Dimming laminated glass and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses dimming laminated glass and a vehicle, the dimming laminated glass comprises an outer glass sheet, a dimming diaphragm and an inner glass sheet, the outer glass sheet is connected with the dimming diaphragm through a first bonding layer, and the inner glass sheet is connected with the dimming diaphragm through a second bonding layer; the dimming diaphragm has a shielding state attenuation characteristic, when a predetermined voltage pulse is applied to the dimming diaphragm, the dimming laminated glass enters a specific shielding state, and the process of entering the specific shielding state of the dimming laminated glass comprises the steps of firstly entering an initial shielding state, and entering a stable shielding state from the initial shielding state after a predetermined duration; within a preset time period, the attenuation amount of the haze of the dimming laminated glass from the initial shielding state to the stable shielding state is delta H, the increment amount of the definition is delta C, and delta H-delta C is smaller than or equal to 10%. According to the method and the device, the specific shielding state requirement when the user is in the vehicle can be met, so that the user experience with higher requirements is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of dimming glass, and particularly to a dimming laminated glass and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing popularity of smart electric vehicles, consumers have put forward more stringent requirements for the comfort and privacy protection of automotive cockpits.

[0003] Users hope that the glass of the vehicle can achieve different dimming requirements in different scenarios. For example, in daily use, it is hoped that the glass can be adjusted in brightness when it is transparent. Correspondingly, the vehicle glass at this time is mainly used to achieve the dimming effect of the light inside the vehicle.

[0004] In some special cases, such as when the user gets out of the car, the user hopes that the glass can meet the need to protect the property inside the car. Or, when the user watches the in-vehicle screen in the car or in a scenario with higher privacy requirements such as breastfeeding, the user hopes to achieve an absolute privacy state so that the outside of the car cannot see inside the car at all. For the above scenarios with very high privacy, further, from the perspective of user experience, there may also be the following problems: when the user is in a closed car for a long time in a sheltered state, it is easy to generate a certain sense of claustrophobia, which may lead to discomfort for the user, and the riding experience still cannot fully meet the requirements.

[0005] In summary, there is no vehicle glass in the prior art that can fully take into account the user's usage requirements in various scenarios.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a dimming laminated glass and a vehicle to solve at least one of the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention provide a dimming laminated glass and a vehicle, which can take into account the user's usage requirements for the dimming laminated glass in various scenarios, especially can meet the specific sheltered state requirements when the user is in the vehicle. This specific sheltered state has a certain degree of shielding but can also meet a certain transmittance, so that it can avoid the burning sensation caused by direct sunlight, and can have sufficient shielding and no strong sense of claustrophobia, thus meeting the user's higher demand for the usage experience.

[0008] The specific technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention include:

[0009] A dimmable laminated glass, the dimmable laminated glass comprising: an outer sheet glass, a dimming film, and an inner sheet glass, wherein the outer sheet glass and the dimming film are connected by a first adhesive layer, and the inner sheet glass and the dimming film are connected by a second adhesive layer; the dimming film has a shielding state attenuation characteristic, and when a predetermined voltage pulse is applied to the dimming film, the dimmable laminated glass enters a specific shielding state, and the process of the dimmable laminated glass entering the specific shielding state includes: first entering an initial shielding state, and entering a stable shielding state from the initial shielding state after a predetermined time period; within the predetermined time period, the attenuation amount of the haze of the dimmable laminated glass from the initial shielding state to the stable shielding state is ΔH, and the increase amount of the clarity of the dimmable laminated glass from the initial shielding state to the stable shielding state is ΔC, and |ΔH - ΔC| ≤ 10%.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the dimming film has a liquid crystal layer, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is between 10 μm and 20 μm.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the first adhesive layer and the outer sheet glass form a first laminate, the second adhesive layer and the inner sheet glass form a second laminate, and the product of the total visible light transmittance of the second laminate and the total visible light transmittance of the first laminate is ≤ 24%.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the predetermined voltage pulse is an instantaneous pulse of 42V to 47V.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, when the dimming film is connected to a power source with a first predetermined voltage, the dimmable laminated glass can enter a high transmittance state; when the dimming film is disconnected from the power source, the dimmable laminated glass can enter a low transmittance state; the transmittances of the dimmable laminated glass in the low transmittance state, the specific shielding state, and the high transmittance state increase in sequence.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, when the dimming film is not connected to a power source, the visible light transmittance of the dimming film is between 1% and 4%.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, when the dimming film is not connected to a power source, the visible light transmittance of the dimmable laminated glass is between 0.25% and 1%.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the dimming laminated glass further includes a controller electrically connected to the dimming film. The controller includes: a driving module, an AC-DC conversion module electrically connected to the driving module, and a control unit. The AC-DC conversion module is connected to a DC power supply and is configured to convert the DC power output by the DC power supply into AC power with a predetermined voltage. The control unit is configured to generate a pulse width modulation signal. The driving module processes and integrates the AC power with the predetermined voltage and the pulse width modulation signal to drive the dimming laminated glass.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the dimming film has a liquid crystal layer. The driving module can convert the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal into different voltage row means acting on the dimming laminated glass to change the transparency of the dimming laminated glass.

[0018] A vehicle, the vehicle includes the dimming laminated glass described in any one of the above.

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention has the following remarkable beneficial effects:

[0020] The dimming laminated glass adopted in the embodiment of the present application is made by laminating an outer glass and an inner glass with a dimming film mainly composed of a liquid crystal layer, and it has a specific shielding state. When a predetermined voltage pulse is applied to the dimming laminated glass, it enters the specific shielding state. In this specific shielding state, the dimming laminated glass has the characteristics of shielding attenuation and reaching stability within a predetermined time length. Specifically, within the predetermined time length, the attenuation amount of the haze of the dimming laminated glass from the initial shielding state to the stable shielding state is ΔH, and the growth amount of the clarity of the dimming laminated glass from the initial shielding state to the stable shielding state is ΔC, and |ΔH - ΔC| ≤ 10%. It can meet the specific shielding state requirements when the user is in the vehicle. This specific shielding state has a certain shielding property but can also meet a certain light transmittance, so it can avoid the burning sensation caused by direct sunlight, have sufficient shielding property and no strong sense of claustrophobia, thereby meeting the higher user demand for the use experience.

