Method for producing assembly having shaft and component

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a group of structures having a shaft (1), which extends in the axial direction, and a component (2), which engages with the shaft radially outside of the shaft (1). A reduced rejection rate and a higher quality of the assembly are achieved by determining a deviation of an actual outer surface (3) of the shaft (1) from an ideal outer surface (4), the shaft (1) and the component (2) being moved in a radial direction relative to each other when the shaft (1) is guided through a joining opening (5) of the component (2) as a function of the determined deviation. The invention further relates to a device (100) for the production of the structural group of this type.

Description

Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a structural group having a shaft and a component, the component being joined to the shaft radially outside the shaft. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an apparatus for manufacturing such a structural group. Background Art

[0002] Shafts that rotate about an axial rotation axis during operation are used in a variety of applications. Generally, at least one component is joined to the shaft radially outside the shaft in order to fulfill a function in the associated application when the shaft rotates. To join the component to the shaft, the component typically has an opening through which the shaft is guided axially.

[0003] Such a method is known from DE 10 2021 213 755 A1. Here, a component is received by means of at least three tensioning elements for manufacturing a structural group having a shaft and a component, the component having a radial outer surface that has a demolding slope. The tensioning elements are oriented or can be oriented such that the tensioning elements each hold the component only pointwise. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention is directed to the task of providing an improved or at least different embodiment for a method for manufacturing a structural group having a shaft and a component and for an apparatus for manufacturing such a structural group. In particular, the present invention is directed to the task of providing an embodiment for the method and for the apparatus that is distinguished by a reduced reject rate and / or improved quality of the manufactured structural group.

[0005] According to the invention, this task is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0006] Thus, the present invention is based on the basic idea that when the shaft is introduced into the engagement opening of the component, the radial deviation of the outer surface of the shaft from the ideal shape is taken into account such that the shaft and the component are moved relative to each other to compensate for the deviation. Thus, collisions between the shaft and the component when the shaft is introduced into the component are avoided. This results in avoiding or at least reducing the formation of surface changes, in particular scratches and scuffs, on the outer surface of the shaft and the associated inner surface of the engagement opening. As a result, on the one hand, damage that leads to a reject rate is avoided due to such collisions. On the other hand, the avoidance or at least reduction of surface changes results in a reliable and stable relative positioning of the component relative to the shaft and thus in an improved quality of the manufactured structural group.

[0007] According to the inventive concept, in a method for manufacturing a structural assembly, a shaft and a component are provided. The shaft extends axially and has an outer surface, which is also referred to hereinafter as the actual outer surface. The component has an opening for receiving the shaft, which is also referred to hereinafter as the engagement opening. The engagement opening has an inner surface. In order to engage the component with the shaft, the shaft is moved axially relative to the component such that the shaft is guided through the engagement opening. Herein, the deviation of the actual outer surface of the shaft from a pre-given ideal outer surface is determined. Depending on the determined deviation, the shaft and the component are moved radially relative to each other during the axial movement. This radial movement is achieved such that the shaft is guided axially through the engagement opening without contact with the inner surface of the engagement opening.

[0008] The relative radial movement depending on the deviation is preferably achieved such that the radial movement is carried out in the case of exceeding a pre-given limit value of the deviation. Thereby, unnecessary relative radial movements are avoided and thus the manufacturing of the structural assembly is simplified.

[0009] Preferably, the ideal outer surface and the inner surface are dimensioned such that a radial engagement gap is provided between the ideal outer surface and the inner surface when guiding the shaft through the engagement opening.

[0010] Suitably, the engagement gap takes into account the deviation within the tolerance range of the outer diameter of the shaft. Considering the deviation of the outer surface of the shaft according to the invention in particular allows the engagement gap to be selected smaller. A smaller engagement gap in turn leads to an improved quality of the manufactured structural assembly. On the other hand, the amount of overlap not utilized by reducing the engagement gap can also be used to increase the maximum engagement overlap. Thereby, higher torques and / or higher axial moving forces can be transmitted via the engagement connection.

