Liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device and design method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of spherical tank protection, in particular to a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device and a design method thereof.The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device comprises a tank body protection cover used for protecting a tank body, and the tank body protection cover comprises a soft protection layer and a hard protection layer arranged on the soft protection layer; the soft protective layer comprises an inner protective layer and an outer protective layer arranged on the inner protective layer, a plurality of cavities are formed between the inner protective layer and the outer protective layer in a surrounding mode, and the cavities are filled with buffer solutions. According to the protective device, the tank body protective cover comprising the soft protective layer and the hard protective layer is adopted to protect the tank body, in practical application, the safety of the spherical tank can be effectively guaranteed, splashing objects are prevented from directly impacting the spherical tank, the spherical tank is prevented from being damaged, and the protective device has the advantages of being easy and convenient to operate, simple in structure, high in safety and capable of saving cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of spherical tank protection, and particularly relates to a protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank and a design method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a thin-shell structure, the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank has many advantages such as large capacity, low cost, and good stability, so it is widely used in petrochemical enterprises and chemical industrial parks. However, under the action of a combustible vapor cloud explosion or the impact of flying objects, the thin-walled steel storage tank is extremely prone to large plastic deformation or penetration damage, which will lead to the leakage of internal combustible substances and cause secondary explosions and even a chain domino effect.

[0003] At present, existing relevant domestic and foreign standards and specifications have not proposed effective measures for the anti-explosion and anti-impact protection of the spherical tank body. Therefore, for the protection of spherical tanks, the more common methods usually involve masonry walls or the installation of concrete protective plates to place the spherical tank in a safe environment to ensure its safety. However, these methods are only applicable to some small spherical tanks and are difficult to apply to large-size and high-back-pressure spherical tanks. Moreover, they have the disadvantages of complex implementation and high cost. Even in some cases where the application site is limited, the above methods cannot be used to protect the spherical tank.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank and a design method thereof to comprehensively improve the anti-explosion and anti-impact protection performance of the spherical tank. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of the lack of effective protection devices for the protection of spherical tanks, especially for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks, in the prior art, and to provide a protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank and a design method thereof.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, in the first aspect of the present invention, a protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank is provided, and the protection device includes:

[0007] A tank body protective cover for protecting the tank body. The tank body protective cover includes a soft protective layer and a hard protective layer provided on the soft protective layer. The soft protective layer includes an inner protective layer and an outer protective layer provided on the inner protective layer. A plurality of cavities are defined between the inner protective layer and the outer protective layer, and a buffer liquid is filled in the cavities.

[0008] Preferably, the cross-section of the cavity is trapezoidal, and the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity close to the tank body is less than the length of the bottom side away from the tank body.

[0009] Preferably, the inner protective layer is a corrugated structure, and the corrugated structure is made of alloy steel.

[0010] Preferably, the outer protective layer is made of Kevlar or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

[0011] Preferably, the buffer is water or a shear thickening fluid.

[0012] Preferably, the soft protective layer further comprises a pressure relief port for discharging the buffer solution to a safe area according to the magnitude of the impact force when impacted.

[0013] Preferably, the hard protective layer comprises a hard protective inner layer and a hard protective outer layer arranged on the hard protective inner layer, the hard protective inner layer comprises several layers of honeycomb protective layers, and the interior of the honeycomb cells of at least one layer of the honeycomb protective layer is filled with foamed aluminum.

[0014] Preferably, the interior of the honeycomb cells of each layer of the honeycomb protective layer is filled with foam aluminum, extending in the direction of the hard protective outer layer, and the porosity of the foam aluminum filled in the honeycomb cells of several layers of the honeycomb protective layer becomes larger successively, wherein the porosity of the foam aluminum is 40-80%.

[0015] Preferably, a ceramic layer is further provided between the hard protective inner layer and the hard protective outer layer, and the ceramic layer is made of any one of alumina ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics and boron carbide ceramics, and the Vickers hardness of the ceramic is ≥1500Hv10, the bending strength is ≥350MPa and the fracture toughness is ≥4.5MPa·m 1 / 2 .

[0016] Preferably, extending along the direction of the hard protective outer layer, the thickness of the interlayer plates between adjacent honeycomb protective layers gradually decreases.

[0017] Preferably, the hard protective inner layer includes 2-5 layers of honeycomb protective layers; the honeycomb protective layers are made of any one of aluminum alloy, carbon steel and stainless steel; the hard protective outer layer is made of hardened carburized steel with a thickness of 2-5 mm.

[0018] Preferably, the length and width of the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb protective layer are equal, and the height of the honeycomb cells of each layer of the honeycomb protective layer is the same.

[0019] Preferably, the hard protective layer includes a protective inner layer and a protective outer layer arranged on the protective inner layer, the protective inner layer includes several layers of corrugated board layers, each of the corrugated board layers includes several staggered peaks and troughs, and the peaks of any corrugated board layer are arranged relative to the troughs of the adjacent corrugated board layer.

[0020] Preferably, a cavity formed by opposingly disposing the peak of any one corrugated board layer and the valley of an adjacent corrugated board layer is filled with a protective filler made of rigid foamed polyurethane. The closed cell ratio of the rigid foamed polyurethane is > 90%, the density is > 40 kg / m 3 , the thermal conductivity is > 0.02 W / (m·K), and the fire rating is B1 level.

[0021] Preferably, the vertical height between the peak board of the corrugated board layer and the horizontal plane is 25 - 35 mm, the thickness of the corrugated board layer is 1 - 10 mm, the inner angle a between the peak board and / or valley board of the corrugated board layer and the hypotenuse is 100 - 150°, and the valley board and the peak board are of the same size.

[0022] Preferably, the protective inner layer includes 2 - 4 layers of corrugated board layers; extending in the direction of the protective outer layer, the thicknesses of several layers of the corrugated board layers gradually decrease, and the decrease value of the thickness is 1 - 3 mm.

[0023] Preferably, adjacent corrugated board layers are joined by vacuum brazing; the corrugated board layer is made of any one of superhard aluminum alloy, high-strength titanium alloy, and carbon steel, and the protective outer layer is made of hardened case-hardened steel with a thickness of 2 - 5 mm.

