Anti-blocking device for drainage blind pipe of tunnel lining

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of blind pipe blockage prevention, and discloses a tunnel lining drainage blind pipe blockage prevention device which comprises an inverted arch support, a primary support and a secondary lining are fixedly connected to the edge of the top of the inverted arch support, and the primary support is installed on the outer side of the secondary lining. When the waterproof plate loses efficacy, the hydrolysis layer is dissolved and disappears after making contact with water, the generated outer side drainage space rapidly discharges initial support seepage water, at the moment, the drainage flow is large, the blockage condition of the drainage groove can be reduced, the accumulated water leakage phenomenon behind the tunnel lining is avoided, and the service life of the tunnel lining is prolonged. Afterwards, the gradient water delivery mechanism on the inner layer absorbs water and expands, gap space formed by degradation of the outer layer is effectively filled, the hydrogel structure formed after water absorption is stable, water loss is not prone to occurring due to external pressurization, and the situation that drainage groove space reserved in the tunnel is filled with lost rock-soil particles is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of blind drain anti-blocking, and specifically relates to a tunnel lining drainage blind drain anti-blocking device. Background Technique

[0002] The traditional drainage blind drain is a three-dimensional porous material formed by heating and melting a thermoplastic synthetic resin, extruding fiber filaments through a nozzle and stacking them together, and fusing the connection points. The application of the drainage blind drain in the tunnel is mainly that the fissure water in the tunnel rock mass leaks down along the geotextile behind the waterproof board and the gap between the geotextile and the primary support surface of the tunnel to the drainage blind drain, and is discharged into the tunnel drainage ditch through the blind drain in time, avoiding the fissure water behind the tunnel lining not being discharged in time and being blocked behind the lining, resulting in the damage of the lining structure and the problem of tunnel water leakage. Usually, due to the filtration of the geotextile, the blockage of the tunnel lining blind drain is generally small particle sediment silt impurities.

[0003] A drainage structure for the circumferential construction joint of a highway tunnel with the application number of CN202010039255.4 in the prior art documents includes a solid blind drain located in the circumferential construction joint. The blind drain is arranged along the circumferential direction of the tunnel and is made of water-degradable material; longitudinal drain pipes are respectively connected to both ends of the blind drain, and the longitudinal drain pipes are connected to a drainage ditch; the drainage ditch is located on the vertical central axis of the tunnel; the blind drain is located on the side of the circumferential construction joint close to the primary support and is located in the secondary lining of the tunnel. The drainage structure combining anti-blocking and dredging can ensure the safety of the secondary lining structure and operation safety to the greatest extent, and is convenient for construction; although the above application designs a solid blind drain made of water-degradable material, when the tunnel waterproof board fails, the solid blind drain first contacts the groundwater and degrades, forming a channel along the solid blind drain, and there is a large space to drain the water to the longitudinal drain pipe, but once the material is completely degraded, the original blind drain structure will permanently disappear, and it can no longer provide the necessary mechanical support for the surrounding rock. The structure cannot be reused, and after losing the restraint of the pipe body, the surrounding rock and soil particles are more likely to enter the drainage channel, causing blockage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the problems in the above background technique that the blind drain cannot provide the necessary mechanical support for the surrounding rock after degradation, and the surrounding rock and soil particles are more likely to enter the drainage channel, causing blockage, the invention provides a tunnel lining drainage blind drain anti-blocking device.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical solution: A tunnel lining drainage blind drain anti-blocking device includes an inverted arch support, the top edge of the inverted arch support is fixedly connected with a primary support and a secondary lining, the primary support is installed outside the secondary lining, and further includes:

[0006] An outer layer quick-pass mechanism is arranged between the primary support and the secondary lining;

[0007] The inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism is arranged on the outer-layer quick-pass mechanism;

[0008] Among them, the outer-layer quick-pass mechanism includes a geotextile fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the secondary lining, and the geotextile is respectively composed of two parts: a winding part and a paving part.

[0009] Preferably, a hydrolysis layer is sleeved on the winding part of the geotextile, the inner cavity of the hydrolysis layer is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism, a stainless steel wire mesh is fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism, and a circular cavity is opened in the inner cavity of the stainless steel wire mesh.

