Liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device and design method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of spherical tank protection, in particular to a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device and a design method thereof.The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device comprises a tank body protection cover used for protecting a tank body, and the tank body protection cover comprises a soft protection layer and a hard protection layer arranged on the soft protection layer; the soft protective layer comprises an inner protective layer and an outer protective layer arranged on the inner protective layer, a plurality of cavities are formed between the inner protective layer and the outer protective layer in a surrounding mode, and the cavities are filled with buffer solutions. According to the protective device, the tank body protective cover comprising the soft protective layer and the hard protective layer is adopted to protect the tank body, in practical application, the safety of the spherical tank can be effectively guaranteed, splashing objects are prevented from directly impacting the spherical tank, the spherical tank is prevented from being damaged, and the protective device has the advantages of being easy and convenient to operate, simple in structure, high in safety and capable of saving cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of spherical tank protection, and particularly relates to a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device and a design method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a thin-shell structure, the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank has many advantages such as large capacity, low cost, and good stability, so it is widely used in petrochemical enterprises and chemical industrial parks. However, under the action of a combustible vapor cloud explosion or the impact of flying objects, the thin-walled steel storage tank is extremely prone to large plastic deformation or penetration damage, which may lead to the leakage of internal combustible substances and cause secondary explosions and even a chain domino effect.

[0003] At present, existing relevant domestic and foreign standards and specifications have not proposed effective measures for anti-explosion and anti-impact protection of the spherical tank body. Therefore, for the protection of spherical tanks, the more common methods usually involve masonry walls or the installation of concrete protective plates to place the spherical tank in a safe environment to ensure its safety. However, these methods are only applicable to some small spherical tanks and are difficult to apply to large-size and high-back-pressure spherical tanks. Moreover, they have the disadvantages of complex implementation and high cost. Even in some cases where the application site is limited, the above methods cannot be used to protect the spherical tank.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device and a design method thereof to comprehensively improve the anti-explosion and anti-impact protection performance of the spherical tank. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that there is a lack of effective protection devices for the protection of spherical tanks, especially for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks, in the prior art, and to provide a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device and a design method thereof.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, in the first aspect of the present invention, a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device is provided. The protection device includes a tank body protective cover for protecting the tank body. The tank body protective cover includes a soft protective layer and a hard protective layer provided on the soft protective layer.

[0007] Among them, the soft protective layer includes an inner protective layer and an outer protective layer provided on the inner protective layer. A plurality of cavities are enclosed between the inner protective layer and the outer protective layer, and a buffer liquid is filled in the cavities.

[0008] Preferably, the cross-section of the cavity is trapezoidal, and the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity close to the tank body is less than the length of the bottom side away from the tank body.

[0009] Preferably, the inner protective layer is of a corrugated structure, and the corrugated structure is made of alloy steel.

[0010] Preferably, the outer protective layer is made of Kevlar or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

[0011] Preferably, the buffer solution is water or a shear thickening fluid.

[0012] Preferably, the soft protective layer further includes a pressure relief port for discharging the buffer solution to a safe area according to the magnitude of the impact force when impacted.

[0013] Preferably, the hard protective layer includes a hard protective inner layer and a hard protective outer layer provided on the hard protective inner layer. The hard protective inner layer includes several layers of honeycomb protective layers, and the inside of the honeycomb cells of at least one of the honeycomb protective layers is filled with aluminum foam.

[0014] Preferably, the inside of the honeycomb cells of each layer of the honeycomb protective layer is filled with aluminum foam, extending in the direction of the hard protective outer layer. The porosity of the aluminum foam filled in the honeycomb cells of several layers of the honeycomb protective layers gradually increases. Among them, the porosity of the aluminum foam is 40-80%.

[0015] Preferably, a ceramic layer is further provided between the hard protective inner layer and the hard protective outer layer. The ceramic layer is made of any one of alumina ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics, and boron carbide ceramics, and the Vickers hardness of the ceramic is ≥1500Hv10, the flexural strength is ≥350MPa, and the fracture toughness is ≥4.5MPa·m 1 / 2 。

[0016] Preferably, extending in the direction of the hard protective outer layer, the thickness of the interlayer board between adjacent honeycomb protective layers gradually decreases.

[0017] Preferably, the hard protective inner layer includes 2-5 layers of honeycomb protective layers; the honeycomb protective layer is made of any one of aluminum alloy, carbon steel, and stainless steel; the hard protective outer layer is made of hardened case-hardened steel with a thickness of 2-5mm.

[0018] Preferably, the length and width of the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb protective layer are equal, and the height of the honeycomb cells of each layer of the honeycomb protective layer is the same.

[0019] Preferably, the hard protective layer includes a protective inner layer and a protective outer layer provided on the protective inner layer. The protective inner layer includes several layers of corrugated board layers. Corresponding to each layer of the corrugated board layer, there are several alternately arranged wave crests and wave troughs, and the wave crest of any one corrugated board layer is arranged opposite to the wave trough of the adjacent corrugated board layer.

