Battery module level fire simulation and suppression experiment device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery module level fire simulation and suppression experiment device and method.The battery module level fire simulation and suppression experiment device comprises an experiment frame, a power supply control assembly, an igniter, a data acquisition assembly and a foam fire extinguishing assembly, an experiment cavity is defined between anti-explosion transparent glass and the experiment frame, and the power supply control assembly is used for overcharging a to-be-tested battery module; the igniter is used for igniting combustible gas discharged during thermal runaway of the to-be-tested battery module; the data acquisition assembly is used for acquiring the temperature and voltage of a battery module to be tested; and the foam fire extinguishing assembly is used for spraying a foam fire extinguishing agent to the combusted battery module to be detected. The lithium iron phosphate battery module level fire prevention and suppression experiment device is beneficial to promoting development of a lithium iron phosphate battery module level fire prevention and suppression technology, researchers can better understand a thermal runaway mechanism of a lithium iron phosphate battery module and develop an effective fire prevention and suppression strategy through the experiment device, and therefore the safety and reliability of a whole electrochemical energy storage system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery module experimental devices, and particularly relates to a battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experimental device and method. Background Art

[0002] With the wide application of renewable energy and the rapid development of electrochemical energy storage technology, lithium iron phosphate batteries have become an important part of electrochemical energy storage components due to their high energy density, long cycle life, low environmental pollution, and good safety. However, despite many advantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries, they still have the risk of thermal runaway. Especially under abusive conditions such as overcharging, over-discharging, mechanical damage, or internal short circuit, the battery may undergo thermal runaway, which may lead to fire or even explosion.

[0003] Currently, most fire simulation experiments focus on single cells, making it difficult to address module-level research topics. Moreover, the test equipment and methods are difficult to truly simulate the thermal runaway and fire processes of battery modules in actual application environments. In addition, regarding the research on battery fire suppression methods, although there have been some studies on fire extinguishing agents and components, there is still a lack of effective suppression technologies and experimental devices for lithium iron phosphate battery module-level fires. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent.

[0005] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experimental device and method.

[0006] The battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experimental device according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an experimental rack, a power control component, an igniter, a data acquisition component, and a foam fire extinguishing component. An explosion-proof transparent glass is provided circumferentially on the experimental rack, and an experimental chamber is defined between the explosion-proof transparent glass and the experimental rack for placing a battery module to be tested. The power control component is used to overcharge the battery module to be tested in the experimental chamber to reach a thermal runaway state. The igniter is arranged in the experimental chamber and is used to ignite the combustible gas discharged when the battery module to be tested undergoes thermal runaway. The data acquisition component is used to collect the temperature and voltage of the battery module to be tested. The foam fire extinguishing component is used to spray foam fire extinguishing agent onto the burning battery module to be tested.

[0007] In some embodiments, a fireproof layer is provided in the experimental chamber and is used to fit on the outer circumferential surface of the battery module to be tested.

[0008] In some embodiments, the igniter is arranged adjacent to the safety valve of the battery cell of the battery module to be tested.

[0009] In some embodiments, the power control component includes a main power supply and an auxiliary power supply. The main power supply is used to overcharge the battery module under test, and the auxiliary power supply is used to supply power to the igniter, the data acquisition component, and the foam fire extinguishing component.

[0010] In some embodiments, the data acquisition component includes a temperature collector, a temperature sensor, a voltage collector, and a data processor. The temperature sensor is disposed on the outer surface of the battery module under test and is connected to the data processor through the temperature collector. The electrodes of the battery cells of the battery module under test are connected to the data processor through the voltage collector.

[0011] In some embodiments, the foam fire extinguishing component includes a water tank, a foam concentrate tank, a foam proportioning pump, and a nozzle. The foam proportioning pump is respectively connected to the water tank and the foam concentrate tank to mix water and foam concentrate in a preset proportion to generate a foam fire extinguishing agent. The nozzle is disposed in the experimental chamber and is connected to the foam proportioning pump. The nozzle is used to spray the foam fire extinguishing agent configured by the foam proportioning pump onto the burning battery module under test to suppress the combustion of the battery module under test.

