Aluminum alloy material, preparation method thereof and cable

Abstract

The invention provides an aluminum alloy material, a preparation method thereof and a cable. The aluminum alloy material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 0.54 percent to 0.95 percent of Si, 0.20 percent to 0.50 percent of Fe, 0.005 percent to 0.15 percent of Cu, 0.60 percent to 0.90 percent of Mg, 0.005 percent to 0.03 percent of B, 0.0015 percent to 0.02 percent of Ti, 0.08 percent to 0.10 percent of rare earth elements and the balance of Al, the rare earth elements include La and Ce. According to the aluminum alloy material, by adding the specific content of Fe and the rare earth elements La and Ce, the ductility of the aluminum alloy material is improved, and then the elongation at break of the aluminum alloy material is improved; a specific content of boron element is added, so that the flowability of the aluminum alloy material in the preparation process is improved, nuclear particles can be formed, and the effect of refining grains is achieved; and meanwhile, the resistivity of the aluminum alloy material can be further reduced through cooperation of the boron element and other components. The titanium element is introduced into the aluminum alloy material, the effect of refining grains can be further achieved, and the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of metals, and particularly to an aluminum alloy material, a preparation method thereof, and a wire and cable. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum alloy is one of the most widely used non-ferrous metal materials in industry and has been widely used in the fields of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, machinery manufacturing, ships, and chemical industries. With the rapid development of science and technology and industrial economy, the demand for aluminum alloy is increasing day by day, and the research on aluminum alloy is also deepening. The wide application of aluminum alloy has promoted the development of aluminum alloy in the power industry, and at the same time, the development of the power industry has also promoted the application fields of aluminum alloy.

[0003] In the field of wire and cable in the machining industry, the main function of high-strength aluminum alloy is to conduct current. When traditional aluminum rods or aluminum alloy rods are made into aluminum alloy wires, the tensile strength and elongation rate of the aluminum alloy wires are relatively low. The tensile strength is below 315 Mpa, and the elongation at break is less than 3%. During the subsequent wire drawing process, early wire breakage or unqualified strength is caused, which not only wastes raw materials but also increases production costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide an aluminum alloy material, a preparation method thereof, and a wire and cable with relatively high tensile strength and relatively high elongation at break.

[0005] In the first aspect of the present invention, an aluminum alloy material is provided. Calculated by mass percentage, the aluminum alloy material includes the following components:

[0006] Si: 0.54% - 0.95%, Fe: 0.2% - 0.5%, Cu: 0.005% - 0.15%, Mg: 0.60% - 0.90%, B: 0.005% - 0.03%, Ti: 0.0015% - 0.02%, rare earth elements: 0.08% - 0.1%, and the balance is Al; the rare earth elements include La and Ce.

[0007] Through the above components with specific contents, the above aluminum alloy material with relatively high tensile strength and relatively high elongation at break is obtained. Among them, by adding specific contents of Fe, rare earth elements La and Ce, the three cooperate with each other to improve the ductility of the aluminum alloy material, thereby improving its elongation at break; adding a specific content of boron element in the components can improve the fluidity during the preparation process of the aluminum alloy material and can form nucleation points, playing a role in refining the grains; at the same time, boron element and other components cooperate to further reduce the resistivity of the aluminum alloy material. Introducing titanium element into the aluminum alloy material can further play a role in refining the grains and further improve the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material.

[0008] In some embodiments, among the rare earth elements, the mass ratio of La to Ce is 1:(1 - 3).

[0009] In some embodiments, by mass percentage, the mass percentage of Fe is 0.22% - 0.26%; and / or,

[0010] the mass percentage of B is 0.008% - 0.01%; and / or,

[0011] the mass percentage of Ti is 0.007% - 0.015%.

[0012] In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy material is a rod or wire.

[0013] The second aspect of the present invention provides a preparation method of the above aluminum alloy material, including the following preparation steps:

[0014] Weigh each raw material according to the described component ratio,

[0015] Melt and mix each raw material to obtain a mixed melt;

[0016] Refine and cast the mixed melt in sequence to obtain a billet;

[0017] Roll and cool the billet in sequence.

[0018] In some embodiments, the raw materials include an Al - Ti - B grain refiner, and the Al - Ti - B grain refiner is added to the melt after the refining treatment and before the casting treatment.

