Industrial boiler waste gas desulfurization and dust removal device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of boiler desulfurization, and discloses an industrial boiler waste gas desulfurization and dust removal device, which comprises a desulfurization tower, the desulfurization tower is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet pipe, the middle lower part of the desulfurization tower is provided with a turbulence enhanced desulfurization area, and the industrial boiler waste gas desulfurization and dust removal device comprises a plurality of groups of atomization nozzles which are arranged on the inner and outer circles of the lower part of the desulfurization tower and are distributed in an annular array, the spraying direction of each group of atomizing nozzles is inclined upwards at an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane; and the dust removal and desulfurization rotational flow plate is positioned above the atomizing nozzle and is in an inverted cone shape. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: total cross-section uniform spraying and high-intensity turbulence mixing are realized, and desulfurization efficiency is improved; the problems of tower body deviation and load fluctuation are solved through the floating connecting mechanism; the flow guide lip and the flow guide inclined plane improve the slurry collection rate, shorten the residence time and reduce the solute crystallization probability, and the independent flow channel design avoids vortex and reduces the blockage risk of the drainage tube.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of boiler desulfurization, and specifically refers to an industrial boiler waste gas desulfurization and dust removal device. Background Art

[0002] During the operation of industrial boilers, a large amount of waste gas containing sulfur dioxide (SO2) and soot is emitted. Adopting an efficient desulfurization and dust removal device can reduce the negative impact of industrial boiler waste gas on the environment and reduce the economic losses caused by environmental pollution.

[0003] Traditional atomizing nozzles usually adopt single-nozzle direct injection or simple array arrangement, with a fixed spray cone angle and limited coverage area, which easily form spray blind spots in the center or edge of the tower body, resulting in insufficient contact between the waste gas and the desulfurization slurry. Moreover, traditional swirl plates mostly have a flat or small cone angle structure, with uniform blade heights, poor uniformity of the formed diversion channels, insufficient turbulence intensity when the gas flows through, and short gas-liquid contact time.

[0004] Traditional swirl plates are rigidly connected to the central axis through fixed flanges, with extremely high requirements for the verticality of the tower body (the deviation needs to be <0.1°). However, during the operation of industrial boilers, due to factors such as thermal expansion and contraction and foundation settlement, the tower body often tilts by ±1° - 3°, resulting in jamming of the swirl plate, friction between the blades and the tower wall, and even equipment vibration shutdown. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above difficulties and provide an industrial boiler waste gas desulfurization and dust removal device.

[0006] To solve the above technical problem, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: an industrial boiler waste gas desulfurization and dust removal device, including a desulfurization tower, and a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet pipe are provided on the desulfurization tower;

[0007] A turbulent flow enhanced desulfurization area is provided in the middle and lower part of the desulfurization tower, including: a plurality of groups of atomizing nozzles arranged in a circular array in two inner and outer circles at the lower part of the desulfurization tower, and the spraying direction of each group of atomizing nozzles is inclined upward at 45° to the horizontal plane; a dust removal and desulfurization swirl plate in an inverted cone shape above the atomizing nozzles, and a plurality of uniformly distributed spiral blades are provided on the dust removal and desulfurization swirl plate. Each spiral blade gradually extends from the center of the plate to the outer edge, and the height of the blade root is less than the height of the blade tip, forming a spiral structure with a gradually changing height. The top edge of the dust removal and desulfurization swirl plate is close to the inner wall of the desulfurization tower and is provided with an arc-shaped baffle;

[0008] The bottom of the dust removal and desulfurization swirl plate is connected to a central axis through a floating connection mechanism, and the bottom end of the central axis is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the desulfurization tower through a bearing seat. The floating connection mechanism allows a ±3° deflection between the central axis and the dust removal and desulfurization swirl plate to compensate for the verticality deviation and installation error of the tower body;

[0009] An annular flow collecting trough is provided between the atomizing nozzle and the dust removal and desulfurization cyclone plate. A diversion inclined plane and a diversion pipe are arranged at the bottom of the annular flow collecting trough for conveying the collected slurry to the bottom of the desulfurization tower. A demisting tray is arranged above the dust removal and desulfurization cyclone plate.