[0012] In some embodiments, the foam fire extinguishing component further includes an air compressor, and the air compressor is communicated with the foam proportioning pump to use compressed air to drive the foam fire extinguishing agent prepared by the foam proportioning pump to be transported to the nozzle.

[0013] In some embodiments, the foam fire extinguishing component further includes a pressure reducing valve, and the pressure reducing valve is disposed between the nozzle and the foam proportioning pump to adjust the spraying pressure of the nozzle.

[0014] In some embodiments, the experimental chamber is provided with a plurality of partition plates, and the plurality of partition plates are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the experimental rack to divide the experimental chamber into a plurality of sub-chambers. Each sub-chamber is provided with at least one nozzle, and the nozzle is connected to the pressure reducing valve through a control valve.

[0015] The battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experiment method according to the embodiments of the present invention is applied to the battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experiment device described in any of the above embodiments, and includes:

[0016] S1. Start the power control component, the data acquisition component, and the foam fire extinguishing component;

[0017] S2. Trigger the thermal runaway state of the battery cells of the battery module under test in a way of overcharging at 0.5C;

[0018] S3. Use the data acquisition component to collect the temperature data and voltage data of the battery module under test;

[0019] S4. Start the igniter. After igniting the battery cells of the battery module to be tested, turn off the igniter.

[0020] S5. After pre-combusting for 1 minute, use the foam fire extinguishing component to release the foam fire extinguishing agent to the burning battery module. After releasing the foam for 1 minute, turn off the foam fire extinguishing component.

[0021] S6. If the open fire is not extinguished, start the foam fire extinguishing component again. After releasing the foam fire extinguishing agent for 1 minute, turn off the foam fire extinguishing component.

[0022] S7. Repeat step S6, and record the spraying time, number of times and dosage of the foam fire extinguishing agent.

[0023] S8. After the temperature of the battery module to be tested after combustion has stably dropped to 100 °C, turn off the power control component, the data acquisition component and the foam fire extinguishing component.

[0024] S9. Observe whether there is re-ignition, explosion and the valve opening phenomenon of the adjacent battery cells of the overcharged battery module within 24 hours after the experiment ends.

[0025] S10. Process the temperature and voltage data obtained from the experiment. Description of the Drawings

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experimental device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the foam fire extinguishing component according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Reference Signs:

[0029] 100. Battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experimental device; 1. Experimental rack; 2. Explosion-proof transparent glass; 3. Experimental chamber; 4. Battery module to be tested; 5. Power control component; 501. Main power supply; 502. Auxiliary power supply; 6. Igniter; 7. Data acquisition component; 701. Temperature collector; 702. Voltage collector; 703. Data processor; 8. Foam fire extinguishing component; 801. Water tank; 802. Foam concentrate tank; 803. Foam proportioning pump; 804. Sprinkler; 805. Air compressor; 806. Pressure reducing valve; 9. Partition board; 10. Control valve. Detailed Embodiments

[0030] The following details the embodiments of the present invention. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0031] As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, the battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experimental device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an experimental rack 1, a power control component 5, an igniter 6, a data acquisition component 7, and a foam fire extinguishing component 8. An explosion-proof transparent glass 2 is provided circumferentially on the experimental rack 1. An experimental cavity 3 is defined between the explosion-proof transparent glass 2 and the experimental rack 1, and the experimental cavity 3 is used to place the battery module to be tested 4. The power control component 5 is used to overcharge the battery module to be tested 4 in the experimental cavity 3 to reach the thermal runaway state. The igniter 6 is arranged in the experimental cavity 3 and is used to ignite the combustible gas discharged when the battery module to be tested 4 is in thermal runaway. The data acquisition component 7 is used to collect the temperature and voltage of the battery module to be tested 4. The foam fire extinguishing component 8 is used to spray foam fire extinguishing agent onto the burning battery module to be tested 4.