[0024] Preferably, the outer surface of the rigid protective layer is coated with a fireproof layer, and the fireproof layer is an intumescent steel structure fireproof coating.

[0025] Preferably, it further includes a spherical tank support column protection structure for protecting the support column of the spherical tank.

[0026] Preferably, the spherical tank support column protection structure is a star-shaped plate made of alloy steel.

[0027] Preferably, the spherical tank support column protection structure includes a buffer layer and a protective shell disposed on the buffer layer. The buffer layer is made of foam aluminum or rigid rubber, and the protective shell is made of alloy steel.

[0028] Preferably, the spherical tank support column protection structure includes a star-shaped plate and a protective shell disposed on the star-shaped plate. A buffer cavity between the star-shaped plate and the protective shell is filled with a buffer material. Both the star-shaped plate and the protective shell are made of alloy steel, and the buffer material is foam aluminum or rigid rubber.

[0029] Preferably, it further includes a woven mesh for protecting the support column of the spherical tank.

[0030] Preferably, the woven mesh is made of a polymer material or a light alloy. The diameter of a single strand of the woven mesh is 0.5 - 3 mm, and the length and width of the mesh openings of the woven mesh are both 2 - 12 cm.

[0031] The second aspect of the present invention provides a design method for a protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, which is applied to the protection device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank. The design method includes:

[0032] Based on the installation location of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, quantitatively evaluate the risks it faces and obtain the quantitative evaluation results;

[0033] Design a protection device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to the quantitative evaluation results.

[0034] Preferably, the quantitative evaluation of the risks it faces specifically includes:

[0035] According to the layout and risk levels of the devices around the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank and the local meteorological conditions, use the numerical simulation method to quantitatively evaluate the risks it faces.

[0036] Preferably, the design of the protection device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to the quantitative evaluation results specifically includes:

[0037] Design a protection device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to the maximum value of the impact force of the splashes in the quantitative evaluation results.

[0038] According to the above technical solution, based on the protection device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, by using the tank body protective cover including a soft protective layer and a hard protective layer to protect the tank body, in actual application, the safety of the spherical tank can be effectively guaranteed, preventing splashes from directly impacting the spherical tank and causing the spherical tank to be damaged, and having the advantages of simple operation, simple structure, high safety and cost savings.

[0039] At the same time, by setting the cross-section of the cavity to be trapezoidal, and the length of the bottom edge of the trapezoidal cavity close to the tank body is less than the length of the bottom edge away from the tank body, and designing the bottom edge length of the trapezoidal cavity to be inversely proportional to the impact force of the splashes, the protection effect can be further improved.

[0040] By setting the inner protective layer to be a corrugated structure, the corrugated structure is made of alloy steel, the outer protective layer is made of Kevlar or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, and the buffer liquid is water or shear thickening fluid, the protection effect can be further improved.

[0041] By setting the soft protective layer to further include a pressure relief port, which is used to discharge the buffer liquid to the safe area according to the magnitude of the impact force when being impacted. In the actual application process, the soft protective layer can be reused multiple times without being replaced after one impact, and has the advantages of cost savings and good protection effect.

[0042] By setting the hard protective layer to include a hard protective inner layer and a hard protective outer layer provided on the hard protective inner layer, the hard protective inner layer includes several layers of honeycomb protective layers, and the inside of the honeycomb cells of at least one of the honeycomb protective layers is filled with aluminum foam; or it includes a protective inner layer and a protective outer layer provided on the protective inner layer, the protective inner layer includes several layers of corrugated plate layers, and corresponding to each layer of the corrugated plate layer, there are several alternately arranged wave crests and wave troughs, and the wave crest of any one corrugated plate layer is arranged opposite to the wave trough of the adjacent corrugated plate layer. In the actual application process, by cooperating with the soft protective layer, the protective performance of the protective device can be effectively improved, so as to effectively cope with the impact of flying objects and / or the impact of explosion shock waves.

[0043] By setting that the protective device further includes a spherical tank support column protection structure for protecting the support column of the spherical tank, the spherical tank can be further protected by protecting the support column of the spherical tank, so as to achieve all-round protection of the spherical tank and prevent the support column of the spherical tank from bending or breaking, resulting in the collapse of the tank body.

[0044] By setting that it further includes a woven mesh for protecting the support column of the spherical tank, the vulnerable impact areas of the support column of the spherical tank can be further protected, so as to achieve all-round and effective protection of the spherical tank and prevent the support column of the spherical tank from bending or breaking, resulting in the collapse of the tank body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device;

[0046] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the soft protective layer of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device;

[0047] Figure 3 is an application effect diagram of the soft protective layer of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device;

[0048] Figure 4 is a schematic structure diagram of the hard protective layer of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device in a specific embodiment;

[0049] Figure 5 is Figure 4 a partial enlarged structure diagram of the hard protective layer shown at A;

[0050] Figure 6 is Figure 4 a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the hard protective inner layer of the hard protective layer shown in a specific embodiment;

[0051] Figure 7 is a schematic structure diagram of the hard protective layer of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device in another specific embodiment;

[0052] Figure 8 is Figure 7 The partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of the rigid protective layer shown at B;

[0053] Figure 9 is Figure 7 The structural schematic diagram of the corrugated plate layer of the rigid protective layer in a specific embodiment;

[0054] Figure 10 The structural schematic diagram of the protective structure of the spherical tank support column of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device in a specific embodiment;

[0055] Figure 11 The structural schematic diagram of the protective structure of the spherical tank support column of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device in another specific embodiment;

[0056] Figure 12 The structural schematic diagram of the protective structure of the spherical tank support column of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device in another specific embodiment.

[0057] Explanation of the reference numerals

[0058] 1, inner protective layer; 2, outer protective layer; 3, cavity; 4, tank body; 5, corrugated plate layer;

[0059] 6, wave crest; 7, wave trough; 8, wave crest plate; 9, wave trough plate; 10, hypotenuse. Specific embodiments

[0060] The following will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining and illustrating the embodiments of the present invention, and are not used to limit the embodiments of the present invention.

