Machining method and machining device for gear-shaped tool

Abstract

The gear-shaped tool machining method comprises the following steps that S1, on the basis of the tooth surface topology modification requirement of a machined object, the machined object is divided into tooth surface grids, and the modification tooth surface equation of the tooth surface grids is the superposition of a standard involute helical surface and the modification tooth surface normal deviation; s2, the machined object is installed on a five-axis machine tool, a cutter axis and a workpiece axis are controlled through the five-axis machine tool to achieve machining motion, the normal deviation vector of each point of the modified tooth surface of the machined object in the step S1 is decoupled in the motion direction of each axis, participating in machining motion, of the five-axis machine tool, and an additional modification motion equation about each axis of any point of the modified tooth surface is generated; and S3, the five-axis machine tool is controlled to machine the machined object according to the fixed transmission ratio in a discontinuous generating machining mode, and high-precision machining and manufacturing of the machined object are achieved in the machining process according to the tooth surface position of the machined object and the additional motion equation of all the axes in the step S2. And the method has relatively high universality and flexibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of gear grinding processing, and particularly to a processing method and a processing device for a gear-shaped tool. Background Art

[0002] In order to reduce problems such as vibration, eccentric load, and noise generated during gear transmission due to installation errors, manufacturing errors, etc., it is necessary to modify the tooth surface of the gear. For new energy vehicles to effectively reduce the noise of gear transmission, the modification is more complex and strict. Tooth surface modification is deliberately deviating the tooth surface of the designed or manufactured gear from the theoretical tooth surface. Common tooth surface modifications include profile modification, lead modification, diagonal modification, and topological modification.

[0003] The gear processing industry realizes tooth surface modification in this step of the final processing technology. For cylindrical gears, currently, the final processing technologies that can be used include gear hobbing, form grinding, worm grinding, and power honing processes. Among them, gear hobbing and power honing processes rely on high-precision gear-shaped tools for processing. In order to achieve gear tooth surface modification, the gear-shaped tool must consider the modification design. Its tooth surface is similar to the involute helicoid, but more complex, and the processing and manufacturing are extremely difficult.

[0004] Currently, the existing processing technologies for gear-shaped tools have low versatility and have many problems, such as high processing costs, low efficiency, unstable precision, etc. For example, the gear hobbing cutter relies on a strictly designed and calculated grinding wheel profile for processing. Since the material hardness of the gear hobbing cutter itself is relatively high, the grinding wheel needs to be dressed repeatedly during the grinding process, and the dressing accuracy requirements of the grinding wheel are relatively high, resulting in high processing costs, low efficiency, and unstable processing accuracy. Another example is that in the power honing process, a tooth-shaped diamond roller is required to dress the honing wheel. The accuracy requirements of the tooth-shaped diamond roller are extremely high. There is a layer of artificial diamond plated on its tooth surface, and the hardness is extremely high, and the processing difficulty is extremely great. At present, the manufacturing technology of tooth-shaped diamond rollers has not been broken through in China. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies in the above background art, the present invention proposes a standard involute helicoid equation, which solves the problems of low versatility and high processing costs of the existing processing technologies for gear-shaped tools in the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows: A processing method for a gear-shaped tool includes the following steps: S1: Based on the tooth surface topological modification requirements of the processing object, divide the tooth surface of the processing object into tooth surface grids. In the tooth surface grid, two parameters μ and θ are used to represent its position, and its modified tooth surface equation is the superposition of the standard involute helicoid and the normal deviation of the modified tooth surface.

[0007] S2: Mount the workpiece to be machined on a five-axis machine tool and control the tool axis and the workpiece axis through the five-axis machine tool to achieve machining motion. Decouple the normal deviation vectors of each point on the modified tooth surface of the workpiece to be machined in step S1 along the motion directions of each axis participating in the machining motion of the five-axis machine tool, and generate additional modification motion equations for each axis of any point on the modified tooth surface.

[0008] S3: Control the five-axis machine tool to machine the workpiece to be machined in a non-continuous generating machining manner according to a fixed transmission ratio. During the machining process, according to the tooth surface position of the workpiece to be machined, and based on the additional motion equations of each axis in step S2, achieve high-precision machining and manufacturing of the workpiece to be machined.

[0009] Further preferably, in step S1, according to the standard involute helical tooth surface equation, given two parameters μ and θ, the spatial position g of any point on the tooth surface of the workpiece to be machined is represented as:

[0010] g = f(μ, θ).