[0020] Preferably, a cavity formed by oppositely arranging the peak of any corrugated plate layer and the valley of the adjacent corrugated plate layer is filled with a protective filler. The protective filler is made of rigid polyurethane foam. The closed-cell rate of the rigid polyurethane foam is >90%, the density is >40 kg / m 3 , the thermal conductivity is >0.02 W / (m·K), and the fire rating is B1 level.

[0021] Preferably, the vertical height between the peak plate of the corrugated plate layer and the horizontal plane is 25 - 35 mm, the thickness of the corrugated plate layer is 1 - 10 mm, the inner angle a between the peak plate and / or valley plate of the corrugated plate layer and the hypotenuse is 100 - 150°, and the valley plate and the peak plate are of the same size.

[0022] Preferably, the protective inner layer includes 2 - 4 layers of corrugated plate layers; extending along the direction of the protective outer layer, the thicknesses of several layers of the corrugated plate layers decrease in sequence, and the decreased value of the thickness is 1 - 3 mm.

[0023] Preferably, vacuum brazing is adopted between adjacent corrugated plate layers; the corrugated plate layer is made of any one of superhard aluminum alloy, high-strength titanium alloy and carbon steel, and the protective outer layer is made of hardened carburized steel with a thickness of 2 - 5 mm.

[0024] Preferably, a fireproof layer is coated on the outer surface of the hard protective layer, and the fireproof layer is an intumescent steel structure fireproof coating.

[0025] The second aspect of the present invention provides a design method for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device, which is applied to the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device. The design method includes:

[0026] Based on the installation position of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, quantitatively evaluate the risks it faces and obtain a quantitative evaluation result;

[0027] Design a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to the quantitative evaluation result.

[0028] Preferably, the quantitative evaluation of the risks it faces specifically includes:

[0029] According to the layout and risk level of the devices around the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank and the local meteorological conditions, quantitatively evaluate the risks it faces by using the numerical simulation method.

[0030] Preferably, the design of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to the quantitative evaluation result specifically includes:

[0031] Design a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to the maximum value of the impact force of the splashes in the quantitative evaluation result.

[0032] According to the above technical solution, based on the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device, by using the tank body protective cover including the soft protective layer and the hard protective layer to protect the tank body, in actual application, the safety of the spherical tank can be effectively guaranteed, preventing flying objects from directly impacting the spherical tank and causing the spherical tank to be damaged. It has the advantages of simple operation, simple structure, high safety and cost savings.

[0033] Meanwhile, by setting the cross-section of the cavity to be trapezoidal, and the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity close to the tank body is less than the length of the bottom side away from the tank body, and when designing, making the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity inversely proportional to the impact force of the flying object, the protection effect can be further improved.

[0034] By setting the inner protective layer to be a corrugated structure, the corrugated structure is made of alloy steel, the outer protective layer is made of Kevlar or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, and the buffer liquid is water or shear thickening fluid, the protection effect can be further improved.

[0035] By setting that the soft protective layer further includes a pressure relief port, which is used to discharge the buffer liquid to the safe area according to the magnitude of the impact force when being impacted. In the actual application process, the soft protective layer can be reused multiple times without being replaced after one impact, having the advantages of cost savings and good protection effect.

[0036] By setting the hard protective layer to include a hard protective inner layer and a hard protective outer layer arranged on the hard protective inner layer, the hard protective inner layer includes several layers of honeycomb protective layers, and the inside of the honeycomb cells of at least one layer of the honeycomb protective layer is filled with aluminum foam; or it is composed of a protective inner layer and a protective outer layer arranged on the protective inner layer, the protective inner layer includes several layers of corrugated board layers, and corresponding to each layer of the corrugated board layer, there are several alternately arranged wave crests and wave troughs, and the wave crest of any one corrugated board layer is arranged opposite to the wave trough of the adjacent corrugated board layer. In the actual application process, by cooperating with the soft protective layer, the protection performance of the protection device can be effectively improved, so as to effectively cope with the impact of flying objects and / or the impact of explosion shock waves. Description of the Drawings

[0037] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device;

[0038] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the soft protective layer of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device;

[0039] Figure 3 is an application effect diagram of the soft protective layer of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device;

[0040] Figure 4It is a schematic structural diagram of a rigid protective layer of a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device in a specific embodiment;

[0041] Figure 5 is Figure 4 A partial enlarged structural diagram of the rigid protective layer shown at A;

[0042] Figure 6 is Figure 4 A cross-sectional structural diagram of the rigid protective inner layer of the rigid protective layer shown in a specific embodiment;

[0043] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of a rigid protective layer of a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device in another specific embodiment;

[0044] Figure 8 is Figure 7 A partial enlarged structural diagram of the rigid protective layer shown at B;

[0045] Figure 9 is Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of the corrugated plate layer of the rigid protective layer shown in a specific embodiment.

[0046] Explanation of reference numerals

[0047] 1, inner protective layer; 2, outer protective layer; 3, cavity; 4, tank body; 5, corrugated plate layer;

[0048] 6, wave crest; 7, wave trough; 8, wave crest plate; 9, wave trough plate; 10, hypotenuse. Specific embodiments

[0049] The following will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for the purpose of illustration and explanation of the embodiments of the present invention, and are not used to limit the embodiments of the present invention.

