Sampling device and method for detecting microflora composition structure of soil in each layer of mud flat area

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil sampling, in particular to a sampling device for detecting microbial community composition structures of soil in each layer of a mud flat area, which comprises a base, three supporting legs are fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the base at equal angles, inserting rods are fixedly connected to the bottom surfaces of the three supporting legs, and a circular groove I is formed in the top surface of the base; the number of the vertical rods is two, the bottom surfaces of the two vertical rods are fixedly connected with the top surface of the base, and strip-shaped grooves are formed in the opposite side walls of the two vertical rods; and the outer wall of the connecting column is fixedly sleeved with two limiting rings. According to the device disclosed by the invention, the plurality of sampling barrels capable of being spliced are arranged, so that accurate stratified sampling of each layer of soil in a mud flat area can be realized, mixing of soil samples at different depths is avoided, and the accuracy of detection of a microbial community composition structure is ensured. And through cooperative arrangement of the connecting column, the connecting plate, the sampling barrel, the conical head and the vertical rod, an operator can embed into soil and sample by holding a handle, so that the sampling efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil sampling, and specifically to a sampling device and method for detecting the composition structure of soil microbial communities in each layer of the beach area. Background Art

[0002] The soil in the beach area is an important part of the ecosystem. The composition structure of its microbial community has a profound impact on soil fertility, ecological balance, and environmental quality. Accurately detecting the composition structure of soil microbial communities in each layer of the beach area is of great significance for ecological research, agricultural production, and environmental protection. However, there are some deficiencies in the existing soil sampling devices when applied to soil sampling in the beach area; Firstly, the soil in the beach area is usually loose in texture and high in water content. During the sampling process, traditional spiral drilling sampling devices are prone to cause compression, fragmentation, or mixing of soil samples, thus affecting the original distribution state of microbial communities. Secondly, the distribution of soil microorganisms in the beach area has obvious stratification, and the microbial community structures in soils at different depths vary greatly. Existing sampling devices are difficult to achieve precise stratified sampling of each layer of soil. In addition, the operation of existing sampling devices is complex and requires the cooperation of multiple people, making them inconvenient to use. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a sampling device and method for detecting the composition structure of soil microbial communities in each layer of the beach area to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A sampling device for detecting the composition structure of soil microbial communities in each layer of the beach area, comprising: A base, the bottom surface of which is fixedly connected with three support legs at equal angles, the bottom surfaces of the three support legs are fixedly connected with insertion rods, and a first circular groove is opened on the top surface of the base; Two vertical rods, the bottom surfaces of the two vertical rods are fixedly connected with the top surface of the base, and strip-shaped grooves are opened on the opposite side walls of the two vertical rods; A connecting column, the outer wall of which is sleeved and fixed with two limiting rings, the top end of the connecting column is fixedly connected with a handle, and a first docking groove is opened at the bottom end of the connecting column; A connecting plate, a second circular groove that is inserted and matched with the connecting column is opened on the top surface of the connecting plate, and two sliding blocks are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting plate, and the two sliding blocks are respectively slidably connected with the two strip-shaped grooves; Sampling cylinders are provided in several numbers. A notch is formed on the outer wall of the sampling cylinder. A sampling hopper is slidably inserted into the notch. The opening of the sampling hopper is located on the side wall. An electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sampling cylinder. The output end of the electric telescopic rod is connected to the inner side wall of the sampling hopper. A docking block one is arranged on the top surface of the sampling cylinder. A bottom cover is screwed to the bottom surface of the sampling cylinder. A docking groove two matching with the docking block one is formed on the bottom surface of the bottom cover; Conical head, and a docking block two matching with the docking groove two is arranged on the top surface of the conical head.

[0005] Furthermore: Two rectangular grooves one are symmetrically formed at positions corresponding to the docking groove one on the outer wall of the connecting column. A clamping component is arranged in each of the two rectangular grooves one.

[0006] Furthermore: Two rectangular grooves two are symmetrically formed at positions corresponding to the docking groove two on the outer wall of the bottom cover. A clamping component is arranged in each of the two rectangular grooves two.

[0007] Furthermore: The clamping component includes a round rod. A clamping block is fixedly connected to the inner end of the round rod. A pull ring is rotatably connected to the outer end of the round rod. A second spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the round rod.

[0008] Furthermore: Two docking grooves are symmetrically formed on the outer walls of the docking block two and the docking block one. The docking grooves are matched with the clamping blocks.

[0009] Furthermore: The top surfaces of the two vertical rods are rotatably connected to a top cover through hinges.