[0061] In the description of the present application, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, unless otherwise specified, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features; the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more. The term "comprising" and any deformation thereof mean non-exclusive inclusion, and may include one or more other features, units, components and / or their combinations.

[0062] In addition, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "install", "connect", and "couple" shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0063] The first aspect of the present invention provides a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device, as Figure 1 shown, the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device includes:

[0064] A tank body protective cover for protecting the tank body. The tank body protective cover includes a soft protective layer and a hard protective layer provided on the soft protective layer. The soft protective layer includes an inner protective layer 1 and an outer protective layer 2 provided on the inner protective layer 1. A plurality of cavities 3 are surrounded between the inner protective layer 1 and the outer protective layer 2, and a buffer solution is filled in the cavities 3.

[0065] According to the above technical solution, based on the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device, by using the tank body protective cover including the soft protective layer and the hard protective layer to protect the tank body, in practical applications, the safety of the spherical tank can be effectively ensured, preventing flying objects from directly impacting the spherical tank and causing the spherical tank to be damaged. It has the advantages of simple operation, simple structure, high safety, and cost savings.

[0066] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, the cross-section of the cavity 3 is trapezoidal, and the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity 3 close to the tank body 4 is less than the length of the bottom side away from the tank body 4.

[0067] In the present invention, as Figure 2As shown, by setting the cavity 3 to be trapezoidal, the protection performance of the soft protection layer can be effectively improved. Preferably, the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity 3 close to the tank body 4 is less than the length of the bottom side away from the tank body 4. More preferably, the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity 3 is set according to the protection requirements of the actual application scenario. Specifically, based on the installation position of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, according to the layout and risk level of the surrounding devices of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, and the local meteorological conditions, the risks it faces are quantitatively evaluated by numerical simulation method, and a quantitative evaluation result is obtained; then, according to the quantitative evaluation result, the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity 3 is determined. More specifically, the quantitative evaluation result includes the impact force of the splashes. The length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity 3 is inversely proportional to the impact force of the splashes, that is, the greater the impact force of the splashes, the smaller the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity 3, and vice versa, it can be appropriately enlarged to ensure the protection effect while saving costs. Further preferably, the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity 3 can also be further designed in combination with the hard protection layer. Among them, the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity 3 cannot be reduced without limit, and it is also necessary to ensure that there is enough buffer liquid inside the cavity 3. Preferably, the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity 3 is balanced with the buffer liquid inside the cavity 3 to achieve the optimization of the protection effect and economic benefits.

[0068] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, the inner protection layer 1 is of a corrugated structure. More preferably, the corrugated structure is made of alloy steel. Refer to Figure 2 , by setting the inner protection layer 1 to be of a corrugated structure, the protection effect of the device can be effectively improved. Further, by setting the corrugated structure to be made of alloy steel with light weight, good weather resistance and corrosion resistance, the protection effect can be further ensured.

[0069] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, the outer protection layer 2 is made of Kevlar or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. In actual application, the protection performance of the soft protection layer can be further improved.

[0070] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, the buffer liquid is water or shear thickening fluid. In actual application, by filling the shear thickening fluid in the cavity 3 between the inner protection layer 1 and the outer protection layer 2, and further preferably setting that the soft protection layer further includes a pressure relief port for discharging the buffer liquid to the safe area according to the size of the impact force when being impacted, the protection effect can be effectively improved, and the soft protection layer can be used multiple times without being replaced after each use, having the advantages of good protection effect and high economic benefits. Specifically, the principle of using the buffer liquid to play a buffering and protecting role is as Figure 3 shown.

[0071] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, as Figures 4 - 6 shown, the hard protection layer includes a hard protection inner layer and a hard protection outer layer provided on the hard protection inner layer. The hard protection inner layer includes several honeycomb protection layers, and the inside of the honeycomb cells of at least one of the honeycomb protection layers is filled with aluminum foam. In actual application, it can be effectively used in cooperation with the soft protection layer to improve the protection performance of the protection device.

[0072] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, the hard protection inner layer includes 2 - 5 honeycomb protection layers, preferably 3 - 4 layers, and most preferably 3 layers. In a further preferred embodiment, the honeycomb protection layer is made of any one of aluminum alloy, carbon steel, and stainless steel, and more preferably made of Q235 steel in carbon steel. Thus, in actual application, while ensuring the protection performance of the hard protection layer, the size of the hard protection layer can be within a suitable range, and thus it can be better applied to the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank. In a further preferred embodiment, the length and width of the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb protection layer are equal, and the height of the honeycomb cells of each honeycomb protection layer is the same. Thus, in actual application, the protection performance of the hard protection layer can be further effectively improved.

[0073] In another preferred embodiment, the hard protection outer layer is made of hardened case - hardened steel. In a further preferred embodiment, the thickness of the hard protection outer layer made of hardened case - hardened steel is 2 - 5 mm, preferably 3 - 4 mm, so as to effectively improve the protection performance of the hard protection layer.

[0074] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, the inside of the honeycomb cells of at least two honeycomb protection layers is filled with aluminum foam. Extending along the direction of the hard protection outer layer, the porosity of the aluminum foam filled in the inside of the honeycomb cells of several honeycomb protection layers increases in sequence. More preferably, the inside of the honeycomb cells of each honeycomb protection layer is filled with aluminum foam. Extending along the direction of the hard protection outer layer, the porosity of the aluminum foam filled in the inside of the honeycomb cells of several honeycomb protection layers increases in sequence. The porosity of the aluminum foam is preferably 40 - 80%, and more preferably 55 - 80%. Thus, the protection performance of the honeycomb protection layer can be further effectively improved.

