At this time, neither water nor silt can easily enter the drain pipe 2. At the same time, during the process of the support plates 4 approaching each other, the amount of water entering the drain pipe 2 decreases, and the part where water does not enter can be mixed with the filter cake on the outer wall of the support plate 4, slightly increasing the water content of the filter cake. At the same time, during the movement of the support plate 4, it drives the push plug 42 to slide along the trigger assembly 6, and uses the damping liquid inside the trigger assembly 6 to drive the scraper 71 to slide along the upper end face of the support plate 4 to both sides. During the sliding process, the filter cake on the surface of the support plate 4 is cleaned by using friction. At the same time, when the filter cake moves, the gravity received by the filter cake can be decomposed into two component forces, one perpendicular to the arch surface and the other along the tangent direction of the arch surface. As the angle between the force along the tangent direction and the vertical plane gradually decreases, the component force along the tangent direction gradually increases. Therefore, the acceleration of the filter cake and the scraper 71 will also gradually increase, thereby reducing the thrust required by the trigger assembly 6 for the scraper 71 during the movement. At the same time, when the scraper 71 moves to the horizontal plane coinciding with the central axis of the tunnel body 1, the filter cake passes through the elastic assembly 9 and falls into the silt flow channel 8, thereby cleaning the filter cake formed by the long-term accumulation of silt and maintaining the surface of the drain pipe 2, reducing the blockage of the drain pipe 2, and without destroying the original ecosystem, using the different thicknesses of the filter cake to trigger the trigger assembly 6 to make the scraper 71 perform periodic cleaning. In some embodiments, the scraper 71 is driven to perform periodic cleaning by a motor and a reciprocating structure. However, in the soil with high water content, it is difficult to maintain the motor, and in relatively dry situations such as summer or winter, the soil moisture is less. At this time, performing periodic cleaning is likely to cause waste of ineffective cleaning energy. And this trigger assembly 6 can change the cleaning frequency of the scraper 71 according to the different water content in the soil, which is beneficial to saving energy.

[0054] Please refer toFigures 1 to 2 , a plurality of filter holes 30 are penetratingly arranged inside the outer filter plate 3, and the positions of the filter holes 30 do not overlap with the position of the drain pipe 2 in the vertical projection. So that the silt passing through the outer filter plate 3 will not directly enter the drain pipe 2, but will fall on the support plate 4, thereby reducing the amount of silt entering the drain pipe 2 and reducing the blockage situation.

[0055] A water guide pipe 21 is fixed at the lower end of the drain pipe 2, and a filter screen 22 is arranged at the connection between the water guide pipe 21 and the drain pipe 2; the silt flow channel 8 is located between the water guide pipe 21 and the outer filter plate 3.

[0056] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 10 , the filter screen 22 is used for the third filtration, and the filter cake debris during the filter cake process is blocked outside the water guide pipe 21, reducing the blockage situation of the water guide pipe 21. At the same time, the silt flow channel 8 is located outside the water guide pipe 21 and is designed to be horizontally semi-open. Compared with the vertical setting of the water guide pipe 21, by expanding the cross-sectional area of the flow channel, the passing efficiency of high-concentration silt is improved, and at the same time, the blockage situation of the silt flow channel 8 is reduced, and the silt and water are separated and collected.

[0057] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 7 , the filter cake scraping assembly 7 includes a scraping plate 71, a saw blade 72, a connecting piece 73 and an arc-shaped frame group 74. A saw blade 72 is fixed on one side of the scraping plate 71 close to the vertical center plane of the tunnel body 1, and connecting pieces 73 are respectively fixed at both ends of the scraping plate 71, and one end of the connecting piece 73 away from the scraping plate 71 is fixedly connected with the arc-shaped frame group 74. When in use, the saw blade 72 and the scraping plate 71 are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees. When the scraping plate 71 is driven by the elastic restoring force of the elastic component 9 to move upward, the cutting surface of the saw blade 72 is aligned with the position of the filter holes 30 of the outer filter plate 3. The cutting resistance is reduced by the shear component force generated by the inclined plane contact, and the cut plant roots fall on the support plate 4, and the cut roots and the filter cake are cleaned to the outside together during the next cleaning of the filter cake scraping assembly 7, avoiding the roots from rotting in the drain pipe 2, and all the cutting agents and the actions of cleaning the filter cake are carried out below the outer filter plate 3, thereby reducing the impact on the ecological plants above.