[0010] Furthermore: Sliding grooves are formed on two opposite side walls of the top cover. A moving block is slidably connected in each of the two sliding grooves. A plugging rod is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the moving block. A first spring is connected between the moving block and the inner wall of the sliding groove.

[0011] Furthermore: Docking sleeves matched with the corresponding plugging rods are fixedly connected to two side walls of the two vertical rods.

[0012] Furthermore: The bottom surface of the sampling hopper is provided with an inclination angle towards the inside of the sampling cylinder.

[0013] The present invention also provides an operation method of a sampling device for detecting the composition structure of soil microbial communities in each layer of a beach area, which specifically includes the following steps: Step one: Screw the bottom cover onto the bottom of the sampling cylinder, and connect several sampling cylinders end to end in sequence, so that the docking block one is inserted and fixed with the bottom cover. Then insert the docking block one at the uppermost position into the docking groove one, and then insert the docking block two into the docking groove two at the lowermost position; Step 2: Take the base to the sampling area and insert the three insertion rods into the ground to make them stand vertically. Step 3: Open the top cover, align the two sliders and slide them into the two strip grooves respectively, fasten the top cover, and insert the insertion rod into the docking sleeve for fixation. Step 4: Hold the handle and apply downward pressure to insert the conical head into the soil until several sampling cylinders are all buried in the soil. Control the elongation of several electric telescopic rods to make several sampling buckets extend outwards. Hold the handle and rotate it towards the opening direction of the sampling bucket to make the sampling bucket take samples. Control the contraction of the electric telescopic rods to make the soil in the sampling bucket fall into the sampling cylinder for collection. According to the required number of samples, the operation can be repeated multiple times. Step 5: After sampling, control the contraction of the electric telescopic rods to drive the sampling buckets to retract into the sampling cylinders. Hold the handle upwards until the conical head is pulled out of the soil, and then the samples of each layer of soil can be obtained. Rotate the bottom cover to disassemble it to take out the soil samples in the corresponding sampling cylinders.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. By setting multiple spliceable sampling cylinders, it is possible to achieve accurate stratified sampling of each layer of soil in the beach area, avoiding the mixing between soil samples at different depths and ensuring the accuracy of the detection of the microbial community composition structure.

[0015] 2. Through the coordinated setting among the connecting column, connecting plate, sampling cylinder, conical head and vertical rod, the operator can realize embedding into the soil and sampling by holding the handle, with simple and fast operation, without the need for multi-person cooperation, thus improving the sampling efficiency.

[0016] 3. By having a rotatable bottom cover at the bottom of each sampling cylinder, it can effectively prevent the sample from leaking or being contaminated during the sampling process and ensure the integrity of each soil sample. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is the structure schematic diagram of the connecting column, conical head and sampling cylinder in the present invention; Figure 3 is the structure schematic diagram of the connecting plate in the present invention; Figure 4 is the internal structure schematic diagram of the sampling cylinder in the present invention; Figure 5 is the sectional structure schematic diagram of the bottom cover in the present invention; Figure 6 is the structure schematic diagram of area C in the present invention; Figure 7 is the enlarged schematic diagram of area A in the present invention; Figure 8It is an enlarged schematic view of area B in the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: 100, base; 110, first circular groove; 120, support leg; 130, insertion rod; 200, vertical rod; 210, strip-shaped groove; 220, top cover; 221, sliding groove; 230, moving block; 231, insertion rod; 232, first spring; 240, docking sleeve; 300, connecting column; 310, handle; 320, limiting ring; 330, first docking groove; 340, first rectangular groove; 400, connecting plate; 410, second circular groove; 420, slider; 500, sampling cylinder; 510, first docking block; 520, electric telescopic rod; 530, sampling hopper; 540, bottom cover; 541, second docking groove; 542, second rectangular groove; 600, conical head; 610, second docking block; 700, clamping assembly; 710, round rod; 720, clamping block; 730, pull ring; 740, second spring. Detailed implementation manners