[0011] The deviation of the actual outer surface from the ideal outer surface occurs especially for production reasons, that is to say during the manufacture of the shaft. In particular, this type of deviation increases with increasing axial extension of the shaft. That is, the solution according to the invention in particular also allows the structural assembly to be manufactured with a reduced reject rate and improved quality with a shaft dimensioned in this way.

[0012] For example, the ideal outer surface corresponds to the outer surface of a cylinder, in particular a circular cylinder.

[0013] The directions given currently refer to the axis of rotation, about which the shaft rotates during operation. Herein, the axis of rotation extends axially. Correspondingly, "axial" means parallel or coaxial with the axis of rotation. In addition, "radial" means transverse to the axis of rotation and thus transverse to the axial direction. Furthermore, the "circumferential direction" extends around the axis of rotation or "axially".

[0014] Thus, in the sense of the present invention, radial movement means movement transverse to the axis of rotation of the shaft. Thus, the radial movement extends in particular translationally in a plane having a normal extending parallel to the axis of rotation.

[0015] In principle, the shaft and the component can be joined to each other in any manner.

[0016] Advantageously, the shaft and the component are joined to each other thermally, wherein the component is heated. Here, the solution according to the invention allows the component to be heated less. This leads on the one hand to a reduction in the energy required and thus to a more efficient manufacture of the structural group. On the other hand, the reduction in the heat input into the component leads to avoiding or at least reducing the structural changes of the component due to the heat input. This leads to an improvement in the quality of the components in the structural group and thus to an improvement in the quality of the structural group.

[0017] The relative axial movement of the shaft and the component can be achieved in any manner.

[0018] Simplified manufacture of the structural group can be achieved by the following way: in order to move the shaft and the component axially relative to each other, the component is fixed axially and the shaft is moved axially.

[0019] The shaft and the component can be moved relative to each other radially in any manner.

[0020] Advantageously, in order to move the shaft and the component relative to each other radially, the shaft is clamped radially fixed and is moved radially relative to the component via this clamping, wherein the component itself is also fixed radially and clamped axially fixed. Thus, simplified manufacture of the structural group is led to.

[0021] In principle, the structural group can be used in any application. In particular, the component can have any outer contour.

[0022] For example, the structural group can be used in an electric motor.

[0023] In particular, the structural group can be part of a camshaft. Here, the component can have a non-circular outer surface. In particular, the component can be a cam.

[0024] Advantageously, the manufacture of the structural group is achieved by means of a device.

[0025] Preferably, the device has means for determining the deviation of the actual outer surface from the ideal outer surface, which means are also referred to hereinafter as measuring means. The measuring means are configured accordingly. Furthermore, the device has means for moving the component and the shaft relative to one another radially, which means are also referred to hereinafter as correcting means. The correcting means are configured accordingly. Furthermore, the device has a control means which is connected to the measuring means and the correcting means and is configured such that the device manufactures the structural group according to the invention.

[0026] Advantageously, the device furthermore has means for moving the shaft and the component relative to one another axially, which means are also referred to hereinafter as pushing means. The pushing means are configured accordingly.

[0027] Thus, in order to manufacture the structural group in the device, the component is moved radially relative to the shaft according to the deviation determined by means of the measuring means. Preferably, the shaft is guided axially through the engagement opening of the component by means of the pushing means.

[0028] Advantageously, the measuring means has a probe for determining the deviation. Here, the shaft slides along the probe during axial movement such that the measuring means determines the deviation by means of the probe. This results in a simple determination of the deviation and at the same time in avoiding or at least reducing changes on the outer surface of the shaft. This thus leads to a simplified manufacture while improving the quality of the structural group.

[0029] Alternatively or additionally, the measuring means can have at least one distance sensor for non-contact determination of the deviation. A corresponding non-contact distance sensor can operate effectively, for example, in a laser-based and / or eddy-current-based and / or capacitance-based manner.

