Testing device for simulating water pressure in tunnel

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of simulation detection, and discloses a test device for simulating water pressure in a tunnel, which comprises a base, the top of the base is fixedly connected with a bracket, the top of the bracket is fixedly provided with a mounting seat, the top of the mounting seat is provided with a lining model, the two ends of the lining model are both provided with hydraulic pressurizing mechanisms, and the hydraulic pressurizing mechanisms are arranged on the mounting seat. The hydraulic pressurizing mechanism comprises supporting columns, the supporting columns are fixedly connected to the top of the base and located on the left side and the right side of the mounting base, the top ends of the supporting columns are fixedly connected with first communicating pipes, and sealing cylinders and springs are arranged in the first communicating pipes in a sealed and sleeved mode. According to the device, the supporting cylinder and the moving cylinder are vertically arranged, the liquid level in the supporting cylinder and the moving cylinder is changed, the water pressure of the inner cavity of the lining model is actually tested, the test pressure is provided by utilizing a water pressure formula rhogh, the pressure can be automatically changed, and compared with the prior art, the device has the advantages of being low in cost and convenient to use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of simulation detection, and specifically relates to a test device for simulating water pressure in a tunnel. Background Art

[0002] During the design and construction of a ring-anchored prestressed concrete lining, simulation tests are required to simulate the water pressure in a concrete-lined tunnel and the cracks that may be caused by the stress on the lining. The test devices in the prior art mainly simulate the real water pressure in the tunnel through water pressure. Specifically, both ends of the lining are blocked and water is continuously added. However, in this case, it is easy for the water blocking at both ends of the lining to fail as the water pressure increases, and the requirement for water blocking and sealing at the ports is relatively high. The conventional water blocking designs in the prior art simply cannot overcome the above defects. Moreover, since water pressure simulation is adopted, a large amount of water needs to be pumped into the device by a water pump and pressurized by the water pump (the relevant technology of water pump pressurization is disclosed in CN201922247143.3), and pressure simulation is carried out on the lining. The large amount of water causes waste of water resources. More importantly, the preparation work for a large amount of water is very cumbersome. In the prior art, the water source for water pressure is mainly water pumped by a water pump, which not only increases the use cost of the device but also increases the complexity of the test. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the existing test device to overcome the above defects. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a test device for simulating the water pressure in a tunnel to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology. To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A test device for simulating the water pressure in a tunnel, including a base, a support is fixedly connected to the top of the base, a mounting seat is fixedly installed on the top of the support, a lining model is placed on the top of the mounting seat, and hydraulic pressurizing mechanisms are arranged at both ends of the lining model. The hydraulic pressurizing mechanism includes: a support column, the support column is fixedly connected to the top of the base and is located on the left and right sides of the mounting seat, a first connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the top end of the support column, a sealing cylinder and a spring are hermetically sleeved inside the first connecting pipe, and both ends of the spring are elastically connected to the sealing cylinder and the first connecting pipe respectively. One end of the sealing cylinder is fixedly connected to a pressing plate, and a sealing ring is glued to the side of the pressing plate facing the lining model, and the sealing ring abuts against the end of the lining model; a support cylinder, the support cylinder is fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the top of the base, a moving cylinder is hermetically sleeved inside the support cylinder, a foam board is fixedly connected to the bottom of the moving cylinder, a transfer cylinder is fixedly communicated with the outer surface of the support cylinder, a second connecting pipe is fixedly connected to one end of the transfer cylinder, a water pump and a water storage tank are installed at the rear side of the top of the base, and the inlet and outlet ends of the water pump are communicated with the water storage tank and the second connecting pipe respectively; a fixed cylinder is fixedly connected to the side of the inner wall of the transfer cylinder facing the support cylinder, a sliding column is movably sleeved inside the fixed cylinder, one end of the sliding column is fixedly connected to a sealing plate, and the sealing plate abuts against and forms a seal with an opening on one side of the transfer cylinder, and the pressing plate, the sealing cylinder, the first connecting pipe and the support cylinder are communicated in sequence. As a preferred solution of the present invention, guiding grooves are respectively formed on the front and rear sides inside the mounting seat, and guiding columns are fixedly connected to the bottom of the side of the pressing plate facing the lining model, and the guiding columns are adaptively inserted into the guiding grooves. As a preferred solution of the present invention, a first telescopic rod is fixedly installed at the bottom of the mounting seat, a sleeve rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first telescopic rod, a hinge seat is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the sleeve rod, a connecting frame is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the sealing cylinder, and two groups of connecting rods are movably hinged between the connecting frame and the hinge seat. As a preferred solution of the present invention, a top block and a bottom block are respectively fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the sleeve rod, the telescopic end of the first telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the top block, the sizes of the top block and the bottom block are equal and larger than the size of the sleeve rod, and the same gap is left between the surfaces of the top block and the bottom block and the hinge seat. As a preferred solution of the present invention, the axial cross-section shape of the sealing ring is "U" shaped, both ends of the lining model are adaptively clamped in the sealing ring, and the sealing ring is made of a rubber block. As a preferred solution of the present invention, the diameter value of the sealing plate is smaller than the inner diameter value of the transfer cylinder, and the sealing plate is hermetically abutted against the inner wall of the opening on the side of the transfer cylinder away from the support cylinder.As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, two sets of second telescopic rods are fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the base, corresponding to the two sets of hydraulic pressurizing mechanisms respectively. The telescopic ends of the second telescopic rods sequentially penetrate through the base and the support cylinder upwards, and are fixedly connected to a steel wire rope located at the bottom of the inner cavity of the support cylinder. One end of the steel wire rope is fixedly connected to the sealing plate. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the axial cross-sectional shapes of the moving cylinder and the sealing cylinder are both "T" shaped, and the moving cylinder and the sealing cylinder are both designed to be hollow.

