Precise grinding method for high-precision thin-wall V-shaped groove shafting part

Abstract

The invention discloses a precise grinding method for a high-precision thin-wall V-shaped groove shafting part, and belongs to the technical field of precise machine manufacturing, and a grinding tool used in the steps of rough grinding quantity removal, preliminary lapping and repeated lapping comprises an outer sleeve, a grinding block, a compression spring, an adjusting nut and a connecting screw; three threaded holes are evenly distributed in the outer circle of the outer sleeve, and the grinding block is installed on the inner circle side of the outer sleeve and located at the radial corresponding positions of the three threaded holes. Corresponding to the positions of the threaded holes, the adjusting nuts are mounted on the outer circle side of the outer sleeve; the compression spring is mounted in the threaded hole and on the inner side of the adjusting nut; the connecting screw penetrates through a through hole in the axial center of the adjusting nut and the compression spring and is connected with the grinding block. According to the precise grinding method, the grinding tool is used, a special clamp is used for assisting, precise grinding of the V-shaped groove part is completed through a center lathe, various technical index requirements of the high-precision thin-wall V-shaped groove shafting part are guaranteed, meanwhile, the production process is simple, and the cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of precision machinery manufacturing, and in particular relates to a precision grinding method for high-precision thin-wall V-groove shaft system parts. Background Art

[0002] High-precision thin-wall V-groove shafting parts are widely used in various high-precision machine tools and optical instruments due to their high precision, wear resistance, low friction and low noise.

[0003] The production of high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts requires precision machining on specialized lathes. Furthermore, precision grinding technology is required to precisely grind the V-grooves within these parts to ensure that the required shape, dimensional tolerances, surface roughness, and other technical specifications are met. Due to the unique V-groove shape of these parts, the cutting force during machining is high, and cutting heat is difficult to dissipate. This makes it difficult to ensure dimensional accuracy, shape precision, and surface quality, resulting in complex production processes and high costs. Existing grinding mechanisms are therefore unable to meet the production requirements of high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A precision grinding method for high-precision thin-wall V-groove shafting parts, comprising:

[0006] S1, cleaning parts;

[0007] S2, precision self-inspection: Use a special fixture to clamp the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shaft system parts on the lathe, align the outer circle of the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shaft system parts, and detect the roundness and circular runout accuracy of the V-groove;

[0008] S3, rough grinding and destocking: Use the grinding tool and rough grinding abrasive to preliminarily grind the high-precision thin-wall V-groove shafting parts until the grinding tool is in full contact with the high-precision thin-wall V-groove shafting parts;

[0009] S4, cleaning parts;

[0010] S5, precision re-inspection: re-measure the roundness and circular runout accuracy of the V-groove;

[0011] S6, preliminary lapping: evenly apply the lapping compound to the surface of the V-groove in the high-precision thin-wall V-groove shafting parts, use the lapping tool to perform preliminary lapping of the V-groove, and appropriately adjust the pressing force of the pressing spring in the lapping tool according to the lapping resistance;

[0012] S7, cleaning parts;

[0013] S8, precision re-inspection: re-measure the roundness and circular runout accuracy of the V-groove;

[0014] S9, multiple lapping: evenly apply the prepared lapping agent on the surface of the V-groove, perform multiple precision lapping on the V-groove, adjust the adjustment nut of the lapping tool according to the lapping resistance, and gradually tighten the lapping tool to adapt to the change in the size of the V-groove;

[0015] S10, final accuracy inspection;

[0016] The grinding tooling includes: an outer sleeve, a grinding block, a compression spring, an adjusting nut and a connecting screw; three threaded holes are evenly distributed on the outer circle of the outer sleeve, and the grinding block is installed on the inner circle side of the outer sleeve and at corresponding positions in the radial direction of the three threaded holes; corresponding to the position of each threaded hole, the adjusting nut is installed on the outer circle side of the outer sleeve; the compression spring is installed in the threaded hole and inside the adjusting nut; the connecting screw passes through the through hole in the axial center of the adjusting nut and the compression spring, and is connected to the grinding block.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention designs a special fixture based on the shape characteristics of high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts, adopts a tightenable sleeve to clamp the workpiece, greatly improves the clamping deformation of the parts, and further improves the precision of the parts; according to the processing characteristics of the parts grinding process, the present invention also designs a grinding tool, which adopts a forming grinding tool, and the grinding positive pressure is adjustable, and is combined with coarse grinding abrasives and fine grinding abrasives of different components to achieve precision grinding of the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts, correct the size and shape accuracy of the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts, improve the rotation accuracy of the ultra-high precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts, effectively ensure that the V-groove roundness of the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts is ≦0.0003mm, and the rotational shake error of the V-guide rail is less than 2.5", which meets the drawing accuracy requirements and usage requirements.

