Novel high-speed seeding device driver

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel high-speed seeding device driver, relates to the technical field of agricultural equipment, solves the problems of multi-motor framework redundancy, low dynamic rotating speed matching precision, high system energy consumption and insufficient environmental adaptability in the existing electric drive seeding technology, and comprises a seed guide device, a seed sowing device and a driving device, the seed guide device and the seed-metering device are matched to work, and the driving device is used for driving the seed guide device and the seed-metering device to operate; dynamic power distribution is achieved through the speed change gear box, equipment complexity and manufacturing cost are remarkably reduced, structure simplification and cost optimization are achieved, the rotating speed proportion of the seed guide belt and the seed sowing device is adjusted in real time, different crop sowing requirements and operation speeds are met, dynamic matching accurate regulation and control are achieved, multi-motor collaborative energy consumption is reduced, and the seed sowing efficiency is improved. And in combination with an intelligent speed regulation algorithm, efficient energy utilization is realized, and energy efficiency optimization is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural equipment, and particularly relates to a novel high-speed seeding device driver. Background Art

[0002] With the development of modern agriculture towards the direction of intelligence and precision, the electric drive seeding technology has gradually replaced the traditional mechanical transmission method due to its advantages such as high efficiency and strong controllability, and has become the core research direction of precision seeding equipment. Domestic and foreign scholars and enterprises have carried out a large number of researches on the architecture of electric drive metering systems, control strategies and performance optimization, but there are still bottleneck problems such as structural redundancy, insufficient dynamic response, and low multi-motor cooperation efficiency, and it is urgent to achieve breakthroughs through technological innovation.

[0003] The research on foreign electric drive seeding technology started earlier, and research institutions and enterprises represented by the United States and Japan have formed relatively mature technical systems. For example, the 4900MHP type electric drive precision seeder developed by Kinze Company in the United States independently opens and closes multiple electric drive metering devices through an intelligent control module to realize crop switching seeding. However, it relies on multi-motor cooperative drive, resulting in a high system complexity, and it is difficult to ensure the rotational speed synchronization of multiple motors. Precision Planting Company uses a DC motor to drive the metering disc, combines speed measurement radar feedback with PID closed-loop control, and dynamically adjusts the metering rotational speed. Although the seeding uniformity is improved, it is still necessary to configure an independent motor and controller for each metering unit, with a high hardware redundancy and a significant maintenance cost. The electromagnetic type electronically controlled metering system proposed by Japanese scholars regulates the seed release timing through an electromagnetic device. However, the coupling between its drive circuit and mechanical structure is poor, it is difficult to adapt to the dynamic load fluctuations under high-speed operation, and electromagnetic interference easily causes control signal instability. In addition, the MTR-125-F type equipment developed by Graham Electric Planter Company in the United States uses a PID strategy to control a brushless motor. Although variable seeding can be achieved, the multi-motor independent drive mode results in a long transmission chain, increased energy loss, and great difficulty in fault troubleshooting.

[0004] In recent years, research has further focused on dynamic compensation and high-precision control. For example, the LFSR reseeding system proposed by Krishna et al. improves the ability to compensate for missed sowing by optimizing the coding efficiency. However, the coupling degree between its mechanical structure and control algorithm is insufficient, making it difficult to achieve millisecond-level real-time response. The single-grain precision seeding system designed by Cay et al. uses PWM-PID composite control, and the qualified index reaches 90.63%. However, the system still relies on the cooperation of multiple motors, and the missed sowing rate is as high as 8.44%. The monitoring device developed by Mangus et al. based on high-speed camera technology can improve the sowing qualification rate. However, its electric drive module requires an additional speed control motor and encoder, resulting in a large overall volume of the machine and making it difficult to adapt to medium and small-sized seeding equipment. Generally speaking, the existing technologies generally have defects such as complex multi-motor architectures, low dynamic ratio accuracy, and high energy consumption, which restrict the large-scale application of electric drive seeding technology.