[0030] In an advantageous embodiment, the device has an engagement support on which the component is positioned for engagement with the shaft. Here, for engagement, the shaft is guided through the engagement opening and through the engagement support.

[0031] For example, the engagement support can be arranged on an engagement table.

[0032] Preferably, the correcting means has at least one actuator which, during operation, adjusts the engagement support such that at least one actuator moves the component relative to the shaft radially during operation. The actuator is also referred to hereinafter as a support actuator. Thus, a relative radial movement of the component relative to the shaft is achieved via the engagement support such that there is no direct contact between the correcting means and the component. This leads to a simplified manufacture of the component. Thus, a device according to the prior art can furthermore be retrofitted / modified in a simplified manner into a device according to the invention. Preferably, here, the engagement support is supported in the device in a radially movable manner.

[0033] Preferably, the alignment device has at least two such support actuators which are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction. Here, the respective support actuator adjusts the engagement support linearly during operation. This results in a simplified construction of the support actuator and in a simplified implementation of the relative radial movement.

[0034] In particular, the support actuators are arranged equidistantly from one another in the circumferential direction.

[0035] For example, the alignment device has three or four such support actuators.

[0036] Alternatively or additionally, the device may have at least one tensioning element for clamping the component externally in the radial direction. The at least one tensioning element is in particular for the purpose of positioning the component in the circumferential direction and / or preventing the component from twisting during engagement.

[0037] For example, the at least one tensioning element can be part of a clamping fixture for clamping the component externally in the radial direction.

[0038] Preferably, the alignment device has an assigned actuator for at least one of the at least one tensioning element, which actuator adjusts the assigned tensioning element during operation such that at least one actuator moves the component radially relative to the shaft. The actuator is also referred to hereinafter as a tensioning actuator. That is, thus, the component is moved radially via the at least one tensioning element. This results in a simple implementation of the manufacture of the component. In addition, in this way, a device according to the prior art can be retrofitted / modified in a simplified manner to a device according to the invention. Preferably, the respective tensioning element is supported movably in the device.

[0039] Preferably, the alignment device has at least two such tensioning actuators which are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction. Here, the respective tensioning actuator adjusts the component linearly during operation. In this way, a simplified implementation of the relative radial movement is achieved. Preferably, the respective tensioning element is supported linearly movably in the device.

[0040] In particular, the tensioning actuators are arranged equidistantly from one another in the circumferential direction.

[0041] For example, the alignment device has three or four such tensioning actuators.

[0042] It should be understood that the structural group can also include two or more such components. Here, preferably, the respective component is moved radially relative to the shaft according to the deviation as described above.

[0043] Other important features and advantages of the invention result from the dependent claims, the drawings and the associated description of the drawings.

[0044] It should be understood that the features mentioned above and those to be set forth below can be used not only in the respective given combinations, but also in other combinations or alone, without departing from the framework of the invention.

[0045] Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are set forth in more detail in the following description, wherein the same reference numerals refer to the same or similar or functionally equivalent components. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] The drawings schematically show respectively:

[0047] Figure 1 A highly simplified cross-sectional view showing the production of a structural group having a shaft and a component in a device,

[0048] Figure 2 A top view showing the joint support of the device with a component in another embodiment of the device,

[0049] Figure 3 Showing in another embodiment Figure 2 of the view,

[0050] Figure 4 A top view showing the tensioning element of the device with a component in another embodiment of the device,

[0051] Figure 5 Showing in a further embodiment Figure 4 of the view. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The structural group includes a shaft 1 shown only in Figure 1 and at least one component 2 which engages the shaft 1 radially outside the shaft 1. As Figure 1 shown, the shaft 1 extends axially and has a radial outer surface 3 which is also referred to hereinafter as the actual outer surface 3. Hereinafter, a method for manufacturing the structural group is described based on the sole component 2. It is clear here that the description can be transferred analogously to further components 2.