[0050] In the description of the present application, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, unless otherwise stated, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features; the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more. The term "comprising" and any deformation thereof mean non-exclusive inclusion, and may include one or more other features, units, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0051] In addition, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "coupled" shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0052] The first aspect of the present invention provides a protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, as Figure 1 shown. The protection device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank includes a tank body protective cover for protecting the tank body. The tank body protective cover includes a soft protective layer and a hard protective layer provided on the soft protective layer.

[0053] Among them, the soft protective layer includes an inner protective layer 1 and an outer protective layer 2 provided on the inner protective layer 1. A plurality of cavities 3 are surrounded between the inner protective layer 1 and the outer protective layer 2, and a buffer solution is filled in the cavities 3.

[0054] According to the above technical solution, based on the protection device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, by using the tank body protective cover including the soft protective layer and the hard protective layer to protect the tank body, in practical applications, the safety of the spherical tank can be effectively ensured, preventing flying objects from directly impacting the spherical tank and causing the spherical tank to be damaged, and having the advantages of simple operation, simple structure, high safety, and cost savings.

[0055] In the protection device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank of the present invention, preferably, the cross-section of the cavity 3 is trapezoidal, and the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity 3 close to the tank body 4 is less than the length of the bottom side away from the tank body 4.

[0056] In the present invention, as Figure 2As shown, by setting the cavity 3 to be trapezoidal, the protection performance of the soft protection layer can be effectively improved. Preferably, the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity 3 close to the tank body 4 is less than the length of the bottom side away from the tank body 4. More preferably, the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity 3 is set according to the protection requirements of the actual application scenario. Specifically, based on the installation position of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, according to the layout and risk level of the surrounding devices of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, and the local meteorological conditions, the risks it faces are quantitatively evaluated by using the numerical simulation method, and a quantitative evaluation result is obtained; then, according to the quantitative evaluation result, the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity 3 is determined. More specifically, the quantitative evaluation result includes the impact force of the splashes. The length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity 3 is inversely proportional to the impact force of the splashes, that is, the greater the impact force of the splashes, the smaller the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity 3, and vice versa, it can be appropriately enlarged to ensure the protection effect while saving costs. Further preferably, the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity 3 can also be further designed in combination with the hard protection layer. Among them, the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity 3 cannot be reduced without limit, and it is also necessary to ensure that there is enough buffer liquid inside the cavity 3. Preferably, the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity 3 is balanced with the buffer liquid inside the cavity 3 to optimize the protection effect and economic benefits.

[0057] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, the inner protection layer 1 is of a corrugated structure. More preferably, the corrugated structure is made of alloy steel. Refer to Figure 2 , by setting the inner protection layer 1 to be of a corrugated structure, the protection effect of the device can be effectively improved. Further, by setting the corrugated structure to be made of alloy steel with light weight, good weather resistance and corrosion resistance, the protection effect can be further ensured.

[0058] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, the outer protection layer 2 is made of Kevlar or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. In actual application, the protection performance of the soft protection layer can be further improved.

[0059] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, the buffer liquid is water or shear thickening fluid. In actual application, by filling the shear thickening fluid in the cavity 3 between the inner protection layer 1 and the outer protection layer 2, and further preferably setting that the soft protection layer further includes a pressure relief port for discharging the buffer liquid to a safe area according to the magnitude of the impact force when being impacted, the protection effect can be effectively improved, and the soft protection layer can be used multiple times without being replaced after one use, having the advantages of good protection effect and high economic benefits. Specifically, the principle of using the buffer liquid to play a buffering and protecting role is as Figure 3 shown.

[0060] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, as Figures 4 - 6 shown, the hard protection layer includes a hard protection inner layer and a hard protection outer layer provided on the hard protection inner layer. The hard protection inner layer includes several honeycomb protection layers, and the inside of the honeycomb cells of at least one of the honeycomb protection layers is filled with aluminum foam. In actual application, it can be effectively used in cooperation with the soft protection layer to improve the protection performance of the protection device.

[0061] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, the hard protection inner layer includes 2-5 honeycomb protection layers, preferably 3-4 layers, and most preferably 3 layers. In a further preferred embodiment, the honeycomb protection layer is made of any one of aluminum alloy, carbon steel, and stainless steel, and more preferably made of Q235 steel in carbon steel. Thus, in actual application, while ensuring the protection performance of the hard protection layer, the size of the hard protection layer can be within a suitable range, and thus it can be better applied to the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank. In a further preferred embodiment, the length and width of the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb protection layer are equal, and the height of the honeycomb cells of each honeycomb protection layer is the same. Thus, in actual application, the protection performance of the hard protection layer can be further effectively improved.

[0062] In another preferred embodiment, the hard protection outer layer is made of hardened case-hardened steel. In a further preferred embodiment, the thickness of the hard protection outer layer made of hardened case-hardened steel is 2-5 mm, preferably 3-4 mm, so as to effectively improve the protection performance of the hard protection layer.