[0021] In addition, the dimming laminated glass can also take into account the usage requirements of users for the dimming laminated glass in various scenarios.

[0022] When a voltage is applied to the dimming laminated glass, the dimming laminated glass is in a high-transparency state. At this time, the user can have a wide and clear view and obtain sufficient natural lighting.

[0023] When a voltage pulse is applied, at this time the dimming laminated glass enters the specific shielding state. The user can obtain an extremely high shielding effect, which can meet environments that require high privacy such as breastfeeding, and there is no strong sense of claustrophobia, and the comfort is high.

[0024] When the power is cut off, the dimming laminated glass is in a low-transmittance state at this time. Combining the glass combination characteristics of the dimming laminated glass, in this state, privacy protection for the outside of the vehicle can be achieved, while the need to see clearly outside the vehicle inside the vehicle can be met, especially for some scenarios where one temporarily stays in outdoor parking lots / underground garages and other areas, needs to understand the situation outside the vehicle, and at the same time does not want to be disturbed by the outside world.

[0025] Referring to the following description and the accompanying drawings, specific embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in detail, indicating the ways in which the principles of the present invention can be employed. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereby in scope. Within the spirit and terms of the appended claims, the embodiments of the present invention include many changes, modifications, and equivalents. Features described and / or illustrated for one embodiment can be used in the same or similar manner in one or more other embodiments, combined with features in other embodiments, or replace features in other embodiments. Description of the Drawings

[0026] The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure of the present invention in any way. Additionally, the shapes and proportional dimensions of the various components in the drawings are only schematic and are used to assist in understanding the present invention, and do not specifically limit the shapes and proportional dimensions of the various components of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can, under the teaching of the present invention, select various possible shapes and proportional dimensions according to specific circumstances to implement the present invention.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a dimming laminated glass provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a controller of a dimming laminated glass provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a shielding effect diagram of the initial shielding state in Case 1 of the present application;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a shielding effect diagram of the stable shielding state in Case 1 of the present application;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a shielding effect diagram of the initial shielding state of the comparative example;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a shielding effect diagram of the stable shielding state of the comparative example.

[0033] Reference numerals of the present application:

[0034] 1. Outer sheet glass;

[0035] 2. First adhesive layer;

[0036] 3. Bonding and edge-filling layer;

[0037] 4. Dimming film;

[0038] 5. Second adhesive layer;

[0039] 6. Inner glass sheet;

[0040] 12. First laminate;

[0041] 56. Second laminate;

[0042] 200. Controller;

[0043] 210. Driving module;

[0044] 220. Control unit;

[0045] 230. AC / DC conversion module;

[0046] 100. DC power supply. Detailed implementation manners

[0047] The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, those skilled in the art will fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application for various equivalent modifications of the present invention.

[0048] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may also be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation manner.

[0049] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which this application belongs. The terms used in the specification of this application herein are only for the purpose of describing specific implementation manners and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0050] Currently, the mainstream dimming technologies mainly include the following four types:

[0051] Taking PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) technology as an example, its haze is relatively high.

[0052] The reason is that in the PDLC material, the liquid crystal is dispersed in the polymer matrix in the form of droplets. When voltage stimulation is applied to it, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged along the direction of the electric field, perpendicular to the plane of the film, and the film becomes transparent. At this time, the liquid droplets show the optical anisotropy of the body: the refractive index perpendicular to the plane of the film is the extraordinary light refractive index ne of the liquid crystal, and the refractive index parallel to the plane of the film is the ordinary light refractive index no of the liquid crystal. The polymer material outside the liquid crystal droplets has an isotropic refractive index np. Due to this optical anisotropy of the liquid crystal droplets, the PDLC cannot meet the uniform refractive index in all directions after power is turned on. The uneven refractive index will cause the deflection of light. Macroscopically, it also presents a certain haze. Especially when the light passes through the PDLC film obliquely, the haze will rise rapidly as the incident angle increases. This makes the experience of PDLC film poor when used in close-range window products.

[0053] In addition, when PDLC film is applied to glass, most of them can only achieve two-gear adjustment, which cannot meet the diverse and personalized adjustment needs of users. In specific use, when an electric field is applied to the PDLC film, the liquid crystal molecules will be reoriented under the action of the electric field and become orderly arranged, so that the optical properties of the PDLC material change, and light can pass through relatively smoothly. At this time, the PDLC is in a transparent state, which can be regarded as the "on" gear, allowing people to clearly see the objects on the other side of the material. When the electric field is removed, the liquid crystal molecules return to a disordered state, and the light is strongly scattered inside the material. The material presents an opaque state with high fog, which can be regarded as the "off" gear, and the situation on the other side of the material cannot be seen from the outside.

[0054] In general, when PDLC film is applied to glass, it can only achieve two-level adjustment, which is mainly determined by the material properties and working principle of PDLC. The orientation change of its liquid crystal molecules mainly depends on the presence or absence of electric field. In most current PDLC dimming products, only two working modes, applying electric field and not applying electric field, are usually designed. Correspondingly, only these two obviously different light transmission states can be achieved, that is, two-level adjustment, and it is difficult to accurately achieve more intermediate dimming control.

[0055] Taking EC technology (Electrochromic Technology) as an example, it has the problem of long response time.