[0005] Although the research on domestic electric drive seeding technology started relatively late, significant progress has been made in the integration of control algorithms and system optimization. The 1405-type electric drive seeder developed by Beijing Debang Dawei Co., Ltd. integrates vector control and intelligent monitoring technology, achieving an international advanced level. However, it still uses a multi-motor distributed drive, with redundant transmission mechanisms and high manufacturing costs. The IGWO LADRC mung bean precision seeding system proposed by Wang Song et al. effectively reduces the missed sowing rate by improving the grey wolf algorithm to optimize the active disturbance rejection controller. However, it relies on high-precision photoelectric sensors and complex air suction devices, and the system reliability is significantly affected by the field dust environment. The corn precision metering PID control system developed by the He Xiantao team has a qualification rate of 98.4% at an operating speed of 12 km / h. However, based on the multi-motor independent drive mode, it is difficult to solve the dynamic matching problem of the rotational speeds of the seed guiding belt and the seed metering device, and the speed difference compensation lag caused by the ground wheel slipping is still a technical difficulty. In addition, the fuzzy PID corn seeding driver designed by Yao Yingfei et al. adjusts the motor speed in real time through Hall sensors and encoders, although it improves the dynamic response speed. However, it still needs to configure independent drive units for the seed guiding belt and the seed metering device, resulting in a complex structure and doubled energy consumption. The electric drive control system based on GPS speed measurement developed by the Ding Youqiang team realizes speed-rotation speed matching through STM32 main control. However, it relies on external positioning signals and is prone to control drift in signal-blocked areas. Although scholars such as Zhai Jianbo and Zhao Xue have achieved precise control of sowing spacing through single-chip microcomputers and encoders, their systems still have common problems such as low multi-motor cooperation efficiency and high transmission chain wear rate.

[0006] Based on a comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign research, the current electric drive seeding technology has the following core defects:

[0007] 1. Redundant multi-motor architecture: The seed guiding belt and the seed metering device need to be driven by independent motors, resulting in high equipment costs, complex structures, and difficult multi-motor cooperative control, which is prone to rotational speed mismatch;

[0008] 2. Contradiction between energy consumption and reliability: The energy consumption of the multi-motor system is significant, while simplifying the transmission chain easily leads to mechanical overload and reduces the system life.

[0009] 3. Poor environmental adaptability: Precision sensors and complex control modules are vulnerable to interference under harsh field conditions, resulting in insufficient stability. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Aiming at the problems of redundant multi-motor architecture, low dynamic speed ratio accuracy, high system energy consumption, and insufficient environmental adaptability existing in the existing electric drive seeding technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a new type of high-speed seeding device driver.

[0011] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0012] A new type of high-speed seeding device driver, which includes: a seed guiding device, a seed metering device, and a driving device. The seed guiding device and the seed metering device cooperate with each other, and the driving device is used to drive the seed guiding device and the seed metering device to operate; the seed guiding device and the seed metering device can be connected to each other or can be installed on the frame at the same time. By setting the positional relationship between the seed guiding device and the seed metering device, it is ensured that the seed guiding device and the seed metering device can cooperate with each other, and the positional relationship between the two is as shown in the accompanying drawings of the specification. Figures 1 to 5 as shown.

[0013] The seed metering device includes: a seed metering device housing 12, a seed chamber 13, and a seed metering disk 14. A seed chamber 13 is provided on the seed metering device housing 12. The seed metering disk 14 is located inside the seed metering device housing 12 and is rotatably installed on the seed metering device housing 12. The seed chamber 13 is located on one side of the seed metering disk 14 and is used for storing seeds; a plurality of suction seed holes are provided on the seed metering disk 14 at equal circumferential intervals; the seed metering disk 14 is used to transfer the seeds in the seed chamber 13 to the seed guiding device.

[0014] The seed guiding device includes: a seed receiving mechanism and a seed conveying mechanism. The seed conveying mechanism is connected to the seed receiving mechanism; the seed conveying mechanism is a conveyor belt structure; the seed conveying mechanism includes: a seed guiding belt 5 and a seed guiding belt housing 10. The seed guiding belt 5 is rotatably installed inside the seed guiding belt housing 10. A plurality of seed cavities for conveying seeds are provided on the seed guiding belt 5; a seed dropping port 7 is provided at the lower end of the seed guiding belt housing 10; the seed receiving mechanism is used to receive the seeds on the seed metering disk 14 into a seed cavity at the upper end of the seed guiding belt 5, and the seed guiding belt 5 sequentially transports the seeds in the seed cavity to the seed dropping port 7 and finally drops them onto the seedbed.

[0015] The above-mentioned new high-speed sowing device driver, wherein the seeding mechanism includes: a seed guide belt gearbox 1, a main seeding wheel 2 and an auxiliary seeding wheel 8, the main seeding wheel 2 and the auxiliary seeding wheel 8 are respectively connected to the two output ends of the seed guide belt gearbox 1, the gap between the main seeding wheel 2 and the auxiliary seeding wheel 8 is located above the seed cavity of the seed guide belt 5, and the gap between the main seeding wheel 2 and the auxiliary seeding wheel 8 is smaller than the outer diameter of the seed. When the seed disc 14 is in working condition, the multiple seed suction holes on the seed disc 14 pass through the gap between the main seeding wheel 2 and the auxiliary seeding wheel 8 from top to bottom in sequence; the gap between the main seeding wheel 2 and the auxiliary seeding wheel 8 is used to clamp the seeds on the seed disc 14 and put the seeds into the seed cavity of the seed guide belt 5 through the rotation of the main seeding wheel 2 and the auxiliary seeding wheel 8.