[0063] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, the inside of the honeycomb cells of at least two of the honeycomb protection layers is filled with aluminum foam, and extending along the direction of the hard protection outer layer, the porosity of the aluminum foam filled in the inside of the honeycomb cells of several honeycomb protection layers increases in sequence. More preferably, the inside of the honeycomb cells of each honeycomb protection layer is filled with aluminum foam, and extending along the direction of the hard protection outer layer, the porosity of the aluminum foam filled in the inside of the honeycomb cells of several honeycomb protection layers increases in sequence. The porosity of the aluminum foam is preferably 40-80%, and more preferably 55-80%. Thus, the protection performance of the honeycomb protection layer can be further effectively improved.

[0064] In a specific embodiment, as Figure 5 and 6As shown, it extends along the direction of the hard protective outer layer. Preferably, the porosity of the aluminum foam filled inside the honeycomb cells of the third honeycomb protective layer is 55 - 62%, the porosity of the aluminum foam filled inside the honeycomb cells of the second honeycomb protective layer is 62 - 70%, and the porosity of the aluminum foam filled inside the honeycomb cells of the first honeycomb protective layer is 70 - 80%. Most preferably, the porosity of the aluminum foam filled inside the honeycomb cells of the third honeycomb protective layer is 60%, the porosity of the aluminum foam filled inside the honeycomb cells of the second honeycomb protective layer is 65%, and the porosity of the aluminum foam filled inside the honeycomb cells of the first honeycomb protective layer is 75%. Thus, in actual application, the protective performance of the honeycomb structure can be effectively improved, thereby improving the protective performance of the hard protective inner layer, and making the size of the hard protective layer within a suitable range, so as to be better applicable to the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank.

[0065] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, a ceramic layer is further provided between the hard protective inner layer and the hard protective outer layer. Thus, in actual application, the protective performance of the hard protective layer can be effectively improved by further providing the ceramic layer.

[0066] In a further preferred embodiment, the ceramic layer is made of any one of alumina ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics, and boron carbide ceramics, and the Vickers hardness of the ceramic ≥ 1500 Hv10, the flexural strength ≥ 350 MPa, and the fracture toughness ≥ 4.5 MPa·m 1 / 2 . Thus, in actual application, the protective performance of the hard protective layer can be further effectively improved, and the size of the hard protective layer is within a suitable range, so as to be better applicable to the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank.

[0067] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, it extends along the direction of the hard protective outer layer, and the thickness of the interlayer plate between adjacent honeycomb protective layers gradually decreases. Thus, in actual application, the protective performance of the hard protective layer can be further improved, and the size of the hard protective layer is within a suitable range, so as to be better applicable to the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, and it has the advantage of cost savings.

[0068] In a specific embodiment, such as Figure 5 and 6As shown, the rigid protective inner layer includes three layers of honeycomb protective layers, extending in the direction of the rigid protective outer layer. The thickness of the bottom plate of the third honeycomb protective layer is greater than the thickness of the interlayer plate between the third honeycomb protective layer and the second honeycomb protective layer, and the thickness of the interlayer plate between the third honeycomb protective layer and the second honeycomb protective layer is greater than the thickness of the interlayer plate between the second honeycomb protective layer and the first honeycomb protective layer. Specifically, the thickness of the bottom plate of the third honeycomb protective layer is preferably 4.5 - 5.5 mm, most preferably 5 mm; the thickness of the interlayer plate between the third honeycomb protective layer and the second honeycomb protective layer is preferably 2.5 - 3.5 mm, most preferably 3 mm; the thickness of the interlayer plate between the second honeycomb protective layer and the first honeycomb protective layer is preferably 1.5 - 2.5 mm, most preferably 2 mm. Thus, while ensuring the protective performance of the rigid protective layer, the size of the rigid protective layer is within a suitable range, so that it can be better applied to the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank. Among them, since the adjacent honeycomb protective layers are stacked, for the convenience of understanding the thickness of the interlayer plate between the adjacent honeycomb protective layers, it can be understood as the sum of the thicknesses after the bottom plate of the upper honeycomb protective layer and the top plate of the lower honeycomb protective layer are combined into one.

[0069] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, as Figures 7 - 9 shown, the rigid protective layer includes a protective inner layer and a protective outer layer provided on the protective inner layer. The protective inner layer includes several layers of corrugated plate layers 5. Corresponding to each layer of the corrugated plate layer 5, several alternating wave crests 6 and wave troughs 7 are included. The wave crest 6 of any one of the corrugated plate layers 5 is arranged opposite to the wave trough 7 of the adjacent corrugated plate layer 5. In actual application, it can be effectively used in cooperation with the soft protective layer to improve the protective performance of the protection device.

[0070] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, a protective filler is filled in the cavity formed by the relative arrangement between the wave crest 6 of any one of the corrugated plate layers 5 and the wave trough 7 of the adjacent corrugated plate layer 5. The protective filler is made of rigid foamed polyurethane. In actual application, the protective performance of the rigid protective layer can be further effectively improved.

