Device and method for separating ore through high-voltage electric pulse selective electric breakdown crushing

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for separating ores through high-voltage electric pulse selective electric breakdown crushing. The device comprises an insulating box body, an upper-layer parallel discharge electrode, a lower-layer parallel discharge electrode, a first electrode holder, a second electrode holder, a material receiving container and a waste material container, the first electrode holder and the second electrode holder are arranged on the inner side wall of the insulating box body; the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode and the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode are obliquely arranged in the insulating box body in the same direction; one ends of the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode and the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode are fixedly connected with the first electrode holder, and the other ends are fixedly connected with the second electrode holder; the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode and the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode are respectively connected with a set of high-voltage electric pulse device, and the two sets of high-voltage electric pulse devices output different pulse voltage amplitudes; a high-voltage electric pulse crushing technology is adopted, a mineral interface is broken down preferentially through discharge, cracks are triggered through plasma explosion and thermal stress, and therefore ore crushing is efficiently achieved, and the subsequent ore grinding effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mineral processing, and more specifically, to an apparatus and method for selectively electrically breaking and separating ores by high-voltage electric pulse selective electric breakdown. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the mining industry is facing a series of severe challenges: the ore grade is decreasing year by year, the particle size of valuable minerals is becoming increasingly fine, the hardness of ores is increasing, and the processing scale is continuously expanding, resulting in a significant increase in the energy consumption of crushing and grinding. At the same time, the shortage of water resources and the increasingly strict environmental protection and energy conservation and emission reduction requirements have brought great pressure to the mining industry. Therefore, ensuring the sustainability of mining production has become an urgent problem to be solved. Developing new technologies to improve traditional ore dressing processes is a generally recognized direction for ensuring the sustainable development of the mining industry and has important strategic significance.

[0003] Traditional ore crushing and grinding mainly rely on mechanical impact, shear, and grinding to break ores and achieve monomeric dissociation of minerals. However, this crushing mechanism often leads to the generation of a large amount of fine-grained materials that are difficult to process and coarse-grained materials with insufficient dissociation, increasing the difficulty of subsequent separation operations. In addition, the investment and maintenance costs of traditional crushing and grinding equipment are high, and the energy consumption is huge.

[0004] The high-voltage pulse selective electric breakdown crushing technology has shown application potential in the enrichment and extraction of metal ores. However, so far, no high-voltage electric pulse crushing and separation process that can meet the requirements of industrial continuous production and throughput has been seen, nor is there a pulse generator and its supporting control system suitable for continuous production and capable of achieving long-term repeated discharges. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides an apparatus and method for selectively electrically breaking and separating ores by high-voltage electric pulse selective electric breakdown. The high-voltage electric pulse crushing technology is used to preferentially break down the mineral interface by discharging, and cracks are induced through plasma explosion and thermal stress, thereby realizing the efficient crushing of ores and improving the subsequent grinding effect.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] An apparatus for selectively electrically breaking and separating ores by high-voltage electric pulse selective electric breakdown, comprising: an insulating box body, upper parallel discharge electrodes, lower parallel discharge electrodes, a first electrode seat, a second electrode seat, a material receiving container, and a waste material container;

[0008] The first electrode seat is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the insulating box body; the second electrode seat is connected to the inner side wall of the insulating box body with adjustable height, and the first electrode seat and the second electrode seat are arranged opposite to each other;

[0009] The upper parallel discharge electrode and the lower parallel discharge electrode are disposed in the insulating box body in the same direction and obliquely; the lower parallel discharge electrode is located directly below the upper parallel discharge electrode;

[0010] One end of the upper parallel discharge electrode and the lower parallel discharge electrode is connected to the first electrode seat, and the other end is connected to the second electrode seat; the upper parallel discharge electrode and the lower parallel discharge electrode are respectively connected to a set of high-voltage electric pulse devices, and the output pulse voltage amplitudes of the two sets of high-voltage pulse devices are different;

[0011] The material receiving container is disposed directly below the lower parallel discharge electrode; the waste material container is disposed on one side of the lower ends of the upper parallel discharge electrode and the lower parallel discharge electrode.