[0010] As an improvement, the atomizing nozzles are uniformly distributed and fixed on an annular support pipe rack on the inner wall of the desulfurization tower. Each group of atomizing nozzles branches from a main pipeline into three branch pipes, and an ultrasonic atomizing nozzle is installed at the end of each branch pipe, forming a radial structure of one main and three auxiliary, ensuring that the atomizing area covers the entire cross-section, and the spray cone angles of adjacent atomizing nozzles overlap in the tower center area, forming an umbrella-shaped atomizing coverage area.

[0011] As an improvement, the ultrasonic atomizing nozzle is frustum-shaped and is internally provided with a spiral guide vane for causing the slurry to rotate before ejection to enhance the atomizing effect.

[0012] As an improvement, the upper surface diameter of the dust removal and desulfurization cyclone plate is larger than the lower surface diameter, forming an inverted taper angle. The lower surface coincides with the spray radius of the outer ring of the nozzle, forming a seamless butt joint between the atomizing area and the cyclone plate inlet.

[0013] As an improvement, the spiral blades adopt twisted trapezoidal blades to form a gradually expanding diversion channel, and serrated diversion teeth are arranged at its edge to enhance the liquid dispersion effect.

[0014] As an improvement, the floating connection mechanism includes a cyclone plate flange arranged on the dust removal and desulfurization cyclone plate and a central shaft flange at the top of the central shaft 8. The two are fixedly connected by bolts. An annular positioning groove is machined on the bottom surface of the cyclone plate flange, and a concave spherical washer is installed in the groove, with the center of curvature facing the plate body. A convex spherical washer is installed on the central shaft flange, with the center of curvature deviating from the axis, and the radius of curvature of the convex spherical washer is smaller than the radius of curvature of the concave spherical washer. The two form a ball socket fit. The bolt hole diameters of the concave spherical washer, convex spherical washer, cyclone plate flange, and central shaft flange are all 2-3 mm larger than the nominal diameter of the bolt.

[0015] As an improvement, an axial dynamic compensation groove is reserved between the convex spherical washer and the central shaft flange. A set of disc springs sleeved on the bolt is arranged in the axial dynamic compensation groove for dynamically balancing the flue gas impact force and gravity.

[0016] As an improvement, the cross-section of the annular flow collecting trough is an inverted trapezoid and is fixed on an annular support beam. A diversion lip inclined inward is arranged at its edge. Uniformly distributed diversion partitions are arranged on the annular flow collecting trough to divide the trough body into independent flow channels to avoid slurry retention caused by eddy currents.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: The "radial ultrasonic atomizing nozzle + inverted cone gradually expanding swirl plate" is adopted to achieve uniform spraying across the section and high-intensity turbulent mixing, thereby improving the desulfurization efficiency; the floating connection mechanism is used to solve the problems of tower deviation and load fluctuation, and the maintenance-free period is extended to more than 1 year; the diversion lip and the separated flow channel design of the annular collecting trough shorten the slurry retention time and reduce the scaling risk.

[0018] 1. The present invention realizes uniform spraying across the section and high-intensity turbulent mixing through the "radial ultrasonic atomizing nozzle + inverted cone gradually expanding swirl plate". The inverted cone angle design and the gradually expanding channel of the blade increase the turbulent intensity by 60% when the air flow spirally rises, extend the gas-liquid contact time, and the liquid film is evenly distributed on the surface of the plate body, forming a double mass transfer interface of "spray droplets + surface liquid film". The deep desulfurization efficiency reaches more than 95%. At the same time, driven by centrifugal force, the dust removal rate of particles larger than 5μm exceeds 95%, the system integration degree is improved, and the investment cost is reduced.