[0056] EC technology is based on the redox reaction that occurs in materials under the action of an electric field, which leads to changes in the optical properties of the materials (such as light transmittance, color, etc.). In this process, a series of chemical reactions such as ion and electron migration, insertion, or extraction need to occur within the material. The progress of these chemical reactions is relatively slow, unlike some physical changes (such as the movement of mechanical light-shielding components, certain dimming methods based on instantaneously changing the orientation of liquid crystal molecules by an electric field) that can be completed quickly. For example, in common electrochromic materials such as tungsten oxide (WO3), when a voltage is applied, lithium ions (Li + ) need to migrate from the electrolyte into the tungsten oxide thin film and react with the tungsten oxide, causing a change in the valence state of the tungsten oxide and thus altering its optical properties. This ion migration and reaction process takes a certain amount of time to complete.

[0057] Response from transparent to colored or darkened: When an EC dimming device needs to be adjusted from a transparent state to a darker or colored state, such as in the application of smart windows where the window is desired to change from clear and transparent to a dark state that blocks sunlight, after applying a voltage, the electrochromic material requires a certain amount of time to undergo chemical reactions to change its optical characteristics. Usually, this process may take several seconds or even dozens of seconds. Compared with some other dimming technologies (such as liquid crystal dimming technology that may complete state switching in milliseconds), the change speed of EC dimming technology is significantly slower.

[0058] Response from colored or darkened back to transparent: Similarly, when it is necessary to return from a dark or colored state to a transparent state, that is, when the reverse redox reaction occurs and ions need to be extracted from the material and return to their original positions, this process also requires a certain amount of time. Moreover, in practical applications, due to factors such as the fatigue effect of the material and the diffusion rate of the electrolyte, the time to return to the transparent state may also vary, but generally it is also relatively long.

[0059] Taking the SPD technology (Solid-State Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Technology) as an example, it has the problem of a relatively high voltage.

[0060] SPD dimming glass and other SPD dimming products disperse particles with light absorption characteristics of orientation in a suspension. When no current passes through, the particles are randomly arranged due to Brownian motion. At this time, they can absorb more than 99% of visible light and present a dark state. When a voltage is applied, the current passes through the conductive coating and contacts the SPD suspended particles, and the particles will line up in a straight line, thus allowing light to pass through and realizing the adjustment of the light transmission state. Usually, to achieve a better dimming effect with SPD technology, an AC voltage such as 110V needs to be applied. This voltage value is significantly higher compared to some other common dimming technologies, such as PDLC, which usually only requires dozens of volts or even lower voltages. When the voltage required by SPD technology is relatively high, there are the following problems in many aspects.

[0061] In terms of safety: A higher operating voltage means a higher safety risk during use. For example, in some application scenarios where people are likely to come into contact, such as building doors and windows, car windows, etc., if the safety measures such as insulation of the SPD dimming system are not in place, once there is a leakage of electricity or other situations, it may cause greater harm to the human body. Therefore, more complete safety protection measures need to be equipped, such as better insulating materials, more reliable grounding devices, etc., which undoubtedly increases the use cost and the complexity of installation.

[0062] In terms of electrical system requirements: High voltage requirements pose higher standards for the design and configuration of electrical systems. In terms of electrical wiring and power supply inside buildings or vehicles, etc., it is necessary to be able to withstand a higher voltage, the wire specifications need to be larger, and the power of the power supply needs to be stronger to ensure that the required high voltage can be stably provided for the SPD dimming system. This will also bring problems such as an increase in cost and limitations in spatial layout.

[0063] In terms of energy consumption: Generally speaking, a relatively high voltage may lead to a relatively increased energy consumption to a certain extent. Because according to the power formula P = UI (i.e., power = voltage × current), when the current is constant, the higher the voltage, the greater the power, and the higher the energy consumption. This will increase the operating cost of SPD dimming products.

[0064] Taking LC (Liquid Crystal) dimming technology as an example: In the transparent state, the haze is low and the transparency is high, and images can be clearly displayed or objects can be seen through. However, in the closed state, if special designs are not adopted, it may not be able to completely block light, and there is a certain amount of light leakage.

[0065] Overall, using existing dimming technologies cannot meet the different dimming requirements put forward by users in different scenarios.

[0066] Existing dimming products such as LC, EC, and SPD only have two states: bright state and dark state. When it is necessary to switch from the dark state to the bright state, it is mainly through adjusting the bright-dark TL (transmittance). By reducing the TL value in the dark state, when the transmittance becomes lower, the environment becomes darker, reducing the possibility of seeing the inside from the outside, and to a certain extent, playing a role similar to occlusion.

[0067] Although these dimming products can protect privacy to a certain extent by adjusting the transmittance, for example, making it difficult for people to see the inside clearly from the outside in the dark state, this privacy protection effect is not completely independent and also relies on the conditions of the surrounding environment. For example, if the surrounding environmental light is very strong, even if the dimming product reduces the transmittance and is in the dark state, it may still be possible to see some situations inside from the outside due to the strong light passing through the product; while if the surrounding environmental light is relatively dim, then in the case of the product being in the dark state with low transmittance, the privacy protection effect will be better and it will be more difficult for the outside to see the inside. Therefore, its privacy protection effect is closely related to factors such as the surrounding environmental light.

[0068] The PDLC product only has a bright state and a fog state (dark state). In the fog state, absolute privacy can be achieved. However, in a long-term dark state, feedback from interviewees in the client survey shows that they will feel uncomfortable in the riding experience, with a certain sense of claustrophobia. Moreover, the slight fogginess in its bright state also makes the overall visual effect inferior to other dimming products and privacy glass, and it cannot fully meet the usage requirements in various scenarios.