[0010] Preferably, a waterproof board is fixedly connected to the upper end of the paving part of the geotextile, and the top of the waterproof board is fixedly connected to the primary support.

[0011] Preferably, a humidity sensor located in the inner cavity of the hydrolysis layer is fixedly connected to the middle of the geotextile, and the humidity sensor is externally connected to a power source.

[0012] Preferably, the inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism includes a first expansion layer fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the hydrolysis layer, a second expansion layer is sleeved in the inner cavity of the first expansion layer, a third expansion layer is sleeved in the inner cavity of the second expansion layer, the aperture sizes of the first expansion layer, the second expansion layer and the third expansion layer are sequentially arranged in a stepwise decreasing manner, and the spacing of the apertures increases sequentially.

[0013] Preferably, clamping grooves are opened on the opposite sides of the first expansion layer and the second expansion layer, clamping blocks made of the same material as themselves are fixedly connected to the opposite sides of the second expansion layer and the third expansion layer, and the first expansion layer, the second expansion layer and the third expansion layer are installed with each other in a flexible clamping manner through the clamping blocks.

[0014] Preferably, the outer diameter of the inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism after expansion is consistent with the outer diameter of the hydrolysis layer, and the inner diameter of the inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism does not change after expansion through the stainless steel wire mesh.

[0015] Preferably, a number of the inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanisms and the hydrolysis layers are provided according to the tunnel length, and are evenly laid in the inner cavity of the primary support.

[0016] Preferably, the outer wall of the primary support is installed on the tunnel surrounding rock, and the primary support seeps water into its crack gaps through the original seepage field of the surrounding rock.

[0017] Preferably, an invert filling is poured in the inner cavity of the invert support, a road surface is arranged in the middle of the invert filling, and cable grooves are symmetrically opened in the inner cavities on both sides of the invert support.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] Through the cooperation of structures such as an inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism and a hydrolysis layer, the present invention achieves the effects of unobstructed drainage and swelling support. When the waterproof board fails, after the hydrolysis layer comes into contact with water, it dissolves and disappears, and the generated outer drainage space quickly discharges the seepage water of the primary support. At this time, the drainage flow rate is large, which can reduce the blockage of the drainage groove and avoid the water accumulation and leakage phenomenon behind the tunnel lining. When the hydrolysis layer is not degraded, it has mechanical properties similar to polyethylene and can withstand the normal loads during tunnel construction. After coming into contact with water, it can completely dissolve within several hours to several days, and there are no harmful residues after dissolution, meeting the environmental protection requirements. Then, the inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism absorbs water and swells, effectively filling the gap space formed by the degradation of the outer layer. The hydrogel structure formed after water absorption is stable, and it is not easy to lose water under external pressure, with excellent long-term water retention performance, avoiding the drainage groove space reserved in the tunnel from being filled by the lost rock and soil particles.

[0020] Through the cooperation of structures such as a cavity and a stainless steel grid, the present invention achieves the effect of continuous and stable drainage. The water overflowing inside the inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism after water absorption can flow into the cavity for centralized drainage. According to the support of the stainless steel grid, the cavity always maintains a preset size, so that there is still enough pore size after the inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism absorbs water and swells, meeting the tunnel seepage water volume requirements. For the evolution of drainage efficiency, the initial drainage mainly relies on the space penetration of the degradation of the hydrolysis layer, and the drainage efficiency is equivalent to that of traditional plastic blind pipes. The later drainage mainly forms a capillary water conduction channel through the cavity in the middle of the inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism, achieving the effect of continuous and stable drainage and effectively improving the overall drainage volume.