[0019] 2. The present invention does not require high-precision verticality calibration (the traditional device requires a deviation <0.1°), can compensate for the ±3° inclination of the tower body caused by thermal expansion and contraction and foundation settlement, improves the adaptability of the old boiler transformation, shortens the installation period, dynamically balances the flue gas impact force and the gravity of the swirl plate, avoids the stress concentration of rigid connection, reduces the risk of bolt fracture, and significantly improves the operation stability.

[0020] 3. The diversion lip and the diversion inclined plane of the present invention improve the slurry collection rate, shorten the retention time, reduce the probability of solute crystallization, and the independent flow channel design avoids eddy currents, with relatively small slurry flow resistance and reduces the risk of drainage pipe blockage. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0021] Figure 1 is the external view schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 is the sectional schematic diagram of the present invention Figure 1 .

[0023] Figure 3 is the schematic diagram of the partial structure composition of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 is the exploded view of the partial structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 is the detailed drawing of the ultrasonic atomizing nozzle of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 is the sectional view of the ultrasonic atomizing nozzle of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 is the external view schematic diagram of the dust removal and desulfurization swirl plate of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 8 is a schematic cross-section of the present invention Figure 2 .

[0029] Figure 9 is the present invention Figure 8 a partially enlarged schematic view of the structure at location A of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 10 is the present invention Figure 8 a partially enlarged schematic view of the structure at location B of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 11 is a schematic view of the structural composition of the floating connection mechanism of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 12 is an exploded view of the floating connection mechanism of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 13 is a schematic view of the composition of a partial mechanism of the present invention.

[0034] As shown in the figure: 1. Desulfurization tower; 2. Flue gas inlet; 21. Flue gas outlet pipe; 3. Atomizing nozzle; 31. Ultrasonic atomizing nozzle; 32. Spiral guide vane; 4. Dust removal and desulfurization cyclone plate; 5. Spiral blade; 6. Arc-shaped baffle; 7. Floating connection mechanism; 71. Cyclone plate flange; 72. Central shaft flange; 73. Annular positioning groove; 74. Concave spherical washer; 75. Convex spherical washer; 76. Bolt; 77. Axial dynamic compensation groove; 78. Disc spring group; 8. Central shaft; 9. Bearing seat; 10. Annular flow collecting groove; 101. Flow guiding lip; 102. Flow guiding partition; 11. Drainage pipe; 12. Demisting tray; 13. Annular support pipe rack; 14. Annular support beam. Detailed implementation mode

[0035] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Combined with the attached Figure 1 and the attached Figure 2 and the attached Figure 3 and the attached Figure 4 and the attached Figure 9 and the attached Figure 13 As shown, an industrial boiler waste gas desulfurization and dust removal device includes a vertically arranged cylindrical desulfurization tower 1, with a flue gas outlet pipe 21 at its top and a flue gas inlet 2 on the side of the middle and lower part for introducing industrial boiler waste gas.

[0037] In the middle and lower part of the desulfurization tower 1, there is a turbulence-enhanced desulfurization area, including: a number of groups of atomizing nozzles 3 distributed in an annular array in the inner and outer circles at the lower part of the desulfurization tower 1, and the spraying direction of each group of atomizing nozzles 3 is inclined upward at 45° to the horizontal plane; a dust-removing and desulfurizing cyclone plate 4 in an inverted conical shape above the atomizing nozzles 3, and a number of uniformly distributed spiral blades 5 are arranged on the dust-removing and desulfurizing cyclone plate 4. Each spiral blade 5 gradually extends from the center of the plate to the outer edge, and the height of the blade root is less than the height of the blade tip, forming a spiral structure with a gradually changing height. The top edge of the dust-removing and desulfurizing cyclone plate 4 is close to the inner wall of the desulfurization tower 1 and is provided with an arc-shaped baffle 6; the bottom of the dust-removing and desulfurizing cyclone plate 4 is connected to a central shaft 8 through a floating connection mechanism 7, and the bottom end of the central shaft 8 is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the desulfurization tower 1 through a bearing seat 9. The floating connection mechanism 7 allows a ±3° deflection between the central shaft 8 and the dust-removing and desulfurizing cyclone plate 4 to compensate for the verticality deviation and installation error of the tower body; an annular collecting trough 10 is arranged between the atomizing nozzles 3 and the dust-removing and desulfurizing cyclone plate 4. The bottom of the annular collecting trough 10 is provided with a guiding inclined plane and a drainage pipe 11 for transporting the collected slurry to the bottom of the desulfurization tower 1, and a demisting tray 12 is arranged on the upper side of the dust-removing and desulfurizing cyclone plate 4.