[0032] When the battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experimental device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention is in an experiment, the battery module to be tested (such as a lithium iron phosphate battery module) is placed in the experimental cavity 3 set on the experimental rack 1. The explosion-proof transparent glass 2 is provided around the experimental cavity 3, which not only ensures the safety of the experimental operation but also facilitates the observation of the experimental process. The power control component 5 is used to overcharge the battery module in the experimental cavity 3. Overcharging causes the battery to enter thermal runaway. As the temperature and voltage inside the battery module change, the data acquisition component 7 monitors and records these parameters in real time to determine whether the battery has entered the thermal runaway state. When the battery module is in thermal runaway, combustible gas will be discharged, and the igniter 6 is used to ignite these gases to simulate a real fire scene. Once a fire occurs, the foam fire extinguishing component 8 will spray foam fire extinguishing agent onto the burning battery module to suppress the fire and verify the fire extinguishing effect.

[0033] The battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experimental device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention can simulate the thermal runaway and fire processes of the battery module in the actual application environment, which helps to more accurately study and evaluate the thermal safety performance of the battery module. Through the design of the explosion-proof transparent glass 2 and the experimental cavity 3, the safety of the experimental operator is ensured. The data acquisition component 7 can accurately monitor key parameters such as temperature and voltage, which helps to analyze the evolution process of thermal runaway. The use of the foam fire extinguishing component 8 provides an experimental means for studying effective suppression technologies for lithium iron phosphate battery module-level fires. The present invention helps to promote the development of lithium iron phosphate battery module-level fire prevention and suppression technologies. Through this experimental device, researchers can better understand the thermal runaway mechanism of lithium iron phosphate battery modules, develop effective fire prevention and suppression strategies, and thus improve the safety and reliability of the entire electrochemical energy storage system.

[0034] Optionally, the model of the lithium iron phosphate battery module cell is a square lithium iron phosphate battery of 280 Ah, and the number of cells can be 3, 5, 7, or 9.

[0035] In some embodiments, a fireproof layer is provided inside the experimental chamber 3, and the fireproof layer is used to fit on the outer peripheral surface of the battery module 4 to be tested.

[0036] The fireproof layer can fit on the outer peripheral surface of the battery module 4 to be tested, providing additional heat insulation protection for the battery module. When the battery module undergoes thermal runaway, the fireproof layer can slow down the heat transfer, reduce the surface temperature of the module, thereby reducing the damage to the module itself caused by thermal runaway. If a fire occurs in the battery module, the fireproof layer can limit the spread of the flame and prevent the fire from spreading to the surrounding environment, thereby protecting the safety of the equipment inside and outside the experimental chamber 3. The presence of the fireproof layer improves the safety of the experiment, provides additional protection for the experimental operators, and reduces the safety risks caused by thermal runaway of the battery module.

[0037] Optionally, the fireproof layer material can be ceramic fiber cotton, polystyrene foam or polyester fiber.

[0038] In some embodiments, the igniter 6 is arranged adjacent to the safety valve of the battery core of the battery module 4 to be tested.

[0039] When the battery module undergoes thermal runaway, the internal pressure of the battery core may increase, causing the safety valve to open to release the pressure. Combustible gases will be discharged during this process. The arrangement of the igniter 6 adjacent to the safety valve can ensure that the discharged combustible gases are ignited instantly when the safety valve opens, thereby more precisely simulating the fire caused by thermal runaway. By igniting near the safety valve, the experimental results are closer to the situations that the battery module may encounter in actual applications, improving the practical value of the experimental results.

[0040] In some embodiments, the power control component 5 includes a main power supply 501 and an auxiliary power supply 502. The main power supply 501 is used to overcharge the battery module 4 to be tested, and the auxiliary power supply 502 is used to supply power to the igniter 6, the data acquisition component 7 and the foam fire extinguishing component 8.

[0041] The main function of the main power supply 501 is to provide an overcharging current for the battery module 4 to be tested. By precisely controlling the charging current and voltage, the thermal runaway situation of the battery module under overcharging conditions can be simulated. The auxiliary power supply 502 is responsible for providing a stable power supply for the igniter 6, the data acquisition component 7 and the foam fire extinguishing component 8 to ensure the normal operation of these components during the experiment.

[0042] By separating the main power supply 501 and the auxiliary power supply 502, it is ensured that even if the main power supply 501 malfunctions, it will not affect the operation of the igniter 6, the data acquisition component 7 and the foam fire extinguishing component 8, improving the reliability and safety of the experiment. The setting of the auxiliary power supply 502 makes the control of the igniter 6, the data acquisition component 7 and the foam fire extinguishing component 8 more flexible. These components can be independently controlled without affecting the charging of the battery module by the main power supply 501.