[0075] In a specific embodiment, as Figure 5 and 6As shown, it extends along the direction of the hard protective outer layer. Preferably, the porosity of the aluminum foam filled inside the honeycomb cells of the third honeycomb protective layer is 55 - 62%, the porosity of the aluminum foam filled inside the honeycomb cells of the second honeycomb protective layer is 62 - 70%, and the porosity of the aluminum foam filled inside the honeycomb cells of the first honeycomb protective layer is 70 - 80%. Most preferably, the porosity of the aluminum foam filled inside the honeycomb cells of the third honeycomb protective layer is 60%, the porosity of the aluminum foam filled inside the honeycomb cells of the second honeycomb protective layer is 65%, and the porosity of the aluminum foam filled inside the honeycomb cells of the first honeycomb protective layer is 75%. Thus, in practical applications, the protective performance of the honeycomb structure can be effectively improved, and then the protective performance of the hard protective inner layer can be improved, and the size of the hard protective layer is within a suitable range, so that it can be better applied to the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank.

[0076] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, a ceramic layer is further provided between the hard protective inner layer and the hard protective outer layer. Thus, in practical applications, the protective performance of the hard protective layer can be effectively improved by further providing the ceramic layer.

[0077] In a further preferred embodiment, the ceramic layer is made of any one of alumina ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics, and boron carbide ceramics, and the Vickers hardness of the ceramic ≥ 1500 Hv10, the flexural strength ≥ 350 MPa, and the fracture toughness ≥ 4.5 MPa·m 1 / 2 . Thus, in practical applications, the protective performance of the hard protective layer can be further effectively improved, and the size of the hard protective layer is within a suitable range, so that it can be better applied to the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank.

[0078] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, it extends along the direction of the hard protective outer layer, and the thickness of the interlayer plate between adjacent honeycomb protective layers gradually decreases. Thus, in practical applications, the protective performance of the hard protective layer can be further improved, and the size of the hard protective layer is within a suitable range, so that it can be better applied to the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, and it has the advantage of cost savings.

[0079] In a specific embodiment, such as Figure 5 and 6As shown, the rigid protection inner layer includes three honeycomb protection layers, extending in the direction of the rigid protection outer layer. The thickness of the bottom plate of the third honeycomb protection layer is greater than the thickness of the interlayer plate between the third honeycomb protection layer and the second honeycomb protection layer, and the thickness of the interlayer plate between the third honeycomb protection layer and the second honeycomb protection layer is greater than the thickness of the interlayer plate between the second honeycomb protection layer and the first honeycomb protection layer. Specifically, the thickness of the bottom plate of the third honeycomb protection layer is preferably 4.5 - 5.5 mm, most preferably 5 mm; the thickness of the interlayer plate between the third honeycomb protection layer and the second honeycomb protection layer is preferably 2.5 - 3.5 mm, most preferably 3 mm; the thickness of the interlayer plate between the second honeycomb protection layer and the first honeycomb protection layer is preferably 1.5 - 2.5 mm, most preferably 2 mm. Thus, while ensuring the protection performance of the rigid protection layer, the size of the rigid protection layer is within a suitable range, so that it can be better applied to the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank. Among them, since the adjacent honeycomb protection layers are stacked, for the convenience of understanding the thickness of the interlayer plate between the adjacent honeycomb protection layers, it can be understood as the sum of the thicknesses after the bottom plate of the honeycomb protection layer above and the top plate of the honeycomb protection layer below are combined into one.

[0080] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, as Figures 7 - 9 shown, the rigid protection layer includes a protection inner layer and a protection outer layer provided on the protection inner layer. The protection inner layer includes several corrugated plate layers 5. Corresponding to each corrugated plate layer 5, several alternately arranged wave crests 6 and wave troughs 7 are included. The wave crest 6 of any corrugated plate layer 5 is arranged opposite to the wave trough 7 of the adjacent corrugated plate layer 5. In actual application, it can be effectively used in cooperation with the soft protection layer to improve the protection performance of the protection device.

[0081] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, a protection filler is filled in the cavity formed by the relative arrangement between the wave crest 6 of any corrugated plate layer 5 and the wave trough 7 of the adjacent corrugated plate layer 5. The protection filler is made of rigid foamed polyurethane. In actual application, the protection performance of the rigid protection layer can be further effectively improved.

[0082] In a further preferred embodiment, the closed cell rate of the rigid foamed polyurethane > 90%, the density > 40 kg / m 3 , the thermal conductivity > 0.02 W / (m·k), and the fire protection grade is B1. In actual application, the protection performance and the fire protection and heat insulation performance of the rigid protection layer can be further effectively ensured. When any one of the parameter indexes of the closed cell rate, density, and thermal conductivity of the rigid foamed polyurethane does not meet the requirements, the protection effect will be reduced.

[0083] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to the present invention, preferably, as Figure 9 shown, corresponding to the single-layer corrugated plate layer 5, the vertical height between the peak plate 8 of the corrugated plate layer 5 and the horizontal plane is 25-35 mm, more preferably 28-32 mm, and the thickness of the corrugated plate layer 5 is 1-10 mm, more preferably 2-8 mm; thereby further improving the protection performance of the hard protection layer in terms of structural design.

[0084] In a further preferred embodiment, the inner angle a between the peak plate 8 and / or the trough plate 9 of the corrugated plate layer 5 and the hypotenuse 10 is 100-150°, more preferably 110-130°, and most preferably 120°. Wherein, when the inner angle a is 120°, the cross-section of the cavity formed by the opposite setting between the peak 6 of any corrugated plate layer 5 and the trough 7 of the adjacent corrugated plate layer 5 is a regular hexagon, thereby effectively improving the protection performance of the hard protection layer. Further, the trough plate 9 and the peak plate 8 are arranged in parallel and have the same size, thereby further effectively improving the protection performance of the hard protection layer.

[0085] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to the present invention, preferably, the inner protection layer includes 2-4 layers of corrugated plate layers, preferably 3 layers. The corrugated plate layer 5 is made of any one of super-hard aluminum alloy, high-strength titanium alloy and carbon steel. Specifically, the carbon steel includes Q235 type steel and Q345 type steel, and the corrugated plate layer 5 is preferably made of Q345 type steel. Thus, in practical applications, while ensuring the protection performance of the hard protection layer, the size of the hard protection layer can be within a suitable range, so that it can be better applied to liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks.