[0012] Further, a feed inlet is provided on the insulating box body near the higher end of the upper parallel discharge electrode;

[0013] A water inlet and a water outlet are provided on the side wall of the insulating box body.

[0014] Further, the front, rear, left, and right walls of the insulating box body below the lower parallel discharge electrode are all inclined towards the center to form a constriction, and the material receiving container is located below the constriction.

[0015] Further, the upper parallel discharge electrode and the lower parallel discharge electrode each include a plurality of electrode rods arranged in parallel, and the electric shock rods are divided into high-voltage electrode rods and grounded electrode rods, and the high-voltage electrode rods and the grounded electrode rods are alternately arranged at intervals.

[0016] Further, the distance between the high-voltage electrode rod and the adjacent grounded electrode rod in the upper parallel discharge electrode is 0.6 times the minimum particle size of the ore particles;

[0017] The distance between the high-voltage electrode rod and the adjacent grounded electrode rod in the lower parallel discharge electrode is 0.4 times the minimum particle size of the ore particles.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for selectively electrically breaking and separating ores by high-voltage electric pulses, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1. Fill the insulating box body with water to submerge the upper parallel discharge electrode;

[0020] S2. Set the parameters of the high-voltage electric pulse device according to the properties of the ore particles, and energize the upper and lower parallel discharge electrodes through the high-voltage electric pulse device;

[0021] S3. Transport the ore particles to the upper parallel discharge electrodes; the ore particles are broken by high-voltage pulsed discharges of the upper parallel discharge electrodes and the lower parallel discharge electrodes in sequence and then fall into the material collection container; the unbroken ore particles slide down to the waste material container under the action of gravity and discharge disturbance due to the inclination angle on the upper parallel discharge electrodes or the lower parallel discharge electrodes;

[0022] S4. The material collection conveyor structure sends the broken ore particles in the material collection container to the next grinding process, and the waste material conveyor structure sends out the unbroken ore particles in the waste material container for disposal;

[0023] S5. When the conductivity of the water in the insulating box reaches the set value, replace the water.

[0024] Further, in S1, the height of the water submerging the upper parallel discharge electrodes is 30 cm.

[0025] Further, in S2, the initial particle size range of the ore particles is 100 mm to 120 mm.

[0026] Further, in S2, the parameters of the high-voltage pulse device are specifically:

[0027] The pulse rise time of the high-voltage pulse generated by the high-voltage pulse device is adjusted to be less than 500 ns.

[0028] Further, in S5, when the conductivity of the water in the insulating box reaches 600 μS / cm, replace the water in the insulating box.

[0029] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the following technical effects are disclosed by the present invention:

[0030] By adjusting the position of the second electrode base, the present invention can precisely change the vertical distance along the inclined direction between the upper and lower parallel discharge electrodes, thereby effectively controlling the electric field strength and discharge characteristics to optimize the treatment effect on specific ores. At the same time, by adjusting the inclination angle and distance of the electrode base, the movement path and force condition of the ore in the electric field can be optimized. By precisely matching the electrode layout with the ore characteristics, the crushing effect of the discharge energy on the useful minerals can be maximized. In addition, the inclined design of the upper and lower parallel discharge electrodes utilizes the gravity effect, enabling the ore to slide along the electrode surface and finally fall into the lower material collection container or the side waste material container according to the treatment result, realizing preliminary separation. Description of the Drawings

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings.

[0032] The following further describes the device and method for selectively electrically breaking and sorting ore by high-voltage electric pulses of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings;

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the device for selectively electrically breaking and sorting ore by high-voltage electric pulses in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic position structure diagram of the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode and the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a schematic flow diagram of the method for selectively electrically breaking and sorting ore by high-voltage electric pulses in the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1. Insulating box; 2. Feeding chute; 3. Upper-layer parallel discharge electrode; 4. Lower-layer parallel discharge electrode; 5. First electrode seat. Specific embodiments

[0037] The following further describes in detail the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention but not to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0038] To better understand the purpose, structure, and function of the present invention, the following further describes the present invention in detail in conjunction with the drawings.