[0071] In a further preferred embodiment, the closed cell rate of the rigid foamed polyurethane > 90%, the density > 40 kg / m 3 , the thermal conductivity > 0.02 W / (m·k), and the fire protection grade is B1. In actual application, the protective performance and the fireproof and heat-insulating performance of the rigid protective layer can be further effectively ensured. When any one of the parameter indexes of the closed cell rate, density, and thermal conductivity of the rigid foamed polyurethane does not meet the requirements, the protective effect will be reduced.

[0072] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, as Figure 9 shown, corresponding to the single-layer corrugated plate layer 5, the vertical height between the peak plate 8 of the corrugated plate layer 5 and the horizontal plane is 25-35 mm, more preferably 28-32 mm, and the thickness of the corrugated plate layer 5 is 1-10 mm, more preferably 2-8 mm; thereby further improving the protection performance of the hard protection layer in terms of structural design.

[0073] In a further preferred embodiment, the inner angle a between the peak plate 8 and / or the valley plate 9 of the corrugated plate layer 5 and the hypotenuse 10 is 100-150°, more preferably 110-130°, and most preferably 120°. Among them, when the inner angle a is 120°, the cross-section of the cavity formed by the relative arrangement between the peak 6 of any corrugated plate layer 5 and the valley 7 of the adjacent corrugated plate layer 5 is a regular hexagon, thereby effectively improving the protection performance of the hard protection layer. Further, the valley plate 9 and the peak plate 8 are arranged in parallel and have the same size, thereby further effectively improving the protection performance of the hard protection layer.

[0074] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, the inner protection layer includes 2-4 layers of corrugated plate layers, preferably 3 layers. The corrugated plate layer 5 is made of any one of ultra-hard aluminum alloy, high-strength titanium alloy, and carbon steel. Specifically, the carbon steel includes Q235 type steel and Q345 type steel, and the corrugated plate layer 5 is preferably made of Q345 type steel. Thus, in practical applications, while ensuring the protection performance of the hard protection layer, the size of the hard protection layer can be within a suitable range, so that it can be better applied to liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks.

[0075] In a further preferred embodiment, extending along the direction of the outer protection layer, the thicknesses of several layers of the corrugated plate layer 5 decrease in sequence, and the decrease value of the thickness is 1-3 mm. In a specific embodiment, as Figure 8As shown, when the inner protective layer includes three corrugated plate layers, the vertical height between the peak plate 8 of the corrugated plate layer 5 and the horizontal plane is 30 mm, and it further extends in the direction of the outer protective layer. The thickness of the third corrugated plate layer is 5 - 8 mm, the thickness of the second corrugated plate layer is 3 - 6 mm, and the thickness of the first corrugated plate layer is 2 - 4 mm. More specifically, the thickness of the third corrugated plate layer is 6 mm, the thickness of the second corrugated plate layer is 4 mm, and the thickness of the first corrugated plate layer is 2 mm, with a thickness reduction value of 2 mm. Thereby, the protective performance of the rigid protective layer can be further effectively improved and the cost can be saved. In another specific embodiment, the thickness of other corrugated plate layers can also be directly determined according to the thickness of the third corrugated plate layer (i.e., the first layer) and the thickness reduction value from the inside to the outside. Specifically, for example, if the thickness of the third corrugated plate layer is 5 - 8 mm and the thickness reduction value is 1 - 3 mm, when the thickness of the third corrugated plate layer is set to 6 mm and the thickness reduction value is 2 mm, the thicknesses of the second corrugated plate layer and the first corrugated plate layer can be determined to be 4 mm and 2 mm respectively.

[0076] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, vacuum brazing is used between adjacent corrugated plate layers 5. Specifically, as Figure 8 and 9 shown, the upper surface of the top of the peak plate 8 of the second corrugated plate layer is welded to the lower surface of the bottom of the valley plate 9 of the first corrugated plate layer by vacuum brazing, so as to avoid the deformation caused by uneven heating of the corrugated plate during welding by the traditional local melting welding method, thereby improving the stability and durability of the multi-layer corrugated plate layer.

[0077] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, as Figure 8 shown, the outer protective layer, i.e., the rigid anti-explosion and anti-impact layer, is made of hardened carburized steel. In a further preferred embodiment, the thickness of the outer protective layer made of hardened carburized steel is 2 - 5 mm, preferably 3 - 4 mm, thereby effectively improving the protective performance of the rigid protective layer.

[0078] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, a fireproof layer is coated on the outer surface of the rigid protection layer, and the fireproof layer is an intumescent steel structure fireproof coating. In actual application, by coating the fireproof coating on the outer surface of the rigid protection layer to form a fireproof layer, the fire resistance limit of the component can be improved and the rapid spread of fire can be blocked. Among them, the fireproof coating can be a thin-type (3-10 mm) steel structure fireproof coating or a thick-type (10-30 mm) steel structure fireproof coating. Specifically, for spherical tanks with a fire resistance limit requirement of more than 2.5 hours, a thick-type steel structure fireproof coating is used; for spherical tanks with a fire resistance limit requirement of no more than 2.5 hours, a thin-type steel structure fireproof coating is used. Among them, the fireproof principle of the fireproof coating is that the coating slowly expands and foams under the action of fire to form a dense and hard fireproof and heat-insulating layer, delaying the rise of the temperature of the internal steel.