[0053] The directions given currently refer to the set rotational axis R of the shaft 1 during operation. Here, "axial" or coaxial (coaxial in the illustrated embodiment) extends relative to the rotational axis R. Furthermore, "radial" extends transversely to the axial direction and thus transversely to the rotational axis R. In addition, the circumferential direction U extends around the rotational axis R.

[0054] The actual outer surface 3 of the shaft 1 can be with the one inFigure 1 is different from the pre-given outer surface 4 shown in dashed lines, which pre-given outer surface is also referred to hereinafter as the ideal outer surface 4. In the illustrated embodiment, the ideal outer surface 4 corresponds to such an outer surface of a cylinder. Here, in Figure 1 , in order to better present the deviation from the ideal outer surface 4, the actual outer surface 3 is shown in an extreme way. In Figure 1 , in addition, this deviation is represented by the non-straight running of the longitudinal central axis L of the shaft 1, which in the ideal case extends coaxially with the rotational axis R.

[0055] As described above, in this structural group, the shaft 1 and the component 2 are joined to each other, where the component 2 is joined to the shaft 1 radially outside the shaft 1. For this purpose, the component 2 has an opening 5, which has an inner surface 6. Hereinafter, this opening 5 is also referred to as the joining opening 5. For example, the joining opening 5 can be realized as a hole 7 in the component 2. Here, in order to join the component 2 to the shaft 1, the shaft 1 is moved axially relative to the component 2 such that the shaft 1 is guided through the joining opening 2. In Figure 1 , this axial movement is represented by an arrow.

[0056] In the illustrated embodiment, the component 2 is purely exemplary a cam 8, as can be seen from Figures 2 to 5 . Thus, in the illustrated embodiment, this structural group is in particular a camshaft not shown or a component of a camshaft.

[0057] As will be explained hereinafter, when manufacturing this structural group, the deviation between the actual outer surface 3 and the ideal outer surface 4 is considered and compensated. For this purpose, the radial deviation between the actual outer surface 3 and the ideal outer surface 4 is determined. In addition, during the axial movement, depending on the determined deviation, the relative radial movement of the shaft 1 and the component 2 relative to each other is realized such that the shaft 1 is guided axially through the joining opening 5 without contact with the inner surface 6 of the joining opening 5. In particular, here, if this deviation exceeds a pre-given limit value, the relative radial movement of the component 2 relative to the shaft 1 is carried out. Thus, collisions between the shaft 1 and the inner surface 6 are avoided or at least reduced. This not only results in a reduction in the reject rate when manufacturing this structural group, but also leads to an improvement in the quality of the manufactured structural group.

[0058] In the illustrated embodiment, the inner surface 6 and the ideal outer surface 4 are dimensioned such that when guiding the shaft 1 axially through the joining opening 5, a radial joining gap (not shown) is provided between the ideal outer surface 4 and the inner surface 6. In this way, tolerances when manufacturing the shaft 1 and the component 2 are allowed. By means of the method according to the invention of setting the relative radial movement between the shaft and the component 2 depending on the deviation, the joining gap can be chosen smaller with the same, allowed tolerances.

[0059] In the illustrated embodiment, the component 2 is joined to the shaft 1 in a thermal manner, where the component 2 is heated. Due to the consideration of deviations, the expansion of the joining opening achieved by heating can be reduced. Thus, in addition to reducing the heat supply required for heating the component 2 and thus reducing the energy consumption, at least the structural changes of the component 2 caused by the heat supply are reduced. That is to say, in this way, in addition to the reduced manufacturing costs, an improved quality of the structural group is achieved.