[0086] In a further preferred embodiment, extending along the direction of the outer protection layer, the thicknesses of several layers of the corrugated plate layer 5 decrease in sequence, and the decrease value of the thickness is 1-3 mm. In a specific embodiment, as Figure 8As shown, when the inner protective layer includes three corrugated board layers, the vertical height between the peak board 8 of the corrugated board layer 5 and the horizontal plane is 30 mm, and it further extends in the direction of the outer protective layer. The thickness of the third corrugated board layer is 5 - 8 mm, the thickness of the second corrugated board layer is 3 - 6 mm, and the thickness of the first corrugated board layer is 2 - 4 mm. More specifically, the thickness of the third corrugated board layer is 6 mm, the thickness of the second corrugated board layer is 4 mm, and the thickness of the first corrugated board layer is 2 mm, with a thickness reduction value of 2 mm. Thereby, the protective performance of the hard protective layer can be further effectively improved and costs can be saved. In another specific embodiment, the thickness of other corrugated board layers can also be directly determined according to the thickness of the third corrugated board layer (i.e., the first layer) and the thickness reduction value from the inside to the outside. Specifically, for example, if the thickness of the third corrugated board layer is 5 - 8 mm and the thickness reduction value is 1 - 3 mm, when the thickness of the third corrugated board layer is set to 6 mm and the thickness reduction value is 2 mm, the thicknesses of the second corrugated board layer and the first corrugated board layer can be determined to be 4 mm and 2 mm respectively.

[0087] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, vacuum brazing is used between adjacent corrugated board layers 5. Specifically, as Figure 8 and 9 shown, the upper surface of the top of the peak board 8 of the second corrugated board layer is welded to the lower surface of the bottom of the valley board 9 of the first corrugated board layer by vacuum brazing to avoid deformation caused by uneven heating of the corrugated board during welding using the traditional local melting welding method, thereby improving the stability and durability of the multi-layer corrugated board layer.

[0088] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, as Figure 8 shown, the outer protective layer, i.e., the hard anti-explosion and anti-impact layer, is made of hardened case-hardened steel. In a further preferred embodiment, the thickness of the outer protective layer made of hardened case-hardened steel is 2 - 5 mm, preferably 3 - 4 mm, thereby effectively improving the protective performance of the hard protective layer.

[0089] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, the outer surface of the rigid protection layer is coated with a fireproof layer, and the fireproof layer is an intumescent steel structure fireproof coating. During actual application, by coating the fireproof coating on the outer surface of the rigid protection layer to form a fireproof layer, the fire resistance limit of the component can be improved and the rapid spread of fire can be blocked. Among them, the fireproof coating can be a thin-type (3-10 mm) steel structure fireproof coating or a thick-type (10-30 mm) steel structure fireproof coating. Specifically, for spherical tanks with a fire resistance limit requirement of more than 2.5 hours, a thick-type steel structure fireproof coating is used; for spherical tanks with a fire resistance limit requirement of no more than 2.5 hours, a thin-type steel structure fireproof coating is used. Among them, the fireproof principle of the fireproof coating is that the coating slowly expands and foams under the action of fire to form a dense and hard fireproof and heat-insulating layer, delaying the rise of the temperature of the internal steel.

[0090] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, it further includes a spherical tank support column protection structure for protecting the support columns of the spherical tank.

[0091] Specifically, in a preferred embodiment, the spherical tank support column protection structure is a star-shaped plate. Preferably, the star-shaped plate is made of alloy steel.

[0092] In another preferred embodiment, the spherical tank support column protection structure includes a buffer layer and a protective shell provided on the buffer layer. Preferably, the buffer layer is made of aluminum foam or hard rubber, and the protective shell is made of alloy steel.

[0093] In another preferred embodiment, the spherical tank support column protection structure includes a star-shaped plate and a protective shell provided on the star-shaped plate, and a buffer is filled in the buffer cavity between the star-shaped plate and the protective shell. Preferably, both the star-shaped plate and the protective shell are made of alloy steel, and the buffer is aluminum foam or hard rubber.

[0094] In the present invention, it is found in actual application that if only the tank body 4 is protected, although it can ensure that the tank body 4 will not be damaged, there are still some flying objects directly hitting the support column, resulting in the bending or even breaking of the support column, and thus the risk of the tank body collapsing. Therefore, the present invention further designs three different schemes according to the mass of the flying objects that may hit the support column, so as to maximize the economic benefits while ensuring the protection effect. Specifically, as Figure 10As shown in the figure, when the maximum mass of the flying debris that may hit the support column does not exceed 50 kg, the spherical tank support column protection structure can directly select a star plate and be directly arranged on the surface of the support column by welding. Thus, under the action of the explosion flying debris, the star plate deflects fragments and destroys and absorbs energy, playing the role of a "sacrificial layer" to protect the internal support column body. At the same time, it can also play the role of a support column stiffener to improve the vertical bearing capacity of the support column. As Figure 11 shown in the figure, when the mass of the flying debris that may hit the support column is greater than 50 kg and less than 110 kg, the spherical tank support column protection structure includes a buffer layer and a protective shell arranged on the buffer layer. Thus, under the action of the explosion flying debris, the buffer layer and the protective shell can play the role of collision energy absorption. As Figure 12 shown in the figure, when the mass of the flying debris that may hit the support column is greater than 110 kg and less than 200 kg, the spherical tank support column protection structure includes a star plate and a protective shell arranged on the star plate. A buffer material is filled in the buffer cavity between the star plate and the protective shell. Thus, the abilities of the star plate and the energy absorption buffer material to destroy and absorb the flying debris and the explosion shock wave are comprehensively utilized. At the same time, the star plate can provide a reverse supporting force for the protective shell to further improve the anti-explosion and anti-impact performance of the protective shell.

[0095] In the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, preferably, it further includes a woven mesh for protecting the support column of the spherical tank. In a further preferred embodiment, the woven mesh is made of a polymer material or a light alloy. In a still further preferred embodiment, the diameter of a single strand of the woven mesh is 0.5 - 3 mm, preferably 1 - 2.5 mm, and the length and width of the mesh of the woven mesh are both 2 - 12 cm, preferably 3 - 10 mm. In actual application, as Figure 1 shown in the figure, the effective protection of the support column of the spherical tank can be achieved by setting one end of the woven mesh on the tank body and the other end on the support column connected to the spherical tank.