[0079] The second aspect of the present invention provides a design method for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device, which is applied to the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device, and the design method includes:

[0080] Based on the installation position of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, quantitatively evaluate the risks it faces and obtain the quantitative evaluation results;

[0081] Design a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to the quantitative evaluation results.

[0082] In a preferred embodiment, the quantitative evaluation of the risks it faces specifically includes:

[0083] According to the layout and risk level of the devices around the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank and the local meteorological conditions, use the numerical simulation method to quantitatively evaluate the risks it faces.

[0084] In another preferred embodiment, the design of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to the quantitative evaluation results specifically includes:

[0085] Design a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to the maximum value of the impact force of the splashes in the quantitative evaluation results.

[0086] In the design method of the present invention, based on the maximum value of the impact force of the splashes in the quantitative evaluation results, in actual application, the soft protection layer and the rigid protection layer of the tank body protection cover can be designed quickly and accurately, so as to ensure the protection performance of the protection device while reducing the modification difficulty of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, thereby saving costs.

[0087] Further aiming at the design of the honeycomb protection layer, in a specific embodiment, the design of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to the maximum value of the impact force of the splashes in the quantitative evaluation results specifically includes:

[0088] The dimensions of the length and / or width of the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb protection layer satisfy:

[0089] y = 1.6667x 3 -10x 2 -1.6667x + 130

[0090] where x is the layer level of the honeycomb protection layer, and y is the dimension of the length and / or width of the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb protection layer corresponding to the layer level of the honeycomb protection layer, with the unit of mm.

[0091] Further, in a more specific embodiment, the length and width of the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb protection layer are equal, and the height of the honeycomb cells of each layer of the honeycomb protection layer is the same. More specifically, as Figure 5 and 6 shown, the length and width of the honeycomb cells of the first honeycomb protection layer are preferably 110 - 130 mm, and the height is preferably 20 - 40 mm; most preferably, the length and width are both 120 mm, and the height is 30 mm. The length and width of the honeycomb cells of the second honeycomb protection layer are preferably 90 - 110 mm, and the height is preferably 20 - 40 mm; most preferably, the length and width are both 100 mm, and the height is 30 mm. The length and width of the honeycomb cells of the third honeycomb protection layer are preferably 70 - 90 mm, and the height is preferably 20 - 40 mm; most preferably, the length and width are both 80 mm, and the height is 30 mm. Thus, in practical applications, the protection performance of the hard protection layer can be greatly improved.

[0092] The present invention will be described in detail below through embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0093] Embodiment 1

[0094] Based on the installation position of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, according to the layout and risk level of the devices around the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, as well as the local meteorological conditions, the numerical simulation method is used to quantitatively evaluate the potential risks it faces, and the quantitative evaluation results are obtained. Specifically, in the explosion accident, the maximum mass of the flying debris that the spherical tank may suffer is 25 kg, and the flying speed is 45 m / s; the peak pressure of the explosion shock wave is 69 kPa, and the positive pressure acting time is 20 ms.

[0095] Adopt as Figures 1 - 3The implementation of the protective device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank is as follows. Specifically, the protective device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank includes a tank body protective cover for protecting the tank body. The tank body protective cover includes a soft protective layer and a hard protective layer provided on the soft protective layer. Among them, the soft protective layer includes an inner protective layer 1 and an outer protective layer 2 provided on the inner protective layer 1. A number of cavities 3 are enclosed between the inner protective layer 1 and the outer protective layer 2, and a buffer liquid is filled in the cavities 3. The outer surface of the hard protective layer is coated with a fireproof layer, and the fireproof layer is an intumescent steel structure fireproof coating.

[0096] In the actual application process, the tank body protective cover is installed on the tank body in a semi-covered manner.

[0097] After testing, by using the protective device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank of the present invention, the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank can be effectively protected, and it has the advantages of good protection effect and good economic benefit.

[0098] Example 2

[0099] Implemented with reference to Example 1. The difference is that further refer to Figures 4 - 6 , the cross-section of the cavity 3 is trapezoidal, and the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity 3 close to the tank body 4 is less than the length of the bottom side away from the tank body 4.

[0100] After testing, by using the protective device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank of the present invention, the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank can be effectively protected, and it has the advantages of better protection effect and better economic benefit.

[0101] Example 3

[0102] Implemented with reference to Example 2. The difference is that the inner protective layer 1 is of a corrugated structure, the corrugated structure is made of alloy steel, the outer protective layer 2 is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, and the buffer liquid is a shear thickening fluid.

[0103] After testing, by using the protective device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank of the present invention, the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank can be effectively protected, and it has the advantages of better protection effect and better economic benefit.

[0104] Example 4

[0105] Implemented with reference to Example 3. The difference is that the soft protective layer further includes a pressure relief port for discharging the buffer liquid to a safe area according to the magnitude of the impact force when being impacted.

[0106] After testing, by using the protective device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank of the present invention, the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank can be effectively protected, and it has the advantages of better protection effect and better economic benefit.

