Small efficient back pressure type steam turbine

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of steam turbine equipment, in particular to a small efficient back-pressure steam turbine which comprises a cylinder body provided with a spiral flow guide groove, a central output shaft and a plurality of movable blade sets, after steam enters the cylinder body through an inlet formed in the tangential direction, the steam flows along the spiral flow guide groove and pushes the movable blade sets to do work step by step, and finally the steam is discharged from an outlet. Permanent magnet strips are arranged on the movable blade set and matched with the induction coil to generate electricity, energy is stored through a storage battery, and energy recycling is achieved. A ball slideway structure is arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder body to assist the blades to rotate and improve the operation stability. In addition, a steam supplementing and adjusting inlet is further arranged so as to maintain stable output power. The device is compact in structure and high in efficiency, integrates a power generation function, is suitable for industrial waste heat recovery and small energy systems, and has a good application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of steam turbine equipment, and particularly relates to a small and efficient back-pressure steam turbine. Background Art

[0002] The information disclosed in the background art of the present invention is only intended to increase the understanding of the overall background of the present invention, and is not necessarily regarded as an admission or an indication in any form that this information constitutes the prior art already known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0003] A back-pressure steam turbine refers to a steam turbine with an exhaust pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, which is a device that converts the thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy and has wide applications in industrial production and energy utilization.

[0004] Small back-pressure steam turbines play an important role in small energy systems and industrial waste heat recovery due to their small size and flexible installation. However, the existing small back-pressure steam turbines have an unoptimized steam flow path inside the steam turbine, resulting in a large flow resistance, so that the energy of the steam cannot be fully converted into mechanical energy, and thus their efficiency needs to be improved.

[0005] For example, in the existing Chinese patent CN113958375B, although certain improvements have been made in the structure, the use of mechanical components such as a driving cylinder and a flipping steam guide plate results in a complex structure, large transmission losses, a bulky volume, and low integration, making it difficult to miniaturize.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a small back-pressure steam turbine with a more reasonable and efficient structure. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a small and efficient back-pressure steam turbine, aiming to solve the problems of low efficiency, large volume, and low integration degree caused by the unreasonable steam flow path and complex mechanical structure in the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A small and efficient back-pressure steam turbine includes a cylinder block, and an upper end cover and a lower end cover are respectively and hermetically installed at both ends of the cylinder block; A spiral flow guide groove is provided on the inner side wall of the cylinder block, and a steam inlet and a steam outlet are respectively provided on the side wall of the cylinder block at the inlet end and the outlet end of the spiral flow guide groove; An output shaft is concentrically installed in the cylinder block along the central axis, and multiple groups of moving blade groups are concentrically arranged on the output shaft. Each group of moving blade groups corresponds to one or more periodically rotating spiral flow guide grooves, and the moving blade groups drive the output shaft to do work under the action of steam; The moving blade group includes a rotating partition plate, and three or more blades are evenly arranged on the rotating partition plate; On each of the blades, there is provided with more than one permanent magnet strip arranged along the central axis direction. An induction coil is provided on the outer wall of the cylinder body, which cooperates with the permanent magnet strips of the corresponding moving blade group. The permanent magnet strips cut the induction coil to generate electricity under the drive of the moving blade group. A storage battery for cooperating to store electric energy is also provided on the outer wall of the cylinder body.

[0009] Preferably, rotatable first balls are installed on the edges of the blades, and a first annular slideway corresponding to and adapted to the first balls is provided on the inner side wall of the cylinder body; The first annular slideway communicates with the spiral diversion groove. The steam is diverted through the first annular slideway, and the rotation of the blades is assisted by pushing the first balls.

[0010] Rotatable second balls are installed on the edges of the rotating partition plate, and a second annular slideway corresponding to and adapted to the second balls is provided on the inner side wall of the cylinder body; The second annular slideway communicates with the spiral diversion groove. The steam is diverted through the second annular slideway, and the rotation of the rotating partition plate is assisted by pushing the second balls.

[0011] Preferably, on the side of the blades and the rotating partition plate that cooperates with the inner wall of the cylinder body, corresponding installation cavities for cooperatively installing the first balls and the second balls are provided.

[0012] Preferably, the cylinder body is hermetically connected to the upper end cover and the lower end cover through flange plates, and the upper end cover and the lower end cover are provided with sealing bearings for cooperatively and hermetically installing the output shaft.