[0016] In the above-mentioned novel high-speed seeding device driver, the main seeding wheel 2 and the auxiliary seeding wheel 8 rotate in opposite directions.

[0017] The above-mentioned new high-speed seeding device driver is characterized in that the main seeding wheel 2 and the auxiliary seeding wheel 8 are both located on the seed suction side of the seeding disc 14, and the main seeding wheel 2 is located on the left side of the auxiliary seeding wheel 8. When the seeding disc 14 rotates counterclockwise, the main seeding wheel 2 rotates clockwise, and the auxiliary seeding wheel 8 rotates counterclockwise. See the attached drawings for details. Figure 5 , the above left, clockwise and counterclockwise directions are only applicable to Figure 5 direction of viewing angle.

[0018] In the above-mentioned new high-speed sowing device driver, the teeth on the main seeding wheel 2 and the auxiliary seeding wheel 8 are both soft teeth, the direction of the teeth of the main seeding wheel 2 is opposite to its rotation direction, and the direction of the teeth of the auxiliary seeding wheel 8 is opposite to its rotation direction.

[0019] The above-mentioned new high-speed sowing device driver, wherein the seeding mechanism further includes: an anti-stuck limit block 3, the anti-stuck limit block 3 is installed on the seed guide belt gear box 1, and the anti-stuck limit block 3 is located below the main seeding wheel 2.

[0020] The above-mentioned new high-speed sowing device driver, wherein the seed transport mechanism also includes: a tensioning mechanism 6, a driving pulley 9 and a driven pulley 11, the upper end of the seed guide belt shell 10 is connected to the lower end of the seed guide belt gear box 1, the driving pulley 9 is connected to the other output end of the seed guide belt gear box 1, the tensioning mechanism 6 is installed at the lower end of the seed guide belt shell 10, and the driven pulley 11 is rotatably installed on the tensioning mechanism 6, the seed guide belt 5 is installed on the driving pulley 9 and the driven pulley 11, and the tensioning mechanism 6 is used to push the driven pulley 11 downward to make the seed guide belt 5 in a tensioned state.

[0021] The above-mentioned novel high-speed seeding device driver, wherein the seed metering device further includes: an air duct 16. A vacuum chamber is provided on the outer shell 12 of the seed metering device. The vacuum chamber and the seed chamber 13 are respectively arranged on both sides of the seed metering disc 14. One end of the air duct 16 is installed on the outer shell 12 of the seed metering device and communicated with the vacuum chamber, and the other end of the air duct 16 is connected to a blower.

[0022] The above-mentioned novel high-speed seeding device driver, wherein the seed metering device further includes: a side driving device 15. The side driving device 15 is installed on the outer shell 12 of the seed metering device. A toothed structure is provided on the outer periphery of the seed metering disc 14. The output end of the side driving device 15 meshes with the toothed structure of the seed metering disc 14;

[0023] The seed conveying mechanism further includes: a seed conveying belt power shaft 4. The seed conveying belt power shaft 4 is rotatably installed on the seed conveying belt gearbox 1, and the seed conveying belt power shaft 4 is connected to the input end of the seed conveying belt gearbox 1.

[0024] The above-mentioned novel high-speed seeding device driver, wherein the driving device includes: a speed-changing gearbox 17, a seed metering device power shaft 18, a motor 19, and an optical encoder 20. The motor 19 is installed at the input end of the speed-changing gearbox 17. The seed metering device power shaft 18 is connected to an output end of the speed-changing gearbox 17. The seed metering device power shaft 18 is connected to the input end of the side driving device 15; the seed conveying belt power shaft 4 is connected to the other output end of the speed-changing gearbox 17. Optical encoders 20 for detecting the rotational speed are installed on both the seed metering device power shaft 18 and the seed conveying belt power shaft 4.

[0025] Due to the adoption of the above technologies, the positive effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows:

[0026] (1) The present invention uses a single motor to replace the traditional dual-motor independent driving mode, and realizes power distribution through a speed-changing gearbox, significantly reducing the complexity and manufacturing cost of the equipment, and achieving structural simplification and cost optimization.