[0019] The present invention uses a special fixture and a special grinding tool, and at different grinding stages, mixes abrasives of different components to achieve high-precision grinding of thin-walled V-groove shafting parts. Among them, the special fixture greatly reduces clamping deformation; the grinding tool realizes the grinding of the V-groove, corrects the ellipticity of the V-groove, and improves the size, shape accuracy and surface roughness of the parts; the coarse grinding abrasive improves the grinding efficiency and corrects the shape and size errors of the V-groove; the fine grinding abrasive improves the surface roughness of the V-groove and reduces the rotational shake error. The present invention uses a simple and effective grinding tool supplemented by a special fixture for precision grinding. It can achieve the precision grinding of V-groove parts using an ordinary lathe. While ensuring the shape and size tolerance, surface roughness and other technical indicators of high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts, the production process is simple and the cost is low. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic structural view of the special fixture of the present invention, wherein, 1 - mandrel, 2 - adjustable sleeve, 3 - cover plate, 4 - locking nut;

[0021] Figure 2 Schematic structural view of the grinding tooling of the present invention, wherein, 5 - outer sleeve, 6 - grinding block, 7 - compression spring, 8 - adjusting nut, 9 - connecting screw. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0022] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0023] The following describes the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

[0024] Taking the precision grinding process of a certain high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting part (hereinafter referred to as the part) as an example, the outer diameter dimension of the certain high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting part is , and the inner diameter dimension is , the V-groove angle is 90°, and the thinnest wall thickness is only 0.8 mm; the V-groove of the certain high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting part requires a roundness of less than , a circular runout of less than 0.01 mm, and a surface roughness of less than Ra0.05. The precision grinding method proposed by the present invention for the certain high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting part includes the following steps:

[0025] S1, cleaning the part: Thoroughly clean the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting part with detergent or anhydrous ethanol and non-woven silk cloth to remove surface impurities;

[0026] S2, precision self-inspection: Use a special fixture to clamp the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting part on a lathe, set up a dial indicator to align the outer diameter of the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting part (within a certain value, such as within 0.005 mm), and use a dial indicator to detect the roundness and circular runout accuracy of the V-groove in the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting part;

[0027] S3, rough grinding and removing weight: using a grinding tool and a prepared rough grinding abrasive to preliminarily grind the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting part, preliminarily determine the contact between the grinding tool and the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting part based on the color distribution of the grinding tool and the surface of the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting part, until the grinding tool and the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting part are in full contact (since the surface of the V-groove may be uneven after semi-finishing, there will inevitably be some areas that are in contact and some areas that are not in contact during the grinding process. As the grinding progresses, the high points are removed, the V-groove surface is in full contact with the grinding tool, and the rough grinding is completed);

[0028] S4, cleaning parts: using detergent or anhydrous ethanol and non-woven silk cloth to thoroughly clean the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts to remove the residual abrasive on the surface of the parts;

[0029] S5, precision re-inspection: keep the clamping of the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts unchanged (do not disassemble), and use a dial indicator to re-measure the roundness and circular runout accuracy of the V-groove;

[0030] S6, preliminary lapping: uniformly applying the prepared lapping agent to the surface of the V-groove of the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting component, performing preliminary lapping of the V-groove of the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting component using a lapping tool, and appropriately adjusting the pressing force of the pressing spring 7 in the lapping tool according to the lapping resistance to achieve higher lapping efficiency;

[0031] S7, cleaning parts: using detergent or anhydrous ethanol to thoroughly clean the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts, and wiping the parts with non-woven silk cloth to remove the detergent or anhydrous ethanol remaining on the surface of the parts;

[0032] S8, precision re-inspection: keep the clamping of the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts unchanged (there is only one clamping method, which is repeated here to indicate that the re-inspection is an online inspection on the machine tool), and use a micrometer to re-measure the roundness and circular runout accuracy of the V-groove;

[0033] S9, multiple lapping: uniformly applying the prepared lapping agent to the surface of the V-groove of the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting component, performing multiple precision lapping of the V-groove of the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting component, appropriately adjusting the adjustment nut 8 in the lapping tool according to the magnitude of the lapping resistance during the precision lapping process, and gradually tightening the lapping tool to adapt to the change in the size of the V-groove of the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting component during the precision lapping process;

[0034] S10, Precision final inspection: Thoroughly clean the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts, and use a micrometer to conduct a final precision inspection on the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts to determine whether various technical indicators such as the size, roundness, circular runout accuracy, and surface roughness of the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts meet the requirements of the drawing. If they meet the requirements, the grinding process is completed; otherwise, repeat steps S8 and S9.