[0013] Preferably, an isolation protection cavity is provided on the outer wall of the cylinder body, and the induction coil is installed in the isolation protection cavity.

[0014] Preferably, the storage battery is integrally installed on the shell of the isolation protection cavity.

[0015] Preferably, a heat insulation protection layer is provided on the outer wall of the cylinder body in the isolation protection cavity.

[0016] Preferably, both the steam inlet and the steam outlet are tangentially and cooperatively arranged with the spiral diversion groove.

[0017] Preferably, between the steam inlet and the steam outlet, more than one steam supplementary regulation inlet is provided for supplementing and regulating the steam heat energy and kinetic energy that attenuates during stage-by-stage work, so as to regulate the output power.

[0018] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: In the present invention, the spiral guiding grooves on the inner wall of the cylinder guide the steam to flow along a spiral path, forming a continuous and stable flow path, reducing the phenomena of turbulence and eddy current, and lowering the flow resistance. At the same time, the spiral structure guides the steam to be evenly distributed and act on the corresponding moving blade groups step by step, enabling the thermal energy to be more fully converted into kinetic energy, thereby enhancing the output efficiency of mechanical energy. Compared with the traditional straight-through passage, this design can make the steam thermal energy be more fully converted into kinetic energy to drive the moving blade groups to do work step by step.

[0019] In the present invention, the power is directly transmitted through the direct cooperation between the spiral guiding grooves and the moving blade groups, reducing the mechanical losses in the transmission links. At the same time, permanent magnet strips are arranged on the moving blade groups, and induction coils are arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder, forming a built-in generator to realize the instant storage of electric energy, improving the energy utilization efficiency and automation degree of the system.

[0020] The present invention adopts an integrated structure of spiral guiding grooves and moving blade groups, simplifying the transmission mechanism. It avoids problems such as large volume, low efficiency, and frequent maintenance caused by mechanical transmission, and is conducive to the miniaturization and light weight of the equipment. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall external structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the partial disassembled structure of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cylinder; Figure 4 is Figure 3 an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at A in Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the overall internal structure of the present invention; Figure 6 is another schematic diagram of the overall internal structure of the present invention.

[0022] The reference numerals are as follows: 100, cylinder; 110, spiral guiding grooves; 120, steam inlet; 130, steam outlet; 140, first annular slideway; 150, heat insulation protection layer; 160, steam supplement and regulation inlet; 200, upper end cover; 300, lower end cover; 400, output shaft; 500, blades; 510, permanent magnet strips; 520, rotating partition; 521, second ball; 530, first ball; 600, isolation protection cavity; 610, induction coil; 620, storage battery. Detailed Embodiments

[0023] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and the drawings.

[0024] Figures 1 to 5A small and efficient backpressure steam turbine is presented. By optimizing the steam flow path, adopting multi-stage moving blade groups to do work step by step, integrating a permanent magnet power generation module, etc., the efficient operation and energy recovery and utilization of the steam turbine are realized on the basis of miniaturization. It is particularly suitable for application scenarios such as industrial waste heat recovery and distributed energy, improving the practicability and economy of the equipment.

[0025] The specific structure of the small and efficient backpressure steam turbine is as follows: It includes a cylinder block 100, and an upper end cover 200 and a lower end cover 300 are respectively and hermetically installed at both ends of the cylinder block 100; a spiral guide groove 110 is arranged on the inner side wall of the cylinder block 100, and a steam inlet 120 and a steam outlet 130 are respectively arranged on the side wall of the cylinder block 100 at the inlet end and the outlet end of the spiral guide groove 110.

[0026] An output shaft 400 is concentrically installed in the cylinder block 100 along the central axis, and multiple groups of moving blade groups are concentrically arranged on the output shaft 400. Each group of moving blade groups corresponds to more than one periodically rotating spiral guide groove 110. The moving blade groups drive the output shaft 400 to do work under the action of steam. The so-called "more than one periodically rotating spiral guide groove 110" in this application means that the spiral line of the spiral guide groove 110 has rotated more than one period. In this way, it can be ensured that each group of moving blade groups corresponds to at least one turn of the spiral guide groove 110, ensuring that each group of moving blade groups has sufficient power to drive.