[0027] (2) The present invention integrates mechanical transmission and electronic feedback control, and adjusts the rotational speeds of the seed conveying belt and the seed metering device in real time to adapt to the seeding requirements of different crops and the operating speed, and realizes precise ratio control.

[0028] (3) Through the modular gearbox design, redundant sealing structure and anti-interference control strategy, the present invention enhances the stability and durability of the system in harsh field environments and improves the reliability.

[0029] (4) The present invention reduces the energy consumption of multi-motor coordination, combines with an intelligent speed regulation algorithm, realizes efficient energy utilization, and achieves energy efficiency optimization. Description of the Drawings

[0030] Figure 1It is the front view of a new type of high-speed seeding device driver of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 It is the left view of a new type of high-speed seeding device driver of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 It is the rear view of a new type of high-speed seeding device driver of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 It is the side view of a new type of high-speed seeding device driver of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 It is the embodiment diagram of a new type of high-speed seeding device driver of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 It is the structural schematic diagram of the seed guiding device of a new type of high-speed seeding device driver of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 It is the structural schematic diagram of the seed metering device of a new type of high-speed seeding device driver of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 8 It is the transmission schematic diagram of the speed change gearbox of a new type of high-speed seeding device driver of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 9 It is the front view inside the speed change gearbox of a new type of high-speed seeding device driver of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 10 It is the left view inside the speed change gearbox of a new type of high-speed seeding device driver of the present invention.

[0040] In the drawings: 1. Seed guiding belt gearbox; 2. Main seed receiving wheel; 3. Anti-jamming limit block; 4. Seed guiding belt power shaft; 5. Seed guiding belt; 6. Tensioning mechanism; 7. Seed dropping opening; 8. Auxiliary seed receiving wheel; 9. Driving pulley; 10. Seed guiding belt housing; 11. Driven pulley; 12. Seed metering device housing; 13. Seed chamber; 14. Seed metering disc; 15. Side driving device; 16. Air duct; 17. Speed change gearbox; 18. Seed metering device power shaft; 19. Motor; 20. Photoelectric encoder; 21. Electric push rod; 22. Synchronizer; 23. Push rod mechanism; 24. Cross-over gear; 25. Motor gear; 26. First gear set; 27. Second gear set; 28. Third gear set; 29. Fourth gear set; 30. Motor cross-over gear; 31. Seed guiding device speed change gear shaft. Detailed implementation manners

[0041] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, but it is not intended to limit the present invention.

[0042] Please refer to Figures 1 to 10 The figure shows a new high-speed seeding device driver. Conventional seed guide devices use two motors (a seed guide motor and a seed metering motor) to drive the seed guide belt power shaft and the seed metering device power shaft. These two motors have different speeds under different operating conditions. Because the coordinated control accuracy of the two motors is not high, a gearbox mechanism was designed to improve speed matching accuracy (ultimately, a single motor control was adopted, with a speed change gear and a speed change mechanism within the gearbox mechanism). A speed feedback system (photoelectric encoders installed at the ends of the two power shafts) was also installed to adjust the speed of the two power shafts in real time according to the operating conditions.

[0043] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, Figure 6 For the seed guiding device, Figure 7 It is a seed metering device, and the combination of the two is called a belt seed guide device. Figure 5 During the working process of the device, the seeds on the shaped holes of the seeding disc 14 pass through the seeding mechanism of the seeding device (the main seeding wheel 2 and the auxiliary seeding wheel 8 at the head, such as Figure 5 As shown, when seeds contact the primary and secondary seeding wheels 2 and 8 on the seeding disc 14, they are directly drawn into the seed chamber by the primary and secondary seeding wheels 2 and 8, then transported along the seed guide belt 5 and ultimately dropped onto the seed bed. The seed guide belt gearbox 1 at the head of the seed guide device establishes a fixed transmission ratio between the primary and secondary seeding wheels 2, 8, driving pulley 9, and the seed guide belt power shaft 4.

[0044] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the implementation and protection scope of the present invention.

[0045] The present invention also has the following implementation modes based on the above:

[0046] The belt-type seed guide device currently under study is driven by the seeding motor of the seed meter and the seed guide motor of the seed guide device. The seeding motor is directly connected to the seeding disk through a coupling, and the seed guide motor indirectly drives the seed guide belt through a gear reduction mechanism. In order for the device to be able to accurately guide seeds, the two motors need to have a certain speed ratio under different operating speed conditions.