[0019] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0020] Embodiment Please refer to Figure 1-8, in the embodiment of the present invention, a sampling device for detecting the composition structure of soil microbial communities in each layer of the beach area includes a base 100, a vertical rod 200, a connecting column 300, a connecting plate 400, a conical head 600, and a plurality of sampling cylinders 500. The bottom surface of the base 100 is fixedly connected with three support legs 120 at equal angles. A circular groove 110 is formed on the top surface of the base 100. The bottom surfaces of the three support legs 120 are all fixedly connected with insertion rods 130 for inserting into the soil to fix the device. There are two vertical rods 200 which are symmetric to each other. The bottom surfaces of the two vertical rods 200 are fixedly connected to the top surface of the base 100. Strip-shaped grooves 210 are formed on the opposite side walls of the two vertical rods 200. Two limiting rings 320 are sleeved and fixed on the outer wall of the connecting column 300. A handle 310 is fixedly connected to the top end of the connecting column 300. A docking groove 330 is formed at the bottom end of the connecting column 300. A circular groove 410 which is inserted and matched with the connecting column 300 is formed on the top surface of the connecting plate 400. The two limiting rings 320 are respectively in contact with the top surface of the connecting plate 400 and the ground. The connecting column 300 can drive the connecting plate 400 to move up and down and the connecting column 300 rotates relative to the connecting plate 400. Two sliding blocks 420 are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting plate 400. The two sliding blocks 420 are respectively slidably connected to the two strip-shaped grooves 210. A notch is formed on the outer wall of the sampling cylinder 500. A sampling hopper 530 is slidably inserted into the notch. The opening of the sampling hopper 530 is located on the side wall. An electric telescopic rod 520 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sampling cylinder 500. The output end of the electric telescopic rod 520 is connected to the side wall of the sampling hopper 530 located inside the sampling cylinder 500. A docking block 510 is arranged on the top surface of the sampling cylinder 500. A bottom cover 540 is screwed to the bottom surface of the sampling cylinder 500. A docking groove 541 which is matched with the docking block 510 is formed on the bottom surface of the bottom cover 540, so that a plurality of sampling cylinders 500 can be stacked or disassembled. A docking block 610 which is matched with the docking groove 541 is arranged on the top surface of the conical head 600.

[0021] Specifically, during use, the bottom cover 540 is screwed onto the bottom of the sampling cylinder 500. Then, multiple sampling cylinders 500 are connected end to end through the cooperation of the first docking block 510 and the second docking groove 541. The topmost first docking block 510 is connected to the first docking groove 330, and the lowermost second docking groove 541 is connected to the second docking block 610. The device is moved to the sampling area, and the three insertion rods 130 are inserted into the soil to fix the position of the device. The handle 310 is pressed down, and the slider 420 moves downward along the strip-shaped groove 210, causing the conical head 600 to guide the device into the soil. When the sampling cylinder 500 reaches the target depth, the electric telescopic rod 520 is controlled to extend, so that the sampling bucket 530 extends outward. The handle 310 is rotated to drive the sampling cylinder 500 to rotate synchronously, causing the sampling bucket 530 to collect soil samples. After the collection is completed, the electric telescopic rod 520 is controlled to contract, and the sampling bucket 530 retracts and leaves the soil samples inside the sampling cylinder 500. After sampling, the handle 310 is pulled upward to remove the device from the soil, and the sampling cylinder 500 is disassembled. By rotating the bottom cover 540, the soil samples at the corresponding depth can be taken out.

[0022] As Figure 2 , Figures 4-6 and Figure 8 shown, in this embodiment, two rectangular grooves 340 are symmetrically formed at the positions of the outer wall of the connecting column 300 corresponding to the first docking groove 330. Two clamping components 700 are arranged in the two rectangular grooves 340. Two rectangular grooves 542 are symmetrically formed at the positions of the outer wall of the bottom cover 540 corresponding to the second docking groove 541. Two clamping components 700 are arranged in the two rectangular grooves 542. The clamping component 700 includes a round rod 710. A clamping block 720 is fixedly connected to the inner end of the round rod 710. A pull ring 730 is rotatably connected to the outer end of the round rod 710. A second spring 740 is sleeved on the outer wall of the round rod 710. Two docking grooves are symmetrically formed on the outer walls of the second docking block 610 and the first docking block 510. The docking grooves cooperate with the clamping blocks 720. The first docking block 510 and the second docking block 610 have the same size, and the first docking groove 330 and the second docking groove 541 have the same size.

[0023] In this embodiment, during installation, for example, when the first docking block 510 is inserted into the second docking groove 541, the clamping block 720 will be squeezed and retracted into the rectangular groove 542, and the second spring 740 will be compressed. When the first docking block 510 is completely inserted into the second docking groove 541, the two docking grooves on the first docking block 510 correspond to the positions of the two clamping components 700 respectively. Under the elastic force of the second spring 740, the clamping block 720 is clamped with the corresponding docking groove, thereby realizing the fixation of the two sampling cylinders 500. When disassembly is required, the external pull ring 730 can be hooked and pulled outward with tools, so that the clamping block 720 is no longer clamped with the docking groove, and at this time, the two can be quickly disassembled.