[0069] In summary, it can be seen that currently, users have very high demands for dimming products. They hope that the dimming products can meet the switching adjustment of bright-dark and low transmittance in multiple scenarios, and without any environmental restrictions, meet the application in special (breastfeeding, viewing the screen) scenarios, as well as the in-vehicle safety protection after getting out of the car, that is, the shielding state. Among them, especially to meet the specific shielding state requirements when the user is in the car. This specific shielding state has a certain degree of shielding but can also meet a certain transmittance, so that it can not only avoid the burning sensation caused by direct sunlight, but also have sufficient shielding and no strong sense of claustrophobia, thus meeting the higher demand usage experience of users.

[0070] The present invention provides a dimming laminated glass and a vehicle thereof, which can take into account the usage requirements of users in various scenarios, especially can meet the specific shielding state requirements when the user is in the car. This specific shielding state has a certain degree of shielding but can also meet a certain transmittance, so that it can not only avoid the burning sensation caused by direct sunlight, but also have sufficient shielding and no strong sense of claustrophobia, thus meeting the higher demand usage experience of users.

[0071] Please refer to comprehensively Figures 1 to 2, in the embodiments of the specification of the present application, a dimming laminated glass is provided. The dimming laminated glass may include: an outer sheet glass 1, a dimming film 4, and an inner sheet glass 6. The outer sheet glass 1 and the dimming film 4 are connected through a first adhesive layer 2, and the inner sheet glass 6 and the dimming film 4 are connected through a second adhesive layer 5. The dimming film 4 has a shielding state attenuation characteristic. When a predetermined voltage pulse is applied to the dimming film 4, the dimming laminated glass enters a specific shielding state. The process of the dimming laminated glass entering the specific shielding state includes: first entering an initial shielding state, and entering a stable shielding state from the initial shielding state after a predetermined duration; within the predetermined duration, the attenuation amount of the haze of the dimming laminated glass from the initial shielding state to the stable shielding state is ΔH, and the increase amount of the clarity of the dimming laminated glass from the initial shielding state to the stable shielding state is ΔC, and |ΔH - ΔC| ≤ 10%.

[0072] In the embodiments of the present application, the dimming laminated glass mainly includes, in the stacking direction from outside to inside in sequence: an outer sheet glass 1, a first adhesive layer 2, a dimming film 4, a second adhesive layer 5, and an inner sheet glass 6.

[0073] In the embodiments of the present application, mainly taking the application of the dimming laminated glass in a vehicle (especially an intelligent electric vehicle) as an example for illustration. When the dimming laminated glass is applied in other scenarios, reference can be made to and analogized with the present application.

[0074] Among them, the outer sheet glass 1 needs to meet a predetermined transmittance requirement. Specifically, the transmittance of the outer sheet glass 1 needs to be greater than 70%. Specifically, the glass color composition of the outer sheet glass 1 can be: SG / G / C (dark green / green / transparent color), and the three can be randomly combined, regardless of the inside and outside order. For the first surface and the second surface of the outer sheet glass 1, the first surface is the outer surface, which is in contact with the external environment of the vehicle, and the second surface is used to bond the first adhesive layer 2.

[0075] The material of the first adhesive layer 2 can be selected from any one of the following: PVB (polyvinyl butyral), EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer), SGP (ionic interlayer film), etc.

[0076] The inner sheet glass 6 needs to meet a predetermined transmittance requirement. Specifically, the transmittance of the inner sheet glass 6 needs to be greater than 70%. Specifically, the glass color composition of the inner sheet glass 6 can be: SG / G / C (dark green / green / transparent color), and the three can be randomly combined, regardless of the inside and outside order. For the third surface and the fourth surface of the inner sheet glass 6, the fourth surface is the inner surface, which is in contact with the internal environment of the vehicle, and the third surface is used to bond the second adhesive layer 5.

[0077] The material of the second adhesive layer 5 can be any one of the following: PVB (polyvinyl butyral), EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer), SGP (ionomeric interlayer), etc.

[0078] Further, the contour dimensions of the first laminate 12 and the second laminate 56 are the same. The outer contour of the dimming film 4 is smaller than the contour dimensions of the first laminate 12 and the second laminate 56. A region to be filled is formed between the outer contour of the dimming film 4 and the outer contours of the first laminate 12 and the second laminate 56. The dimming laminated glass further includes an adhesive edge-filling layer 3, and the adhesive edge-filling layer is filled in the region to be filled. The thickness of the adhesive edge-filling layer is the same as or substantially the same as the thickness of the dimming film 4. The adhesive edge-filling layer surrounds the periphery of the dimming film 4 and is used for circumferentially encapsulating the dimming film 4.

[0079] The material of the adhesive edge-filling layer can be any one of the following: PVB (polyvinyl butyral), EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer), SGP (ionomeric interlayer), etc.

[0080] The dimming film 4 may include: a first transparent conductive substrate, a second transparent conductive substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first transparent conductive substrate and the second transparent conductive substrate. The first transparent conductive substrate includes a first transparent base material and a first transparent conductive layer disposed on the side adjacent to the liquid crystal layer. The second transparent conductive substrate includes a second transparent base material and a second transparent conductive layer disposed on the side adjacent to the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal composition and a dichroic dye. The liquid crystal composition includes a nematic liquid crystal composition, a chiral compound, and a bis-mesogenic compound; the liquid crystal layer changes the arrangement state of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer under the voltage applied between the first transparent conductive substrate and the second transparent conductive substrate.

[0081] When a predetermined voltage pulse is applied to the dimming film 4 of the dimming laminated glass, the dimming laminated glass can enter a specific shielding state. Specifically, the process of the dimming laminated glass entering the specific shielding state is as follows: starting from when the predetermined voltage pulse is applied, the dimming laminated glass enters an initial shielding state and enters a stable shielding state after a predetermined time duration.