[0039] Embodiment 1

[0040] The present invention provides a device for preprocessing ore by selectively electrically breaking and sorting with high-voltage electric pulses, as Figure 1 shown, including: an insulating box 1, an upper-layer parallel discharge electrode 3, a lower-layer parallel discharge electrode 4, a first electrode seat 5, a second electrode seat, a receiving container, and a waste container;

[0041] Exemplarily, the insulating box 1 has a square structure, and the material of the insulating box 1 is conventional insulating materials such as nylon and PVC; the materials of the high-voltage electrode and the grounding electrode are stainless steel. The side wall of the insulating box 1 is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet.

[0042] The first electrode base 5 is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the insulating box body 1; the second electrode base is connected to the inner side wall of the insulating box body 1 with adjustable height; and the first electrode base 5 and the second electrode base are arranged opposite to each other; inside the insulating box body 1, in the area below the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode 4, the four walls of the insulating box body 1 are inclined towards the center to form a constriction, and a receiving container is located below the constriction for collecting the crushed ore particles; the waste container is arranged on one side of the lower ends of the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode 3 and the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode 4.

[0043] As Figure 2 shown, the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode 3 and the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode 4 are arranged in the insulating box body 1 with the same inclination direction; the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode 4 is located directly below the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode 3;

[0044] One end of the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode 3 and the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode 4 is connected to the first electrode base 5; the other end of the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode 3 and the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode 4 is connected to the second electrode base;

[0045] The second electrode base is connected to the inner side wall of the insulating box body 1 with adjustable height. Specifically, multiple groups of card holes with different heights are provided on the inner wall of the insulating box body 1, and the second electrode base is provided with insertion parts (including but not limited to pins, bolts, etc.); the second electrode base is clamped with multiple groups of card holes with different heights through the insertion parts; to realize the adjustment of the inclination degree of the upper and lower-layer parallel discharge electrodes. (In this embodiment, it is also possible to have multiple groups of card holes with different heights on the second electrode base and be clamped with the insertion parts on the inner wall of the insulating box body 1)

[0046] Both the upper and lower-layer high-voltage electrodes and the grounding electrode are inclined, and the higher ends of the high-voltage electrode and the grounding electrode are close to the feeding chute 2. Ore particles are transported to the upper part of the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode through the feeding chute 2 by a belt conveyor.

[0047] Embodiment 2

[0048] The present invention also provides a method for a device for preprocessing ore by high-voltage pulse selective electric breakdown fragmentation and separation, as Figure 3 shown, including the following steps: <##

[0049] S1. Inlet and outlet ports are provided on the side wall of the insulating box body 1; start the water pump, fill water into the insulating box body 1 so that the water surface submerges the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode; wherein, water is used as the insulating liquid to fill the inside of the insulating box body and the product collector, and the water surface submerges the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode by about 3 cm; when the conductivity of the water in the insulating box body 1 rises to a certain value (generally 600 μS / cm), the water body is updated.

[0050] S2. Set the parameters of the high-voltage electric pulse device according to the properties of the ore particles. Convey the ore to the pulse insulation box 1 through the ore feeding conveyor mechanism, and transport the ore particles to the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode 3. The high-voltage electric pulse device supplies power to the upper and lower-layer parallel discharge electrodes through the first electrode seat 5 and the second electrode seat.

[0051] In this embodiment, the initial particle size range of the ore particles is 100 mm to 120 mm. The ore particles are generally used as the feed for semi-autogenous mills or the feed for coarse and medium crushing of ores.

[0052] The parameters of the high-voltage electric pulse device include: the voltage of the high-voltage electric pulse device and the discharge frequency of the high-voltage electric pulse device. And set the distance between the high-voltage electrode and the adjacent grounded electrode in the upper and lower-layer parallel discharge electrodes according to the properties of the ore particles.