[0004] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The device is redesigned, changing the way of pressing the lining model, making the test simple and fast. The device conducts a water filling and pressurizing test on the inner wall of the lining model through the hydraulic pressurizing mechanisms located at both ends of the lining model. By providing a first connecting pipe with a sealing cylinder sleeved inside, one end of the sealing cylinder is connected to a pressing plate and a sealing ring, and is set in two groups, which abut against and form a seal from both ends of the lining model. By providing a water pump to pump water from the water storage tank, and through the second connecting pipe, the transfer cylinder, the first connecting pipe, and the sealing cylinder, it enters the lining model. The upper open support cylinder and the moving cylinder are used to store the water pumped by the water pump. When the inner cavity of the lining model is filled with water, by using the vertical arrangement of the support cylinder and the moving cylinder, the liquid level height in the support cylinder and the moving cylinder is changed to realize the real test of the water pressure in the inner cavity of the lining model. This design uses the water pressure formula ρgh to provide the test pressure and can automatically change the pressure, which has the advantages of low cost and easy use compared with the prior art. 2. Then, the device also utilizes the sealing sleeve relationship between the first connecting pipe and the sealing cylinder, so that the water flow passing through the first connecting pipe and the sealing cylinder also generates a pressure on the sealing cylinder at the same time. The direction of this pressure is horizontally towards one side of the lining model. During the high-pressure test of the lining model, the pressure on the end of the lining model by the sealing cylinder and the pressing plate also increases synchronously, effectively enhancing the extrusion force on the sealing ring, increasing the deformation degree of the sealing ring, strengthening the synchronous sealing function of the sealing ring, avoiding the water seepage phenomenon during the high-water-pressure test of the lining model, and improving the reliability of the device. 3. The device is also provided with a second telescopic rod, which drives the steel wire rope to move upwards, thereby forcibly pulling the sealing plate towards one side of the lining model. At this time, the sealing plate disengages from the sealed abutment with the opening on one side of the transfer cylinder, so as to smoothly open the opening on one side of the transfer cylinder. At this time, the second connecting pipe, the transfer cylinder, the support cylinder, the moving cylinder, the first connecting pipe, the sealing cylinder, and the inner cavity of the lining model are all connected and form a communicating vessel. The water liquid level in the inner cavity of the moving cylinder continuously drops under the action of the atmospheric pressure, and the water flowing towards the second connecting pipe side in the transfer cylinder continuously flows back to the water storage tank through the second connecting pipe and the water pump, so that the water recovery work of the device is automated, thereby realizing the recycling of water, and can save about 50%. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0005] Figure 1 It is a front external view schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is a front three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 is a front sectional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at position A in; Figure 5 is a top sectional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydraulic pressurizing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 is an internal sectional schematic diagram of the hydraulic pressurizing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 is a separation schematic diagram of the connecting frame, connecting rod, hinge seat, first telescopic rod, sleeve rod, top block and bottom block of the present invention.