[0058] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 7, the arc-shaped frame group 74 includes a support pipe 741, a hollow rod 742, and an arc rod 743. On the side of the sealing plate 5 close to the support plate 4, a support pipe 741 is fixed. The inner side of the support pipe 741 is in sealed sliding fit with a hollow rod 742, and the inner side of the hollow rod 742 is in sealed sliding fit with an arc rod 743. The end of the arc rod 743 is connected to the scraper 71 through a connecting piece 73. The moving path of the scraper 71 is the same as the moving path of the end of the arc rod 743.

[0059] A plurality of sliders 711 are fixed to the upper end of the scraper 71. Guide rails 31 adapted to the sliders 711 are fixed to the inner wall of the outer filter plate 3. The moving path of the sliders 711 is the same as the moving path of the guide rails 31. At the same time, a telescopic sleeve 712 is fixed between the scraper 71 and the sliders 711. Through the sliding fit of the guide rails 31 and the sliders 711, the moving path of the scraper 71 is the same as the path of the guide rails 31. By the guide rails 31, the moving path of the scraper 71 is further restricted to improve the sliding stability of the scraper 71. At the same time, a telescopic sleeve 712 is fixed between the scraper 71 and the sliders 711. The lower end of the telescopic sleeve 712 is fixedly connected to the scraper 71. When the support plate 4 moves downward, the distance between the support plate 4 and the outer filter plate 3 increases. By providing a telescopic sleeve 712 between the scraper 71 and the outer filter plate 3 to make up for the height difference of the descent of the support plate 4, the scraper 71 can still contact the support plate 4 after the support plate 4 descends, which is beneficial to increasing the thickness of the scraped filter cake.

[0060] During use, the two ends of the connecting piece 73 are respectively connected to the end of the arc rod 743 and one end of the scraper 71. When the support plate 4 moves toward the side close to the tunnel body 1, it drives the push plug 42 to slide downward, thereby pushing the piston 63 and the damping liquid to move from the first flow channel 61 to the second flow channel 62. At the same time, it drives a plurality of pistons 63 in the second flow channel 62 to move upward and pushes the damping liquid into the support pipe 741. Then it drives the arc rod 743 and the hollow rod 742 to rotate around the central axis coinciding with the center of the arc rod 743. The arc rod 743 is pushed out from the inside of the hollow rod 742, and further applies a force to the scraper 71 to slide toward both sides.

[0061] Please refer to Figures 7 to 9, a limiting protrusion 701 is fixed inside the inner wall of the support tube 741 and inside the hollow rod 742. One end of the limiting protrusion 701 close to the vertical center line of the support tube 741 is the starting end, and the other end of the limiting protrusion 701 is the terminal end. The protrusion height of the starting end of the limiting protrusion 701 is greater than that of the terminal end. When the hollow rod 742 and the arc rod 743 are both retracted into the support tube 741, the damping liquid just fills the hollow rod 742 at this time. When the support plate 4 moves downward, it pushes the damping liquid in the first flow channel 61 and the second flow channel 62 into the flow channel in the support tube 741, and then pushes the arc rod 743 and the hollow rod 742 to move to both sides. And during the movement, the friction force between the hollow rod 742, the arc rod 743 and the limiting protrusion 701 gradually weakens, thereby reducing the energy consumption for pushing the arc rod 743 to slide, so that only gravity can drive the scraper 71 to move downward subsequently. At the same time, when the elastic component 9 drives the scraper 71 to move upward, the arc rod 743 and the hollow rod 742 gradually insert into the support tube 741. At this time, the distance between the outer wall of the hollow rod 742 and the support tube 741 decreases as the protrusion height of the limiting protrusion 701 increases, thereby increasing the friction force between the support tube 741 and the limiting protrusion 701, so as to effectively suppress the vibration offset during the rebound of the elastic component 9.