[0038] The cross-section of the annular collecting trough 10 is an inverted trapezoid and is fixed on the annular support beam 14. The edge thereof is provided with a guiding lip 101 inclined inward. The annular collecting trough 10 is internally provided with uniformly distributed guiding partition plates 102 to divide the trough body into independent flow channels to avoid slurry retention caused by eddy currents.

[0039] The working principle of the present invention: Based on the synergistic effect of gas-liquid two-phase turbulence-enhanced mass transfer and centrifugal force dust removal, through atomizing spraying, swirling mixing, slurry circulation and dynamic compensation structure design, high-efficiency desulfurization and dust removal are realized. The specific process is as follows: First, the sulfur-containing waste gas (mainly containing pollutants such as SO2 and dust) discharged from the industrial boiler enters the tower tangentially or radially from the smoke inlet 2 in the middle and lower part of the desulfurization tower 1. During the upward flow, it first contacts the atomizing nozzles 3 in the turbulence-enhanced desulfurization area. The atomized fine droplets (with a diameter of 50-200 μm) react with acidic gases such as SO2 in the waste gas through gas-liquid mass transfer to generate products such as calcium sulfite or calcium sulfate, realizing preliminary desulfurization.

[0040] Then, the waste gas containing droplets continues to rise to the dust-removing and desulfurizing cyclone plate 4. During this process, the waste gas is forced to move in a spiral motion when passing through the blades, forming a high-speed rotating gas-liquid two-phase flow: the rotating gas flow drives the droplets to form a uniform liquid film on the surface of the cyclone plate, and the unreacted SO2 continues to be absorbed by the liquid film, and the mass transfer efficiency is significantly improved; the dust particles are thrown to the tower wall due to centrifugal force, collide and coagulate with the spraying droplets and then slide down with the slurry, or are directly captured by the liquid film, realizing dust removal.

[0041] Immediately afterwards, when the slurry (containing reaction products and dust particles) separated by atomizing spray and cyclone plate falls downward, it is collected by the annular flow collecting tank 10 between the atomizing nozzles 3 and the dust removal and desulfurization cyclone plate 4: the arc-shaped baffle 6 at the top of the dust removal and desulfurization cyclone plate 4 conveys the slurry to the inner wall of the desulfurization tower 1 and forms a liquid film to be conveyed to the top of the annular flow collecting tank 10. The guiding lip 101 at the edge of the annular flow collecting tank 10 inclines inwards to guide the slurry to quickly flow into the tank; the guiding inclined plane at the bottom of the tank is communicated with the drain pipe 11 to convey the slurry to the bottom circulation pool of the tower, and after being pressurized by the pump body, it re-enters the atomizing nozzles for recycling, reducing slurry waste and maintaining the stability of the liquid level in the tower. The flue gas treated by the dust removal and desulfurization cyclone plate 4 carries a small amount of fine droplets. When it rises to the demisting tray 12, the droplets are removed and the humidity of the flue gas is reduced through the inertial collision and interception of the cyclone plate. Finally, the purified flue gas is discharged from the smoke outlet pipe 21 at the top of the tower, meeting the industrial waste gas emission standards.

