Preheating / cooling fluidized bed equipment for grain drying
By adopting the design of multi-layer fluidized plates and air sweeping components in the fluidized bed equipment, combined with the vibration motor, the suspended heat exchange of grain is achieved, solving the problems of incomplete drying and excessive strength in existing equipment, improving the drying quality and energy saving.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510760578.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-05-27
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-25
AI Technical Summary
During the preheating of grains, existing fluidized bed equipment has problems such as incomplete drying or excessive drying strength, resulting in excessive moisture gradient and temperature stress, resulting in cracks in the grains and a decrease in taste.
A preheating/cooling fluidized bed equipment is designed, using multi-layer fluidized plate components and air sweep components in the fluidized bed shell. Combined with a vibration motor, the grains are exchanged in the suspended state through gravity, suspension force and throwing force, and a pulsation effect is formed through alternately arranged screen holes to achieve low-temperature and large-scale drying.
It achieves uniform preheating of the grain, reduces moisture gradient and temperature stress, improves drying quality and energy-saving effects.
Smart Images
Figure CN120368681A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to grain drying equipment, and particularly to a preheating / cooling fluidized bed equipment for grain drying. Background Art
[0002] During the process of grain drying, the preheating temperatures required by the grain from the inside to the outside are different. The currently used fluidized bed does not preheat and dry the grain thoroughly or has too high a drying intensity, forming a large moisture gradient and temperature stress, resulting in surface tensile stress and internal compressive stress in the grain, causing grain cracks or affecting the taste, and significantly increasing the cracking rate of rice and decreasing the gluten rate of wheat. Summary of the Invention
[0003] To solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a preheating / cooling fluidized bed equipment for grain drying, enabling sufficient heat exchange of the grain, low temperature and large drying capacity, and the wind speed taking away the free water molecules to ensure the stability of grain preheating.
[0004] A preheating / cooling fluidized bed equipment for grain drying includes a fluidized bed housing, a first elevator, and a feed port assembly provided at the top of the fluidized bed housing; wherein the feed port assembly is connected to the discharge port of the first elevator through a feed pipe; a discharge port assembly is provided at the lower end of the side wall of the fluidized bed housing, and the discharge port assembly is connected to a second elevator; wherein an upper fluidization plate assembly, a sliding plate assembly, and a lower fluidization plate assembly are sequentially and obliquely arranged in the fluidized bed housing from top to bottom; a wind sweeping assembly is provided above the sliding plate assembly; a wind collecting box is connected to the side wall of the fluidized bed housing, and three air outlets adapted to the upper fluidization plate assembly, the wind sweeping assembly, and the lower fluidization plate assembly are provided on the wind collecting box; one end of the wind collecting box is connected to a fluidization air system; an air extraction box is provided above the discharge port assembly; the air extraction box is fixed on the fluidized housing and its top is connected to an exhaust pipe.
[0005] Further, a heat preservation board is attached to the outer surface of the fluidized bed housing.
[0006] Further, a support assembly is connected to the bottom of the fluidized bed housing and a vibration motor is provided at the top. Through the vibration of the vibration motor, the grain can be loosened to generate a parabolic motion, and the drying and preheating are uniform and thorough.
[0007] Further, a shock pad is provided between the bottom of the fluidized bed housing and the support assembly.
[0008] Further, the upper fluidization plate assembly includes an upper air box and a first sieve plate obliquely arranged on the top of the upper air box; wherein the included angle between the first sieve plate and the horizontal plane is 5 - 8°.
[0009] Further, a wind sweeping assembly is provided above the sliding material plate assembly; the sliding material plate assembly includes a sliding plate disposed obliquely; the angle between the sliding plate and the horizontal plane is 7-9°; the wind sweeping assembly includes a middle layer air box body; a wind chamber perforated plate is provided at the bottom of the middle layer air box body; a plurality of blowpipe assemblies are provided on the wind chamber perforated plate, and each blowpipe assembly includes a blowpipe; a plurality of air outlet holes are provided at the bottom of the blowpipe; a plurality of blowholes are provided on the side of the blowpipe facing the sliding direction of the grains.
[0010] Further, the lower fluidized plate assembly includes a lower air box and a second sieve plate disposed obliquely on the top of the lower air box; the angle between the second sieve plate and the horizontal plane is 5-8°.