[0047] To simplify the control system of a belt-type seed guide device, the present invention proposes a method of driving the device using a single DC motor. The seed metering device of the present invention uses a side-drive method, while the seed guide device is still driven by the original reduction gearbox. A power distribution mechanism is installed externally. This mechanism consists of a variable speed gear set and a single-chip microcomputer. The motor speed is determined by the operating speed of the machine. The variable speed gear set distributes power to the seed metering device and the seed guide belt, meshing them at different transmission ratios under different operating conditions. The single-chip microcomputer controls the gear meshing position of the variable speed gear set via an electric push rod to achieve a stable speed ratio, ultimately achieving operational control of the belt-type seed guide device.

[0048] In a further embodiment of the present invention, in response to the core problems of the existing electric-driven seeding technology mentioned in the background technology, such as multi-motor architecture redundancy, low dynamic speed ratio accuracy, high system energy consumption and insufficient environmental adaptability, the present invention proposes an integrated seed guidance and seeding control system based on a single motor drive and an adaptive speed-changing gearbox, which effectively solves industry problems such as low multi-motor coordination efficiency and insufficient dynamic matching accuracy, and provides an innovative solution for the high efficiency and low cost of electric-driven seeding technology.

[0049] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the structure is streamlined: a single motor is used to replace the traditional dual-motor architecture, and power is dynamically distributed through a variable speed gearbox, which significantly reduces hardware costs and energy consumption, and reduces equipment complexity and manufacturing costs.

[0050] In a further embodiment of the present invention, dynamic ratio optimization: an integrated sliding gear set and an electronic feedback module are adapted to different operating scenarios and to different crop sowing requirements and operating speeds;

[0051] In a further embodiment of the present invention, reliability is improved: through modular gearbox design, redundant sealing structure and anti-interference control strategy, the system's anti-dust and anti-vibration capabilities are enhanced, and the system's stability and durability in harsh field environments are enhanced.

[0052] In a further embodiment of the present invention, energy efficiency is optimized: energy consumption of multiple motors is reduced, and an intelligent speed control algorithm is combined to achieve efficient energy utilization.

[0053] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the present invention adopts a single-motor drive system, wherein the power source selects a high-torque DC brushless motor as the sole drive unit, the rated power is adapted to the maximum load requirements of the seed guide belt and the seed metering device, and the power output shaft selects the motor output shaft to be rigidly connected to the speed gear box input shaft through a coupling to ensure efficient power transmission.

[0054] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the present invention adopts an adaptive speed change gearbox 17, wherein the gear set is composed of an input shaft gear, an adjustable intermediate gear set and an output shaft gear. The input shaft gear is directly connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the number of teeth is optimized according to the load requirement; the adjustable intermediate gear set adopts a sliding gear or synchronizer structure, including multiple groups of gear pairs with different numbers of teeth, and the meshing relationship is switched by the shifting mechanism to realize the output shaft speed adjustment. The output shaft gear is connected to the seed metering device power shaft, and the seed metering device power shaft drives the seed guide belt power shaft to rotate to realize power transmission.

[0055] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the dynamic adjustment mechanism integrates a servo motor and a controller to automatically adjust the gear meshing state according to operating parameters (such as the number of holes in the seed disc and the type of crop).

[0056] In a further embodiment of the present invention, it further includes: a closed-loop feedback control system, mainly including: a sensor module and a control algorithm. The sensor module is used for rotational speed detection and load monitoring. Specifically, for rotational speed detection: a high-precision photoelectric encoder is installed on the seed guiding belt and the drive shaft of the metering device to collect rotational speed signals in real time; for load monitoring: a Hall sensor detects changes in the motor current to feedback the dynamic load status; at the same time, an improved fuzzy PID algorithm combines fuzzy logic and PID control, and dynamically adjusts the proportional, integral, and differential coefficients according to the rotational speed deviation and the rate of change of the deviation to achieve millisecond-level response.

[0057] In a further embodiment of the present invention, a load adaptive strategy is adopted to dynamically correct the output torque based on current feedback to prevent mechanical damage caused by overload.

[0058] In a further embodiment of the present invention, a modular gearbox structure is adopted. The box body adopts a split cast iron structure, and an oil filling hole and a sealing ring are reserved to ensure lubrication and dust prevention performance.

[0059] In a further embodiment of the present invention, a lightweight drive shaft structure is adopted. The output shaft adopts a hollow shaft design to reduce the inertia moment and improve the dynamic response speed.

[0060] In a further embodiment of the present invention, a redundant protection structure is adopted. The key circuits and sensors are waterproof and shockproof encapsulated to adapt to the high-dust and multi-vibration field environment.