[0053] The distance between the high-voltage and grounded electrodes in the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode is 0.6 times the minimum particle size of the ore particles, and the distance between the high-voltage and grounded electrodes in the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode is 0.4 times the minimum particle size of the ore particles.

[0054] The power supply of the high-voltage electric pulse device adopts three-phase four-wire AC input with a frequency of 50 Hz; the pulse rising edge of the generated high-voltage pulse is adjusted to be less than 500 ns; the pulse voltage amplitude of the high-voltage pulse generated by the high-voltage electric pulse device is determined according to the minimum particle size of the pretreated ore particles, and is determined and appropriately adjusted according to the empirical formula U = 120(d) 0.25 where U is in kV and d is the distance between the high-voltage and grounded electrodes in mm.

[0055] Among them, the high-voltage electric pulse device has the ability of long-term repeated discharge, and the number of pulses per second is adjustable between 5 and 20 times, and the continuous discharge time can reach more than 2 hours. The maximum amplitude of the high-voltage pulse voltage generated by the high-voltage electric pulse device is greater than 200 kV, up to 220 kV, and the electric pulse rising edge time is 50 ns to 100 ns.

[0056] S3. After the ore particles are broken by the high-voltage pulse discharge of the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode 3 and the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode 4 in sequence, they fall into the receiving container. The unbroken ore particles slide down to the waste container due to the inclination angle on the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode 3 or the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode 4 under the action of gravity and discharge disturbance.

[0057] In this embodiment, both the upper and lower-layer parallel discharge electrodes are grid structures composed of alternating and spaced high-voltage electrodes and grounded electrodes. Each high-voltage electrode and grounded electrode are respectively connected to the high-voltage electric pulse device. When the high-voltage electric pulse device is started, a discharge occurs between the high-voltage electrode and the high-voltage negative electrode, breaking the ore.

[0058] S4. The material receiving and conveying structure feeds the crushed ore particles in the material receiving container into the next grinding process, while the waste material conveying structure sends out the uncrushed ore particles in the waste material container for disposal.

[0059] In this embodiment, the ore particles are conveyed to the parallel discharge electrodes through the feeding chute 2, and then the high-voltage pulse device is turned on and the parameters of the high-voltage pulse device are set. After the ore particles are treated by high-voltage pulse discharge, the high-grade ore particles are broken by high-voltage pulse discharge and then fall under the action of gravity. The particles with a particle size less than 0.6 times and greater than 0.4 times the original particle size fall onto the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode 4; those less than 0.4 times the original particle size directly fall into the material receiving container. The unbroken low-grade ore particles will remain above the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode 3 or the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode 4. Because the upper and lower-layer parallel discharge electrodes have a certain inclination angle, the low-grade ore particles on the upper and lower-layer parallel discharge electrodes will slide into the waste material container under the action of gravity and the disturbance of discharge. The ore particles in the material receiving container are sent out by using the conveying system; the ore particles in the waste material container are sent out for disposal by using the waste material conveying structure.

[0060] The method of the present invention advances the ore dressing link. Through high-voltage pulse + screening, pre-discards the ore (discards the part on the sieve without ore or with extremely low content), reduces the grinding amount, changes the grinding environment, breaks more and grinds less. The ore-containing ore entering the grinding link under the sieve has many cracks and is very loose due to the electric shock discharge of the high-voltage pulse, and is easy to grind, which can reduce the wear of the grinding equipment, save the power consumption energy required for wear, and reduce the ore dressing cost. It can reduce the amount of ore entering the grinding process, and increase the content of useful minerals in the ore particle products entering the grinding process, make the particles entering the grinding process generate micro-cracks and reduce their hardness, which is beneficial to reducing the energy consumption of the subsequent grinding process and saving the enterprise cost.