[0024] As Figure 7As shown, in this embodiment, the top surfaces of the two vertical rods 200 are rotatably connected to the top covers 220 through hinges. Both opposite side walls of the top cover 220 are provided with sliding grooves 221. Sliding blocks 230 are slidably connected in the two sliding grooves 221. A plugging rod 231 is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the sliding block 230. A first spring 232 is connected between the sliding block 230 and the inner wall of the sliding groove 221. Docking sleeves 240 that cooperate with the corresponding plugging rods 231 are fixedly connected to both side walls of the two vertical rods 200.

[0025] During specific implementation, when it is necessary to disassemble the sampling cylinder 500, the sliding block 230 can be slid along the sliding groove 221 to contract the first spring 232, so that the plugging rod 231 is no longer plugged into the docking sleeve 240. At this time, the top cover 220 can be flipped to open the top of the strip-shaped groove 210. At this time, the connecting plate 400 together with the connecting column 300 / the sampling cylinder 500 and the conical head 600 can be separated from the vertical rod 200, which facilitates the disassembly of a plurality of sampling cylinders 500. Similarly, during installation, the sampling cylinder 500 for sampling can be assembled first, then the slider 420 can be aligned and plugged into the strip-shaped groove 210, and finally the top cover 220 is flipped to plug the plugging rod 231 into the docking sleeve 240 to block the top of the strip-shaped groove 210, and then they can be carried together.

[0026] As Figure 4 shown, in this embodiment, the bottom surface of the sampling hopper 530 is provided with an inclination angle towards the inside of the sampling cylinder 500.

[0027] During specific implementation, due to the setting of the inclination angle, when the sampling cylinder 500 rotates, the soil gradually accumulated in the sampling hopper 530 can gradually fall into the sampling cylinder 500 along the inclination angle, which is convenient for sampling.

[0028] In this application, a method for a sampling device for detecting the composition structure of soil microbial communities in each layer of the beach area is also provided. The method specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: Screw the bottom cover 540 onto the bottom of the sampling cylinder 500, and connect several sampling cylinders 500 end to end in sequence, so that the first docking block 510 is plugged and fixed to the bottom cover 540. Then plug the first docking block 510 at the topmost into the first docking groove 330, and then plug the second docking block 610 into the second docking groove 541 at the lowermost. Step 2: Carry the base 100 to the sampling area, and insert the three plugging rods 130 into the ground to make them stand vertically. Step 3: Open the top cover 220, align the two sliders 420 and slide them into the two strip-shaped grooves 210 respectively, buckle the top cover 220, and insert the plugging rod 231 into the docking sleeve 240 for fixation. Step 4: Hold the handle 310 and apply downward pressure to insert the conical head 600 downward into the soil until several sampling cylinders 500 are all buried in the soil. Control the elongation of several electric telescopic rods 520 to extend several sampling buckets 530 outward. Hold the handle 310 and rotate it in the opening direction of the sampling bucket 530 to make the sampling bucket 530 take samples. Control the contraction of the electric telescopic rod 520 to make the soil in the sampling bucket 530 fall into the sampling cylinder 500 for collection. The operation can be repeated multiple times according to the required sample quantity. Step 5: After sampling, control the contraction of the electric telescopic rod 520 to drive the sampling bucket 530 to retract into the sampling cylinder 500. Hold the handle 310 upward until the conical head 600 is pulled out of the soil, and then the soil samples of each layer can be obtained. Rotate the bottom cover 540 to disassemble it to take out the soil samples in the corresponding sampling cylinder 500.

[0029] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claimed rights. In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to embodiments, not every embodiment only contains an independent technical solution. This narrative way of the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A sampling device for detecting the composition structure of soil microbial communities in each layer of the floodplain area, characterized in that, Comprising: A base (100) whose bottom surface is fixedly connected with three support legs (120) at equal angles. Plug rods (130) are fixedly connected to the bottom surfaces of the three support legs (120). A first circular groove (110) is formed on the top surface of the base (100). Two vertical rods (200) are provided. The bottom surfaces of the two vertical rods (200) are fixedly connected to the top surface of the base (100). Strip-shaped grooves (210) are formed on the opposite side walls of the two vertical rods (200). A connecting column (300) whose outer wall is sleeved and fixed with two limiting rings (320). A handle (310) is fixedly connected to the top end of the connecting column (300). A first docking groove (330) is formed at the bottom end of the connecting column (300). A connecting plate (400) whose top surface is provided with a second circular groove (410) that is inserted and matched with the connecting column (300). Two sliding blocks (420) are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting plate (400). The two sliding blocks (420) are respectively slidably connected to the two strip-shaped grooves (210). A number of sampling cylinders (500) are provided. A notch is formed on the outer wall of the sampling cylinder (500). A sampling hopper (530) is slidably inserted into the notch. The opening of the sampling hopper (530) is located on the side wall. An electric telescopic rod (520) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sampling cylinder (500). The output end of the electric telescopic rod (520) is connected to the inner side wall of the sampling hopper (530). A first docking block (510) is provided on the top surface of the sampling cylinder (500). A bottom cover (540) is screwed to the bottom surface of the sampling cylinder (500). A second docking groove (541) that is matched with the first docking block (510) is formed on the bottom surface of the bottom cover (540). A conical head (600) whose top surface is provided with a second docking block (610) that is matched with the second docking groove (541).