[0042] Combined with the attached Figure 2 、the attached Figure 3 、the attached Figure 4 、the attached Figure 5 、the attached Figure 6 、the attached Figure 7 、the attached Figure 8 and the attached Figure 9 As shown in, the atomizing nozzles 3 are uniformly distributed and fixed on the annular support pipe rack 13 on the inner wall of the desulfurization tower 1. Each group of atomizing nozzles 3 branches from one main pipe into three branch pipes, and an ultrasonic atomizing nozzle 31 is installed at the end of each branch pipe, forming a radial structure of one main and three auxiliary, ensuring that the atomizing area covers the entire cross-section, and the spray cone angles of adjacent atomizing nozzles 3 overlap in the tower center area, forming an umbrella-shaped atomizing coverage area. The ultrasonic atomizing nozzle 31 is frustum-shaped and internally provided with a spiral guide vane 32 for causing the slurry to rotate before spraying to enhance the atomizing effect.

[0043] The upper surface diameter of the dust removal and desulfurization cyclone plate 4 is larger than the lower surface diameter, forming an inverted cone angle. The lower surface coincides with the spray radius of the outer ring of the nozzle, forming a seamless butt joint between the atomizing area and the cyclone plate inlet. The spiral blade 5 adopts a twisted trapezoidal blade to form a gradually expanding guide channel, and serrated guide teeth 51 are arranged at its edge to enhance the liquid dispersion effect.

[0044] As a supplement: at 0.4D and 0.8D from the tower center (D is the cross-sectional diameter of the desulfurization tower), two layers of nozzle arrays, namely the inner ring and the outer ring, are respectively arranged. Four groups of nozzles are arranged in the inner ring and ten groups of nozzles are arranged in the outer ring, which are evenly distributed in a ring (the included angle between adjacent nozzles is 30°), ensuring that the cross-sectional coverage rate of the atomizing droplets at 0.8 m below the cyclone plate reaches 100%, and the edge droplets are at a short distance from the tower wall (to avoid directly scouring the tower wall and reduce scaling). The main pipe of the annular support pipe rack 13 is a DN80 stainless steel pipe, which is connected to a variable frequency water pump. The branch pipes are DN25 corrosion-resistant hoses, and each group of branch pipes is installed with an electromagnetic flowmeter (to monitor the flow rate in real time) and a pressure sensor.

[0045] Flue gas flow direction: It enters from below the cyclone plate 4 for dust removal and desulfurization. After being guided by the spiral blade 5, the tangential velocity increases from 5 m / s at the center to 15 m / s at the edge, forming a spiral upward air flow.

[0046] Movement of atomized droplets: The droplets are carried and rotated by the air flow and move towards the tower wall under the action of centrifugal force, colliding and agglomerating with the dust particles in the flue gas.

[0047] Marking of plate spacing: The center distance between the upper and lower cyclone plates is 1.8 m. The bottom cyclone plate is 0.8 m away from the atomization area of the lower nozzle, and the top layer is 0.4 m away from the demister above.

[0048] Working principle of the cooperation mechanism between the atomized liquid and the cyclone plate 4 for dust removal and desulfurization: The nano-magnesium oxide slurry forms ultra-fine droplets with a size of < 50 μm through the ultrasonic atomizing nozzle 31. When the droplets reach below the cyclone plate along with the flue gas, the flue gas is forced to be given a clockwise tangential velocity (5 m / s at the center → 15 m / s at the edge) by 20 spiral blades, forming a spiral upward air flow. Due to the density of the droplets being much larger than that of the gas (about 1000 times), radial movement (from the center to the tower wall) occurs under the action of centrifugal force, and its trajectory is a "spiral + centrifugal" composite movement, significantly extending the gas-liquid contact time (from 0.2 s in the straight pipe section to more than 1.0 s in the cyclone area). Turbulent shear breakup: The high-speed air flow between the blades of the cyclone plate forms a high relative velocity difference with the droplets, and the surface of the droplets is sheared and peeled into smaller droplets (part of them < 20 μm), increasing the new surface area and enhancing the SO2 absorption rate (when the specific surface area increases by 1 time, the mass transfer coefficient increases by 30%); Vortex collision mixing: The air flow rotates weakly at the root of the blade (central area), forming a low-speed vortex area; the tip of the blade (edge area) rotates at high speed, forming a strong vortex. When the droplets shuttle between different vortices, they undergo vortex diffusion mixing with the SO2 molecules in the flue gas, and the mass transfer efficiency is improved compared to the laminar state; Membrane mass transfer enhancement: The 10-mm-high baffle at the edge of the cyclone plate causes some droplets to form a thin liquid film (thickness 0.5 - 1 mm) on the plate surface. When the flue gas spirally flows along the liquid film surface, SO2 is absorbed through the path of "gas film diffusion → liquid film dissolution → reaction with MgO", and the mass transfer resistance of the liquid film is reduced by 40% compared to discrete droplets (due to the higher stability of the liquid film).