[0107] Example 5

[0108] Implemented with reference to Example 4, with the difference that the hard protective layer includes a hard protective inner layer and a hard protective outer layer provided on the hard protective inner layer. The hard protective inner layer includes several layers of honeycomb protective layers, and the inside of the honeycomb cells of at least one of the honeycomb protective layers is filled with aluminum foam; the hard protective inner layer includes 3 layers of honeycomb protective layers; the honeycomb protective layers are made of carbon steel; the hard protective outer layer is made of hardened case-hardened steel with a thickness of 3 mm; extending along the direction of the hard protective outer layer, the thickness of the interlayer board between adjacent honeycomb protective layers gradually decreases; the length and width of the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb protective layer are equal, and the height of the honeycomb cells of each honeycomb protective layer is the same.

[0109] Specifically, extending along the direction of the hard protective outer layer, the length and width of the honeycomb cells of the third honeycomb protective layer are both 80 mm, and the height is 30 mm; the length and width of the honeycomb cells of the second honeycomb protective layer are both 100 mm, and the height is 30 mm; the length and width of the honeycomb cells of the first honeycomb protective layer are both 120 mm, and the height is 30 mm;

[0110] After testing, the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, and has the advantages of better protection effect and better economic benefit.

[0111] Example 6

[0112] Implemented with reference to Example 5, with the difference that the inside of the honeycomb cells of each honeycomb protective layer is filled with aluminum foam. Extending along the direction of the hard protective outer layer, the porosity of the aluminum foam filled in the inside of the honeycomb cells of several honeycomb protective layers increases in sequence, wherein the porosity of the aluminum foam is 40-80%.

[0113] After testing, the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, and has the advantages of better protection effect and better economic benefit.

[0114] Example 7

[0115] Implemented with reference to Example 6, with the difference that a ceramic layer is further provided between the hard protective inner layer and the hard protective outer layer. The ceramic layer is made of alumina ceramic, and the Vickers hardness of the ceramic ≥1500 Hv10, the flexural strength ≥350 MPa, and the fracture toughness ≥4.5 MPa·m 1 / 2 .

[0116] After testing, the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, and has the advantages of better protection effect and better economic benefit.

[0117] Example 8

[0118] It is implemented with reference to Example 4, and the difference is that further reference is made to Figures 7 - 9 , the hard protective layer includes a protective inner layer and a protective outer layer provided on the protective inner layer. The protective inner layer includes several corrugated plate layers 5. Corresponding to each corrugated plate layer 5, there are several alternately arranged wave crests 6 and wave troughs 7. The wave crest 6 of any corrugated plate layer 5 is oppositely arranged with the wave trough 7 of the adjacent corrugated plate layer 5; the protective inner layer includes 3 corrugated plate layers; the adjacent corrugated plate layers 5 are vacuum brazed; the corrugated plate layer 5 is made of carbon steel, and the protective outer layer is made of hardened carburized steel with a thickness of 3 mm.

[0119] After testing, the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, and has the advantages of better protection effect and better economic benefits.

[0120] Example 9

[0121] It is implemented with reference to Example 8, and the difference is that the cavity formed by the opposite arrangement of the wave crest 6 of any corrugated plate layer 5 and the wave trough 7 of the adjacent corrugated plate layer 5 is filled with a protective filler. The protective filler is made of rigid foamed polyurethane, and the closed cell rate of the rigid foamed polyurethane > 90%, the density > 40 kg / m 3 , the thermal conductivity > 0.02 W / (m·k), and the fire protection grade is B1.

[0122] After testing, the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, and has the advantages of better protection effect and better economic benefits.

[0123] Example 10

[0124] It is implemented with reference to Example 9, and the difference is that the vertical height between the wave crest plate 8 of the corrugated plate 5 and the horizontal plane is 25 - 35 mm, the thickness of the corrugated plate layer 5 is 1 - 10 mm, the inner angle a between the wave crest plate 8 and / or the wave trough plate 9 of the corrugated plate layer 5 and the hypotenuse 10 is 100 - 150°, and the wave trough plate 9 and the wave crest plate 8 are of the same size; extending along the direction of the protective outer layer, the thicknesses of several corrugated plate layers 5 gradually decrease, and the decrease value of the thickness is 1 - 3 mm.

[0125] Specifically, the vertical height between the peak plate 8 of the corrugated plate layer 5 and the horizontal plane is 30 mm, the thickness of the third corrugated plate layer is 6 mm, the thickness of the second corrugated plate layer is 4 mm, the thickness of the first corrugated plate layer is 2 mm, and the thickness reduction value is 2 mm. The internal angle a between the peak plate 8 and the trough plate 9 of the corrugated plate layer 5 and the hypotenuse 10 is 120°.

[0126] After testing, the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device described in the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, and has the advantages of better protection effect and better economic benefit.

[0127] The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device provided by the present invention protects the tank body by using the tank body protective cover including the soft protective layer and the hard protective layer. In actual application, it can effectively ensure the safety of the spherical tank, prevent the flying objects from directly impacting the spherical tank and causing the spherical tank to be damaged, and has the advantages of simple operation, simple structure, high safety and cost saving.