[0021] Through the cooperation of structures such as a clamping groove, a clamping block, a first swelling layer, a second swelling layer, and a third swelling layer, the present invention reduces the risk of material pore blockage. The inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism adopts a gradient porosity design to balance the water absorption speed and drainage efficiency. The area with a higher porosity has a faster water absorption speed because water can enter and fill the pores more easily. Therefore, the gradually decreasing porosity setting from the first swelling layer to the third swelling layer enables the outer first swelling layer area to be responsible for rapid water absorption, while the third swelling layer area slows down the speed and continuously drains water, forming a "fast absorption - slow drainage" synergistic mechanism. A stable water conduction channel is formed through the third swelling layer with a smaller porosity, improving the drainage efficiency. Moreover, the low porosity of the third swelling layer enhances the compressive strength of the material and prevents the structure from collapsing after swelling. Such a gradient design can also achieve a hierarchical filtration effect for the inner layer, reduce the risk of pore blockage, extend the service life, and cooperate with the clamping groove and the clamping block to install the three layers by clamping, increasing the gap between them, increasing the overall dirt-holding capacity of the inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism, and avoiding small particle sediment from always accumulating in the first swelling layer, further improving the service time.

[0022] In the present invention, the material of the inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism is set as a starch-based superabsorbent polymer, and the material of the hydrolysis layer is set as a thermoplastic starch resin degradable plastic. The overall density of the inner and outer layer materials is reduced by about 30% compared with traditional plastic blind pipes, reducing transportation and installation costs. Moreover, after the outer layer dissolves, the inner-layer polymer can independently undertake the drainage function, without manual intervention throughout the life cycle, reducing maintenance costs. Although the initial investment is about 30% higher than that of traditional blind pipes, the total cost including maintenance within a 50-year service life is reduced by about 65%. In addition, by integrating humidity sensors, the degradation state of the outer layer is monitored in real time to warn of potential failure risks. Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the front sectional structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the partial enlarged structure at A in

[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the waterproof board and the geotextile of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the quantity distribution structure of the hydrolysis layer of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the initial installation of the hydrolysis layer of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the inner layer of the expansion support material after expansion of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the inner layer snap-in installation of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the partial enlarged structure at B in

[0032] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional comparison diagram of the inner and outer double-layer structures of the present invention.

[0033] In the figure:

[0034] 1, invert support; 2, invert filling; 3, road surface; 4, cable trench; 5, original seepage field; 6, primary support; 7, secondary lining; 8, outer-layer quick drainage mechanism; 81, stainless steel wire mesh; 82, hydrolysis layer; 83, geotextile; 84, waterproof board; 85, humidity sensor; 86, cavity; 9, inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism; 91, first expansion layer; 92, second expansion layer; 93, third expansion layer; 94, snap-in block; 95, snap-in groove. Detailed implementation mode

[0035] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0036] As Figures 1 to 10 shown, the present invention provides a tunnel lining drainage blind pipe anti-blocking device, including an invert support 1. At the top edge of the invert support 1, there are an initial support 6 and a secondary lining 7 fixedly connected. The initial support 6 is installed outside the secondary lining 7. It also includes:

[0037] An outer layer quick-pass mechanism 8 is arranged between the initial support 6 and the secondary lining 7;

[0038] An inner layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 is arranged on the outer layer quick-pass mechanism 8;

[0039] Among them, the outer layer quick-pass mechanism 8 includes a geotextile 83 fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the secondary lining 7. The geotextile 83 is composed of two parts: winding and paving. The outer wall of the initial support 6 is installed on the tunnel surrounding rock. The initial support 6 seeps water into its crack gaps through the original seepage field 5 of the surrounding rock. An invert filling 2 is poured in the inner cavity of the invert support 1. There is a road surface 3 in the middle of the invert filling 2. Cable grooves 4 are symmetrically opened in the inner cavities on both sides of the invert support 1.

[0040] Adopting the above scheme: there is a drainage groove between the initial support 6 and the secondary lining 7. The winding part of the geotextile 83 wraps the outer layer quick-pass mechanism 8 located in the drainage groove. First, the initial support 6 is implemented to stabilize the surrounding rock, and then the invert support 1 is poured and filled to form a base. After the initial support 6 is stable, a waterproof board 84 is laid, steel bars are tied, and the secondary lining 7 concrete is poured. In terms of the drainage system, the outer layer quick-pass mechanism 8 is installed in the inner cavity of the secondary lining 7, and it cooperates with the inner layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 to efficiently drain water and prevent blockage.