[0062] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the elastic component 9 includes a support frame 91, a support spring 92 and a sealing sleeve 93. A support frame 91 is fixed directly above the sludge flow channel 8, and the support frame 91 includes two parallel connecting rods. A plurality of support springs 92 are fixed between the two connecting rods, and the plurality of support springs 92 are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the support frame 91. The outside of the support spring 92 is wrapped with a sealing sleeve 93.

[0063] During use, the support springs 92 are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the sealing sleeve 93, and the end of the guide rail 31 is located at the lower end of the support spring 92, so that the scraper 71 will have a rigid collision with the elastic component 9 before moving to the end of the guide rail 31. And by arranging the support springs 92 at both ends of the support frame 91, the middle of the support frame 91 is kept hollow, so as to facilitate the sludge to pass through the support frame 91 and enter the sludge flow channel 8. And the material of the sealing sleeve 93 outside the support spring 92 is nylon material. Because it has good deformation ability, it can deform together with the support spring 92 when the support spring 92 deforms, which is beneficial to.

[0064] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 10 , a lifting frame 11 is arranged at the lower end of the filter screen 22, and a connecting rod 10 is fixed between the filter screen 22 and the elastic component 9.

[0065] During use, when the scraper 71 slides along the guide rail 31 to the end of the guide rail 31, due to the influence of gravitational acceleration, the scraper 71 will pass through the two connecting rods and have a rigid impact with the support spring 92 between the connecting rods. As a result, the middle part of the support spring 92 is compressed downward and deformed and elongated. At the same time, before the scraper 71 collides with the elastic component 9, the filter cake scraped off by the scraper 71 will pass through between the two sealing sleeves 93 and enter the silt channel 8. At the same time, a small part of the filter cake will remain on the upper end of the sealing sleeve 93 and above the filter net 22. At this time, after the scraper 71 has a rigid collision with the support spring 92, when the force for the scraper 71 to slide downward disappears, the elastic restoring force of the support spring 92 drives the scraper 71 to move upward and reset the scraper 71. During the restoration process of the support spring 92, the support spring 92 deforms repeatedly and vibrates, thereby shaking off the residual filter cake on the sealing sleeve 93.

[0066] At the same time, during the shaking process of the support spring 92, it will drive the connecting rod 10 and the filter net 22 to slide up and down along the lifting frame 11, thereby cleaning the filter cake residue above the filter net 22 together, so as to facilitate the separate collection of the filter cake residue and water, enabling the staff to backfill the silt residue into the upper ecological environment later to prevent the upper end of the tunnel body 1 from collapsing.

[0067] The construction equipment for the multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure includes a crane. Before the tunnel body 1 is placed into the pit, the crane is used to hoist and construct the multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure and place the waterproof and drainage structure on the upper end face of the tunnel body 1. It is used to place the waterproof and drainage structure on the upper end of the tunnel body 1, and then the workers carry out further fixing work.

[0068] The following further describes a tunnel buffer multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure, construction method, and construction equipment provided by the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0069] S1. The tunnel body 1 is a precast and cast-integrated structure. Then, the silt and soil above the tunnel installation point are dug out to form a pit. Then, processes such as steel bar binding, formwork installation, and concrete pouring are carried out at the bottom of the pit to reinforce and form a foundation.

[0070] S2. The tunnel body 1 is transported above the pit, and then the tunnel body 1 is fixed to the foundation. At this time, the drain pipe 2, multiple support plates 4, the filter cake scraping assembly 7, and the outer filter plate 3 are sequentially fixed on the outside of the tunnel body 1 at the upper end of the tunnel body 1. Then, backfilling of the foundation trenches is carried out on both sides and the top of the tunnel body 1. When backfilling, coarse sand is buried first and then fine sand is buried on the upper end of the coarse sand.

[0071] S3. The larger soil blocks are blocked outside by the outer filter plate 3. When the soil is mixed with water to form silt, the silt is blocked on the outside by the multiple support plates 4 to form a second layer of filtration.