[0096] The second aspect of the present invention provides a design method for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device, which is applied to the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device. The design method includes:

[0097] Based on the installation position of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, quantitatively evaluate the risks it faces and obtain a quantitative evaluation result;

[0098] Design a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to the quantitative evaluation result.

[0099] In a preferred embodiment, the quantitative evaluation of the risks it faces specifically includes:

[0100] According to the layout and risk level of the devices around the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, as well as the local meteorological conditions, the numerical simulation method is used to quantitatively evaluate the risks faced by it.

[0101] In another preferred embodiment, designing the protective device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to the quantitative evaluation results specifically includes:

[0102] Designing the protective device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to the maximum value of the impact force of the splashes in the quantitative evaluation results.

[0103] In the design method of the present invention, based on the maximum value of the impact force of the splashes in the quantitative evaluation results, during actual application, the soft and hard protective layers of the tank protective cover can be designed quickly and accurately, so as to ensure the protective performance of the protective device while reducing the difficulty of modifying the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, and further saving costs.

[0104] Further aiming at the design of the honeycomb protective layer, in a specific embodiment, designing the protective device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to the maximum value of the impact force of the splashes in the quantitative evaluation results specifically includes:

[0105] Making the length and / or width of the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb protective layer satisfy:

[0106] y = 1.6667x 3 -10x 2 -1.6667x + 130

[0107] Wherein, x is the layer level of the honeycomb protective layer, and y is the length and / or width of the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb protective layer corresponding to the layer level of the honeycomb protective layer, and its unit is mm.

[0108] Further in a more specific embodiment, the length and width of the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb protective layer are equal, and the height of the honeycomb cells of each layer of the honeycomb protective layer is the same. More specifically, as Figure 5 and 6 shown, the length and width of the honeycomb cells of the first honeycomb protective layer are preferably 110 - 130 mm, and the height is preferably 20 - 40 mm; most preferably, the length and width are both 120 mm, and the height is 30 mm. The length and width of the honeycomb cells of the second honeycomb protective layer are preferably 90 - 110 mm, and the height is preferably 20 - 40 mm; most preferably, the length and width are both 100 mm, and the height is 30 mm. The length and width of the honeycomb cells of the third honeycomb protective layer are preferably 70 - 90 mm, and the height is preferably 20 - 40 mm; most preferably, the length and width are both 80 mm, and the height is 30 mm. Thus, during actual application, the protective performance of the hard protective layer can be greatly improved.

[0109] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0110] Embodiment 1

[0111] Based on the installation location of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, according to the layout and risk level of the devices around the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, as well as the local meteorological conditions, the numerical simulation method is used to quantitatively evaluate the potential risks it faces, and the quantitative evaluation results are obtained. Specifically, in the explosion accident, the maximum mass of the splashes that the spherical tank may suffer is 25 kg, and the splash speed is 45 m / s; the peak pressure of the explosion shock wave is 69 kPa, and the positive pressure action time is 20 ms.

[0112] Adopt as Figures 1 - 3 shown in the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device. Specifically, the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device includes a tank body protective cover for protecting the tank body. The tank body protective cover includes a soft protective layer and a hard protective layer provided on the soft protective layer. The soft protective layer includes an inner protective layer 1 and an outer protective layer 2 provided on the inner protective layer 1. A plurality of cavities 3 are surrounded between the inner protective layer 1 and the outer protective layer 2, and a buffer liquid is filled in the cavities 3; a fireproof layer is coated on the outer surface of the hard protective layer, and the fireproof layer is an intumescent steel structure fireproof coating.

[0113] In the actual application process, the tank body protective cover is installed on the tank body in a semi-covered manner.

[0114] After testing, adopting the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, and has the advantages of good protection effect and good economic benefit.

[0115] Embodiment 2

[0116] Refer to Embodiment 1 for implementation. The difference is that further refer to Figures 4 - 6 , the cross-section of the cavity 3 is trapezoidal, and the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity 3 close to the tank body 4 is less than the length of the bottom side away from the tank body 4.

[0117] After testing, adopting the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, and has the advantages of better protection effect and better economic benefit.

[0118] Embodiment 3

[0119] Implemented with reference to Embodiment 2, except that the inner protective layer 1 is a corrugated structure made of alloy steel, the outer protective layer 2 is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, the buffer liquid is a shear thickening fluid, and the soft protective layer further includes a pressure relief port for discharging the buffer liquid to a safe area according to the magnitude of the impact force when impacted.

[0120] Upon inspection, the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, and has the advantages of better protection effect and better economic benefits.

[0121] Embodiment 4

[0122] Implemented with reference to Embodiment 3, except that further refer to Figure 10 , and further includes a spherical tank support column protection structure for protecting the support column of the spherical tank. The spherical tank support column protection structure is a star-shaped plate made of alloy steel; it also includes a woven mesh for protecting the support column of the spherical tank. The diameter of a single strand of the woven mesh is 1.5 mm, and the length and width of the mesh of the woven mesh are both 6 cm.

[0123] Upon inspection, the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body and support column of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, and has the advantages of good protection effect and good economic benefits.

[0124] Embodiment 5

[0125] Implemented with reference to Embodiment 3, except that further refer to Figure 11 , the maximum mass of the flying debris that the spherical tank may be subjected to in an explosion accident is 65 kg, and it further includes a spherical tank support column protection structure for protecting the support column of the spherical tank. The spherical tank support column protection structure includes a buffer layer and a protective shell provided on the buffer layer. The buffer layer is made of aluminum foam, and the protective shell is made of alloy steel; it also includes a woven mesh for protecting the support column of the spherical tank. The diameter of a single strand of the woven mesh is 1.5 mm, and the length and width of the mesh of the woven mesh are both 6 cm.

[0126] Upon inspection, the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body and support column of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, and has the advantages of good protection effect and good economic benefits.