[0011] Further, a plurality of densely arranged aperture sieve mesh groups and sparsely arranged aperture sieve mesh groups are alternately arranged on the first sieve plate and the second sieve plate in sequence. By alternately arranging sieve holes with different ventilation rates, a jetting area and a fluidization area are formed on the sieve plate, generating a pulsating effect. Thereby ensuring that the grains make a parabolic motion in a fluidized state and achieving sufficient heat exchange.
[0012] Further, a first wind baffle is provided inside the fluidized bed housing; the first wind baffle is located below the feed port assembly; this facilitates the entry of the material but does not carry away the air inside the fluidized bed housing; a second wind baffle is provided above the discharge port assembly; the second wind baffle is provided inside the fluidized bed housing.
[0013] Further, lifting lugs are provided at the four ends of the top of the fluidized bed housing.
[0014] The working principle of the present invention: Under the combined action of gravity, suspension force and throwing force, and the pulsating effect of the sieve holes, the grains are in a suspended state. At the same time, due to the angle of the sieve plate, a forward throwing force is generated. On the one hand, hot air and the grains conduct sufficient heat exchange; on the other hand, the grains move forward regularly and orderly.
[0015] The working process of the present invention: 1. The grains to be preheated are sent into the feed port assembly through the first elevator, and then are preheated successively through the upper fluidized plate assembly, the sliding material plate assembly and the lower fluidized plate assembly, and the free water molecules are carried away. 2. The fluidizing air system sends the hot air from the heater into the upper air box, the middle layer air box and the lower air box through the fan. The hot air in the upper air box preheats the grains through the first sieve plate. The middle layer air box sends the hot air into the corresponding blowpipe, and hot air is discharged at the lower part and in the sliding direction to dry the grains located on the sliding material plate. 3. From the slide plate chute to the second sieve plate, the hot air in the lower air box passes through the sieve holes to preheat the material; finally, it is sent into the second elevator through the discharge port assembly to complete the preheating. Since there are baffle plates one and two, the loss of hot air can be further avoided, saving energy consumption. 4. By alternately setting sieve holes with different ventilation rates, an injection zone and a fluidization zone are formed on the sieve plate, generating a pulsating effect. This ensures that the grains move in a parabolic motion in a suspended state and achieve sufficient heat exchange. During the drying process, the vibration motor drives the entire housing to vibrate, ensuring uniform heating. The middle air box of the second layer adopts a blowpipe structure, with ∮3 air holes arranged on the bottom surface and the 150° fan-shaped side surface facing forward. The hot air coming out of the air holes not only conducts sufficient heat exchange with the grains but also pushes the grains forward. At the same time, due to the formation of a microenvironment of the air chamber with wind-wrapped grains, a slow-down state of the grains is created, which is beneficial to the internal moisture migration and ensures the drying quality of the grains.
[0016] Advantages of the present invention: Low temperature and large drying capacity. To avoid excessive moisture gradient and temperature stress, after a large number of experiments, it is considered that with an air volume of 7500 - 12000 m 3 / h, high-quality drying is ensured. At the same time, due to the vaporization of water molecules under different temperature conditions, heat is saved, thus achieving an energy-saving effect. Description of the drawings
[0017] Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 Structural schematic diagram of the air sweeping component and the slide plate component in cooperation; Figure 3 Structural schematic diagram of the air sweeping component; Figure 4 Structural schematic diagram of the slide plate component; Figure 5 Arrangement schematic diagram of the blowpipe component; Figure 6 、 Figure 5 Partial enlarged view of A in; Figure 7 Structural schematic diagram of the upper fluidization plate component; Figure 8 Top view of the first sieve plate; Figure 9 Installation schematic diagram of the heat preservation plate; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the lower fluidization plate component; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the fluidization air system; List of reference numerals: Among them, 1 - support assembly; 2 - shock pad; 3 - discharge port assembly; 4 - fluidized bed housing; 5 - lower fluidization plate assembly; 6 - sliding material plate assembly; 7 - air sweeping assembly; 8 - upper fluidization plate assembly; 9 - feed port assembly; 10 - feed pipe; 11 - wind baffle one; 12 - air collecting box; 13 - fluidizing air system; 14 - induced draft box; 15 - heat preservation board; 13 - 1 - heater; 13 - 2 - fan; 32 - wind baffle two; 81 - upper air box; 82 - sieve plate one; 71 - middle air box body; 72 - air chamber perforated plate; 73 - injection pipe; 74 - air outlet hole; 75 - injection hole; 51 - lower air box body; 52 - sieve plate two. Detailed implementation manner
[0018] The following further clarifies the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the detailed implementation manner. It should be understood that the following detailed implementation manner is only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to the directions in the accompanying drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" respectively refer to the directions towards or away from the geometric center of a specific component.