[0072] S4. As the water in the sludge is filtered out, a filter cake is formed on the support plate 4. At this time, the force of the filter cake pressing on the multiple support plates 4 is greater than that of the sludge, and the support plate 4 is pressed to move downward, and cooperates with the trigger assembly 6 to drive the arc rod 743 and the scraper 71 to move to both sides;

[0073] S5. While the scraper 71 moves to both sides, it pushes the damping liquid in the first flow channel 61 and the second flow channel 62 into the inner flow channel of the support pipe 741, and then pushes the arc rod 743 and the hollow rod 742 to move to both sides, so as to clean the filter cake on the outer wall of the support plate 4 into the sludge flow channels 8 on both sides of the tunnel body 1 and collect the filter cake;

[0074] S6. After the scraper 71 moves to the lowest end of the guide rail 31, it presses the support springs 92 on both sides to deform; and uses the elastic force of the restoration of the support springs 92 to drive the scraper 71 to slide upward along the guide rail 31 and make the arc rod 743 and the hollow rod 742 insert into the support pipe 741 again for resetting. During the sliding process of the scraper 71, the force released by the elastic component 9 is used to drive the saw blade 72 to slide upward at an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical line, so as to cut the roots and stems of the plants entering through the outer filter plate 3, so as to prevent the overgrowth of the plant roots from damaging a tunnel buffer multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure of the present application.

[0075] In the description of this specification, the descriptions referring to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0076] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art of this industry should understand that the present disclosure is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and the descriptions in the specification only illustrate the principles of the present disclosure. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, the present disclosure will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present disclosure claimed.

Claims

1. A tunnel buffer multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure, characterized in that Including: A tunnel body (1), a trigger assembly (6), and a filter cake scraping assembly (7); A plurality of drain pipes (2) are equidistantly arranged on the outer side of the tunnel body (1). An outer filter plate (3) is fixed on the outer side of the tunnel body (1). A plurality of support plates (4) are arranged around the outer side of the drain pipe (2). At least one elastic piece (41) is fixed on the side of the support plate (4) close to the tunnel body (1). Thrust plugs (42) are fixed at both ends of the support plate (4); Two groups of trigger assemblies (6) are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the support plate (4). The trigger assembly (6) includes a first flow channel (61), a second flow channel (62), and a piston (63). The first flow channel (61) is in sealed sliding fit with the outer side of the thrust plug (42). Sealing plates (5) are fixed at the edges of both ends of the tunnel body (1). A second flow channel (62) is fixed on the outer side of the sealing plate (5). The second flow channel (62) penetrates through the sealing plate (5) and forms a communication structure with the first flow channel (61). A piston (63) is in sealed sliding fit with the inner sides of the first flow channel (61) and the second flow channel (62); Arc-shaped frame groups (74) are fixed at one ends of the two sealing plates (5) close to the support plate (4). A scraping plate (71) is fixed between the two arc-shaped frame groups (74). The moving path of the scraping plate (71) is the same as the moving path of the arc-shaped frame group (74). Silt flow channels (8) are fixed on both sides of the tunnel body (1).

2. The multi-layer water-proof and drainage structure with buffer for tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of filter holes (30) are arranged through the inner side of the outer filter plate (3). The positions of the filter holes (30) do not overlap with the positions of the drain pipes (2) in the vertical projection. A water guide pipe (21) is fixed at the lower end of the drain pipe (2). A filter screen (22) is arranged at the connection between the water guide pipe (21) and the drain pipe (2); The silt flow channel (8) is located between the water guide pipe (21) and the outer filter plate (3).

3. A tunnel buffer multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filter cake scraping assembly (7) includes a scraping plate (71), a saw blade (72), a connecting piece (73), and an arc-shaped frame group (74). A saw blade (72) is fixed on the side of the scraping plate (71) close to the vertical center plane of the tunnel body (1). Connecting pieces (73) are fixed at both ends of the scraping plate (71) respectively. The end of the connecting piece (73) far from the scraping plate (71) is fixedly connected with the arc-shaped frame group (74).

4. The multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure with buffer in tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that, The arc-shaped frame group (74) includes a support pipe (741), a hollow rod (742), and an arc-shaped rod (743). A support pipe (741) is fixed on the side of the sealing plate (5) close to the support plate (4). The hollow rod (742) is in sealed sliding fit with the inner side of the support pipe (741). The arc-shaped rod (743) is in sealed sliding fit with the inner side of the hollow rod (742). The end of the arc-shaped rod (743) is connected to the scraping plate (71) through the connecting piece (73). The moving path of the scraping plate (71) is the same as the moving path of the end of the arc-shaped rod (743).