[0027] Each group of moving blade groups corresponds to more than one period of spiral guide groove 110, ensuring that the steam gradually pushes the moving blade groups during the flow process, realizing "multi-stage expansion work". The steam energy is extracted step by step, avoiding energy waste during single-stage work and further improving the mechanical energy conversion efficiency. Compared with traditional steam turbines, due to the irregular flow path, large flow resistance and high energy loss; this steam turbine greatly improves the steam energy utilization rate through streamlined guide grooves and multi-stage step-by-step driving.

[0028] Each moving blade group includes a corresponding rotating partition 520, and more than three blades 500 are evenly distributed on the rotating partition 520. The leading edge and the trailing edge of each blade 500 are streamlined.

[0029] Moreover, more than one permanent magnet strip 510 is arranged on each blade 500 along the central axis direction. An induction coil 610 is arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder block 100 to cooperate with the permanent magnet strip 510 of the corresponding moving blade group. The permanent magnet strip 510 cuts the induction coil 610 to generate electricity under the drive of the moving blade group; a storage battery 620 for cooperating to store electric energy is also arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder block 100. At the same time, it is best for the permanent magnet strip 510 to be arranged near the edge of the blade 500, because on the one hand, it can improve the power generation efficiency, and on the other hand, it can generate greater centrifugal force and inertia, promoting the machine to output mechanical work more smoothly after starting.

[0030] When the steam turbine is working, high-temperature and high-pressure steam enters from the steam inlet 120, and after being guided by the spiral guide groove, it flows along a spiral path. The high-speed steam expands and accelerates in the spiral guide groove 110, and converts thermal energy into kinetic energy. Then, the high-speed flowing steam impacts the blades 500 of the 500 sets of blades, drives the output shaft 400 to rotate, converts kinetic energy into mechanical energy, and does work externally. After the steam does work on the blades 500, it continues to flow along the spiral guide groove, continuously does work through multiple moving blade groups stage by stage, and finally discharges from the steam outlet 130.

[0031] At the same time, when each moving blade group rotates, it drives the corresponding permanent magnet strip 510 and its induction coil 610 to cut the magnetic induction line, thereby completing power generation. The electricity generated by all moving blade groups is stored in the storage battery 620.

[0032] During the whole process, the function of the partition is to isolate the local space where each moving blade group is located, effectively reducing the ineffective leakage of steam and ensuring the efficient operation of the steam turbine.

[0033] In order to make the installation of the whole structure more stable, the cylinder block 100 is hermetically connected to the upper end cover 200 and the lower end cover 300 through flange plates, and the upper end cover 200 and the lower end cover 300 are provided with sealing bearings for hermetically installing the output shaft 400.

[0034] In order to facilitate installation and improve the integrated design, an isolation protection cavity 600 is provided on the outer wall of the cylinder block 100, and the induction coil 610 is installed in the isolation protection cavity 600. And the storage battery 620 is integrally installed on the shell of the isolation protection cavity 600.

[0035] In order to ensure the safety of the induction coil 610 and prevent the heat conducted by the cylinder block 100 from having an adverse effect on the induction coil 610, an adiabatic protection layer 150 is provided on the outer wall of the cylinder block 100 in the isolation protection cavity 600, and the material of the adiabatic protection layer 150 can adopt the existing technology.

[0036] In order to ensure that the steam enters the cylinder block 100 and accurately flows along the direction of the spiral guide groove, so as to ensure the stable drive of the moving blade group, the steam inlet 120 and the steam outlet 130 are both tangentially and cooperatively arranged with the spiral guide groove 110.

[0037] In another preferred embodiment, rotatable first balls 530 are mounted on the edges of the blades 500, and a first annular slideway 140 corresponding to and adapted to the first balls 530 is provided on the inner side wall of the cylinder block 100; the first annular slideway 140 communicates with the spiral diversion groove 110, and steam is diverted through the first annular slideway 140 and drives the blades 500 to rotate by pushing the first balls 530. It should be noted that the functions of the first balls 530 and the first annular slideway 140 are not only to guide and limit the corresponding blades 500, making the rotation of the moving blade group smoother and more stable, but also to guide the steam in the diversion spiral guide groove. The diverted steam assists in driving the rotation of the blades 500 by pushing the first balls 530.