[0061] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the operation process of the present invention can be divided into three stages: power transmission, dynamic adjustment, and closed-loop control; Power transmission stage: After the motor is started, the power is transmitted from the input shaft to the speed-changing gearbox; the adjustable intermediate gear set switches the meshing state according to preset or real-time instructions, and outputs the power to the two output shafts; Output shaft 1 drives the seed guiding belt to convey seeds at a constant speed, and output shaft 2 drives the metering device to inhale and release seeds on time. Dynamic adjustment stage: The controller receives sowing parameters (such as the number of holes on the seed plate, crop type), calculates the theoretical speed ratio, and drives the servo motor to adjust the gear set to the matching tooth ratio. The closed-loop control stage includes: real-time feedback, algorithm regulation, and fault tolerance, which are specifically as follows:

[0062] Real-time feedback: The encoder continuously monitors the actual rotational speeds of the seed guiding belt and the metering device, and the Hall sensor collects the motor current signal. The Hall sensor is located at the end of the motor, as Figures 1 to 4 shown.

[0063] Algorithm regulation: If a deviation from the set ratio is detected, the fuzzy PID controller dynamically adjusts the PWM duty cycle of the motor to finely adjust the output torque and make the rotational speed return to the target value. When the load suddenly changes (such as seed blockage), the current signal triggers the adaptive strategy to temporarily increase the motor output power to avoid jamming.

[0064] Fault tolerance: The system is built with a self-check module. When the sensor is abnormal or the gearbox overheats, it automatically switches to the safe mode and alarms.

[0065] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the present invention has a streamlined structure. It uses a single motor plus a gearbox to replace the multi-motor system, reducing the maintenance cost.

[0066] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the present invention adopts dynamic precision detection. The fuzzy PID algorithm is combined with gear shifting to reduce the rotational speed proportional error.

[0067] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the present invention has high environmental adaptability. The sealing design and anti-interference circuit ensure the stable operation of the system in an environment of -20°C to 50°C and humidity below 90%.

[0068] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the present invention realizes energy efficiency improvement. The comprehensive energy consumption is reduced by 40% compared with the traditional dual-motor system, adapting to the electrification trend of new energy agricultural machinery.

[0069] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the present invention can be widely applied to precision seeders for crops such as corn and soybeans, especially suitable for complex working conditions such as high-speed operation, multi-crop switching, and hilly and mountainous areas, providing a cost-effective solution for smart agriculture.

[0070] In a further embodiment of the present invention, photoelectric encoders 20 for detecting rotational speed are installed on both the metering device power shaft 18 and the seed guiding belt power shaft 4. The two photoelectric encoders 20 are respectively used to monitor the rotational speeds of the metering device power shaft 18 and the seed guiding belt power shaft 4.

[0071] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the speed-changing gearbox 17 is composed of an input shaft gear, an adjustable intermediate gear set, and an output shaft gear. The output end of the motor 19 is connected to the input shaft. The motor 19 is used to drive the input shaft gear to rotate. The Hall sensor is installed on the motor 19. The internal of the speed-changing gearbox 17 adopts a shifting structure to adjust the transmission ratio. The single-chip microcomputer is used to control the internal of the speed-changing gearbox 17 to perform shifting operations to adjust the rotational speed of the output shaft gear, and further adjust the rotational speed of the output shaft, that is, the rotational speeds of the metering device power shaft 18 and the seed guiding belt power shaft 4.

[0072] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the adjustable intermediate gear set adopts a sliding gear or synchronizer structure, including multiple gear pairs with different numbers of teeth. The meshing relationship is switched through a shifting mechanism, thereby changing the transmission ratio of the speed-changing gearbox 17.

[0073] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the internal transmission structure of the speed-changing gearbox 17 is as Figures 8 to 10As shown, it contains 4 sets of speed-changing gear sets, namely: the first gear set 26, the second gear set 27, the third gear set 28 and the fourth gear set 29, which correspond to seed discs with different hole numbers. The gear box studied is suitable for seed discs with 30 holes, 27 holes, 25 holes and 21 holes, and can be adjusted according to the hole number of the seed disc for different crops.

[0074] In a further embodiment of the present invention, two synchronizers 22 are slidably mounted on the speed gear shaft 31 of the seed guide device, and the two electric push rods 21 push the two synchronizers 22 to slide on the speed gear shaft 31 of the seed guide device through two push rod mechanisms 23, respectively, to achieve meshing transmission of different gear sets to change the speed ratio of the speed gear shaft 31 of the seed guide device and the seed metering device power shaft 18; the synchronizer 22 is used to drive the seed guide belt power shaft 4 to rotate, and the bridge gear 24 is mounted on the end of the speed gear shaft 31 of the seed guide device, and the bridge gear 24 and the gear on the seed guide belt power shaft 4 are meshed for transmission, and the bridge gear 24 is used to drive the seed guide belt power shaft 4 to output the speed; the motor bridge gear 30 is mounted on the end of the seed metering device power shaft 18; the motor gear 25 is mounted on the output end of the motor 19, and the motor gear 25 and the motor bridge gear 30 are meshed with each other.