[0060] In the illustrated embodiment, the manufacturing of the structural group is carried out by means of the device 100 shown in the drawing. The device 100 includes means 101 for determining deviations, which are only shown in Figure 1 and which are also referred to hereinafter as the measuring means 101. As Figure 1 shown, in the illustrated embodiment, the measuring means 101 has a feeler 102. Here, the shaft 1 slides along the feeler 102 during axial movement, such that the deviation is determined based on the radial movement of the feeler 102. In addition, in the illustrated embodiment, the device 100 has a joining support 103, which is arranged on the joining table 104 of the device 100 in the illustrated example. Here, the component 2 is positioned on the joining support 103 for joining with the shaft 1. As can be seen from Figures 2 to 5 it, in the illustrated embodiment, the device 100 has at least one tensioning element 107, which clamps the component 2 radially externally. At least one tensioning element 107 can be part of a joining fixture of the device 100, which is not shown in the rest. At least one tensioning element 107 is particularly used for the following purposes: during joining, to prevent or at least reduce the torsion of the component 2 and / or to position the component 2 in the circumferential direction U. In the illustrated embodiment, the device 100 has at least three such tensioning elements 107, which are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction. The device 100 has three such tensioning elements 107 in the embodiments of Figure 2 and 4 and has four such tensioning elements 107 in the embodiments of Figure 3 and 5

[0061] During manufacturing, as can be seen from, for example, Figure 1 the shaft 1 is guided axially through the joining opening 5 and through the joining support 103. In the illustrated embodiment, the relative axial movement between the component 2 and the shaft 1 is achieved by the following means: the component 2 is fixed axially and the shaft 1 is moved. Correspondingly, when guiding the shaft 1 through the joining opening 5, the joining support 103 and / or at least one joining fixture are also fixed axially.

[0062] In addition, the device 100 has means 105 for moving the component 2 relative to the shaft 1 in the radial direction, which means will also be referred to below as the correction means 105. That is, the correction means 105 is configured such that it moves the component 2 relative to the shaft 1 in the radial direction. In addition, the device 100 has a control means 106 shown only in Figure 1 which is connected to the measuring means 101 and the correction means 105. The control means 106 is configured to implement the method for manufacturing the structural group. In particular, the control means 106 is configured such that, as described above and below, it moves the shaft 1 and the component 2 relative to each other in the radial direction according to the deviation during axial movement such that the shaft 1 is guided axially through the engagement opening 5 without contact with the inner surface 6 of the engagement opening 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the relative radial movement between the component 2 and the shaft 1 is achieved by moving the component 2 in the radial direction and fixing the shaft 1 in the radial direction.

[0063] For this purpose, in the Figures 1 to 3 embodiment, the engagement support 103 is moved in the radial direction by means of the correction means 105 such that the correction means 105 moves the component 2 in the radial direction via the engagement support 103. Here, the engagement support 103 shown only in Figure 1 is supported on the engagement table 104 in a radially movable manner. In the Figures 1 to 3 embodiment, for this purpose, the correction means 105 has at least one actuator 108 which adjusts the engagement support 103 and thus moves the component 2 in the radial direction. The actuator 108 will also be referred to below as the support actuator 108. In the illustrated embodiment, the respective support actuator 108 is arranged radially outside the engagement support 103.

[0064] In the Figure 1 illustrated embodiment, the relative radial movement is achieved by means of at least one support actuator 108.

[0065] In the Figure 2 and 3 embodiments, the correction means 105 has at least two such support actuators 108 which are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction U. In these embodiments, purely by way of example, the correction means 105 has three such support actuators 108 which are arranged equidistantly from each other in the circumferential direction U. Here, in operation, the respective support actuator 108 linearly adjusts the engagement support 103.