[0006] In the figure: 1, base; 2, bracket; 3, mounting seat; 4, lining model; 5, support column; 6, first connecting pipe; 7, sealing cylinder; 8, pressing plate; 9, sealing ring; 10, connecting frame; 11, connecting rod; 12, hinge seat; 13, first telescopic rod; 14, sleeve rod; 141, top block; 142, bottom block; 15, support cylinder; 16, moving cylinder; 17, foam board; 18, transfer cylinder; 19, second connecting pipe; 20, second telescopic rod; 21, steel wire rope; 22, water pump; 23, water storage tank; 24, guide post; 25, spring; 26, fixed cylinder; 27, sliding column; 28, sealing plate; 29, guide groove. Detailed implementation manners

[0007] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. As Figures 1 to 8As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a test device for simulating water pressure in a tunnel, including a base 1. A bracket 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the base 1. A mounting seat 3 is fixedly installed at the top of the bracket 2. A lining model 4 is placed on the top of the mounting seat 3. Hydraulic pressurizing mechanisms are arranged at both ends of the lining model 4. The hydraulic pressurizing mechanism includes: a support column 5. The support column 5 is fixedly connected to the top of the base 1 and is located on the left and right sides of the mounting seat 3. The top end of the support column 5 is fixedly connected to a first communicating pipe 6. A sealing cylinder 7 and a spring 25 are hermetically sleeved inside the first communicating pipe 6. Both ends of the spring 25 are elastically connected to the sealing cylinder 7 and the first communicating pipe 6 respectively. One end of the sealing cylinder 7 is fixedly connected to a pressing plate 8. A sealing ring 9 is adhesively attached to the side of the pressing plate 8 facing the lining model 4. The sealing ring 9 abuts against the end of the lining model 4. A support cylinder 15 is fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the top of the base 1. A moving cylinder 16 is hermetically sleeved inside the support cylinder 15. A foam board 17 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the moving cylinder 16. A transfer cylinder 18 is fixedly communicated with the outer surface of the support cylinder 15. One end of the transfer cylinder 18 is fixedly connected to a second communicating pipe 19. A water pump 22 and a water storage tank 23 are installed at the rear side of the top of the base 1. The inlet and outlet ends of the water pump 22 are communicated with the water storage tank 23 and the second communicating pipe 19 respectively. A fixed cylinder 26 is fixedly connected to the side of the inner wall of the transfer cylinder 18 facing the support cylinder 15. A sliding column 27 is movably sleeved inside the fixed cylinder 26. One end of the sliding column 27 is fixedly connected to a sealing plate 28. The sealing plate 28 abuts against and seals one opening side of the transfer cylinder 18. The pressing plate 8, the sealing cylinder 7, the first communicating pipe 6 and the support cylinder 15 are communicated in sequence. This device has been redesigned, changing the way of pressing the lining model 4, making the test simple and fast. This device conducts a water filling and pressurizing test on the inner wall of the lining model 4 through the hydraulic pressurizing mechanisms arranged at both ends of the lining model 4. By hermetically sleeving a sealing cylinder 7 inside the first communicating pipe 6, one end of the sealing cylinder 7 is communicated with a pressing plate 8 and a sealing ring 9, and they are set in two groups, abutting against and forming a seal from both ends of the lining model 4. By arranging a water pump 22 to pump water from the water storage tank 23 and entering the lining model 4 through the second communicating pipe 19, the transfer cylinder 18, the first communicating pipe 6 and the sealing cylinder 7. The water pumped out by the water pump 22 is stored in the upper open support cylinder 15 and the moving cylinder 16. When the inner cavity of the lining model 4 is filled with water, by utilizing the vertical setting of the support cylinder 15 and the moving cylinder 16, the liquid level height in the support cylinder 15 and the moving cylinder 16 is changed to realize the real test of the water pressure in the inner cavity of the lining model 4. This design uses the water pressure formula ρgh to provide the test pressure and can automatically change the pressure, having the advantages of low cost and easy use compared with the prior art.Then, the device also utilizes the sealing sleeve relationship between the first communicating pipe 6 and the sealing cylinder 7, so that the water flow passing through the first communicating pipe 6 and the sealing cylinder 7 also generates pressure on the sealing cylinder 7 at the same time. The direction of this pressure is horizontally towards one side of the lining model 4. During the high-pressure test of the lining model 4, the pressure on the end of the lining model 4 by the sealing cylinder 7 and the pressing plate 8 also increases synchronously, effectively enhancing the extrusion pressure on the sealing ring 9, increasing the deformation degree of the sealing ring 9, strengthening the synchronous sealing function of the sealing ring 9, avoiding the water seepage phenomenon generated by the lining model 4 during the high-water-pressure test, and improving the reliability of the device. Among them, guide grooves 29 are provided on both the front and rear sides inside the mounting seat 3. A guide post 24 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pressing plate 8 facing the lining model 4. The guide post 24 is adaptively inserted into the guide groove 29; the guide post 24 and the guide groove 29 are mutually adaptively inserted and matched to provide a stable guiding function for the horizontal movement of the pressing plate 8. Among them, a first telescopic rod 13 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the mounting seat 3. The bottom of the first telescopic rod 13 is fixedly connected to a sleeve rod 