[0041] As Figure 6 shown, a hydrolysis layer 82 is sleeved on the winding part of the geotextile 83. The inner cavity of the hydrolysis layer 82 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9. A stainless steel wire mesh 81 is fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the inner layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9, and a circular cavity 86 is opened in the inner cavity of the stainless steel wire mesh 81.

[0042] As Figure 2As shown, a waterproof board 84 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the laying part of the geotextile 83, and the top of the waterproof board 84 is fixedly connected to the primary support 6; a humidity sensor 85 located inside the hydrolysis layer 82 is fixedly connected to the middle of the geotextile 83, and the humidity sensor 85 is externally connected to a power source.

[0043] Adopting the above scheme: The material of the hydrolysis layer 82 is set as a thermoplastic starch resin degradable plastic, and the thickness range is 1.5 - 3.0 mm. Since the thickness of the waterproof board 84 is greater than or equal to 1.5 mm, usually made of EVA material, and the mechanical strength of the thermoplastic starch material is close to that of PE, setting the lower limit and considering the control of the degradation speed, a thickness exceeding 3 mm may lead to an extended dissolution time and increase the risk of failure during the construction period. Therefore, a thickness of 1.5 mm is applicable to low water pressure tunnels less than 0.5 MPa, and a thickness of 3.0 mm is applicable to high water pressure environments less than or equal to 1.0 MPa;

[0044] The materials of the inner layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 are all set as starch-based superabsorbent polymers, and the thickness range is 5 - 10 mm. According to the water absorption expansion ratio experiment of 800 - 1070 g / g, a thickness of 5 mm can provide a volume expansion of 400% - 800%. Exceeding 10 mm may cause the compression rate of the cavity 86 after expansion to exceed 40%, reducing the drainage efficiency. Therefore, a thickness of 5 mm is applicable to small flow drainage less than 5 L / min, and 10 mm is applicable to medium flow less than or equal to 15 L / min, and it is applied according to the actual drainage flow;

[0045] The thickness ratio range of the hydrolysis layer 82 to the inner layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 can be designed to be 1:3 to 1:6. Because after the hydrolysis layer 82 degrades, the inner layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 needs to expand and fill the pores. For example, when the hydrolysis layer 82 is set to 2 mm and the inner layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 is set to 10 mm, the ratio is 1:5, and 92% of the gaps can be filled. When the hydrolysis layer 82 is set to 3 mm and the inner layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 is set to 15 mm, the ratio is 1:5, which is applicable to surrounding rocks with larger original seepage field 5 gaps. Since the material cost of the inner layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 is relatively high, when the thickness ratio is greater than 1:6, the material cost of the inner layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 increases significantly, while the marginal benefit of gap filling decreases;

[0046] In the range of -20°C to 40°C and humidity of 30% - 95%, the material properties of the inner layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 and the hydrolysis layer 82 remain stable, without significant degradation acceleration phenomenon, and show good tolerance to common soil pH values of 4 - 9 and the microbial environment, enhancing the adaptability to the environment. According to the characteristics of the inner layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9, after 50 cycles of water absorption and drying, the water absorption ratio retention rate exceeds 85%, and the structural integrity is good. The hydrolysis layer 82 can control the complete degradation time within 7 to 30 days by adjusting the proportion of the starch modifier, adapting to the requirements of different tunnel engineering.

[0047] As Figures 6 to 10As shown in the figure, the inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 includes a first expansion layer 91 fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the hydrolysis layer 82. A second expansion layer 92 is sleeved inside the first expansion layer 91, and a third expansion layer 93 is sleeved inside the second expansion layer 92. The aperture sizes of the first expansion layer 91, the second expansion layer 92, and the third expansion layer 93 are successively arranged in a stepped decreasing manner, and the spacing of the apertures increases successively.

[0048] As Figure 8 and Figure 9 shown in the figure, clamping grooves 95 are provided on the opposite sides of the first expansion layer 91 and the second expansion layer 92. On the opposite sides of the second expansion layer 92 and the third expansion layer 93, clamping blocks 94 made of the same material as themselves are fixedly connected. The first expansion layer 91, the second expansion layer 92, and the third expansion layer 93 are installed with each other in a flexible clamping manner through the clamping blocks 94.