[0038] Similarly, in another preferred embodiment, rotatable second balls 521 are also mounted on the edges of the rotating partition 520, and a second annular slideway corresponding to and adapted to the second balls 521 is provided on the inner side wall of the cylinder block 100; the second annular slideway communicates with the spiral diversion groove 110, and steam is diverted through the second annular slideway and drives the rotating partition 520 to rotate by pushing the second balls 521. The blades 500 and the rotating partition 520 are both provided with corresponding installation cavities on the side that cooperates with the inner wall of the cylinder block 100 for cooperatively installing the first balls 530 and the second balls 521.

[0039] An oil film lubrication seal may be provided between the installation cavity and the corresponding balls. Specifically, the same lubricating oil channels (not shown in the figure) may be provided on the output shaft 400, the rotating partition 520, and the corresponding blades 500, and lubricating oil is added through the lubricating oil channels to achieve an oil film lubrication seal. The setting of the lubricating oil channels can be achieved by conventional means in the prior art and is very easy to implement, so no more details will be given here.

[0040] In another preferred embodiment, as Figure 6 shown, more than one steam supplement and regulation inlet 160 is further provided between the steam inlet 120 and the steam outlet 130, which is used to supplement and regulate the steam heat energy and kinetic energy that decays during stage-by-stage work, so as to regulate the output power. This improves the adaptability of the steam turbine to different working conditions and enhances the flexibility and controllability of the system.

[0041] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same and similar parts among the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0042] The terms "upper", "lower", "outer side", "inner side", etc. in the description, claims and above-mentioned drawings of the present invention, if any, are used to distinguish the relative relationship in position and do not have to be given qualitative definitions. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order different from those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0043] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A small and efficient back-pressure steam turbine, comprising a cylinder block, with an upper end cover and a lower end cover hermetically installed at both ends of the cylinder block respectively; characterized in that: A spiral diversion groove is arranged on the inner side wall of the cylinder block, and a steam inlet and a steam outlet are respectively arranged on the side wall of the cylinder block at the inlet end and the outlet end of the spiral diversion groove; An output shaft is concentrically installed in the cylinder block along the central axis, and multiple groups of moving blade groups are concentrically arranged on the output shaft. Each group of moving blade groups corresponds to more than one periodically rotating spiral diversion groove, and the moving blade groups drive the output shaft to do work under the action of steam; The moving blade group includes a rotating partition plate, and more than three blades are arranged on the rotating partition plate evenly distributed; More than one permanent magnet strip is arranged on each blade along the direction of the central axis. An induction coil is arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder block and is matched with the permanent magnet strip of the corresponding moving blade group. The permanent magnet strip cuts the induction coil to generate electricity under the drive of the moving blade group; A storage battery for cooperating to store electric energy is also arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder block.

2. The small and efficient back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Rotatable first balls are installed on the edges of the blades, and a first annular slideway corresponding to and adapted to the first balls is arranged on the inner side wall of the cylinder block; The first annular slideway is communicated with the spiral diversion groove, and steam is shunted through the first annular slideway and drives the blades to rotate by pushing the first balls.

3. The small and efficient back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that: Rotatable second balls are installed on the edges of the rotating partition plate, and a second annular slideway corresponding to and adapted to the second balls is arranged on the inner side wall of the cylinder block; The second annular slideway is communicated with the spiral diversion groove, and steam is shunted through the second annular slideway and drives the rotating partition plate to rotate by pushing the second balls.

4. The small and efficient back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 3, characterized in that: Installation cavities for cooperatively installing the first balls and the second balls are respectively opened on one side of the blades and the rotating partition plate that cooperate with the inner wall of the cylinder block.

5. The small and efficient back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder block is hermetically connected with the upper end cover and the lower end cover through flange plates, and the upper end cover and the lower end cover are provided with sealing bearings for cooperatively and hermetically installing the output shaft.

6. The small and efficient back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: An isolation protection cavity is arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder block, and the induction coil is installed in the isolation protection cavity.

7. The small and efficient back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The storage battery is integrally installed on the shell of the isolation protection cavity.

8. The small and efficient back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 7, characterized in that: An adiabatic protection layer is arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder block in the isolation protection cavity.

9. The small and efficient back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the steam inlet and the steam outlet are arranged in a tangential fit with the spiral diversion groove.

10. The small and efficient back-pressure steam turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: One or more steam supplementary adjustment inlets are also provided between the steam inlet and the steam outlet, which are used to supplement and adjust the steam thermal energy and kinetic energy that gradually decays during work stage by stage, so as to adjust the output power.

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