[0019] In some embodiments, the preparation method satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0020] (1) The casting temperature of the casting treatment is 690°C - 700°C;

[0021] (2) Before the rolling treatment, heat the billet to 520°C - 540°C, and then start the rolling treatment;

[0022] (3) Control the final rolling temperature to 250°C - 350°C;

[0023] (4) Control the cooling rate of the cooling treatment to be ≥20°C / s;

[0024] (5) Control the temperature of the aluminum alloy after the cooling treatment to be 60°C - 90°C.

[0025] In some embodiments, the preparation method further includes the following preparation steps:

[0026] The heat-treated aluminum alloy is subjected to wire drawing treatment and aging treatment in sequence.

[0027] In some embodiments, the wire drawing treatment requires multiple wire drawings. The speed of each wire drawing is 12 m / s - 25 m / s; the change rate of the cross-section of the aluminum alloy before and after each wire drawing is 20% - 25%; and / or,

[0028] The temperature of the aging treatment is 150°C - 178°C, and the time is 5 h - 8 h.

[0029] The third aspect of the present invention provides a cable, which includes a conductor, and the material of the conductor includes the above-mentioned aluminum alloy material. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more comprehensively below, and preferred embodiments of the present invention are given. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. It should be understood that the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terms used in the description of the present invention herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0032] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0033] In an embodiment of the present application, an aluminum alloy material is provided. By mass percentage, the aluminum alloy material includes the following components:

[0034] Si: 0.54% - 0.95%, Fe: 0.2% - 0.5%, Cu: 0.005% - 0.15%, Mg: 0.60% - 0.90%, B: 0.005% - 0.03%, Ti: 0.0015% - 0.02%, rare earth elements: 0.08% - 0.1% and the balance of Al; the above rare earth elements include La and Ce.

[0035] The above-mentioned aluminum alloy, through the components with the above-specified contents, obtains an aluminum alloy material with relatively high tensile strength and relatively high elongation at break. Among them, by adding specific contents of Fe, rare earth elements La and Ce, the three work together synergistically to improve the ductility of the aluminum alloy material, thereby enhancing its elongation at break; adding a specific content of boron element to the components can improve the fluidity of the aluminum alloy material during the preparation process and form nucleation sites, playing a role in refining the grains; at the same time, boron element and other components work together to further reduce the resistivity of the aluminum alloy. Introducing titanium element into the aluminum alloy can further play a role in refining the grains and further enhance the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material.

[0036] The mass percentage content of the above-mentioned Si is 0.54% - 0.95%. It can be understood that the content of Si can be 0.54%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.90% and 0.95%. Further, in the aluminum alloy material, the mass percentage content of Si can be a range value formed between any two of the above point values. Preferably, the mass percentage content of Si is 0.62% - 0.66%.

[0037] The mass percentage content of the above-mentioned Fe is 0.20% - 0.50%. It can be understood that the content of Fe can be 0.20%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35%, 0.40%, 0.45% and 0.50%. Further, in the aluminum alloy material, the mass percentage content of Fe can be a range value formed between any two of the above point values. Preferably, the mass percentage content of Fe is 0.22% - 0.26%.

[0038] The mass percentage content of the above-mentioned Cu is 0.005% - 0.15%. It can be understood that the content of Cu can be 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.015%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.10% and 0.15%. Further, in the aluminum alloy material, the mass percentage content of Cu can be a range value formed between any two of the above point values.

[0039] The mass percentage content of the above-mentioned Mg is 0.60% - 0.90%. It can be understood that the content of Fe can be 0.60%, 0.65%, 0.70%, 0.75%, 0.80%, 0.85% and 0.90%. Further, in the aluminum alloy material, the mass percentage content of Mg can be a range value formed between any two of the above point values. Preferably, the mass percentage content of Mg is 0.72% - 0.76%.

[0040] The mass percentage content of B as described above is 0.005% - 0.03%. It can be understood that the content of B can be 0.005%, 0.008%, 0.01%, 0.015%, 0.02%, 0.025% and 0.03%. Further, in the aluminum alloy, the mass percentage content of B can be a range value formed between any two of the above point values. Preferably, the mass percentage content of B is 0.008% - 0.01%. Further controlling the amount of element B in the aluminum alloy material is beneficial to improving the fluidity of the melt during the casting process, reducing the adverse effects of other elements in the melt. At the same time, B can form nucleation sites, forming non-spontaneous nucleation, playing a role in refining the grains and enhancing the strength of the aluminum alloy material. Moreover, controlling the element B within a certain range and cooperating with aluminum can further reduce the resistivity of the aluminum alloy material.