[0061] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An apparatus for selectively electrically breaking and sorting ores by high-voltage electric pulses, characterized in that, Comprising: An insulating box body (1), an upper-layer parallel discharge electrode (3), a lower-layer parallel discharge electrode (4), a first electrode seat (5), a second electrode seat, a material receiving container, and a waste material container; The first electrode seat (5) is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the insulating box body (1); the second electrode seat is connected to the inner side wall of the insulating box body (1) with adjustable height, and the first electrode seat (5) and the second electrode seat are arranged oppositely; The upper-layer parallel discharge electrode (3) and the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode (4) are arranged in the insulating box body (1) in the same direction and inclined; the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode (4) is located directly below the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode (3); One end of the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode (3) and the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode (4) is connected to the first electrode seat (5), and the other end is connected to the second electrode seat; the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode (3) and the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode (4) are respectively connected to a set of high-voltage electric pulse devices, and the pulse voltage amplitudes output by the two sets of high-voltage pulse devices are different; The material receiving container is arranged directly below the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode (4); the waste material container is arranged on one side of the lower ends of the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode (3) and the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode (4).

2. The device for selectively electro - breakdown and crushing and separating ores by high - voltage electric pulses according to claim 1, characterized in that, An inlet is provided on the insulating box body (1) near the higher end of the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode (3); A water inlet and a water outlet are provided on the side wall of the insulating box body (1).

3. The device for selectively electro - breakdown and crushing and separating ores by high - voltage electric pulses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front, rear, left, and right walls of the insulating box body (1) below the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode (4) are all inclined towards the center to form a constriction, and the material receiving container is located below the constriction.

4. The device for selectively electro-blasting and crushing and separating ores by high-voltage electric pulses according to claim 1, characterized in that The upper-layer parallel discharge electrode (3) and the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode (4) both include a plurality of parallel electrode rods, and the electric shock rods are divided into high-voltage electrode rods and grounded electrode rods, and the high-voltage electrode rods and the grounded electrode rods are alternately arranged at intervals.

5. The device for selectively electro - breakdown and crushing and separating ores by high - voltage electric pulses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the high-voltage electrode rod and the adjacent grounded electrode rod in the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode (3) is 0.6 times the minimum particle size of the ore particles; The distance between the high-voltage electrode rod and the adjacent grounded electrode rod in the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode (4) is 0.4 times the minimum particle size of the ore particles.

6. A method for selectively electrically breaking and sorting ores by high-voltage electric pulses, which is applied to the device for selectively electrically breaking and sorting ores by high-voltage electric pulses as described in any one of claims 1-5, and is characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1. Fill water into the insulating box body (1) to submerge the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode (3); S2. Set the parameters of the high-voltage electric pulse device according to the properties of the ore particles, and energize the upper and lower-layer parallel discharge electrodes through the high-voltage electric pulse device; S3. Convey the ore particles onto the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode (3); the ore particles are sequentially broken by the high-voltage pulse discharge of the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode (3) and the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode (4) and then fall into the material receiving container; the unbroken ore particles slide down to the waste material container due to the inclination angle on the upper-layer parallel discharge electrode (3) or the lower-layer parallel discharge electrode (4) under the action of gravity and discharge disturbance; S4. The material receiving conveyor structure sends the broken ore particles in the material receiving container to the next grinding process, and the waste material conveyor structure sends the unbroken ore particles in the waste material container out for discharge; S5. When the conductivity of the water in the insulating box body (1) reaches the set value, it is replaced.

7. The method for selectively electro-breaking and separating ores by high-voltage electric pulses according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the above S1, the height at which water submerges the upper parallel discharge electrode (3) is 30 cm.

8. The method for selectively electro - breakdown crushing and separating ores by high - voltage electric pulses according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the above S2, the initial particle size range of the ore particles is 100 mm to 120 mm.

9. The method for selectively electro - breakdown crushing and separating ores by high - voltage electric pulses according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the above S2, the parameters of the high-voltage electric pulse device are specifically as follows: The pulse rising edge of the high-voltage pulse generated by the high-voltage electric pulse device is adjusted to be less than 500 ns.

10. The method for selectively electro-breaking and sorting ores by high-voltage electric pulses according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the above S5, when the conductivity of the water in the insulating box (1) reaches 600 μS / cm, the water in the insulating box (1) is replaced.

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