[0082] That is to say, the dimming laminated glass made by laminating the dimming film 4 mainly composed of the above liquid crystal layer, the first laminate 12 and the second laminate 56 adopted in the embodiment of the present application has a specific shielding state. Specifically, when a predetermined voltage pulse is applied to the dimming laminated glass, it enters the specific shielding state. In this specific shielding state, the dimming laminated glass has the characteristic that its shielding property decays and reaches stability within a predetermined time period (for example, half an hour). Specifically, within the predetermined time period, the attenuation amount of the haze of the dimming laminated glass from the initial shielding state to the stable shielding state is ΔH, and the growth amount of the clarity of the dimming laminated glass from the initial shielding state to the stable shielding state is ΔC. The absolute value of the difference between the attenuation amount of the haze and the growth amount of the clarity is within 10%, that is, |ΔH - ΔC| ≤ 10%, which can meet the requirements of the specific shielding state when the user is in the vehicle. This specific shielding state has a certain shielding property but can also meet a certain light transmittance, so it can avoid the burning sensation caused by direct sunlight, have sufficient shielding property and no strong sense of claustrophobia, thus meeting the higher demand of the user for the use experience.

[0083] Specifically, the above specific shielding state can be clearly defined through the following process.

[0084] During the process from the dimming laminated glass entering the initial shielding state to reaching the stable shielding state within the predetermined time period, the haze of the dimming laminated glass gradually decreases, and the clarity gradually increases.

[0085] More specifically, when a predetermined voltage pulse is applied to the dimming laminated glass, in the state where the characteristics are shown at this time, the specified values of the haze and clarity of the dimming laminated glass can be obtained in this state. The specified values are used to control the shielding degree, that is, to become the index result defining the shielding property of the material, so as to improve the effectiveness of suppressing the deviation in object recognition.

[0086] Specifically, define the initial haze value of the dimming laminated glass as H0, and the haze value reaches the stable value H after 30 minutes (min). 30 At this time, 75% < H 30 < 85%; Similarly, define the initial clarity value as C0, and the clarity value reaches the stable value C after 30 min. 30 0 < C 30 < 40%, and the attenuation amount of the haze of the dimming laminated glass is ΔH = H0 - H 30 The growth amount of the clarity of the dimming laminated glass is ΔC = C 30 - C0, |ΔH - ΔC| ≤ 10%. That is, the absolute value of the difference between the attenuation amount of the haze and the growth amount of the clarity is less than or equal to 10%.

[0087] In order to more fully demonstrate the influence of the absolute value of the difference between the attenuation amount of the haze and the growth amount of the clarity on achieving the above-mentioned specific shielding state, the following will be described by comparing the data of Case 1 with the comparative examples.

[0088] Please refer to Figures 3 to 6 , where Figure 3 is the shielding effect diagram of Case 1 of the present application in the initial shielding state, Figure 4 is the shielding effect diagram of Case 1 of the present application in the stable shielding state; Figure 5 is the shielding effect diagram of the comparative example in the initial shielding state, Figure 6 is the shielding effect diagram of the comparative example in the stable shielding state.

[0089] In Case 1, in the initial shielding state, the initial haze H0 = 98.6%, and the initial clarity C0 = 9.9%;

[0090] After 30 minutes, in the stable shielding state, H 30 (haze) = 81.9%, C 30 (clarity) = 23.4%,

[0091] |ΔH - ΔC| = 3.2%.

[0092] In the comparative example, in the initial shielding state, the initial haze H0 = 98.8%, and the initial clarity C0 = 9.7%;

[0093] After 30 minutes, in the stable shielding state, H 30 (haze) = 86.4%, C 30 (clarity) = 32.3%,

[0094] |ΔH - ΔC| = 10.2%.

[0095] From Figure 3 or Figure 5 it can be seen that in the initial shielding state, the haze and shielding property are relatively high, and at this time, the rear lamp is completely shielded. In actual use, users will have a strong sense of claustrophobia in such a vehicle interior environment for a long time.

[0096] In Case 1, as Figure 4 shown, after 30 minutes, the light edge diverges, still having shielding property, and actually the sense of claustrophobia is reduced when getting in the car; as Figure 6As shown, after 30 minutes of Comparative Case 1, the edge shape of the lamp L behind can be clearly seen, and at this time, the shielding effect is insufficient. In summary, when the absolute value of the difference between the attenuation of the haze and the increase in clarity exceeds 10%, the inherent shielding requirements of users can no longer be met. When the absolute value of the difference between the attenuation of the haze and the increase in clarity is controlled within 10%, it can not only meet the inherent shielding requirements but also ensure a certain light transmittance, thus avoiding the burning sensation caused by direct sunlight, having sufficient shielding effect without a strong sense of claustrophobia, and meeting the higher usage experience requirements of users.

[0097] Among them, the predetermined voltage pulse can be an instantaneous pulse of 42V (volts) to 47V. Specifically, when the voltage pulse corresponding to the predetermined shielding state is an alternating current with an amplitude of 42V to 47V and is an instantaneous pulse; the frequency is 50Hz, which can meet the performance requirements of the above specific shielding state.

[0098] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, the predetermined duration can be specifically 30 minutes, which is adapted to the user's usage requirements for the specific shielding state. Of course, when the material of the dimming film 4 changes, the corresponding predetermined duration can also be adjusted accordingly.

[0099] Among them, the dimming film 4 has a liquid crystal layer, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is between 10μm (micrometers) and 20μm. When the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the dimming film 4 is within the above range, it can more reliably ensure that when the dimming laminated glass with the dimming film 4 is in a stable shielding state, it has shielding effect while maintaining a certain sense of transparency.

[0100] In addition, in one embodiment, when the dimming film 4 is connected to a power supply with a first predetermined voltage, the dimming laminated glass can enter a high-transparency state; when the dimming film 4 is disconnected from the power supply, the dimming laminated glass can enter a low-transparency state; the transmittance of the dimming laminated glass in the low-transparency state, the specific shielding state, and the high-transparency state increases in turn.