[0019] As Figure 1 and Figure 9 shown, a preheating / cooling fluidized bed device for grain drying includes a fluidized bed housing 4, a first elevator, and a feed port assembly 9 is provided at the top of the fluidized bed housing 4; among them, the feed port assembly 9 is connected to the discharge port of the first elevator through a feed pipe 10; a discharge port assembly 3 is provided at the lower end of the side wall of the fluidized bed housing 4, and the discharge port assembly 3 is connected to a second elevator; a heat preservation board 15 is attached to the outer surface of the fluidized bed housing 4. Among them, an induced draft box 14 is provided above the discharge port assembly 3; the induced draft box 14 is fixed on the fluidized housing 4 and its top is connected to an exhaust pipe 30. A wind baffle one 11 is provided inside the fluidized bed housing 4; the wind baffle one 11 is located below the feed port assembly 9; a wind baffle two 32 is provided above the discharge port assembly 9; the wind baffle two 32 is arranged inside the fluidized bed housing 4; lifting lugs are provided at the four ends of the top of the fluidized bed housing 4 for easy lifting.
[0020] The bottom of the fluidized bed housing 4 is connected to a support assembly and a vibration motor 31 is provided at the top; among them, a shock pad 2 is provided between the bottom of the fluidized bed housing 4 and the support assembly 1.
[0021] As Figure 1 and Figure 11As shown in the figure, an upper fluidization plate assembly 8, a material sliding plate assembly 6, and a lower fluidization plate assembly 5 are sequentially and obliquely arranged in the fluidized bed housing 4 from top to bottom; a wind sweeping assembly 7 is arranged above the material sliding plate assembly 6; a wind collecting box 12 is connected to the side wall of the fluidized bed housing 4, and three air outlets adapted to the upper fluidization plate assembly 8, the wind sweeping assembly 7, and the lower fluidization plate assembly 5 are arranged on the wind collecting box 12; one end of the wind collecting box 12 is connected to a fluidizing air system 13; the fluidizing air system 13 includes a heater 13-1 and a blower 13-2. As Figure 7 shown, the upper fluidization plate assembly 8 includes an upper air box 81 and a first sieve plate 82 obliquely arranged on the top of the upper air box 81; the included angle between the first sieve plate 82 and the horizontal plane is 6º. The angle of the sieve plate is related to factors such as the natural stacking angle of the grains, the blowing flow rate and pressure, the grain flow rate, the precipitation range, etc., and the specific angle is determined between 6º - 10º considering the comprehensive influencing factors.
[0022] As Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, a wind sweeping assembly 7 is arranged above the material sliding plate assembly 6; the material sliding plate assembly 6 includes a sliding plate 61 arranged obliquely; the included angle between the sliding plate 61 and the horizontal plane is 8º; the wind sweeping assembly 7 includes a middle air box body 71; a wind chamber perforated plate 72 is arranged at the bottom of the middle air box body 71; a plurality of jet pipe assemblies are arranged on the wind chamber perforated plate 72, and each jet pipe assembly includes a jet pipe 73; a plurality of air outlet holes 74 are arranged at the bottom of the jet pipe 73; a plurality of jet holes 75 are arranged on the side of the jet pipe 73 facing the grain sliding direction.
[0023] As Figure 10 shown, the lower fluidization plate assembly 5 includes a lower air box 51 and a second sieve plate 52 obliquely arranged on the top of the lower air box; the included angle between the second sieve plate 52 and the horizontal plane is 6º.
[0024] As Figure 9 shown, a plurality of first sieve mesh groups A and second sieve mesh groups B are alternately arranged on both the first sieve plate 82 and the second sieve plate 52, and a plurality of first sieve mesh groups A and second sieve mesh groups B are alternately arranged at intervals and are all perforated in sequence, and the aperture ratio is alternately arranged according to 10%, 19%, 10% in sequence, and the aperture is all 3mm.