14. The outer surface of the sleeve rod 14 is movably sleeved with a hinge seat 12. A connecting frame 10 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the sealing cylinder 7. Two groups of connecting rods 11 are movably hinged between the connecting frame 10 and the hinge seat 12; the connecting frame 10, the connecting rods 11 and the hinge seat 12 cooperate with each other to enable the left and right sealing cylinders 7, the pressing plate 8 and the sealing ring 9 to maintain the extrusion on the lining model 4 and maintain the initial sealing function. The spring 25 is in a compressed state when installed inside the first communicating pipe and accumulates elastic potential energy. Therefore, under the action of the spring 25, the sealing cylinder 7 is horizontally pushed towards the side of the lining model 4, driving the two connecting frames 10 to move towards each other. When the connecting rods 11 are driven to rotate, the hinge seat 12 is driven to move downward. At this time, the first telescopic rod 13 drives the sleeve rod 14 to move to a position that does not prevent the free movement of the hinge seat 12. Among them, a top block 141 and a bottom block 142 are respectively fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the sleeve rod 14. The telescopic end of the first telescopic rod 13 is fixedly connected to the top block 141. The sizes of the top block 141 and the bottom block 142 are equal and larger than the size of the sleeve rod 14. The same gap is left between the top block 141 and the bottom block 142 and the surface of the hinge seat 12; the top block 141 and the bottom block 142 are respectively located at both ends of the sleeve rod 14. Since the lining model 4 needs to be placed at the beginning stage, the first telescopic rod 13 needs to drive the sleeve rod 14 and the hinge seat 12 to move upward. At this time, the hinge seat 12 abuts against the bottom block 142 and drives the connecting rods 11 to rotate, pushing the two connecting frames 10 and the sealing cylinder 7 away from each other to provide space for the placement of the lining model 4. When the lining model 4 is placed on the mounting seat 3, the first telescopic rod 13 drives the sleeve rod 14 to move downward and makes the hinge seat 12 move downward. Under the action of the spring 25, the pressing plate 8 and the sealing ring 9 move towards the lining model 4 and press from both ends of the lining model 4 to form a seal.Among them, the axial cross-section shape of the sealing ring 9 is "U" shaped. Both ends of the lining model 4 are adaptively clamped in the sealing ring 9, and the sealing ring 9 is made of a rubber block. The sealing ring 9 with a "U" shaped design deforms under the mutual pressure of the pressing plate 8 and the lining model 4, and provides a sealing and waterproof function for both ends of the lining model 4. Among them, the diameter value of the sealing plate 28 is smaller than the inner diameter value of the transfer cylinder 18, and the sealing plate 28 is hermetically abutted against the inner wall of the opening on the side of the transfer cylinder 18 away from the support cylinder 15. A set of one-way valve mechanism is arranged inside the transfer cylinder 18. This mechanism includes a fixed cylinder 26, a sliding column 27 and a sealing plate 28. When the water pump 22 conveys water into the inner cavity of the lining model 4, the water flow impacts the sealing plate 28, causing it to drive the sliding column 27 to move towards one side of the lining model 4. At this time, the opening between the sealing plate 28 and one side of the transfer cylinder 18 is opened, enabling the water flow to continuously pass through. When the water conveyance stops, the water pressure from the inner cavities of the support cylinder 15 and the moving cylinder 16 will firmly press the sealing plate 28 to prevent water from flowing back. Among them, two sets of second telescopic rods 20 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the base 1 and respectively correspond to two sets of hydraulic pressurizing mechanisms. The telescopic ends of the second telescopic rods 20 sequentially penetrate through the base 1 and the support cylinder 15 upwards, and are fixedly connected to a steel wire rope 21 located at the bottom of the inner cavity of the support cylinder 15. One end of the steel wire rope 21 is fixedly connected to the sealing plate 28. The device is also provided with the second telescopic rod 20 to drive the steel wire rope 21 to move upwards, thereby forcibly pulling the sealing plate 28 towards one side of the lining model 4. At this time, the sealing plate 28 disengages from the sealing abutment with the opening on one side of the transfer cylinder 18, thus smoothly opening the opening on one side of the transfer cylinder 18. At this time, the inner cavities of the second connecting pipe 19, the transfer cylinder 18, the support cylinder 15, the moving cylinder 16, the first connecting pipe 6, the sealing cylinder 7 and the lining model 4 are all connected and form a communicating vessel. The water level surface in the inner cavity of the moving cylinder 16 continuously drops under the action of the atmospheric pressure, and the water flowing towards the second connecting pipe 19 in the transfer cylinder 18 continuously flows back to the water storage tank 23 through the second connecting pipe 19 and the water pump 22, thereby realizing the automation of the water recovery work of the device. Among them, the axial cross-section shapes of the moving cylinder 16 and the sealing cylinder 7 are both "T" shaped, and the moving cylinder 16 and the sealing cylinder 7 are both designed to be hollow. The unique "T" shaped design of the moving cylinder 16 and the sealing cylinder 7 enables one end of them to be affected by the water pressure. The sealing cylinder 7 can strengthen the end sealing of the sealing ring 9 to the lining model 4 under the pushing action of the water pressure, while the moving cylinder 16 moves upwards under the buoyancy of the foam board 17 and increases the water pressure of the device.