[0041] The mass percentage content of Ti as described above is 0.0015% - 0.02%. It can be understood that the content of B can be 0.0015%, 0.002%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.008%, 0.01%, 0.015% and 0.02%. Further, in the aluminum alloy material, the mass percentage content of Ti can be a range value formed between any two of the above point values. Preferably, the mass percentage content of Ti is 0.007% - 0.015%.

[0042] The mass percentage content of the rare earth elements as described above is 0.08% - 0.10%. It can be understood that the content of the rare earth elements can be 0.08%, 0.09% and 0.10%. Further, in the aluminum alloy material, the mass percentage content of the rare earth elements can be a range value formed between any two of the above point values.

[0043] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of La and Ce in the rare earth elements is 1:(1 - 3). Preferably, the mass ratio of La and Ce is 1:2.

[0044] In some embodiments, the mass percentage content of the aluminum element in the aluminum alloy material is ≥98.0%.

[0045] In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy material includes the following components:

[0046] Si: 0.62% - 0.66%, Fe: 0.22% - 0.26%, Cu: 0.005% - 0.015%, Mg: 0.72% - 0.76%, B: 0.008% - 0.012%, Ti: 0.007% - 0.015%, rare earth elements: 0.08% - 0.10% and the balance Al; the rare earth elements include La and Ce, and the mass ratio of La and Ce is 1:2. Further, the aluminum alloy material includes the following components:

[0047] Si: 0.64% - 0.66%, Fe: 0.24% - 0.26%, Cu: 0.010% - 0.012%, Mg: 0.74% - 0.76%, B: 0.01% - 0.012%, Ti: 0.012% - 0.015%, rare earth elements: 0.09% - 0.098% and the balance Al; the rare earth elements include La and Ce, and the mass ratio of La to Ce is 1:2.

[0048] In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy material is a rod or a wire.

[0049] In some embodiments, the diameter of the aluminum alloy rod is 7.5 mm - 12 mm.

[0050] In some embodiments, the cross-section of the aluminum alloy wire can be circular, trapezoidal or S / Z-shaped. For example, the aluminum alloy wire is an aluminum alloy circular wire.

[0051] In some embodiments, the cross-section of the aluminum alloy wire is circular, and the diameter of the cross-section of the aluminum alloy wire is 0.20 mm - 0.45 mm.

[0052] In an embodiment of the present application, a method for preparing the above aluminum alloy material is provided, including the following preparation steps:

[0053] Weigh each raw material according to the above component ratio;

[0054] Melt and mix each raw material to obtain a mixed melt;

[0055] Perform refining treatment and casting treatment on the mixed melt in sequence to obtain a billet;

[0056] Perform rolling and cooling treatment on the billet in sequence.

[0057] In some embodiments, the above raw materials include aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots, aluminum-silicon master alloys, aluminum-iron master alloys, aluminum-copper master alloys, aluminum-rare earth master alloys, aluminum-boron master alloys and aluminum-titanium master alloys.

[0058] In some embodiments, the step of melting and mixing each raw material to obtain a mixed melt includes first melting the aluminum ingot in a melting device to obtain aluminum liquid, and then melting and mixing the other raw material components in the above raw materials in sequence.

[0059] In some embodiments, the melting device can be a resistance heating furnace, an induction heating furnace or a silicon carbide rod heating furnace.

[0060] In some embodiments, the above melting treatment can be carried out at 740°C - 760°C.

[0061] In some embodiments, stirring may be performed during the above-mentioned melting and mixing process to make the melt mix evenly.

[0062] In some embodiments, the stirring method may be at least one of manual stirring and electromagnetic stirring. The specific stirring rate and stirring time are not limited, as long as the melt is evenly mixed.

[0063] In some embodiments, the above raw materials include an Al-Ti-B grain refiner, and the Al-Ti-B grain refiner is added to the melt after refining treatment and before casting treatment.

[0064] In some embodiments, the above refining treatment includes the following steps:

[0065] Adding a powder injection refining agent to the mixed melt through an injection device for the first refining treatment to remove gases and impurities in the melt;

[0066] Then perform skimming to remove the dross on the surface of the melt.