[0075] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the operating principle involves four meshing gear sets. When the input shaft transmits power to the seed metering unit's power shaft 18, an electric push rod 21 shifts a synchronizer 22 to a gear set with a different transmission ratio. The driven gear then rotates the synchronizer 22, which in turn rotates the seed guide belt's power shaft 4. The electric push rod 21 shifts the synchronizer 22 to the gear sets with different transmission ratios, enabling seeding operations with different seed trays for different crops. The seed metering unit's power shaft 18 serves as the driving shaft, while the seed guide belt's power shaft 4 serves as the driven shaft. The bridge gear 24 in the figure directly or indirectly drives the primary seeding wheel 2, the secondary seeding wheel 8, and the driving pulley 9. The electric push rod 21 is controlled by a single-chip microcomputer, enabling intelligent regulation.

[0076] In a further embodiment of the present invention, a gear meshing transmission with a fixed transmission ratio may be adopted between the bridge gear 24, the main seeding wheel 2, the auxiliary seeding wheel 8 and the driving pulley 9, or other transmission structures may be adopted.

[0077] In a further embodiment of the present invention, in summary, the speed change gear box 17 can realize the operation of seed discs with different numbers of holes. According to calculations, the rotational speeds of the seed guide device and the seed meter have a certain ratio, n1=akn2, a is the proportional coefficient, and k is the number of holes.

[0078] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the motor 19 is a DC motor, and photoelectric encoders 20 for detecting the rotational speed are installed on both the metering device power shaft 18 and the seed guiding belt power shaft 4. When the photoelectric encoder 20 detects that the rotational speeds of the metering device power shaft 18 and the seed guiding belt power shaft 4 are too fast or too slow, the motor 19 changes its own rotational speed.

[0079] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the present invention can also adjust the speed ratio between the metering device power shaft 18 and the seed guiding belt power shaft 4 through a speed change gearbox 17 to be applicable to different types of crops.

[0080] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the present invention not only realizes the self-rotational speed monitoring and adjustment of the metering device power shaft 18 and the seed guiding belt power shaft 4, but also provides four different speed ratio adjustments between the metering device power shaft 18 and the seed guiding belt power shaft 4, increasing the practicability of the present invention for different types and states of crops, and enabling the sowing operation of a variety of different types and states of crops.

[0081] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and thus do not limit the implementation manners and protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it should be able to realize that any equivalent replacement and obvious changes made by using the description and illustrations of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new type of high-speed seeding device driver, characterized in that, Including: A seed guiding device, a seed metering device, and a driving device. The seed guiding device and the seed metering device cooperate with each other, and the driving device is used to drive the seed guiding device and the seed metering device to operate; The seed metering device includes: a seed metering device housing (12), a seed chamber (13), and a seed metering disc (14). A seed chamber (13) is provided on the seed metering device housing (12). The seed metering disc (14) is located inside the seed metering device housing (12) and is rotatably installed on the seed metering device housing (12). The seed chamber (13) is located on one side of the seed metering disc (14) and is used to store seeds. A plurality of suction seed holes are provided on the seed metering disc (14) at equal circumferential intervals. The seed metering disc (14) is used to transfer the seeds in the seed chamber (13) to the seed guiding device; The seed guiding device includes: a seed receiving mechanism and a seed conveying mechanism. The seed conveying mechanism is connected to the seed receiving mechanism; the seed conveying mechanism is a conveyor belt structure; the seed conveying mechanism includes: a seed guiding belt (5) and a seed guiding belt housing (10). The seed guiding belt (5) is rotatably installed inside the seed guiding belt housing (10). A plurality of seed cavities for conveying seeds are provided on the seed guiding belt (5). A seed dropping port (7) is provided at the lower end of the seed guiding belt housing (10). The seed receiving mechanism is used to receive the seeds on the seed metering disc (14) into a seed cavity at the upper end of the seed guiding belt (5). The seed guiding belt (5) sequentially transports the seeds in the seed cavity to the seed dropping port (7) and finally drops them onto the seedbed.