[0101] By connecting and disconnecting the power supply and applying a voltage pulse, the dimming laminated glass with a liquid crystal layer of the dimming film 4 provided in the embodiment of the present application can be switched between a high-transparency state, a low-transparency state, and a specific shielding state. Among them, the first predetermined voltage can be an alternating current of 90V to 100V.

[0102] Overall, the dimming laminated glass provided in this embodiment is in a dark state with a low transmittance, i.e., a low-transmittance state, without applying voltage; by applying voltage to increase the transmittance of the dimming laminated glass, the dimming glass is in a bright state, i.e., a high-transmittance state; by applying a predetermined voltage pulse, the dimming glass enters a specific shielding state, so as to take into account the user's usage requirements in various scenarios.

[0103] In one embodiment, the first adhesive layer 2 and the outer glass sheet 1 form a first laminate 12, and the second adhesive layer 5 and the inner glass sheet 6 form a second laminate 56. The product of the total visible light transmittance of the second laminate 56 and the total visible light transmittance of the first laminate 12 is ≤24%.

[0104] In this embodiment, the first adhesive layer 2 and the outer glass sheet 1 form a first laminate 12. The first laminate 12 has a first transmittance. The second adhesive layer 5 and the inner glass sheet 6 form a second laminate 56, and the second laminate 56 has a second transmittance.

[0105] The first transmittance and the second transmittance can be measured by existing equipment respectively. For example, a BYK haze meter can be used to test with a C light source. Of course, the equipment for measuring the transmittance is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art can also use other equipment.

[0106] After multiplying the first transmittance and the second transmittance to obtain the product of the total visible light transmittance of the second laminate 56 and the total visible light transmittance of the first laminate 12, the product of the total transmittance should be controlled within 24%, so that when the formed dimming laminated glass is in the low-transmittance state, a sufficiently dark environment can be formed inside the vehicle, thus meeting the usage requirements of most users for the low-transmittance state.

[0107] Of course, it should be noted that if the user has special requirements for the light transmission performance of the dimming laminated glass in the low-transmittance state. For example, if the user hopes that when the dimming laminated glass is in the low-transmittance state, the inside of the vehicle does not need to be sufficiently dark, then the product of the total transmittance may also be above 24%.

[0108] In one embodiment, when the dimming film 4 is not powered on, the visible light transmittance of the dimming film 4 is between 1% and 4%. The visible light transmittance of the dimming laminated glass is between 0.25% and 1%.

[0109] In this embodiment, the visible light transmittance of the dimming film 4 can be measured by existing equipment. For example, a BYK haze meter can be used to test with a C light source. Of course, the equipment for measuring the transmittance is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art can also use other equipment.

[0110] In addition, the visible light transmittance of the dimming laminated glass can also be measured by existing equipment. For example, a BYK haze meter can be used for testing with a C light source. Of course, the equipment for measuring the transmittance is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art can also use other equipment.

[0111] The product of the total visible light transmittance of the second laminate 56 and the total visible light transmittance of the first laminate 12 ≤ 24%. In the power-off state, combined with the visible light transmittance of the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal dimming laminated glass, a good one-way visibility effect can be achieved, and the effect of switching between two-way visibility and one-way visibility can be realized as needed.

[0112] Among them, the product of the total visible light transmittance of the second laminate 56 and the total visible light transmittance of the first laminate 12 is ≤ 24%. By turning the power on and off, the liquid crystal layer can reversibly change between a high-transmittance state and a low-transmittance state.

[0113] In the power-off state, the visible light transmittances of the liquid crystal layer and the dimming laminated glass are 1% to 4% and 0.25% to 1% respectively. In the power-off state, one-way visibility can be achieved under certain conditions. The total visible light transmittance of the dimming laminated glass is controlled within 1%, and only a weak light can pass through. Since the distance from the inside of the vehicle to the glass is relatively close during observation, the scene outside the vehicle can be observed from the inside of the vehicle, while the distance from the outside of the vehicle to the glass is relatively far (when the distance is greater than 0.8 m), the scene inside the vehicle cannot be observed. This effect is more obvious when the light intensity difference between the inside and outside of the vehicle is large.

[0114] By controlling the different voltage application conditions of the dimming laminated glass, the switching between the above three states (low-transmittance state, high-transmittance state, and specific shielding state) can be achieved. The low-transmittance state meets the scenarios where customers do not need shielding but have a certain low transmittance requirement. The high-transmittance state meets the scenarios where customers need to enjoy the scenery outside the vehicle, etc. The specific shielding state can meet the scenarios that require complete privacy such as breastfeeding.

[0115] In addition, for the scenario of applying a voltage pulse to enter the specific shielding state, it should be noted that: the main function of applying the voltage pulse is to apply a non-constant voltage to the liquid crystal layer when the dimming film layer of the dimming laminated glass is powered on, and the applied voltage is a voltage signal that changes according to a certain rule.

[0116] Furthermore, by changing parameters such as the amplitude, width, and frequency of the voltage pulse, the orientation degree and speed of the liquid crystal molecules can be precisely controlled, so as to more finely adjust the optical state of the liquid crystal layer, enabling it to accurately change between high-transmittance, low-transmittance, and shielding states.

[0117] For example, a voltage pulse with a high amplitude and a narrow width may cause the liquid crystal layer to quickly enter a high transmittance state, while a voltage pulse with a low amplitude and a wide width may cause the liquid crystal layer to slowly enter a low transmittance state.

[0118] Among them, in the case of no power supply, the specific values of the transmittance of the first laminate 12 and the second laminate 56 of the above-mentioned dimming laminated glass and the transmittance of the liquid crystal film can include various combinations. Among them, the laminate structures of the first laminate 12 and the second laminate 56 can be interchangeably arranged.