[0067] In some embodiments, the above injection device uses a gas as a carrier to add the powder injection refining agent to the mixed melt.

[0068] In some embodiments, the above gas carrier can be an inert gas. Further, it can be high-purity nitrogen or argon. Preferably, the above gas carrier is high-purity nitrogen. Further, the purity of high-purity nitrogen is 99.999%.

[0069] In some embodiments, the powder injection refining agent is at least one of NaCl, KCl, and cryolite.

[0070] In some embodiments, the addition amount of the powder injection refining agent is 0.2% - 0.25% of the total mass of the melt.

[0071] In some embodiments, the pressure of the gas carrier is 10KPa - 15KPa. By controlling the pressure of the inert gas carrier, the size of the bubbles in the melt can be controlled, and further reduce the gas content in the melt.

[0072] In some embodiments, the refining time is 20min - 30min.

[0073] In some embodiments, before the casting treatment, it further includes the step of introducing the mixed melt into a degassing device and a filtering device for secondary degassing and slag removal. Through the secondary degassing and slag removal treatment, the gases and solid impurities remaining in the melt can be further removed.

[0074] In some embodiments, the hydrogen atom content in the melt after the second degassing and dross removal treatment is ≤ 0.150 ml / 100 g. Further removing the gas and dross impurities in the melt can reduce the crack sources of the aluminum alloy material, improve the strength of the aluminum alloy material, improve the processing performance, and also improve the heat resistance, plasticity and forgeability of the aluminum alloy material, and increase the hardness, strength and toughness of the aluminum alloy material.

[0075] In some embodiments, after adding the Al-Ti-B grain refiner to the melt after the first refining treatment and before the casting treatment, the melt is introduced into the degassing device and the filtering device again for the third degassing and dross removal step, and then the casting treatment is carried out.

[0076] In some embodiments, the casting temperature during the casting treatment is 690°C - 700°C. The casting temperature refers to the temperature of the mixed melt at the start of the casting treatment being 690°C - 700°C.

[0077] In some embodiments, horizontal casting is used for casting.

[0078] In some embodiments, during the rolling treatment, the casting can be straightened and heated, and an aluminum alloy rod meeting the dimensional requirements is obtained through the rolling treatment.

[0079] In some embodiments, before the rolling treatment, the billet is heated to 520°C - 540°C, and then the rolling treatment is started. Heating the billet to 520°C - 540°C before the rolling treatment is beneficial to the formation of solid solution.

[0080] In some embodiments, an emulsion is used to lubricate and cool the rollers and the aluminum alloy during the rolling treatment.

[0081] In some embodiments, the pressure of the emulsion is 180 bar - 220 bar. Further, the pressure of the emulsion is 200 bar.

[0082] In some embodiments, the flow rate of the emulsion can be 40 m³ / h - 60 m³ / h.

[0083] In some embodiments, the emulsion concentration is 8% - 12%.

[0084] In some embodiments, when the rolling treatment is completed, the final rolling temperature of the aluminum alloy material is 250°C - 350°C. The final rolling temperature refers to the temperature of the aluminum alloy material at the end of the rolling treatment being 250°C - 350°C. Controlling the final rolling temperature of the aluminum alloy is beneficial to the formation of solid solution.

[0085] In some embodiments, after the rolling process is completed, the aluminum alloy material is rapidly cooled, and the cooling rate is ≥20 °C / s. Further, the cooling rate is 20 °C / s - 50 °C / s. The cooling rate refers to the temperature change rate of the aluminum alloy material after rolling before and after the cooling process.

[0086] In some embodiments, after the cooling process, the temperature of the surface of the aluminum alloy material is 60 °C - 90 °C.

[0087] In some embodiments, the above cooling step is achieved by quickly passing the aluminum alloy material after the rolling process through a cooling water tank.

[0088] In some embodiments, the cooling water tank includes an inlet and an outlet, and a plurality of cooling zones are provided in the middle part between the inlet and the outlet. Cooling water is provided in each cooling zone, and the water pressure of the cooling water in the plurality of cooling zones in the direction from the inlet to the outlet of the cooling water tank shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, so that the cooling rate can be controlled, and at the same time, the water vapor content on the aluminum alloy material can be reduced, preventing oxidation of the aluminum alloy surface caused by excessive water vapor content.