[0049] Meanwhile, for the removal of coarse dust: When the coarse dust rotates with the flue gas, due to its large inertia, it directly impacts the droplets with intersecting movement trajectories (droplet diameter < 50 μm, dust 10 - 100 μm), and is wrapped by the droplets to form a "dust-droplet aggregate". The aggregate has an increased density (the density of the droplet containing dust ≈ 1.5 g / cm 3 ), and is thrown towards the tower wall in the high-speed centrifugal area at the edge of the cyclone plate and slides down along the tower wall to the slurry pool at the bottom of the tower. The fine dust that is not captured (< 10 μm) then enters the subsequent dust removal area.

[0050] Combined with the attached Figure 4 and the attached Figure 7 and the attached Figure 8 and the attached Figure 10 and the attached Figure 11 and the attached Figure 12 As shown, the floating connection mechanism 7 includes a cyclone plate flange 71 provided on the dust removal and desulfurization cyclone plate 4 and a central axis flange 72 at the top of the central axis 8. The two are fixedly connected by bolts 76. An annular positioning groove 73 is machined on the bottom surface of the cyclone plate flange 71, and a concave spherical washer 74 is installed in the groove, with the center of curvature facing the plate body. A convex spherical washer 75 is installed on the central axis flange 72, with the center of curvature facing away from the axis, and the radius of curvature of the convex spherical washer 75 is smaller than that of the concave spherical washer 74. The two form a ball socket fit. The bolt hole diameters of the concave spherical washer 74, convex spherical washer 75, cyclone plate flange 71, and central axis flange 72 are all 2-3 mm larger than the nominal diameter of the bolt 76. An axial dynamic compensation groove 77 is reserved between the convex spherical washer 75 and the central axis flange 72, and a set of disc springs 78 sleeved on the bolt 76 is provided in the axial dynamic compensation groove 77 for dynamically balancing the flue gas impact force and gravity.

[0051] As a supplement, a thrust bearing (usually a spherical roller thrust bearing) is installed at the lower end of the central axis 8 by interference fit to ensure the axial load transfer efficiency. The bearing housing 9 is fixed to the tower bottom concrete foundation or steel structure support by anchor bolts, forming a rigid force transmission chain of "shaft - bearing - foundation". When the flue gas velocity is 20-25 m / s, the pneumatic axial force borne by the dust removal and desulfurization cyclone plate 4 is about 1.5-2 times its own weight, and is balanced by the set of disc springs 78 and the thrust bearing together. The spherical surfaces of the concave spherical washer 74 and the convex spherical washer 75 are both coated with a molybdenum disulfide coating (friction coefficient ≤ 0.015), and high-temperature lithium-based grease is filled during installation, and lubrication is replenished once every 8000 h of operation.

[0052] Working principle of the floating connection mechanism 7: When there is an angular deviation between the central axis 8 and the cyclone plate flange 71, the ball head of the convex spherical washer 75 can slide in the bowl-shaped groove of the concave spherical washer 74, allowing a deflection angle of ±3. Also, because the bolt hole diameters of the spherical washers and the flange are larger than the nominal diameter of the bolt, when the central axis 8 and the cyclone plate flange 71 deflect, the bolt 76 can swing freely in the bolt hole without generating additional bending moments. The ball socket fit of the spherical washers allows relative rotation, and the molybdenum disulfide coating and the spherical geometry design minimize the rotational resistance.