[0035] Preferably, when the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts are undergoing the last precision turning (before step 1) before precision grinding, a grinding allowance of 0.05 - 0.07 mm should be evenly reserved at various locations on the V-groove surface of the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts according to the requirements of the drawing (the allowance is determined according to the turning accuracy and the requirements of the grinding process).

[0036] Preferably, as Figure 1 shown, the special fixture in the S2 precision self-inspection includes a mandrel 1, an adjustable sleeve 2, a cover plate 3, and a locking nut 4. The adjustable sleeve 2 is axially provided with a 2-mm through notch for adjusting the outer diameter of the sleeve. One end of it is in contact with the cover plate 3 (the two parts are not fixedly connected, just in contact with each other). The mandrel 1 is in conical surface fit with the adjustable sleeve 2 with a taper of 1:50 and is arranged inside the adjustable sleeve 2. The mandrel 1 is threadedly connected with the locking nut 4. The locking nut 4 abuts against the cover plate 3. By turning the locking nut 4, the relative axial movement between the adjustable sleeve 2 and the mandrel 1 can be realized (the mandrel 1 remains stationary. When the locking nut 4 is turned, the cover plate 3 and the adjustable sleeve 2 move relative to the mandrel 1), so as to change the outer diameter of the adjustable sleeve 2 and adjust the tightness of the fit between the adjustable sleeve 2 and the mandrel 1, and finally realize the tension clamping of the special fixture on the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts.

[0037] Preferably, as Figure 2 shown, the grinding tooling in the S3 rough grinding for material removal, S6 preliminary precision grinding, and S9 multiple precision grindings includes an outer sleeve 5, grinding blocks 6, compression springs 7, adjusting nuts 8, connecting screws 9, etc. Among them, the compression springs 7 and the connecting screws 9 are standard parts. The outer circle of the outer sleeve 5 is evenly distributed with several (taking 3 as an example) threaded holes, and the grinding blocks 6 are installed at the corresponding positions on the inner circle side of the outer sleeve 5 and radially corresponding to the threaded holes.

[0038] Corresponding to the position of each threaded hole, the adjusting nut 8 is installed on the outer circumferential side of the outer sleeve 5 through the threads in the threaded hole; the compression spring 7 is installed inside the threaded hole and on the inner side of the adjusting nut 8; the adjusting nut 8 has a through hole at its axial center, and the connecting screw 9 passes through the through hole and the compression spring 7 and is connected to the grinding block 6 (the grinding block 6 has a blind hole for screwing with the connecting screw 9); by adjusting the adjusting nut 8, the grinding normal pressure of the grinding tooling can be adjusted; the material of the grinding block 6 is high phosphorus cast iron, and its hardness is HB200 - HB220.

[0039] Preferably, the rough grinding abrasive for the rough grinding removal amount in S3 is prepared by mixing abrasive sand, kerosene, lard, paraffin oil, and stearic acid in a mass ratio of 30:50:7:8:5; the particle size of the abrasive sand is W5; the kerosene in the rough grinding abrasive can take away the heat generated during the rough grinding process through volatilization, reducing the influence of the heat generated during the rough grinding process on the machining accuracy of the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts; the stearic acid can improve the grinding efficiency and the surface finish of the parts.

[0040] Preferably, the fine grinding abrasive for the preliminary fine grinding in S6 and the multiple fine grindings in S9 is prepared by mixing abrasive sand, kerosene, lard, paraffin oil, stearic acid, and high-speed total loss system oil in a mass ratio of 20:50:10:7:3:10; the particle size of the abrasive sand is W1; by reducing the particle size of the abrasive sand in the fine grinding abrasive, the surface finish and smoothness of the parts can be improved; by increasing the mass ratio of lard in the fine grinding abrasive, the oil film on the part surface can be thickened, thereby preventing the part from being scratched.