[0089] In some embodiments, 5 cooling zones are provided in the middle part from the inlet to the outlet, which are the first cooling zone, the second cooling zone, the third cooling zone, the fourth cooling zone, and the fifth cooling zone respectively. The water pressure in the first cooling zone is 100 - 150 MPa, the water pressure in the second cooling zone is 200 - 250 MPa, the water pressure in the third cooling zone is 100 - 150 MPa, the water pressure in the fourth cooling zone is 50 - 100 MPa, and the water pressure in the fifth cooling zone is 0 MPa. Controlling the water pressure of the cooling water in each cooling zone is beneficial to the rapid cooling of the aluminum rod, achieving extremely rapid temperature drop to form a solid solution, and reducing the water vapor content on the aluminum alloy material surface.

[0090] In some embodiments, the preparation method of the aluminum alloy material further includes the following preparation steps:

[0091] The aluminum alloy after the cooling process is successively subjected to wire drawing and aging treatments.

[0092] In some embodiments, wire drawing needs to be carried out multiple times, and the speed of each wire drawing is 12 m / s - 25 m / s; the change rate of the cross-section of the aluminum alloy before and after each wire drawing is 20% - 25%. After multiple wire drawing treatments, aluminum alloy wires meeting the dimensional requirements can be obtained.

[0093] In some embodiments, the temperature of the aging treatment is 150 °C - 178 °C.

[0094] In some embodiments, the time of the aging treatment is 5 h - 8 h. The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy wire can be further improved through the aging treatment.

[0095] In some embodiments of the present application, a cable is provided. The cable includes a wire, and the material of the wire includes the above-mentioned aluminum alloy.

[0096] In some of these embodiments, the material of the wire can also be the above-mentioned aluminum alloy. For example, the wire can be directly made of the above-mentioned aluminum alloy wire. It can be understood that in other examples, the conductive material can also contain other conductive materials.

[0097] In some of these embodiments, in addition to the wire, the cable further includes an insulating layer provided on the outer surface of the wire.

[0098] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more concise and clear, the present invention is described by the following specific embodiments. However, the present invention is by no means limited to these embodiments. The following described embodiments are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and can be used to describe the present invention. It should not be construed as a limitation to the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0099] To better illustrate the present invention, the content of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments. The following are specific embodiments.

[0100] Example 1

[0101] Preparation of aluminum alloy:

[0102] (1) Raw material inspection and selection: The aluminum ingot selected is the remelted aluminum ingot of grade Al99.70, and the specific chemical composition of the aluminum ingot is shown in Table 1.

[0103] Table 1

[0104]

[0105] According to the chemical composition of the aluminum ingot in Table 1 and the component content ratio of the aluminum alloy in Table 3, an appropriate amount of magnesium ingot, aluminum iron, aluminum silicon, aluminum copper, aluminum boron, aluminum titanium, and aluminum rare earth (lanthanum and cerium rich) master alloy are weighed.

[0106] (2) Melting and mixing: The aluminum ingot (Al99.70) is put into a melting furnace with a melting rate of 10 t / h for melting, and the temperature of the melting furnace is 720 °C; after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, it is transferred to a holding furnace, stirred evenly, and the temperature in the holding furnace is quickly raised to 740 ± 10 °C, and then magnesium ingot, aluminum iron, aluminum silicon, aluminum copper, aluminum boron, aluminum titanium, and aluminum rare earth (lanthanum and cerium rich) master alloy are added; continue to stir for at least 30 minutes to make the above raw materials melt and mix evenly.

[0107] (3)First refining: Using 99.999% high-purity nitrogen as the carrier, controlling the pressure at 0.22 Mpa, adding a high-efficiency powder refining agent accounting for 0.4% of the total mass of the mixture in the furnace to the molten mixture in step (2) through a spraying device, and stirring. After the powder spraying is completed, stop stirring and let it stand for 5 - 10 minutes.

[0108] (4)Slag skimming: Open the slag skimming door of the holding furnace and skim off all the floating slag on the surface of the melt.

[0109] (5)Second refining: After step (4) is completed, the melt in the furnace enters the in-line degassing device and the filtering device through the launder for out-of-furnace refining, degassing and slag removal again until the hydrogen atom content in the melt ≤ 0.150 ml / 100 g. The gas in the in-line degassing device is high-purity nitrogen, and the filtering plate in the filtering device has a specification of 40 PPI.