[0049] Adopting the above scheme: the diameter range of the cavity 86 is set to 10 - 40 mm. Since the diameter range of the traditional blind pipe is 50 - 100 mm and the proportion of the middle space is 20% - 40%, a middle space diameter greater than or equal to 10 mm can ensure the smoothness of the water conduction channel, and less than 40 mm can prevent the structure from collapsing. Therefore, the maximum diameter of the hydrolysis layer 82 used in this application is 50 mm, with a 15 - mm cavity 86, accounting for 30%, which can balance drainage and structural strength. When the maximum diameter is 100 mm, a 30 - mm cavity 86 is configured, accounting for 30%, which is applicable to tunnels with a high seepage water volume. And under the support of the stainless steel grid 81, when the inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 expands, the diameter of the cavity 86 does not change, and the water conveyance efficiency is always maintained.

[0050] Parameter verification and adjustment: Make a 1:1 sample, simulate the tunnel water pressure of 0.1 - 1.0 MPa and the surrounding rock pressure of 0.5 - 2.0 MPa, verify the expansion filling rate and drainage efficiency, and adjust the diameter of the cavity 86 according to the development degree of the surrounding rock fissures. For dense surrounding rock with fissures less than 1 mm, the lower limit value can be adopted; for loose surrounding rock with fissures greater than 3 mm, the upper limit value can be adopted. The thickness ratio of 1:5 scheme can reduce the full life cycle cost by about 60% compared with the traditional plastic blind pipe, including the maintenance cost. The design parameters have been verified by multi-scale simulation. In actual application, dynamic optimization needs to be combined with geological exploration data such as seepage water volume and surrounding rock pressure.

[0051] As Figure 5 and Figure 10 shown in the figure, the outer diameter of the inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 after expansion is consistent with the outer diameter of the hydrolysis layer 82, and the inner diameter of the inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 does not change after expansion through the stainless steel grid 81; the inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 and the hydrolysis layer 82 are provided with a certain number according to the tunnel length and are evenly laid in the inner cavity of the primary support 6.

[0052] Adopting the above scheme: the porosity gradient setting data of the inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 are as follows: the porosity of the first expansion layer 91 is 30%-40%, the porosity of the third expansion layer 93 is 10%-20%, and the porosity of the middle transition layer, the second expansion layer 92, is 20%-30%. Moreover, the first expansion layer 91 mainly has micron-sized pores, 10-50 microns, and the third expansion layer 93 mainly has sub-micron-sized pores, less than 10 microns, which improves the drainage efficiency and anti-blocking effect. During actual application, fine-tuning is required in combination with parameters such as the tunnel seepage volume and surrounding rock pressure.

[0053] The working principle and usage process of the present invention:

[0054] First of all, in most cases, after the water flow in the original seepage field 5 of the tunnel surrounding rock infiltrates into the primary support 6 in the initial stage, the seepage direction is as Figure 6 , Figure 7 shown by the arrow directions. The water flow infiltrates through the installation gaps of the primary support 6 and is blocked by the waterproof board 84, and basically very little continues to infiltrate downward. However, once the waterproof board 84 cracks and fails, the water flow will pass through the waterproof board 84 and continue to infiltrate downward. After being filtered by the geotextile 83, large particle rock and soil particles and other impurities are blocked outside. Then the water flow contacts the hydrolysis layer 82. The hydrolysis layer 82 is a thermoplastic starch resin degradable plastic and dissolves and disappears when encountering water. At this time, the inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 falls to the bottom at the winding part of the geotextile 83, increasing the flow channel space above the geotextile 83, and allowing a larger flow rate of water to pass through. At this time, the water flow may contain dissolved small particle sediment, and most of it can be washed away by the water flow. Finally, it is discharged through the drainage ditch at the bottom of the tunnel. And the remaining small part of the small particle sediment infiltrates into the inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 along with the water flow. The inner-layer gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 is a starch-based superabsorbent polymer, so it expands after absorbing water until it fills all the space of the winding part of the geotextile 83, that is, fills the gap space formed by the degradation of the hydrolysis layer 82, achieving the purpose of compressive support and preventing rock and soil particles from filling this gap;