2. The sampling device for detecting the composition structure of soil microbial communities in each layer of the floodplain area according to claim 1, wherein, Two rectangular grooves one (340) are symmetrically formed at positions on the outer wall of the connecting column (300) corresponding to the first docking groove (330). Two clamping components (700) are arranged in the two rectangular grooves one (340).

3. The sampling device for detecting the composition structure of soil microbial communities in each layer of the floodplain area according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two rectangular grooves two (542) are symmetrically formed at positions on the outer wall of the bottom cover (540) corresponding to the second docking groove (541). Two clamping components (700) are arranged in the two rectangular grooves two (542).

4. The sampling device for detecting the composition structure of soil microbial communities in each layer of the floodplain area according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The clamping component (700) includes a round rod (710). A clamping block (720) is fixedly connected to the inner end of the round rod (710). A pull ring (730) is rotatably connected to the outer end of the round rod (710). A second spring (740) is sleeved on the outer wall of the round rod (710).

5. The sampling device for detecting the composition structure of soil microbial communities in each layer of the floodplain area according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two docking grooves are symmetrically formed on the outer walls of the second docking block (610) and the first docking block (510). The docking grooves are matched with the clamping block (720).

6. The sampling device for detecting the composition structure of soil microbial communities in each layer of the floodplain area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top surfaces of the two vertical rods (200) are rotatably connected to a top cover (220) through hinges.

7. The sampling device for detecting the composition structure of soil microbial communities in each layer of the floodplain area according to claim 6, characterized in that, Two sliding grooves (221) are formed on the two opposite side walls of the top cover (220). Two moving blocks (230) are slidably connected in the two sliding grooves (221). A plugging rod (231) is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the moving block (230). A first spring (232) is connected between the moving block (230) and the inner wall of the sliding groove (221).

8. The sampling device for detecting the composition structure of soil microbial communities in each layer of the floodplain area according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that, Two side walls of the two vertical rods (200) are fixedly connected with docking sleeves (240) that cooperate with the corresponding insertion rods (231).

9. The sampling device for detecting the composition structure of soil microbial communities in each layer of the floodplain area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom surface of the sampling hopper (530) is provided with an inclination angle towards the inside of the sampling cylinder (500).

10. The operating method of a sampling device for detecting the composition structure of soil microbial communities in each layer of the beach area, characterized in that, Applied to the sampling device for detecting the composition structure of soil microbial communities in each layer of the beach area according to any one of claims 1-9, the method specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: Screw the bottom cover (540) onto the bottom of the sampling cylinder (500), and connect several sampling cylinders (500) end to end in sequence, so that the first docking block (510) is inserted and fixed to the bottom cover (540). Then, insert the first docking block (510) at the uppermost position into the first docking groove (330), and insert the second docking block (610) into the second docking groove (541) at the lowermost position. Step 2: Carry the base (100) to the sampling area, and insert the three insertion rods (130) into the ground to make them stand vertically. Step 3: Open the top cover (220), align the two sliders (420) and slide them into the two strip-shaped grooves (210) respectively, fasten the top cover (220), and insert the insertion rod (231) into the docking sleeve (240) for fixation. Step 4: Hold the handle (310) and apply downward pressure to insert the conical head (600) into the soil until several sampling cylinders (500) are all buried in the soil. Control the elongation of several electric telescopic rods (520) to extend several sampling hoppers (530) outward. Hold the handle (310) and rotate it towards the opening direction of the sampling hopper (530) to make the sampling hopper (530) take samples. Control the contraction of the electric telescopic rod (520) to make the soil in the sampling hopper (530) fall into the sampling cylinder (500) for collection. It can be operated repeatedly according to the required number of samples. Step 5: After sampling, control the contraction of the electric telescopic rod (520) to drive the sampling hopper (530) to retract into the sampling cylinder (500). Hold the handle (310) upward until the conical head (600) is pulled out of the soil, and the samples of each layer of soil can be obtained. Rotate the bottom cover (540) to disassemble it to take out the soil samples in the corresponding sampling cylinder (500).

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