[0110] (6)Adding Al-Ti-B refining agent: Add Al-Ti-B wire to the melt that has undergone out-of-furnace refining in step (5) through a wire feeder. The Al-Ti-B wire melts in the melt under the action of the remaining temperature of the melt.

[0111] (7)Third refining: The melt after adding the Al-Ti-B wire passes through the in-line degassing device and the filtering device again for slag removal treatment again.

[0112] (8)Composition adjustment: After the Al-Ti-B wire melts, let the melt stand in the holding furnace for 30 min - 40 min and keep the temperature of the melt at 740 ± 10 °C. Then take samples at three different positions in the furnace for rapid chemical composition analysis to confirm the chemical composition of the melt and the component ratio in Table 2. If the chemical composition of the melt meets the requirements, open the furnace for pouring. If the sampling results are different from the above composition, adjustments should be made, remix, let it stand, and then take samples for analysis again.

[0113] (9)Casting: Continuously cast using the horizontal casting method. During casting, control the temperature of the mixed melt at 690 °C - 700 °C.

[0114] (10)Rolling: Straighten and heat the billet obtained in step (9), control the temperature of the billet before rolling to be maintained at 520 - 540 °C, and use emulsion to lubricate and cool the rollers and the alloy during the rolling process. Adjust the emulsion pressure and flow rate to make the final rolling temperature of the aluminum alloy rod ≤ 300 °C.

[0115] (11)Rapid cooling: The aluminum alloy rod coming out of the rolling mill quickly passes through the cooling water tank for quenching treatment. Among them, the cooling water tank is divided into 5 areas, and the distribution of cooling water in each area is shown in Table 2 below: Rapidly cool the aluminum alloy rod coming out of the rolling mill with water, control the surface temperature of the aluminum alloy rod ≤ 70 °C to ensure the strength of the aluminum alloy rod.

[0116] Table 2

[0117]

[0118] (12)Aluminum rod cleaning: Before the aluminum rod enters the wire take-up frame (or coiling reel), use compressed air to blow dry the water on the surface of the aluminum rod to keep the aluminum rod clean and dry. Obtain a 9.5 mm aluminum alloy rod.

[0119] (13)Wire drawing treatment: Perform multiple wire drawings on the aluminum alloy rod obtained in step (12) on a sliding high-speed wire drawing machine to draw it into round wire. The wire drawing speed is 15 m / s, and the cross-sectional change rate of the aluminum alloy rod for each wire drawing is 20%. The diameters of the finished aluminum wires are 0.25 mm, 0.38 mm, and 0.40 mm.

[0120] (14)Aging treatment: Perform aging treatment on the aluminum wire in step (13). The aging treatment temperature is 160 °C, and the aging time is 6 h to obtain aluminum alloy wire.

[0121] The preparation methods of Examples 2-5 are the same as those of Example 1, except that the component contents of the aluminum alloy are different. The aluminum alloy components in each example are shown in Table 3:

[0122] Table 3

[0123]

[0124] Note: The aluminum alloy also contains essential impurity components, and the components in Table 3 do not include the essential impurity components.

[0125] Performance testing

[0126] Testing method for the tensile strength and elongation at break of the aluminum alloy rod: Test according to the method specified in "GB / T 4909.3-2009 Part 3: Tensile test".

[0127] Testing method for the resistivity of the aluminum alloy rod: Test according to the method specified in "GB / T 3048.2-2007 Test methods for electrical properties of electric wires and cables Part 2: Test for resistivity of metallic materials".

[0128] Testing method for the aluminum alloy composition: Test according to the method specified in "GB / T 7999-2015 Analytical method for optical emission spectrometry of aluminum and aluminum alloys".

[0129] Testing method for the tensile strength and elongation at break of the aluminum alloy wire: Test according to the method specified in "GB / T 4909.3-2009 Part 3: Tensile test".

[0130] Test method for resistivity of aluminum alloy wire: The test is carried out according to the method specified in "GB / T 3048.2-2007 Test Methods for Electrical Properties of Electric Wires and Cables - Part 2: Test for Resistivity of Metallic Materials".

[0131] Test method for macroscopic crystal phase grain size: It is carried out according to the method specified in GB / T 6394-2017.