[0008] Working principle: First, place the lining model 4 with the stress detection device installed on the inner wall on the mounting seat 3, start the telescopic rod 13, and drive the sleeve rod 14 to move downward. At this time, the spring 25 presses the sealing cylinder 7, and the left and right sets of sealing cylinders 7 drive the pressure plate 8, the sealing ring 9 and the connecting frame 10 to move toward one side of the lining model 4. The sealing ring 9 contacts the lining model 4 and forms a seal. At the same time, the horizontal movement of the left and right sets of connecting frames 10 drives the connecting rod 11 to rotate and moves the hinge seat 12 downward to no longer contact the bottom block 1. 42 abuts the position, at this time, there is no more forceful interaction between the telescopic rod 13, the sleeve rod 14 and the hinge seat 12; then, start the water pump 22, and pump the water stored in the water tank 23 into the connecting pipe 2 19, and make it pass through the transfer cylinder 18 toward one side of the lining model 4, the water flow pushes the sealing plate 28 and the sliding column 27 to move along the inner wall of the fixed cylinder 26, and opens the transfer cylinder 18, so that the water flow passes through the support cylinder 15, the connecting pipe 6, the sealing cylinder 7 in turn, and fills the lining model 4, and then the water flow will be in the inner cavity of the support cylinder 15 The liquid gathers upward and gradually increases the liquid level. According to the water pressure formula: P=ρgh, h is the height of the water level in the inner cavity of the support cylinder 15 and the moving cylinder 16. The higher h is, the greater the water pressure on the lining model 4 is. Therefore, the real water pressure environment of the lining model 4 can be simulated without using a pressurizing device. Finally, when it is necessary to increase the water pressure on the inner wall of the lining model 4, it is only necessary to control the water pump 22 to continuously deliver water. At this time, the moving cylinder 16 and the foam plate 17 move upward under the action of buoyancy, the moving cylinder 16 protrudes upward, and the water depth is further increased. As the pressure between the lining model 4 and the sealing ring 9 increases, the sealing cylinder 7 is also subjected to the same water pressure, causing its pressure on the lining model 4 to increase synchronously, thereby preventing high-pressure water seepage at the sealing ring 9. After the simulation is completed, the telescopic rod 20 is activated, driving the wire rope 21 to move upward, and pulling the sealing plate 28 through the movable cylinder 16, causing it to break away from the abutment with the opening of the transfer cylinder 18, creating a gap. At this time, the water in the cavity of the support cylinder 15 can flow back through the opening to the water storage tank 23. It should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as first and second are merely used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating water pressure in a tunnel, comprising a base (1), a bracket (2) fixedly connected to the top of the base (1), a mounting seat (3) fixedly installed on the top of the bracket (2), and a lining model (4) placed on the top of the mounting seat (3), characterized in that: Hydraulic pressure mechanisms are provided at both ends of the lining model (4). The hydraulic pressure mechanism includes: a pillar (5) fixedly connected to the top of the base (1) and located on the left and right sides of the mounting seat (3). The top end of the pillar (5) is fixedly connected with a first connecting pipe (6). A sealing cylinder (7) and a spring (25) are hermetically sleeved inside the first connecting pipe (6). The two ends of the spring (25) are elastically connected to the sealing cylinder (7) and the first connecting pipe (6) respectively. One end of the sealing cylinder (7) is fixedly connected with a pressing plate (8). A sealing ring (9) is adhesively attached to the side of the pressing plate (8) facing the lining model (4). The sealing ring (9) abuts against the end of the lining model (4); a support cylinder (15) fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the top of the base (1). A moving cylinder (16) is hermetically sleeved inside the support cylinder (15). A foam board (17) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the moving cylinder (16). A transfer cylinder (18) is fixedly communicated with the outer surface of the support cylinder (15). One end of the transfer cylinder (18) is fixedly connected with a second connecting pipe (19). A water pump (22) and a water storage tank (23) are installed at the rear side of the top of the base (1). The inlet and outlet ends of the water pump (22) are communicated with the water storage tank (23) and the second connecting pipe (19) respectively; a fixed cylinder (26) is fixedly connected to the side of the inner wall of the transfer cylinder (18) facing the support cylinder (15). A sliding column (27) is movably sleeved inside the fixed cylinder (26). One end of the sliding column (27) is fixedly connected with a sealing plate (28). The sealing plate (28) abuts against and forms a seal with an opening on one side of the transfer cylinder (18). The pressing plate (8), the sealing cylinder (7), the first connecting pipe (6) and the support cylinder (15) are communicated in sequence.