[0053] In the specific implementation of the present invention: First, the waste gas is introduced into the desulfurization tower and enters the atomization spraying stage: The industrial waste gas containing SO2 and dust enters the tower radially or tangentially from the smoke inlet 2 in the middle and lower part of the desulfurization tower. The inner and outer two circles of atomizing nozzles 3 rotate and accelerate the slurry and then spray it upward at an angle of 45°, forming an umbrella-shaped atomization cone that covers the entire tower cross-section and fully contacts the rising waste gas, taking place the preliminary desulfurization reaction. The atomized droplets react with acidic gases such as SO2 in the waste gas through mass transfer to generate calcium sulfite or calcium sulfate; at the same time, some dust particles are captured by the inertial collision of the droplets and settle by the gravity of the droplets or continue to move upward.

[0054] Secondly, it enters the swirl strengthening treatment stage: The inverted conical dust removal and desulfurization swirl plate 4 guides the airflow to rotate. The dust particles are thrown towards the tower wall under the action of centrifugal force, collide and agglomerate with the spray droplets to form larger particles, and slide down along the tower wall to the annular collecting trough 10. The liquid film formed on the surface of the dust removal and desulfurization swirl plate 4 fully contacts the rotating airflow, and the unreacted SO2 continues to be absorbed. At the same time, the serrated guide teeth 51 on the edge of the spiral blade 5 break the droplets, increasing the mass transfer area.

[0055] Subsequently, it enters the slurry collection and circulation stage: The slurry that has not reacted during atomization spraying and the slurry containing dust and sulfur separated by the swirl plate fall back under the action of gravity and airflow, and are collected by the annular collecting trough 10 between the atomizing nozzles and the swirl plate. The slurry converges to the drainage pipe 11 and is transported to the bottom circulation pool of the tower. A filter screen is arranged in the bottom circulation pool of the tower to separate the dust particles and reaction products in the slurry. The clear liquid is re-transported to the atomizing nozzles by the circulation pump to realize the recycling of the slurry. The precipitates (such as gypsum) at the bottom of the circulation pool are discharged regularly to maintain the activity of the slurry.

[0056] Finally, it enters the demisting and purification discharge stage: The treated flue gas rises to the demisting tray 12. Through the inertial collision of the baffle plate, the droplets aggregate into large particles and then fall back into the annular collecting trough 10. The purified flue gas is discharged from the smoke outlet pipe 21 at the top of the tower.

[0057] The above describes the present invention and its implementation manners. This description is not restrictive. What is shown in the drawings is only one of the implementation manners of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Generally speaking, if those of ordinary skill in the art are inspired by it and, without departing from the purpose of the present invention creation, design structurally similar ways and embodiments to this technical solution without creative efforts, they shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An industrial boiler exhaust gas desulfurization and dust removal device, comprising a desulfurization tower (1), the desulfurization tower (1) being provided with a smoke inlet (2) and a smoke outlet pipe (21), characterized in that: The desulfurization tower (1) is provided with a turbulence enhanced desulfurization zone in the middle and lower part, comprising: a plurality of groups of atomizing nozzles (3) distributed in a circular array in the inner and outer circles of the lower part of the desulfurization tower (1), the spray direction of each group of atomizing nozzles (3) being inclined upward at 45 degrees to the horizontal plane; a dust removal and desulfurization swirl plate (4) in an inverted cone shape located above the atomizing nozzles (3), the dust removal and desulfurization swirl plate (4) being provided with a plurality of evenly distributed spiral blades (5), each spiral blade (5) gradually extending from the center of the plate to the outer edge, and the height of the blade root being less than the height of the blade tip, forming a spiral structure with a gradually changing height, and the top edge of the dust removal and desulfurization swirl plate (4) being close to the inner wall of the desulfurization tower (1) and provided with a circular arc baffle (6); The bottom of the dust removal and desulfurization cyclone plate (4) is connected to a central shaft (8) via a floating connection mechanism (7), and the bottom end of the central shaft (8) is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the desulfurization tower (1) via a bearing seat (9). The floating connection mechanism (7) allows a ±3° deflection between the central shaft (8) and the dust removal and desulfurization cyclone plate (4) to compensate for tower body verticality deviation and installation error. An annular collecting trough (10) is provided between the atomizing nozzle (3) and the dust removal and desulfurization cyclone plate (4). A guide slope and a drainage pipe (11) are provided at the bottom of the annular collecting trough (10) for conveying the collected slurry to the bottom of the desulfurization tower (1). A demisting disk (12) is provided on the upper side of the dust removal and desulfurization cyclone plate (4).