[0132] The performance test data of the aluminum alloy rods with a diameter of 9.5 mm prepared in each example and comparative example are shown in Table 4 as follows:

[0133] Table 4

[0134]

[0135] The performance test data of the aluminum alloy wires prepared in each example and comparative example after aging treatment are shown in Table 5 as follows:

[0136] Table 5

[0137]

[0138] Examples 1-1, 1-2 and 1-3 in Table 5 refer to the aluminum alloy wires with different particle sizes prepared in Example 1. Examples 2-5 and Comparative Example 1-3 only test the relevant properties of aluminum alloy wires with one diameter. The judgment of performance is whether the aluminum alloy wires prepared in the examples meet the indicators of the aluminum alloy wires specified in BS EN 50183-2000.

[0139] The following Table 6 shows the indicators of the aluminum alloy wires specified in BS EN 50183-2000.

[0140] Table 6

[0141]

[0142] From the data in Table 4 and Table 5, it can be seen that the aluminum alloy rods prepared in Examples 1-5 of this application have good tensile strength reaching 173 MPa - 187 MPa, elongation at break of 15% - 17%, resistivity reaching 33.8 nΩ·m - 34.2 nΩ·m, and macroscopic crystal phase grain size reaching Grade 1. When the aluminum alloy rods are made into aluminum alloy wires, their tensile strength, elongation at break and resistivity meet the indicator requirements of the aluminum alloy wires specified in BS EN 50183-2000.

[0143] Compared with Example 1, the components of the aluminum alloys prepared in Comparative Examples 1-4 are different from those in Example 1. Specifically, when preparing the aluminum alloys in Comparative Examples 1-4, the iron content, boron content, titanium element content, and the component contents of rare earth elements lanthanum and cerium are respectively reduced. From the data in Table 4 and Table 5, it can be seen that the comprehensive properties of tensile strength, elongation at break, and resistivity of the aluminum alloy rods and aluminum alloy wires prepared in Comparative Examples 1-3 are inferior to those in Example 1.

[0144] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of concise description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope recorded in this specification.

[0145] The above-described embodiments only represent several implementation manners of the present invention. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention patent shall be subject to the appended claims, and the specification can be used to explain the content of the claims.

Claims

1. An aluminum alloy material, characterized in that, By mass percentage, the aluminum alloy material comprises the following components: Si: 0.54% - 0.95%, Fe: 0.20% - 0.50%, Cu: 0.005% - 0.15%, Mg: 0.60% - 0.90%, B: 0.005% - 0.03%, Ti: 0.0015% - 0.02%, rare earth elements: 0.08% - 0.10% and the balance Al; the rare earth elements include La and Ce.

2. The aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that, Among the rare earth elements, the mass ratio of La to Ce is 1:(1 - 3).

3. The aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, By mass percentage, the mass percentage of Fe is 0.22% - 0.26%; and / or, the mass percentage of B is 0.008% - 0.01%; and / or, the mass percentage of Ti is 0.007% - 0.015%.

4. The aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that The aluminum alloy material is a rod or wire.

5. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It includes the following preparation steps: Weigh each raw material according to the above component ratio; Melt and mix the raw materials to obtain a mixed melt; Carry out refining treatment and casting treatment on the mixed melt in sequence to obtain a billet; Carry out rolling treatment and cooling treatment on the billet in sequence.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The raw materials include an Al-Ti-B grain refiner, and the Al-Ti-B grain refiner is added to the melt after the refining treatment and before the casting treatment.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preparation method satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) The casting temperature of the casting treatment is 690°C - 700°C; (2) Before carrying out the rolling treatment, heat the billet to 520°C - 540°C, and then start the rolling treatment; (3) Control the finishing rolling temperature to be 250°C - 350°C; (4) Control the cooling rate of the cooling treatment to be ≥20°C / s; (5) Control the temperature of the aluminum alloy after the cooling treatment to be 60°C - 90°C.

8. The preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that, The preparation method further includes the following preparation steps: Carry out wire drawing treatment and aging treatment on the aluminum alloy after the cooling treatment in sequence.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein, The wire drawing treatment needs to be carried out multiple times of wire drawing, and the speed of each wire drawing is 12m / s - 25m / s; the change rate of the cross-section of the aluminum alloy before and after each wire drawing is 20% - 25%; and / or, the temperature of the aging treatment is 150°C - 178°C, and the time is 5h - 8h.

10. A cable, characterized in that, The cable includes a conductor, and the material of the conductor includes the aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 1 - 4.

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