[0043] Optionally, the voltages of the main power supply 501 and the auxiliary power supply 502 are 50V, and the currents are 500A.

[0044] In some embodiments, the data acquisition component 7 includes a temperature collector 701, a temperature sensor, a voltage collector 702, and a data processor 703. The temperature sensor is provided on the outer surface of the battery module 4 to be tested and is connected to the data processor 703 through the temperature collector 701. The electrodes of the battery cells of the battery module 4 to be tested are connected to the data processor 703 through the voltage collector 702.

[0045] The temperature collector 701 is responsible for collecting the data of the temperature sensor and transmitting it to the data processor 703. The temperature sensor is installed on the outer surface of the battery module 4 to be tested for real-time monitoring of the surface temperature change of the battery module. The voltage collector 702 is used to collect the voltage data of the battery module cell electrodes and transmit it to the data processor 703. The data processor 703 receives the data from the temperature collector 701 and the voltage collector 702, and performs processing and analysis.

[0046] The data acquisition component 7 can monitor the temperature and voltage changes of the battery module in real time, which is very important for capturing early signals of thermal runaway. By monitoring the real-time data, researchers can more precisely control the experimental conditions, such as adjusting the charging rate, detecting the operation of the safety valve, etc. The simultaneous acquisition and processing of temperature and voltage data help to analyze the relationship between the two and how they jointly affect the thermal behavior of the battery. The data processor 703 can quickly process a large amount of data, providing researchers with detailed information on the thermal runaway process, which helps to accelerate the analysis of experimental results. Real-time monitoring of the state of the battery module can take timely measures when abnormalities occur, improving the safety of the experiment.

[0047] Optionally, the temperature collector 701 is a K-type thermocouple with a wire length of 5m. The accuracy of the voltage collector 702 is ±0.1V. The collector should be able to continuously monitor and record the parameters during the test, and the acquisition period is no more than 1s. The fixing tape used for the temperature collector 701 and the voltage collector 702 can be Teflon tape or high-temperature tape.

[0048] In some embodiments, the foam fire extinguishing component 8 includes a water tank 801, a foam concentrate tank 802, a foam proportioning pump 803, and a nozzle 804. The foam proportioning pump 803 is respectively connected to the water tank 801 and the foam concentrate tank 802 to mix water and foam concentrate in a preset proportion to generate a foam fire extinguishing agent. The nozzle 804 is provided in the experimental chamber 3 and is connected to the foam proportioning pump 803. The nozzle 804 is used to spray the foam fire extinguishing agent configured by the foam proportioning pump 803 onto the burning battery module 4 to be tested to suppress the combustion of the battery module 4 to be tested.

[0049] The foam proportioning pump 803 draws water and foam concentrate from the water tank 801 and the foam concentrate tank 802 according to the set proportion, and mixes them to generate a foam fire extinguishing agent. The mixed foam fire extinguishing agent is sprayed onto the fuel cell module in the experimental chamber 3 through the nozzle 804 to cover the combustion area and suppress the fire. The foam fire extinguishing assembly 8 can be quickly activated to provide a rapid response for suppressing fires in emergency situations. The foam proportioning pump 803 can accurately control the mixing ratio of water and foam concentrate to ensure the fire extinguishing effect of the foam fire extinguishing agent. The foam fire extinguishing agent can cover the combustion area, isolate oxygen, effectively suppress combustion, and reduce the damage caused by the fire.

[0050] Optionally, the foam concentrate in the foam concentrate tank 802 is Class A foam concentrate.

[0051] In some embodiments, the foam fire extinguishing assembly 8 further includes an air compressor 805. The air compressor 805 is connected to the foam proportioning pump 803 to use compressed air to drive the foam fire extinguishing agent prepared by the foam proportioning pump 803 to the nozzle 804.

[0052] Compressed air supply The air compressor 805 generates compressed air, and this compressed air is guided to the foam proportioning pump 803. Transportation of the foam fire extinguishing agent The compressed air pushes the mixed liquid in the foam proportioning pump 803 and transports it to the nozzle 804. Spraying for fire extinguishing The foam fire extinguishing agent is sprayed onto the fuel cell module in the experimental chamber 3 through the nozzle 804 to achieve the purpose of extinguishing the fire or suppressing the fire, improving the transportation efficiency of the foam fire extinguishing agent.