[0025] The fluidized bed of this embodiment can also be used as a cooling device. After the grains are dried, cooling air is sent into the device through the fluidizing air system 13 to cool the grains.
[0026] The reason for such a design in this embodiment is as follows: First, through force analysis, the grains are in a suspended fluidized state, which is conducive to the full exchange of energy; second, due to the setting of the sieve plate angle, under the action of the air flow, they pulsate forward.
[0027] The technical means disclosed in the solution of the present invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features.
Claims
1. A preheating / cooling fluidized bed device for grain drying, comprising a fluidized bed housing (4), a first elevator, and a feed port assembly (9) provided at the top of the fluidized bed housing (4); wherein the feed port assembly (9) is connected to the discharge port of the first elevator through a feed pipe (10); a discharge port assembly (3) is provided at the lower end of the side wall of the fluidized bed housing (4), and the discharge port assembly (3) is connected to a second elevator; characterized in that: Inside the fluidized bed housing (4), an upper fluidization plate assembly (8), a material sliding plate assembly (6), and a lower fluidization plate assembly (5) are sequentially arranged obliquely from top to bottom; above the material sliding plate assembly (6), an air sweeping assembly (7) is provided; a wind collecting box (12) is connected to the side wall of the fluidized bed housing (4), and three air outlets adapted to the upper fluidization plate assembly (8), the air sweeping assembly (7), and the lower fluidization plate assembly (5) are provided on the wind collecting box (12); one end of the wind collecting box (12) is connected to a fluidizing air system (13); above the discharge port assembly (3), an air extraction box (14) is provided; the air extraction box (14) is fixed on the fluidized housing (4) and its top is connected to an exhaust pipe (30).
2. The preheating / cooling fluidized bed equipment for grain drying according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heat preservation board (15) is attached to the outer surface of the fluidized bed housing (4).
3. The preheating / cooling fluidized bed equipment for grain drying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the fluidized bed housing (4) is connected to a support assembly and a vibration motor (31) is provided at the top.
4. A preheating / cooling fluidized bed apparatus for grain drying according to claim 1, characterized in that: A shock absorber pad (2) is provided between the bottom of the fluidized bed housing (4) and the support assembly (1).
5. A preheating / cooling fluidized bed apparatus for grain drying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper fluidization plate assembly (8) includes an upper air box (81) and a first sieve plate (82) obliquely arranged at the top of the upper air box (81); the angle between the first sieve plate (82) and the horizontal plane is 5 - 8°.
6. A preheating / cooling fluidized bed device for grain drying according to claim 1, characterized in that: Above the material sliding plate assembly (6), an air sweeping assembly (7) is provided; the material sliding plate assembly (6) includes a sliding plate (61) arranged obliquely; the angle between the sliding plate (61) and the horizontal plane is 7 - 9°; the air sweeping assembly (7) includes a middle air box body (71); at the bottom of the middle air box body (71), an air chamber perforated plate (72) is provided; a plurality of blowpipe assemblies are provided on the air chamber perforated plate (72), and each blowpipe assembly includes a blowpipe (73); a plurality of air outlet holes (74) are provided at the bottom of the blowpipe (73); a plurality of blowholes (75) are provided on the side of the blowpipe (73) facing the grain sliding direction.
7. A preheating / cooling fluidized bed apparatus for grain drying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower fluidization plate assembly (5) includes a lower air box (51) and a second sieve plate (52) obliquely arranged at the top of the lower air box; the angle between the second sieve plate (52) and the horizontal plane is 5 - 8°.
8. A preheating / cooling fluidized bed apparatus for grain drying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first sieve plate (82) and the second sieve plate (52) are both sequentially and spaced apart with holes, and the hole opening ratios are alternately arranged in sequence of 10%, 19%, 10%, and the hole diameters are all 3 mm.
9. A preheating / cooling fluidized bed apparatus for grain drying according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first wind baffle (11) is provided inside the fluidized bed housing (4); the first wind baffle (11) is located below the feed port assembly (9); a second wind baffle (32) is provided above the discharge port assembly (9); the second wind baffle (32) is arranged inside the fluidized bed housing (4).
10. A preheating / cooling fluidized bed apparatus for grain drying according to claim 1, characterized in that: Lifting lugs are provided at the four ends of the top of the fluidized bed housing (4).