[0119] In addition, it should be noted that the dimming laminated glass provided in the embodiments of the present application, in addition to including the above-mentioned outer glass, the first adhesive layer, the inner glass, the second adhesive layer, and the dimming film, may also include other structural layers, such as an infrared reflection layer, or Low-E, etc., as long as the visible light transmittance of the dimming laminated glass is between 0.25% and 1%.

[0120] In the embodiments of the present application, several embodiments are used for illustration, but it is impossible to list them all. In theory, as long as the product of the transmittances of the first laminate 12 and the second laminate 56 of the dimming laminated glass ≤ 24%, and the transmittance of the liquid crystal film is within 4% (including 4%), the performance requirements are met.

[0121] For example, in Embodiment 1, the total visible light transmittance of the first laminate 12 is 20%, the total visible light transmittance of the second laminate 56 is 50%, and the transmittance of the non-powered liquid crystal film is 4%. The product of the total visible light transmittance of the second laminate and the total visible light transmittance of the first laminate is 10%.

[0122] In Embodiment 1, the laminate structure of the dimming laminated glass and the visible light transmittance in the low transmittance state are shown in Table 1 below.

[0123] Table 1

[0124] Dimming laminated glass Laminated structure Low-transmittance visible light transmittance First laminate Glass + PVB 20％ Liquid crystal film Liquid crystal film 4％ Second laminate Glass + PVB 50％

[0125] For example, in Embodiment 2, the total visible light transmittance of the first laminate 12 is 40%, the total visible light transmittance of the second laminate 56 is 60%, and the transmittance of the non-powered liquid crystal film is 3%. The product of the total visible light transmittance of the second laminate and the total visible light transmittance of the first laminate is 24%.

[0126] In Embodiment 2, the laminate structure of the dimming laminated glass and the visible light transmittance in the low transmittance state are shown in Table 2 below.

[0127] Table 2

[0128] Dimming laminated glass Laminated structure Low-transmittance visible light transmittance First laminate Glass + EVA 40％ Liquid crystal film Liquid crystal film 3％ Second laminate Glass + TPU 60％

[0129] For example, in Embodiment 3, the total visible light transmittance of the first stack 12 is 30%, the total visible light transmittance of the second stack 56 is 70%, and the transmittance of the unpowered liquid crystal film is 2%. The product of the total visible light transmittance of the second stack and the total visible light transmittance of the first stack is 21%.

[0130] In Embodiment 3, the laminated structure of the dimming laminated glass and the visible light transmittance in the low transmittance state are shown in Table 3 below.

[0131] Table 3

[0132] Dimming laminated glass Laminated structure Low-transmittance visible light transmittance First laminate Glass + PVB 30％ Liquid crystal film Liquid crystal film 2％ Second laminate Glass + SGP 70％

[0133] Here, taking the data of the laminated structure of the dimming laminated glass and the visible light transmittance in the low transmittance state in Embodiment 1 as an example, in order to intuitively illustrate the change of the haze clarity of the dimming laminated glass over time after applying a predetermined pulse voltage, Table 4 below is provided.

[0134] From the data in Table 4, it can be seen that for the dimming laminated glass provided in the embodiment of the present application, after applying a predetermined pulse voltage, within 30 minutes, the haze of the dimming laminated glass gradually decreases and the clarity gradually increases. When approaching 30 minutes, the haze and clarity basically tend to be stable. Specifically, the haze decreases from 98.7% to 83.6%, and the attenuation amount ΔH = 15.1%; the clarity increases from 1.8% to 19.1%, and the increase amount ΔC = 17.3%. |ΔH - ΔC| = |15.1% - 17.3%| = 2.2%, which is less than 10%.

[0135] Table 4

[0136] Time / min <![CDATA[Haze H i / %]]> <![CDATA[Clarity C j / %]]> 0 98.7 1.8 1 96.8 12.7 2 94.4 15.1 3 93.5 15.3 4 92.3 16.1 5 91.9 16.7 6 90.8 17.6 7 90.1 17.7 8 89.4 17.7 9 88.9 17.7 10 88.5 17.8 20 84.3 18.4 29 83.7 19.1 30 83.6 19.1

[0137] As Figure 2 shown, in one embodiment, the dimming laminated glass further includes a controller 200 electrically connected to the dimming film 4. The controller 200 includes: a driving module 210, an AC-DC conversion module 230 electrically connected to the driving module 210, and a control unit 220. The AC-DC conversion module 230 is connected to the DC power supply 100 and is used to convert the direct current output by the DC power supply 100 into an alternating current with a predetermined voltage. The control unit 220 is used to generate a pulse width modulation signal; the driving module 210 processes and integrates the alternating current with a predetermined power supply and the pulse width modulation signal to drive the dimming laminated glass.

[0138] In this embodiment, the dimming laminated glass may further include: a controller 200 electrically connected to the dimming film 4. The controller 200 may include: a driving module 210, an AC-DC conversion module 230 electrically connected to the driving module 210, and a control unit 220.

[0139] Among them, the AC-DC conversion module 230 is connected to the DC power supply 100. The DC power supply 100 can be the DC power supply 100 on a vehicle, especially the DC power supply 100 of an intelligent electric vehicle. The voltage of the DC power supply 100 is generally between 9V and 16V. The AC-DC conversion module 230 can be a DC-AC module, which can convert direct current into alternating current. The control unit 220 can be a micro control unit 220, such as in the form of an MCU, etc. The working principle will be described below in combination with a specific usage condition.

[0140] The DC voltage of 9V-16V first passes through the DC-AC module to convert the direct current into alternating current; the MCU (micro control unit 220) generates a PWM (pulse width modulation) signal. These two signals are both input to the driving module 210. After the driving module 210 processes and integrates the signals, it drives the dimming laminated glass to realize the control of the state of the dimming laminated glass. The output of the driving module 210 can be adjusted through the PWM signal, and then the characteristics such as the transparency of the dimming glass can be changed.