[0053] In some embodiments, the foam fire extinguishing assembly 8 further includes a pressure reducing valve 806. The pressure reducing valve 806 is provided between the nozzle 804 and the foam proportioning pump 803 for adjusting the spraying pressure of the nozzle 804.

[0054] The main function of the pressure reducing valve 806 is to adjust the spraying pressure of the foam fire extinguishing agent from the foam proportioning pump 803 to the nozzle 804. By adjusting the pressure reducing valve 806, it can be ensured that the foam is sprayed at an appropriate pressure, which can not only effectively cover the combustion area but also prevent the foam from being overly dispersed or damaging the nozzle 804 due to excessive pressure. The pressure reducing valve 806 can also protect the system from damage caused by over-high pressure and ensure the long-term stable operation of the system. Under different experimental conditions, different spraying pressures may be required to achieve the best fire extinguishing effect, and the pressure reducing valve 806 makes it possible to adjust the spraying pressure to meet different experimental requirements.

[0055] In some embodiments, the experimental chamber 3 is provided with a plurality of partitions 9. The plurality of partitions 9 are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the experimental rack 1 to divide the experimental chamber 3 into a plurality of sub-chambers. Each sub-chamber is provided with at least one nozzle 804, and the nozzle 804 is connected to the pressure reducing valve 806 through a control valve 10.

[0056] The partition plates 9 are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the experimental rack 1, dividing the experimental chamber 3 into multiple sub-chambers. Each sub-chamber can conduct experiments independently or simulate different fire scenarios. Each sub-chamber is provided with at least one sprinkler head 804 for spraying foam fire extinguishing agent onto the burning battery module 4 to be tested. The sprinkler head 804 is connected to a pressure reducing valve 806 through a control valve 10, so that the spraying pressure and flow rate of each sprinkler head 804 can be adjusted through the control valve 10.

[0057] The partition plates 9 divide the experimental chamber 3 into multiple sub-chambers, enabling each sub-chamber to conduct experiments independently and improving the parallel processing ability of the experiments. Different sub-chambers can simulate battery module fires of different sizes or types, providing more experimental conditions for research. Through the control valve 10, the spraying of each sprinkler head 804 can be precisely controlled, including the opening and closing of the spraying, as well as the spraying pressure and flow rate. The partition plates 9 can isolate the fire and prevent the fire from spreading from one sub-chamber to another, thereby enhancing the safety of the experiment. The design of multiple sub-chambers allows multiple experiments to be conducted simultaneously, improving the efficiency of the experiment and saving time.

[0058] The battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experiment method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied to the battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experiment device 100 in any of the above embodiments, and includes:

[0059] S1. Start the power control component 5, the data acquisition component 7, and the foam fire extinguishing component 8;

[0060] S2. Trigger the thermal runaway state of the battery cells of the battery module 4 to be tested in a way of overcharging at 0.5C;

[0061] S3. Use the data acquisition component 7 to collect the temperature data and voltage data of the battery module 4 to be tested;

[0062] S4. Start the igniter 6, and after igniting the battery cells of the battery module 4 to be tested, turn off the igniter 6;

[0063] S5. After pre-combusting for 1 minute, use the foam fire extinguishing component 8 to release foam fire extinguishing agent to the burning battery module, and turn off the foam fire extinguishing component 8 after releasing the foam for 1 minute;

[0064] S6. If the open fire is not extinguished, start the foam fire extinguishing component 8 again, and turn off the foam fire extinguishing component 8 after releasing the foam fire extinguishing agent for 1 minute;

[0065] S7. Repeat step S6, and record the spraying time, number of times, and dosage of the foam fire extinguishing agent;

[0066] S8. After the temperature of the burned battery module 4 to be tested has stably dropped to 100°C, turn off the power control component 5, the data acquisition component 7, and the foam fire extinguishing component 8;

[0067] S9. Observe whether there is reignition, explosion, or valve opening of adjacent cells in the overcharged battery module within 24 hours after the observation experiment ends;

[0068] S10. Process the temperature and voltage data obtained from the experiment.