[0128] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not separately describe various possible combinations. But these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A protective device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, characterized in that, The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device includes a tank body protective cover for protecting the tank body. The tank body protective cover includes a soft protective layer and a hard protective layer provided on the soft protective layer. Among them, the soft protective layer includes an inner protective layer (1) and an outer protective layer (2) provided on the inner protective layer (1). A number of cavities (3) are enclosed between the inner protective layer (1) and the outer protective layer (2), and a buffer liquid is filled in the cavities (3).

2. The protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 1, wherein, The cross-section of the cavity (3) is trapezoidal, and the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity (3) close to the tank body (4) is less than the length of the bottom side away from the tank body (4).

3. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that The inner protective layer (1) is of a corrugated structure, and the corrugated structure is made of alloy steel.

4. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The outer protective layer (2) is made of Kevlar or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

5. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that The buffer liquid is water or a shear thickening fluid.

6. The protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The soft protective layer further includes a pressure relief port for discharging the buffer liquid to a safe area according to the magnitude of the impact force when being impacted.

7. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 1, wherein, The hard protective layer includes a hard protective inner layer and a hard protective outer layer provided on the hard protective inner layer. The hard protective inner layer includes several layers of honeycomb protective layers, and at least one layer of the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb protective layer is filled with aluminum foam.

8. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that The honeycomb cells of each layer of the honeycomb protective layer are filled with aluminum foam and extend along the direction of the hard protective outer layer. The porosity of the aluminum foam filled in the honeycomb cells of several layers of the honeycomb protective layer increases in sequence. Among them, the porosity of the aluminum foam is 40-80%.

9. The protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, A ceramic layer is further provided between the hard protective inner layer and the hard protective outer layer. The ceramic layer is made of any one of alumina ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics, and boron carbide ceramics, and the Vickers hardness of the ceramic is ≥1500 Hv10, the flexural strength is ≥350 MPa, and the fracture toughness is ≥4.5 MPa·m 1 / 2 .

10. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, Extending along the direction of the hard protective outer layer, the thickness of the interlayer board between adjacent honeycomb protective layers gradually decreases.

11. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The hard protective inner layer includes 2-5 layers of honeycomb protective layers; the honeycomb protective layer is made of any one of aluminum alloy, carbon steel and stainless steel; the hard protective outer layer is made of hardened case-hardened steel and has a thickness of 2-5 mm.

12. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The length and width of the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb protective layer are equal, and the height of the honeycomb cells of each layer of the honeycomb protective layer is the same.

13. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that The hard protective layer includes a protective inner layer and a protective outer layer provided on the protective inner layer. The protective inner layer includes several layers of corrugated board layers (5). Corresponding to each layer of the corrugated board layer (5), several crests (6) and troughs (7) are arranged in an alternating manner. The crest (6) of any corrugated board layer (5) is arranged opposite to the trough (7) of the adjacent corrugated board layer (5).

14. The protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 13, wherein, A cavity formed by oppositely arranging the peaks (6) of any one of the corrugated plate layers (5) and the valleys (7) of the adjacent corrugated plate layers (5) is filled with a protective filler. The protective filler is made of rigid polyurethane foam. The closed cell rate of the rigid polyurethane foam is > 90%, the density > 40 kg / m 3 , the thermal conductivity > 0.02 W / (m·K), and the fire rating is B1 level.

15. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, The vertical height between the crest board (8) of the corrugated board layer (5) and the horizontal plane is 25-35 mm, the thickness of the corrugated board layer (5) is 1-10 mm, the inner angle a between the crest board (8) and / or the trough board (9) of the corrugated board layer (5) and the hypotenuse (10) is 100-150°, and the trough board (9) and the crest board (8) are of the same size.

16. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that The protective inner layer includes 2-4 layers of corrugated board layers; extending along the direction of the protective outer layer, the thicknesses of several layers of the corrugated board layers (5) gradually decrease, and the decrease value of the thickness is 1-3 mm.

17. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 13, characterized in that, Vacuum brazing is used between the adjacent corrugated plate layers (5); the corrugated plate layer (5) is made of any one of superhard aluminum alloy, high-strength titanium alloy and carbon steel, and the protective outer layer is made of hardened carburized steel with a thickness of 2-5 mm.

18. The protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, A fireproof layer is coated on the outer surface of the hard protective layer, and the fireproof layer is an intumescent steel structure fireproof coating.

19. A design method for a protective device of a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, characterized in that, Applied to the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device described in any one of the above claims 1-18, the design method includes: Based on the installation position of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, quantitatively evaluate the risks it faces and obtain the quantitative evaluation results; Design the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to the quantitative evaluation results.

20. The design method of the protection device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 19, wherein, The quantitative evaluation of the risks it faces specifically includes: According to the layout and risk level of the devices around the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank and the local meteorological conditions, use the numerical simulation method to quantitatively evaluate the risks it faces.

21. The design method of the protection device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 19, wherein, The design of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to the quantitative evaluation results specifically includes: Design the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to the maximum value of the impact force of the splashes in the quantitative evaluation results.

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