[0127] Embodiment 6

[0128] Implemented with reference to Embodiment 3, except that further refer to Figure 12, in an explosion accident, the maximum mass of the flying debris that the spherical tank may be subjected to is 105 kg. It also includes a protective structure for the support columns of the spherical tank, which is used to protect the support columns of the spherical tank. The protective structure for the support columns of the spherical tank includes a star-shaped plate and a protective shell arranged on the star-shaped plate. A buffer material is filled in the buffer cavity between the star-shaped plate and the protective shell. Both the star-shaped plate and the protective shell are made of alloy steel, and the buffer material is aluminum foam; it also includes a woven net, which is used to protect the support columns of the spherical tank. The diameter of a single strand of the woven net is 1.5 mm, and the length and width of the mesh of the woven net are both 6 cm.

[0129] After testing, by using the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, the tank body and support columns of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank can be effectively protected, and it has the advantages of good protection effect and good economic benefit.

[0130] Example 7

[0131] Refer to Example 4 for implementation. The difference is that the hard protective layer includes a hard protective inner layer and a hard protective outer layer arranged on the hard protective inner layer. The hard protective inner layer includes several layers of honeycomb protective layers, and at least one of the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb protective layer is filled with aluminum foam; the hard protective inner layer includes 3 layers of honeycomb protective layers; the honeycomb protective layer is made of carbon steel; the hard protective outer layer is made of hardened case-hardened steel with a thickness of 3 mm; extending along the direction of the hard protective outer layer, the thickness of the interlayer plate between adjacent honeycomb protective layers gradually decreases; the length and width of the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb protective layer are equal, and the height of the honeycomb cells of each honeycomb protective layer is the same.

[0132] Specifically, extending along the direction of the hard protective outer layer, the length and width of the honeycomb cells of the third honeycomb protective layer are both 80 mm, and the height is 30 mm; the length and width of the honeycomb cells of the second honeycomb protective layer are both 100 mm, and the height is 30 mm; the length and width of the honeycomb cells of the first honeycomb protective layer are both 120 mm, and the height is 30 mm;

[0133] After testing, by using the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank can be effectively protected, and it has the advantages of better protection effect and better economic benefit.

[0134] Example 8

[0135] Refer to Example 7 for implementation. The difference is that the inside of the honeycomb cells of each honeycomb protective layer is filled with aluminum foam. Extending along the direction of the hard protective outer layer, the porosity of the aluminum foam filled in the inside of the honeycomb cells of several honeycomb protective layers increases in sequence, and among them, the porosity of the aluminum foam is 40 - 80%.

[0136] It has been tested that the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, and has the advantages of better protection effect and better economic benefit.

[0137] Example 9

[0138] The embodiment 8 is implemented with reference to the embodiment 8, except that a ceramic layer is further provided between the hard protective inner layer and the hard protective outer layer, and the ceramic layer is made of alumina ceramic, and the Vickers hardness of the ceramic is ≥1500Hv10, the bending strength is ≥350MPa and the fracture toughness is ≥4.5MPa·m 1 / 2 .

[0139] It has been tested that the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, and has the advantages of better protection effect and better economic benefit.

[0140] Example 10

[0141] Refer to Example 4 for implementation, except that, further refer to Figures 7 - 9 The hard protective layer includes a protective inner layer and a protective outer layer arranged on the protective inner layer, the protective inner layer includes several layers of corrugated plate layers 5, each of the corrugated plate layers 5 includes several staggered peaks 6 and troughs 7, and the peaks 6 of any corrugated plate layer 5 are arranged relative to the troughs 7 of the adjacent corrugated plate layer 5; the protective inner layer includes 3 layers of corrugated plate layers; vacuum brazing is adopted between adjacent corrugated plate layers 5; the corrugated plate layers 5 are made of carbon steel, and the protective outer layer is made of hardened carburized steel with a thickness of 3 mm.

[0142] It has been tested that the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, and has the advantages of better protection effect and better economic benefit.

[0143] Embodiment 11

[0144] Refer to Example 10, except that the cavity formed by the wave crest 6 of any of the corrugated board layers 5 and the wave trough 7 of the adjacent corrugated board layer 5 is filled with a protective filler, and the protective filler is made of rigid foamed polyurethane, and the rigid foamed polyurethane has a closed-cell rate of >90% and a density of >40kg / m 3 , thermal conductivity>0.02W / (mk), fire protection grade is B1.

[0145] It has been tested that the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, and has the advantages of better protection effect and better economic benefit.

[0146] Example 12

[0147] Implemented with reference to Embodiment 11, except that the vertical height between the peak plate 8 of the corrugated plate 5 and the horizontal plane is 25 - 35 mm, the thickness of the corrugated plate layer 5 is 1 - 10 mm, the internal angle a between the peak plate 8 and / or the trough plate 9 of the corrugated plate layer 5 and the hypotenuse 10 is 100 - 150°, and the sizes of the trough plate 9 and the peak plate 8 are the same; extending along the direction of the protective outer layer, the thicknesses of several layers of the corrugated plate layer 5 decrease in sequence, and the decrease value of the thickness is 1 - 3 mm.

[0148] Specifically, the vertical height between the peak plate 8 of the corrugated plate layer 5 and the horizontal plane is 30 mm, the thickness of the third corrugated plate layer is 6 mm, the thickness of the second corrugated plate layer is 4 mm, the thickness of the first corrugated plate layer is 2 mm, the decrease value of the thickness is 2 mm, and the internal angle a between the peak plate 8 and the trough plate 9 of the corrugated plate layer 5 and the hypotenuse 10 is 120°.

[0149] It is detected that by using the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device of the present invention, the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank can be effectively protected, and it has the advantages of better protection effect and better economic benefit.

[0150] The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device provided by the present invention protects the tank body by using the tank body protective cover including the soft protective layer and the hard protective layer. In actual application, it can effectively ensure the safety of the spherical tank, prevent flying objects from directly impacting the spherical tank and causing the spherical tank to be damaged, and has the advantages of simple operation, simple structure, high safety and cost saving.