[0055] Secondly, after the inner gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 absorbs water and swells to form a hydrogel structure, the internal cavity 86 thereof always maintains a preset size according to the support of the stainless steel wire mesh frame 81, which can ensure that the expansion direction of the inner gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 expands outwards. The cavity 86 still conducts water effectively. Water flows gradually from the first expansion layer 91 to the third expansion layer 93, then converges into the cavity 86 and is discharged centrally, and finally is discharged from the drainage ditch at the bottom of the tunnel. According to the principle that the larger the pores and the higher the pore density, the faster the water absorption speed, since the internal pores of the first expansion layer 91, the second expansion layer 92, and the third expansion layer 93 decrease step by step in size, and the spacing of the pores increases in turn, the water absorption rate of the inner gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 decreases layer by layer from the outside to the inside. Therefore, after the water flow contacts the inner gradient water conveyance mechanism 9, the first expansion layer 91 quickly absorbs water, then the water absorption speed decreases and is absorbed by the second expansion layer 92, and then the water absorption speed further decreases and is absorbed by the third expansion layer 93. The excess water overflows into the cavity 86. The water conveyance with a decreasing speed layer by layer can intercept a small part of the small particle sediment in the water flow and basically retain it in the first expansion layer 91, not only achieving the effect of grading filtration, but also reducing the risk of blockage in the pores. Moreover, through the continuous and stable water flow of the second expansion layer 92 and the third expansion layer 93, the phenomenon of water accumulation behind the secondary lining 7 of the tunnel can be effectively reduced;

[0056] Thirdly, through the setting of the clamping grooves 95 and the clamping blocks 94, when sleeved and installed, taking the first expansion layer 91 and the second expansion layer 92 as an example, a certain gap is opened in the clamping groove 95 of the first expansion layer 91, then the second expansion layer 92 is inserted into the inner cavity of the first expansion layer 91, and then the clamping block 94 is reserved in the clamping groove 95. The three-layer sleeve installation increases the mutual gaps, enhancing the overall dirt accumulation capacity and preventing small particle sediment from always accumulating in the first expansion layer 91. In case of extreme weather, when the inner gradient water conveyance mechanism 9 shrinks due to dry geology, the small particle sediment dries into dust and is squeezed into the mutual gaps between the first expansion layer 91, the second expansion layer 92, and the third expansion layer 93. After swelling again when encountering water, the expansion displacement of the outer first expansion layer 91 mainly expands towards the side away from the clamping groove 95. The water absorption of the clamping block 94 makes it easier for the second expansion layer 92 to expand again, reducing the influence of the adsorbed small particle sediment and enhancing the telescopic effect of the material and the normal water flow effect. In addition, the interaction effect between the second expansion layer 92 and the third expansion layer 93 is the same as that of the former;

[0057] Finally, when the waterproof board 84 has not failed, the hydrolysis layer 82 is evenly wrapped around the inner gradient water delivery mechanism 9, and the hydrolysis layer 82 acts as a support. The two cooperate with the geotextile 83 to fill the preset drainage trough and bear the normal load in tunnel construction. When the waterproof board 84 fails, the hydrolysis layer 82 dissolves in water to produce a flow channel space, quickly drains water, and then absorbs water and expands through the inner gradient water delivery mechanism 9 to support it, while ensuring continuous drainage in the later period. If extremely dry weather occurs, when the inner gradient water delivery mechanism 9 loses water and shrinks, the dry surrounding rock can also easily maintain the space of the preset drainage trough, and a large number of rock and soil particles will not fall to block the reserved drainage trough. After the inner gradient water delivery mechanism 9 absorbs water and expands again, the drainage trough space can be refilled and supported. In addition, the first expansion layer 91, the second expansion layer 92 and the third expansion layer 93 in the inner gradient water delivery mechanism 9 are filtered and filtered at a reduced speed layer by layer to reduce the risk of pore blockage. Finally, the integrated humidity sensor 85 monitors the hydrolysis layer 82 in real time, and can warn of the potential failure risk of degradation of the hydrolysis layer 82.