[0069] The battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experiment method of the embodiments of the present invention provides a systematic experimental process for evaluating the behavior of the battery module in thermal runaway and fire situations and the effectiveness of the foam fire extinguishing system. The following are the detailed steps and purposes of this experimental method:

[0070] Start components (S1): Start the power control component 5, data acquisition component 7, and foam fire extinguishing component 8 required for the experiment to ensure that all devices are ready.

[0071] Overcharge to trigger thermal runaway (S2): Overcharge the cells of the battery module 4 to be tested at a rate of 0.5C, which is a common way to trigger battery thermal runaway. 0.5C means that the battery can be charged to 50% of its rated capacity within half an hour, and such a rate may cause the internal temperature of the battery to rise, leading to thermal runaway.

[0072] Data acquisition (S3): Use the data acquisition component 7 to continuously monitor and record the temperature data and voltage data of the battery module 4 to be tested. These data are crucial for analyzing the development of thermal runaway and the fire extinguishing effect.

[0073] Ignite the combustible gas (S4): Start the igniter 6 to ignite the combustible gas discharged from the battery module cells to simulate a real fire scenario.

[0074] Pre-combustion and foam fire extinguishing (S5): After pre-combusting for 1 minute, start the foam fire extinguishing component 8 to release the foam fire extinguishing agent towards the burning battery module, and then turn off the foam fire extinguishing component 8 after 1 minute.

[0075] Repeat fire extinguishing (S6): If the open fire is not extinguished, repeat step S5, release the foam fire extinguishing agent again for 1 minute, and then turn off the foam fire extinguishing component 8.

[0076] Record data (S7): Record the spraying time, number of times, and dosage of the foam fire extinguishing agent. These data are very important for evaluating the fire extinguishing efficiency and optimizing the fire extinguishing strategy.

[0077] Shut down components (S8): When the temperature of the burned battery module stably drops to 100 °C, turn off the power control component 5, data acquisition component 7, and foam fire extinguishing component 8, and the main part of the experiment ends.

[0078] Observe reignition and overcharge phenomena (S9): Within 24 hours after the experiment ends, observe whether the battery module shows reignition, explosion, or valve opening of adjacent cells. These phenomena are crucial for evaluating the safety of the battery.

[0079] Processing data (S10): Finally, process and analyze the temperature and voltage data obtained in the experiment to evaluate the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery module and the fire extinguishing effect of the foam fire extinguishing component 8.

[0080] This experimental method provides a complete experimental process, with clear regulations for each step from experimental preparation to data processing. Through detailed steps and parameter settings, the repeatability of the experimental results is ensured. The safety of the experiment is considered, including shutting down the experimental components only after the temperature drops to a safe level. It can effectively simulate and evaluate the thermal runaway and fire situations of the battery module, as well as the performance of the foam fire extinguishing system.

[0081] Through this experimental method, researchers can better understand the thermal runaway mechanism of the battery module and develop more effective fire prevention and suppression strategies.

[0082] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

[0083] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0084] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "mounted", "connected", "connected to", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0085] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, a first feature being "on" or "under" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are indirectly in contact via an intermediate medium. Further, a first feature being "above", "over" or "on top of" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. A first feature being "under", "below" or "beneath" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.

[0086] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "an example", "a specific example", or "some examples", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0087] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experimental device, characterized in that, Comprising: An experimental rack (1), an explosion-proof transparent glass (2) is provided circumferentially on the experimental rack (1), an experimental chamber (3) is defined between the explosion-proof transparent glass (2) and the experimental rack (1), and the experimental chamber (3) is used to place the battery module to be tested (4); A power control component (5), the power control component (5) is used to overcharge the battery module to be tested (4) in the experimental chamber (3) to reach a thermal runaway state; An igniter (6), the igniter (6) is arranged in the experimental chamber (3) and is used to ignite the combustible gas discharged when the battery module to be tested (4) is in thermal runaway; A data acquisition component (7), the data acquisition component (7) is used to acquire the temperature and voltage of the battery module to be tested (4); A foam fire extinguishing component (8), the foam fire extinguishing component (8) is used to spray foam fire extinguishing agent onto the burning battery module to be tested (4).