5. A tunnel buffer multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper end of the scraping plate (71) is fixed with a plurality of sliders (711), and a guide rail (31) adapted to the sliders is fixed on the inner wall of the outer filter plate (3). Moreover, the moving path of the sliders (711) is the same as that of the guide rail (31). Meanwhile, a telescopic sleeve (712) is fixed between the scraping plate (71) and the sliders (711).

6. A tunnel buffer multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, Limit protrusions (701) are fixed on both the inner wall of the support pipe (741) and the inside of the hollow rod (742). The limit protrusions (701) start from one end close to the vertical center line of the support pipe (741), and the other end of the limit protrusions (701) is the terminal. The protrusion height at the start end of the limit protrusions (701) is greater than that at the terminal end.

7. A tunnel buffer multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Elastic components (9) are fixed on both sides of the tunnel body (1). The elastic components (9) include a support frame (91), a support spring (92), and a sealing sleeve (93). A support frame (91) is fixed directly above the silt flow channel (8). The support frame (91) includes two parallel connecting rods, and a plurality of support springs (92) are fixed between the two connecting rods. Moreover, the plurality of support springs (92) are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the support frame (91). The outside of the support springs (92) is wrapped with a sealing sleeve (93).

8. A tunnel buffer multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, A lifting frame (11) is arranged at the lower end of the filter net (22), and a connecting rod (110) is fixed between the filter net (22) and the elastic component (9).

9. A construction device for a tunnel buffer multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure, which applies the tunnel buffer multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure described in any one of claims 1-8, comprising: A crane, before the tunnel body (1) is placed into the pit, the crane is used for hoisting and constructing a multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure and placing the waterproof and drainage structure on the upper end surface of the tunnel body (1).

10. A construction method of a tunnel buffer multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure, applying the tunnel buffer multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1. The tunnel body (1) is a precast and cast-integral structure. The multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure is installed on the upper end surface of the tunnel body (1) by a crane, and the elastic sheet (41) is fixed to the outer end surface of the tunnel body (1) by bolts. Then, a pit is dug at the tunnel embedding point, and the bottom of the pit is reinforced to form a foundation; S2. Then, the tunnel body (1) is transported above the pit, and then the tunnel body (1) is fixed to the foundation. At this time, the multi-layer waterproof and drainage structure is fixed at the upper end of the tunnel body (1), and the foundation trench is backfilled outside the tunnel body (1). When backfilling, coarse sand is buried first, and then fine sand is buried on the upper end of the coarse sand; S3. The larger soil blocks are blocked outside by the outer filter plate (3) for the first layer of filtration. When the soil is mixed with water to form silt, the silt passes through the outer filter plate (3) and is blocked outside by a plurality of support plates (4) for the second layer of filtration; S4. The water in the silt is filtered out and flows into the drain pipe (2) through the gaps between the support plates (4). The remaining silt forms a filter cake on the support plates (4). As the filter cake thickens, the pressure of the filter cake on the plurality of support plates (4) increases, pressing the support plates (4) to move downward and triggering the trigger component (6); S5. Use the damping liquid in the trigger component (6) to enter the support tube (741), and push the arc-shaped rod (743) and the scraper (71) to move along the guide rail (31) towards the side close to the silt flow channel (8), so as to clean the filter cake on the outer wall of the support plate (4) into the silt flow channels (8) on both sides of the tunnel body (1) and collect the filter cake; S6. After the scraper (71) moves to the lowest end of the guide rail (31), it compresses the support springs (92) on both sides to deform, and uses the elastic force of the restoration of the support springs (92) to drive the scraper (71) to slide upward along the guide rail (31) and make the arc-shaped rod (743) and the hollow rod (742) insert into the support tube (741) again for reset. During the sliding process of the scraper (71), the force released by the elastic component (9) is used to drive the saw blade (72) to slide upward in a direction at an angle of (45) degrees with the vertical line, so as to cut the roots of the plants entering and passing through the outer filter plate (3), so as to prevent the overgrowth of the plant roots from damaging a tunnel buffer multi-layer water-proof and drainage structure of the present application.

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