[0058] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0059] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tunnel lining drainage blind pipe anti-blocking device, comprising an invert support (1), wherein the top edge of the invert support (1) is fixedly connected with a primary support (6) and a secondary lining (7), and the primary support (6) is installed outside the secondary lining (7), and is characterized in that: It also includes: An outer layer quick - passage mechanism (8), and the outer layer quick - passage mechanism (8) is arranged between the primary support (6) and the secondary lining (7); An inner layer gradient water - conveying mechanism (9), and the inner layer gradient water - conveying mechanism (9) is arranged on the outer layer quick - passage mechanism (8); Among them, the outer layer quick - passage mechanism (8) includes a geotextile (83) fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the secondary lining (7), and the geotextile (83) is respectively composed of two parts: winding and paving.

2. The anti-clogging device for the drainage blind pipe of the tunnel lining according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hydrolysis layer (82) is sleeved on the winding part of the geotextile (83), the inner cavity of the hydrolysis layer (82) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner layer gradient water - conveying mechanism (9), a stainless - steel wire mesh (81) is fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the inner layer gradient water - conveying mechanism (9), and a circular cavity (86) is opened in the inner cavity of the stainless - steel wire mesh (81).

3. The anti-blocking device for the drainage blind pipe of the tunnel lining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the paving part of the geotextile (83) is fixedly connected with a waterproof board (84), and the top of the waterproof board (84) is fixedly connected to the primary support (6).

4. The anti-clogging device for the drainage blind pipe of the tunnel lining according to claim 1, characterized in that: A humidity sensor (85) located in the inner cavity of the hydrolysis layer (82) is fixedly connected to the middle of the geotextile (83), and the humidity sensor (85) is externally connected to a power source.

5. The anti-blocking device for the drainage blind pipe of the tunnel lining according to claim 2, wherein: The inner layer gradient water - conveying mechanism (9) includes a first expansion layer (91) fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the hydrolysis layer (82), a second expansion layer (92) is sleeved in the inner cavity of the first expansion layer (91), a third expansion layer (93) is sleeved in the inner cavity of the second expansion layer (92), the pore diameters of the first expansion layer (91), the second expansion layer (92) and the third expansion layer (93) are arranged in a step - by - step decreasing manner, and the spacing of the pore diameters increases in turn.

6. The anti-blocking device for the drainage blind pipe of the tunnel lining according to claim 5, wherein: Card slots (95) are opened on the opposite sides of the first expansion layer (91) and the second expansion layer (92), clamping blocks (94) made of the same material as themselves are fixedly connected to the opposite sides of the second expansion layer (92) and the third expansion layer (93), and the first expansion layer (91), the second expansion layer (92) and the third expansion layer (93) are installed with each other in a flexible clamping manner through the clamping blocks (94).

7. The anti-clogging device for the drainage blind pipe of the tunnel lining according to claim 2, wherein: The outer diameter of the inner layer gradient water - conveying mechanism (9) after expansion is the same as the outer diameter of the hydrolysis layer (82), and the inner diameter of the inner layer gradient water - conveying mechanism (9) does not change after expansion through the stainless - steel wire mesh (81).

8. The anti-blocking device for the drainage blind pipe of the tunnel lining according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner layer gradient water - conveying mechanism (9) and the hydrolysis layer (82) are provided in a certain number according to the length of the tunnel, and are evenly laid in the inner cavity of the primary support (6).

9. The anti-blocking device for the drainage blind pipe of the tunnel lining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the primary support (6) is installed on the tunnel surrounding rock, and the primary support (6) seeps water into its crack gaps through the original seepage field (5) of the surrounding rock.

10. The anti-clogging device for the drainage blind pipe of the tunnel lining according to claim 1, characterized in that: An invert filling (2) is poured in the inner cavity of the invert support (1), a road surface (3) is arranged in the middle of the invert filling (2), and cable grooves (4) are symmetrically opened in the inner cavities on both sides of the invert support (1).

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