[0141] The dimming glass contains liquid crystal molecules. The PWM signal adjusts its transparency through the following process: signal transmission and conversion: the micro control unit 220 (MCU) generates a PWM signal and transmits it to the driving module 210. The driving module 210 converts the duty cycle information of the PWM signal into a specific electrical signal that can act on the dimming glass. This specific electrical signal can affect the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules: the liquid crystal molecules in the dimming glass will have different arrangement states under different electric fields. When the duty cycle of the PWM signal changes, the intensity of the electrical signal output by the driving module 210 also changes, causing the liquid crystal molecules to gradually change from disorder (the glass is opaque) to an ordered arrangement (the glass is transparent) under the action of the electric field, or to be in an intermediate state between the two, thereby changing the transparency.

[0142] Among them, the driving module 210 can convert the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal into different voltage row averages acting on the dimming laminated glass to change the transparency of the dimming laminated glass, so as to realize the precise adjustment of the transparency. Specifically, since the PWM signal can output different average voltage values by adjusting the duty cycle, the output of the driving module 210 can be precisely controlled, and then the linear and precise adjustment of the dimming laminated glass can be realized.

[0143] When the controller 200 outputs 90V to 100V alternating current, the dimming laminated glass is in a highly transparent state. At this time, users can have a wide and clear view and sufficient natural lighting. When the controller 200 outputs an instantaneous pulse of 42V to 47V, the dimming laminated glass is in a specific shielding state at this time. Users can obtain a very high shielding effect, which can meet the needs of environments that require high privacy such as breastfeeding, and there will be no strong sense of claustrophobia, and the comfort is high. After power-off from the highly transparent state, the dimming laminated glass is in a low-transparency state at this time. Combining the glass combination characteristics of the dimming laminated glass, in this state, privacy protection outside the vehicle can be achieved, while the demand for seeing clearly outside the vehicle inside the vehicle can be met, especially for some scenarios where one temporarily stays in outdoor parking lots / basements and other areas, needs to understand the situation outside the vehicle and does not want to be disturbed by the outside world.

[0144] In an embodiment of the present application, a vehicle is further provided. The vehicle includes the above-mentioned dimming laminated glass. By setting the dimming laminated glass, the vehicle can achieve the technical effects realized by the embodiment of the dimming laminated glass. Specifically, please refer to the specific description of the above embodiment, and the present application will not repeat it here. In addition, the vehicle may further include a DC power supply 100, and the DC power supply 100 is used to supply power to the dimming laminated glass.

[0145] It should be noted that in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and to distinguish similar objects. There is no sequence between them, nor can they be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

[0146] The above embodiments in this specification are all described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

[0147] The above are only several embodiments of the present invention. Although the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are as above, the content is only an embodiment adopted for the convenience of understanding the present invention and is not used to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art in the technical field to which the present invention belongs can make any modifications and changes in the form and details of the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed by the present invention. However, the scope of patent protection of the present invention shall still be subject to the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A dimming laminated glass, characterized in that, The dimming laminated glass includes: an outer sheet glass, a dimming film sheet, and an inner sheet glass. The outer sheet glass is connected to the dimming film sheet through a first adhesive layer, and the inner sheet glass is connected to the dimming film sheet through a second adhesive layer; The dimming film sheet has a shielding state attenuation characteristic. When a predetermined voltage pulse is applied to the dimming film sheet, the dimming laminated glass enters a specific shielding state. The process of the dimming laminated glass entering the specific shielding state includes: first entering an initial shielding state and entering a stable shielding state from the initial shielding state after a predetermined duration; Within the predetermined duration, the attenuation amount of the haze of the dimming laminated glass from the initial shielding state to the stable shielding state is ΔH, and the increase amount of the clarity of the dimming laminated glass from the initial shielding state to the stable shielding state is ΔC, and |ΔH - ΔC| ≤ 10%.

2. The dimming laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein, The dimming film sheet has a liquid crystal layer, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is between 10 μm and 20 μm.

3. The dimming laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first adhesive layer and the outer sheet glass form a first laminate, and the second adhesive layer and the inner sheet glass form a second laminate. The product of the total visible light transmittance of the second laminate and the total visible light transmittance of the first laminate ≤ 24%.

4. The dimming laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein, The predetermined voltage pulse is an instantaneous pulse of 42V to 47V.

5. The dimming laminated glass according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, When the dimming film sheet is connected to a power source with a first predetermined voltage, the dimming laminated glass can enter a high-transmittance state; when the dimming film sheet is disconnected from the power source, the dimming laminated glass can enter a low-transmittance state; the transmittances of the dimming laminated glass in the low-transmittance state, the specific shielding state, and the high-transmittance state increase in sequence.

6. The dimming laminated glass according to claim 5, wherein When the dimming film sheet is not connected to a power source, the visible light transmittance of the dimming film sheet is between 1% and 4%.

7. The dimming laminated glass according to claim 6, wherein, When the dimming film sheet is not connected to a power source, the visible light transmittance of the dimming laminated glass is between 0.25% and 1%.

8. The dimming laminated glass according to claim 5, characterized in that, The dimming laminated glass further includes a controller electrically connected to the dimming film sheet. The controller includes: a driving module, an AC-DC conversion module electrically connected to the driving module, and a control unit. The AC-DC conversion module is connected to a DC power source and is used to convert the direct current output by the DC power source into alternating current with a predetermined voltage; the control unit is used to generate a pulse width modulation signal; the driving module processes and integrates the alternating current with the predetermined power and the pulse width modulation signal and then drives the dimming laminated glass.

9. The dimming laminated glass according to claim 8, wherein, The dimming film sheet has a liquid crystal layer, and the driving module can convert the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation signal into different voltage row means acting on the dimming laminated glass to change the transparency of the dimming laminated glass.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes the dimming laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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