[0151] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the technical concept scope of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not separately describe various possible combination methods. But these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention and all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A protective device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, characterized in that, The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device includes: A tank body protective cover for protecting the tank body. The tank body protective cover includes a soft protective layer and a hard protective layer provided on the soft protective layer. The soft protective layer includes an inner protective layer (1) and an outer protective layer (2) provided on the inner protective layer (1). A number of cavities (3) are enclosed between the inner protective layer (1) and the outer protective layer (2), and a buffer liquid is filled in the cavities (3).

2. The protection device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-section of the cavity (3) is trapezoidal, and the length of the bottom side of the trapezoidal cavity (3) close to the tank body (4) is smaller than the length of the bottom side away from the tank body (4).

3. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 1, wherein, The inner protective layer (1) is of a corrugated structure and is made of alloy steel.

4. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The outer protective layer (2) is made of Kevlar or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

5. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buffer liquid is water or a shear thickening fluid.

6. The protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The soft protective layer further includes a pressure relief port for discharging the buffer liquid to a safe area according to the magnitude of the impact force when being impacted.

7. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that The hard protective layer includes a hard protective inner layer and a hard protective outer layer provided on the hard protective inner layer. The hard protective inner layer includes several layers of honeycomb protective layers, and at least one of the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb protective layers is filled with aluminum foam.

8. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The honeycomb cells of each layer of the honeycomb protective layer are filled with aluminum foam, extending along the direction of the hard protective outer layer. The porosity of the aluminum foam filled in the honeycomb cells of several layers of the honeycomb protective layers increases in sequence. Among them, the porosity of the aluminum foam is 40 - 80%.

9. The protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, A ceramic layer is further provided between the hard protective inner layer and the hard protective outer layer. The ceramic layer is made of any one of alumina ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics, and boron carbide ceramics, and the Vickers hardness of the ceramic is ≥1500 Hv10, the flexural strength is ≥350 MPa, and the fracture toughness is ≥4.5 MPa·m 1 / 2 .

10. The protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, Extending along the direction of the hard protective outer layer, the thickness of the interlayer board between adjacent honeycomb protective layers gradually decreases.

11. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The hard protective inner layer includes 2 - 5 layers of honeycomb protective layers; the honeycomb protective layer is made of any one of aluminum alloy, carbon steel and stainless steel; the hard protective outer layer is made of hardened carburized steel with a thickness of 2 - 5 mm.

12. The protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 7, characterized in that, The length and width of the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb protective layer are equal, and the height of the honeycomb cells of each layer of the honeycomb protective layer is the same.

13. The protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hard protective layer includes a protective inner layer and a protective outer layer provided on the protective inner layer. The protective inner layer includes several layers of corrugated board layers (5). Corresponding to each layer of the corrugated board layer (5), it includes several alternately arranged wave crests (6) and wave troughs (7). The wave crest (6) of any one corrugated board layer (5) is arranged opposite to the wave trough (7) of the adjacent corrugated board layer (5).

14. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 13, wherein, A cavity formed by the opposite arrangement between the wave crest (6) of any one of the corrugated plate layers (5) and the wave trough (7) of the adjacent corrugated plate layer (5) is filled with a protective filler, and the protective filler is made of rigid polyurethane foam. The closed cell rate of the rigid polyurethane foam is > 90%, and the density is > 40 kg / m 3 , the thermal conductivity is > 0.02 W / (m·K), and the fire rating is B1 level.

15. The protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, The vertical height between the wave crest board (8) of the corrugated board layer (5) and the horizontal plane is 25 - 35 mm, the thickness of the corrugated board layer (5) is 1 - 10 mm, the inner angle a between the wave crest board (8) and / or the wave trough board (9) of the corrugated board layer (5) and the hypotenuse (10) is 100 - 150°, and the wave trough board (9) and the wave crest board (8) are of the same size.

16. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, The protective inner layer includes 2 - 4 layers of corrugated board layers; extending along the direction of the protective outer layer, the thicknesses of several layers of the corrugated board layers (5) decrease in sequence, and the decreasing value of the thickness is 1 - 3 mm.

17. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 13, characterized in that, Vacuum brazing is adopted between adjacent corrugated plate layers (5); the corrugated plate layer (5) is made of any one of superhard aluminum alloy, high-strength titanium alloy and carbon steel, and the protective outer layer is made of hardened carburized steel with a thickness of 2-5 mm.

18. The protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 1, wherein, The outer surface of the hard protective layer is coated with a fireproof layer, and the fireproof layer is an intumescent steel structure fireproof coating.

19. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a spherical tank support column protection structure for protecting the support columns of the spherical tank.

20. The protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 19, wherein, The spherical tank support column protection structure is a star-shaped plate made of alloy steel.

21. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 19, wherein, The spherical tank support column protection structure includes a buffer layer and a protective shell arranged on the buffer layer. The buffer layer is made of aluminum foam or hard rubber, and the protective shell is made of alloy steel.

22. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 19, characterized in that, The spherical tank support column protection structure includes a star-shaped plate and a protective shell arranged on the star-shaped plate. A buffer is filled in the buffer cavity between the star-shaped plate and the protective shell. Both the star-shaped plate and the protective shell are made of alloy steel, and the buffer is aluminum foam or hard rubber.

23. The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to claim 1, wherein, It also includes a woven net for protecting the support columns of the spherical tank.

24. The protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 23, wherein, The woven net is made of a polymer material or a light alloy. The diameter of a single strand of the woven net is 0.5-3 mm, and the length and width of the mesh of the woven net are both 2-12 cm.

25. A design method for a protection device of a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, characterized in that, Applied to the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device described in any one of the above claims 1-24, this design method includes: Based on the installation position of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, quantitatively evaluate the risks it faces and obtain a quantitative evaluation result; Design a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to the quantitative evaluation result.

26. The design method of the protection device for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 25, wherein The quantitative evaluation of the risks it faces specifically includes: According to the layout and risk level of the devices around the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank and the local meteorological conditions, use the numerical simulation method to quantitatively evaluate the risks it faces.

27. The design method of the protection device for the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 25, characterized in that, The design of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to the quantitative evaluation result specifically includes: Design a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank protection device according to the maximum value of the impact force of the splashes in the quantitative evaluation result.

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