2. The novel high-speed seeding device driver according to claim 1, wherein The seed receiving mechanism includes: a seed guiding belt gearbox (1), a main seed receiving wheel (2), and a secondary seed receiving wheel (8). The main seed receiving wheel (2) and the secondary seed receiving wheel (8) are respectively connected to two output ends of the seed guiding belt gearbox (1). The gap between the main seed receiving wheel (2) and the secondary seed receiving wheel (8) is located above the seed cavity of the seed guiding belt (5). The gap between the main seed receiving wheel (2) and the secondary seed receiving wheel (8) is smaller than the outer diameter of the seeds. When the seed metering disc (14) is in a working state, a plurality of suction seed holes on the seed metering disc (14) sequentially pass through the gap between the main seed receiving wheel (2) and the secondary seed receiving wheel (8) from top to bottom. The gap between the main seed receiving wheel (2) and the secondary seed receiving wheel (8) is used to clamp the seeds on the seed metering disc (14) and incorporate the seeds into the seed cavity of the seed guiding belt (5) through the rotation of the main seed receiving wheel (2) and the secondary seed receiving wheel (8).

3. The novel high-speed seeding device driver according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main seed receiving wheel (2) and the secondary seed receiving wheel (8) rotate in opposite directions.

4. The novel high-speed seeding device driver according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the main seed receiving wheel (2) and the secondary seed receiving wheel (8) are located on the suction seed side of the seed metering disc (14), and the main seed receiving wheel (2) is located on the left side of the secondary seed receiving wheel (8). The seed metering disc (14) rotates counterclockwise. The main seed receiving wheel (2) rotates clockwise, and the secondary seed receiving wheel (8) rotates counterclockwise.

5. The novel high-speed seeding device driver according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tooth parts on the main seed receiving wheel (2) and the secondary seed receiving wheel (8) are both soft teeth. The orientation of the tooth part of the main seed receiving wheel (2) is opposite to its rotation direction, and the orientation of the tooth part of the secondary seed receiving wheel (8) is opposite to its rotation direction.

6. The novel high-speed seeding device driver according to claim 2, wherein The seed receiving mechanism further includes: an anti-jamming limit block (3). The anti-jamming limit block (3) is installed on the seed guiding belt gearbox (1), and the anti-jamming limit block (3) is located below the main seed receiving wheel (2).

7. The novel high-speed seeding device driver according to claim 6, characterized in that, The seed conveying mechanism further includes: a tensioning mechanism (6), a driving pulley (9) and a driven pulley (11). The upper end of the seed guiding belt housing (10) is connected to the lower end of the seed guiding belt gearbox (1). The driving pulley (9) is connected to another output end of the seed guiding belt gearbox (1). The tensioning mechanism (6) is installed at the lower end of the seed guiding belt housing (10). The driven pulley (11) is rotatably installed on the tensioning mechanism (6). The seed guiding belt (5) is installed on the driving pulley (9) and the driven pulley (11). The tensioning mechanism (6) is used to push the driven pulley (11) downward to keep the seed guiding belt (5) in a tensioned state.

8. The novel high-speed seeding device driver according to claim 1, wherein, The seed metering device further includes: an air duct (16). A vacuum chamber is provided on the seed metering device housing (12). The vacuum chamber and the seed chamber (13) are respectively arranged on both sides of the seed metering disc (14). One end of the air duct (16) is installed on the seed metering device housing (12) and communicates with the vacuum chamber. The other end of the air duct (16) is connected to a blower.

9. The novel high-speed seeding device driver according to claim 7, characterized in that The seed metering device further includes: a side driving device (15). The side driving device (15) is installed on the seed metering device housing (12). A toothed structure is provided on the outer periphery of the seed metering disc (14). The output end of the side driving device (15) meshes with the toothed structure of the seed metering disc (14). The seed conveying mechanism further includes: a seed guiding belt power shaft (4). The seed guiding belt power shaft (4) is rotatably installed on the seed guiding belt gearbox (1). The seed guiding belt power shaft (4) is connected to the input end of the seed guiding belt gearbox (1).

10. The novel high-speed seeding device driver according to claim 9, characterized in that, The driving device includes: a speed change gearbox (17), a seed metering device power shaft (18), a motor (19) and an optical encoder (20). The motor (19) is installed at the input end of the speed change gearbox (17). The seed metering device power shaft (18) is connected to an output end of the speed change gearbox (17). The seed metering device power shaft (18) is connected to the input end of the side driving device (15). The seed guiding belt power shaft (4) is connected to another output end of the speed change gearbox (17). Optical encoders (20) for detecting the rotational speed are installed on both the seed metering device power shaft (18) and the seed guiding belt power shaft (4).

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