2. The industrial boiler waste gas desulfurization and dust removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The atomizing nozzles (3) are evenly distributed and fixed on an annular support pipe rack (13) on the inner wall of the desulfurization tower (1). Each group of atomizing nozzles (3) is divided into three branch pipes by a main pipe, and an ultrasonic atomizing nozzle (31) is installed at the end of each branch pipe to form a radial structure of one main pipe and three auxiliary pipes, ensuring that the atomization area covers the entire cross section, and the spray cone angles of adjacent atomizing nozzles (3) overlap in the center area of the tower to form an umbrella-shaped atomization coverage area.

3. An industrial boiler waste gas desulfurization and dust removal device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ultrasonic atomizing nozzle (31) is in the shape of a cone and has a built-in spiral guide plate (32) for causing the slurry to rotate before being sprayed out, thereby enhancing the atomization effect.

4. An industrial boiler waste gas desulfurization and dust removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the upper surface of the dust removal and desulfurization cyclone plate (4) is larger than the diameter of the lower surface, forming an inverted cone angle, and the lower surface coincides with the injection radius of the outer ring of the nozzle, forming a seamless connection between the atomization area and the cyclone plate inlet.

5. The industrial boiler waste gas desulfurization and dust removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral blade (5) adopts a twisted trapezoidal blade to form a gradually expanding flow guide channel, and a sawtooth-shaped flow guide tooth (51) is provided on the edge of the spiral blade to enhance the liquid dispersion effect.

6. An industrial boiler waste gas desulfurization and dust removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floating connection mechanism (7) includes a cyclone plate flange (71) provided on the dust removal and desulfurization cyclone plate (4) and a central shaft flange (72) at the top of the central shaft (8). The two are fixedly connected by bolts (76). An annular positioning groove (73) is machined on the bottom surface of the cyclone plate flange (71), and a concave spherical washer (74) is installed in the groove, with the center of curvature facing the plate body. A convex spherical washer (75) is installed on the central shaft flange (72), with the center of curvature deviating from the axis, and the radius of curvature of the convex spherical washer (75) is smaller than the radius of curvature of the concave spherical washer (74). The two form a ball-and-socket fit. The bolt hole diameters of the concave spherical washer (74), convex spherical washer (75), cyclone plate flange (71), and central shaft flange (72) are all 2-3 mm larger than the nominal diameter of the bolt (76).

7. An industrial boiler waste gas desulfurization and dust removal device according to claim 6, characterized in that: An axial dynamic compensation groove (77) is reserved between the convex spherical washer (75) and the central shaft flange (72). A set of disc springs (78) sleeved on the bolt (76) is provided in the axial dynamic compensation groove (77) for dynamically balancing the flue gas impact force and gravity.

8. An industrial boiler waste gas desulfurization and dust removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-section of the annular flow collecting groove (10) is an inverted trapezoid and is fixed on the annular support beam (14). A flow guiding lip (101) inclined inward is provided at its edge. Uniformly distributed flow guiding partitions (102) are arranged in the annular flow collecting groove (10) to divide the groove body into independent flow channels to avoid slurry retention caused by eddy currents.

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