[0041] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and thus do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied to other related system fields, shall be equally included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] The content not detailedly described in the specification of the present invention belongs to the well-known prior art of those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A precision grinding method for high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts, characterized in that include: S1, cleaning parts; S2, precision self-test: Use a special fixture to clamp the high-precision thin-wall V-groove shaft system parts on the lathe, align their outer circle, and test the roundness and circular runout accuracy of the V-groove; S3, rough grinding and destocking: Use the grinding tool and rough grinding abrasive to preliminarily grind the high-precision thin-wall V-groove shafting parts until the grinding tool is in full contact with the high-precision thin-wall V-groove shafting parts; S4, cleaning parts; S5, precision re-inspection: re-measure the roundness and circular runout accuracy of the V-groove; S6, preliminary lapping: evenly apply the lapping compound to the surface of the V-groove in the high-precision thin-wall V-groove shafting parts, use the lapping tool to lape the V-groove, and adjust the pressing force of the pressing spring in the lapping tool appropriately according to the lapping resistance; S7, cleaning parts; S8, precision re-inspection: re-measure the roundness and circular runout accuracy of the V-groove; S9, multiple lapping: evenly apply the lapping agent on the surface of the V-groove, lapping the V-groove multiple times, adjust the adjustment nut of the lapping tool according to the lapping resistance, and gradually tighten the lapping tool; S10, final accuracy inspection; The special fixture includes a mandrel, an adjustable sleeve, a cover plate, and a lock nut; The adjustable sleeve is provided with an axially penetrating notch, and one end portion is connected to the cover plate; the core shaft and the adjustable sleeve are matched through a conical surface and are arranged inside the adjustable sleeve, and the core shaft is threadedly connected to the locking nut; the locking nut is close to the cover plate, and the axial relative movement of the adjustable sleeve and the core shaft is achieved by screwing the locking nut, thereby changing the size of the outer circle of the adjustable sleeve.

2. The precision grinding method for the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding tooling includes: an outer sleeve, a grinding block, a compression spring, an adjusting nut and a connecting screw; a number of threaded holes are evenly distributed on the outer circle of the outer sleeve, and the grinding block is installed on the inner circle side of the outer sleeve and at the corresponding radial position of the threaded holes; corresponding to the position of each threaded hole, the adjusting nut is installed on the outer circle side of the outer sleeve; the compression spring is installed in the threaded hole and on the inside of the adjusting nut; the connecting screw passes through the through hole in the axial center of the adjusting nut and the compression spring, and is connected to the grinding block.

3. The precision grinding method for the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts according to claim 2, characterized in that, The grinding block has a blind hole for being screwed to a connecting screw.

4. The precision grinding method for the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts must be evenly reserved for grinding allowances at all locations on the V-groove surface of the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts during the final precision turning process before precision grinding.

5. The precision grinding method for high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding block is made of high-phosphorus cast iron with a hardness of HB200-HB220.

6. The precision grinding method for the high-precision thin-wall V-groove shafting parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The roundness and circular runout accuracy of the V-grooves described in S1, S5 and S8 are checked using a micrometer.

7. The precision grinding method for the high-precision thin-wall V-groove shafting parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The S3 includes: using a grinding tool and a coarse grinding agent to preliminarily grind the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts, and preliminarily determining the contact between the grinding tool and the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts based on the color distribution of the grinding tool and the surface of the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts, until the grinding tool is in complete contact with the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts.

8. The precision grinding method for the high-precision thin-wall V-groove shafting parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coarse grinding agent in S3 is prepared by blending abrasive sand, kerosene, lard, paraffin oil and stearic acid in a mass ratio of 30:50:7:8:5, and the abrasive sand particle size is W5.

9. The precision grinding method for the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lapping abrasive in S6 and S9 is prepared by mixing abrasive grains, kerosene, lard, paraffin oil, stearic acid, and high-speed total loss system oil in a mass ratio of 20:50:10:7:3:10, and the particle size of the abrasive grains is W1.

10. The precision grinding method for the high-precision thin-wall V-groove shafting parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, S10 includes: thoroughly cleaning the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts, using a micrometer to conduct a final precision inspection on the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts to determine whether the dimensional, roundness, circular runout accuracy, and surface roughness technical indicators of the high-precision thin-walled V-groove shafting parts meet the requirements of the drawing; if they meet the requirements, the lapping process is completed, otherwise, steps S8 and S9 are repeated.

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