2. The test device for simulating water pressure in a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: Guide grooves (29) are provided on the front and rear sides inside the mounting seat (3). A guide post (24) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the side of the pressing plate (8) facing the lining model (4). The guide post (24) is adaptively inserted into the guide groove (29).

3. The test device for simulating water pressure in a tunnel according to claim 2, wherein: A first telescopic rod (13) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the mounting seat (3). A sleeve rod (14) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first telescopic rod (13). A hinge seat (12) is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the sleeve rod (14). A connecting frame (10) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the sealing cylinder (7). Two groups of connecting rods (11) are movably hinged between the connecting frame (10) and the hinge seat (12).

4. The test device for simulating water pressure in a tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: A top block (141) and a bottom block (142) are respectively fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the sleeve rod (14). The telescopic end of the first telescopic rod (13) is fixedly connected to the top block (141). The top block (141) and the bottom block (142) have the same size and are larger than the size of the sleeve rod (14). The same gap is left between the top block (141) and the bottom block (142) and the surface of the hinge seat (12).

5. The test device for simulating water pressure in a tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The axial cross-sectional shape of the sealing ring (9) is "U" shaped, both ends of the lining model (4) are adaptively clamped in the sealing ring (9), and the sealing ring (9) is made of a rubber block.

6. The test device for simulating water pressure in a tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The diameter value of the sealing plate (28) is smaller than the inner diameter value of the transfer cylinder (18), and the sealing plate (28) is sealingly abutted against the inner wall of the opening on the side of the transfer cylinder (18) away from the support cylinder (15).

7. An experimental device for simulating water pressure in a tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that: Two groups of second telescopic rods (20) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the base (1), corresponding to the two groups of hydraulic pressurizing mechanisms respectively. The telescopic ends of the second telescopic rods (20) sequentially penetrate through the base (1) and the support cylinder (15) upward, and are fixedly connected to a steel wire rope (21) located at the bottom of the inner cavity of the support cylinder (15). One end of the steel wire rope (21) is fixedly connected to the sealing plate (28).

8. An experimental device for simulating water pressure in a tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that: The axial cross-sectional shapes of the moving cylinder (16) and the sealing cylinder (7) are both "T" shaped, and the moving cylinder (16) and the sealing cylinder (7) are both designed to be hollow.

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