2. The battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A fireproof layer is provided in the experimental chamber (3), and the fireproof layer is used to fit on the outer circumferential surface of the battery module to be tested (4).

3. The battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experimental device according to claim 1, wherein The igniter (6) is arranged adjacent to the safety valve of the battery cell of the battery module to be tested (4).

4. The battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experimental device according to claim 1, wherein The power control component (5) includes a main power supply (501) and an auxiliary power supply (502), the main power supply (501) is used to overcharge the battery module to be tested (4), and the auxiliary power supply (502) is used to supply power to the igniter (6), the data acquisition component (7) and the foam fire extinguishing component (8).

5. The battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experimental device according to claim 1, wherein The data acquisition component (7) includes a temperature collector (701), a temperature sensor, a voltage collector (702) and a data processor (703), the temperature sensor is arranged on the outer surface of the battery module to be tested (4) and is connected to the data processor (703) through the temperature collector (701), and the electrode of the battery cell of the battery module to be tested (4) is connected to the data processor (703) through the voltage collector (702).

6. The battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experimental device according to claim 1, wherein The foam fire extinguishing component (8) includes a water tank (801), a foam concentrate tank (802), a foam proportioning pump (803) and a nozzle (804), the foam proportioning pump (803) is respectively connected to the water tank (801) and the foam concentrate tank (802) to mix water and foam concentrate in a preset proportion to generate foam fire extinguishing agent, the nozzle (804) is arranged in the experimental chamber (3) and is connected to the foam proportioning pump (803), and the nozzle (804) is used to spray the foam fire extinguishing agent configured by the foam proportioning pump (803) onto the burning battery module to be tested (4) to suppress the combustion of the battery module to be tested (4).

7. The battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experimental device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The foam fire extinguishing component (8) further includes an air compressor (805), the air compressor (805) is communicated with the foam proportioning pump (803) to use compressed air to drive the foam fire extinguishing agent configured by the foam proportioning pump (803) to be transported to the nozzle (804).

8. The battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experimental device according to claim 7, wherein, The foam fire extinguishing component (8) further includes a pressure reducing valve (806), the pressure reducing valve (806) is arranged between the nozzle (804) and the foam proportioning pump (803) and is used to adjust the spraying pressure of the nozzle (804).

9. The battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experimental device according to claim 8, wherein, The experimental chamber (3) is provided with a plurality of partition plates (9), and the plurality of partition plates (9) are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the experimental rack (1) to divide the experimental chamber (3) into a plurality of sub-chambers. Each sub-chamber is provided with at least one of the spray nozzles (804), and the spray nozzles (804) are connected to the pressure reducing valve (806) through control valves (10).

10. A battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experimental method, characterized in that, This method is applied to the battery module-level fire simulation and suppression experimental device described in any one of claims 1-9, and includes: S1. Start the power control component (5), the data acquisition component (7) and the foam fire extinguishing component (8); S2. Trigger the thermal runaway state of the battery cells of the battery module under test (4) by overcharging at 0.5C; S3. Use the data acquisition component (7) to collect the temperature data and voltage data of the battery module under test (4); S4. Start the igniter (6), and after igniting the battery cells of the battery module under test (4), turn off the igniter (6); S5. After pre-burning for 1 minute, use the foam fire extinguishing component (8) to release the foam fire extinguishing agent to the burning battery module, and turn off the foam fire extinguishing component (8) after releasing the foam for 1 minute; S6. If the open fire is not extinguished, start the foam fire extinguishing component (8) again, and turn off the foam fire extinguishing component (8) after releasing the foam fire extinguishing agent for 1 minute; S7. Repeat step S6, and record the spraying time, number of times and dosage of the foam fire extinguishing agent; S8. After the temperature of the battery module under test (4) after combustion has stably dropped to 100 °C, turn off the power control component (5), the data acquisition component (7) and the foam fire extinguishing component (8); S9. Observe whether there is re-ignition, explosion and valve opening phenomenon of the adjacent battery cells of the overcharged battery module within 24 hours after the experiment ends; S10. Process the temperature and voltage data obtained from the experiment.

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