[0066] In the Figure 4 and 5In the embodiments, the tensioning element 107 is moved to move the component 2 radially relative to the shaft 1. In these embodiments, the radially movable support of the engagement bearing 103 can be dispensed with. In order to move the component 2 radially by means of the tensioning element 107, the correction device 105 has an assigned actuator 109 for at least one of the tensioning elements 107, which actuator is also referred to hereinafter as the tensioning actuator 109. As can also be seen from the drawings, in the illustrated embodiment, the correction device 105 has an assigned tensioning actuator 109 for each respective tensioning element 107. That is to say, the correction device 105 has three such tensioning element tensioning actuators 109 in the Figure 4 embodiments and four such tensioning element tensioning actuators 109 in the Figure 5 embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, similar to the tensioning elements 107, the tensioning actuators 109 are arranged spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction U. During operation, the respective tensioning actuator 109 adjusts the assigned tensioning element 107 such that at least one tensioning element tensioning actuator 109 moves the component 2 radially relative to the shaft 1 via at least one tensioning element 107. Here, during operation, the respective tensioning actuator 109 linearly adjusts the assigned tensioning element 107. As can be seen from Figure 4 and 5 , the respective tensioning element 107 is supported in the device 100 in a linearly movable manner for this purpose. For this purpose, in the illustrated embodiment, an assigned guide device 110 is provided for each respective tensioning element 107, which guide device is configured as a guide rail 111 in the illustrated embodiment.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a structural group having a shaft (1) and a component (2), the component being joined to the shaft (1) radially outside the shaft (1), Among them, the shaft (1) extending axially and having a radial actual outer surface (3), wherein the component (2) has an engagement opening (5), the engagement opening having an inner surface (6), wherein, in order to join the component (2) to the shaft (1), the shaft (1) and the component (2) are moved axially relative to each other such that the shaft (1) is guided through the engagement opening (5), characterized in that, a radial deviation of the actual outer surface (3) of the shaft (1) from a pre-given ideal outer surface (4) is determined, and the shaft (1) and the component (2) are moved radially relative to each other according to the deviation during the axial movement such that the shaft (1) is guided through the engagement opening (5) without contact with the inner surface (6) of the engagement opening (5).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the ideal outer surface (4) and the inner surface (6) are dimensioned such that a radial engagement gap is provided between the ideal outer surface (4) and the inner surface (6) when the shaft (1) is guided through the engagement opening (5).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the shaft (1) and the component (2) are joined thermally, wherein the component (2) is heated.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, in order to move the shaft (1) and the component (2) axially relative to each other, the component (2) is fixed axially and the shaft (1) is moved axially.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, in order to move the shaft (1) and the component (2) radially relative to each other, the shaft (1) is fixed radially and the component (2) is moved radially.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, a cam (8) is provided as the component (2).

7. An apparatus (100) for manufacturing a structural group according to the method according to any one of the above claims, the apparatus having: a measuring device (101) configured such that the measuring device determines the deviation during operation, a correcting device (105) configured such that the correcting device moves the component (2) and the shaft (1) radially relative to each other during operation, a control device (106) connected to the measuring device (101) and the correcting device (105) and configured such that the apparatus manufactures the structural group according to the method according to any one of the above claims.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The measuring device (101) has a penetrator (102) for determining the deviation, and the shaft (1) slides along the penetrator during the axial movement.

9. The device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the measuring device (101) has at least one non-contact distance sensor for determining the deviation.

10. The device according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the device (100) has an engagement support (103), and the component (2) is positioned on the engagement support for engaging with the shaft (1), the correction device (105) has at least one support actuator (108), and the support actuator adjusts the engagement support (103) during operation such that the at least one support actuator (108) moves the component (2) radially relative to the shaft (1) during operation.

11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the correction device (105) has at least two such support actuators (108) that are spaced apart from each other along the circumferential direction (U), and the corresponding support actuator (108) linearly adjusts the engagement support (103) during operation.

12. The device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the engagement support (103) is supported in the device (100) so as to be radially movable.

13. The device according to any one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the device (100) has at least one tensioning element (107) for clamping the component (1) radially externally, the correction device (105) has an assigned tensioning actuator (109) for at least one of the at least one tensioning element (107), and the tensioning actuator adjusts the assigned tensioning element (107) during operation such that the at least one tensioning actuator (109) moves the component (2) radially relative to the shaft (1).

14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that the correction device (105) has at least two such tensioning actuators (109) that are spaced apart from each other along the circumferential direction (U), and the corresponding tensioning actuator (109) linearly adjusts the component (2) during operation.

15. The device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the corresponding tensioning element (107) is supported in the device (100) so as to be linearly movable.

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