[0011] Further preferably, in step S2, the spatial position G of any point on the topological modified tooth surface of the workpiece to be machined is represented by the parameters μ, θ, and the tooth surface normal deviation Δ as:

[0012] G = F(f(μ, θ), Δ) = F(μ, θ, Δ).

[0013] Further preferably, in step S2, the tooth surface machining motion of the workpiece to be machined is a generating machining motion based on an involute helical tooth surface and a compensation machining motion based on a modified tooth surface. The generating machining can be achieved by controlling the relative motion between the machining tool and the workpiece to be machined according to a fixed rolling ratio.

[0014] Further preferably, in the generating machining motion of step S3, the tool on the five-axis machine tool is in point contact with the workpiece to be machined, and the axial width of the tool is less than the width of the rack that meshes with the workpiece to be machined without backlash.

[0015] A machining device for a gear-shaped tool, comprising the above machining method for the gear-shaped tool and a five-axis machine tool. The five-axis machine tool includes a base, on which a worktable that moves in the left-right direction is provided. A workpiece axis that cooperates with the workpiece to be machined is installed on the worktable. A column corresponding to the worktable is further provided on the base. A headstock that moves up and down is provided on the column. A machining head that moves back and forth is provided on the headstock. A tool for modifying the workpiece to be machined is provided on the machining head.

[0016] Further preferably, a tool axis is provided on the machining head, and a tool holder connected to the tool is detachably connected to the tool axis. The tool is a conical tool or a disc-shaped tool.

[0017] Further preferably, a first driving member for driving the machining head to move back and forth is provided on one side of the headstock; a second driving member for driving the headstock to move up and down is provided on one side of the column; and a third driving member for driving the workbench to move left and right is provided on the upper part of the base. The first driving member, the second driving member, and the third driving member are all ball screws.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This method can be applied to different machining processes, and is applicable to both cutting machining and grinding machining. It can be used for gear-shaped tools with modified tooth surfaces to achieve high-precision manufacturing, meet the requirements of high-precision machining, and has great versatility. It fills the domestic manufacturing technology gap of high-precision gear-shaped tools and has high engineering application value. According to the material, structure or process requirements of the workpiece to be machined, a suitable machining tool can be selected according to the machining process requirements, with high versatility and flexibility.

[0019] 2. The method of the present invention can be used to machine gear-shaped tools with topologically modified tooth surfaces. The machining principle is simple and has high reliability. During machining, the modified tooth surface can be regarded as the superposition of the discontinuous generation machining of the standard involute helicoid and the additional compensation movement, and the machining of gear-shaped tools can be realized with a non-modified tool.

[0020] 3. As a finishing tool, gear-shaped tools have extremely high machining accuracy requirements and great machining difficulties. The reason is that the extremely high hardness of the material or the superhard abrasives on the tooth surface are likely to cause the loss of the accuracy of the machining tool, and there are often large deviations in the machining process. Applying the method of the present invention, compensation can be made based on the actual machining deviation of the tooth surface, and there is no strict requirement for the shape accuracy of the tool, so the manufacturing of high-precision gear-shaped tools can be realized.

[0021] 4. There are various modifications of gear tooth surfaces, especially for the gears used in new energy vehicles, the modifications are more complex. Applying the method of the present invention, the machining and manufacturing of gear-shaped tools with any complex topological modification can be realized, and the machining application range is wide. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for description in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the workpiece to be machined by the present invention, where;

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the machining tool and the workpiece to be machined of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a tool;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a topological modification tooth surface mesh division diagram;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the compensation machining principle based on tooth surface modification;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of a machining device;

[0029] Figure 7 It is the usage state of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 8 It is the usage state of the present invention Figure 2 .

[0031] In the figure: 10, base; 20, column; 30, workbench; 301, workpiece shaft; 40, headstock; 50, machining head; 501, tool shaft; 60, tool holder; 70, tool. Specific embodiments

[0032] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] As Figures 1 - 6 shown, in Embodiment 1, a machining method for a gear-shaped tool includes the following steps: S1: Based on the tooth surface topological modification requirements of the machining object 80, where the machining object 80 is a gear-shaped tool, divide the tooth surface of the machining object 80 into a mesh. In the tooth surface mesh, two parametric variables μ and θ are used to represent its position, and its modified tooth surface equation is the superposition of a standard involute helicoid and the normal deviation of the modified tooth surface;

[0034] S2: Install the machining object 80 on a five-axis machine tool and control the tool shaft and the workpiece shaft through the five-axis machine tool to achieve the machining movement, and decouple the normal deviation vectors of each point on the modified tooth surface of the machining object 80 in step S1 along the movement directions of the axes participating in the machining movement of the five-axis machine tool to generate additional modification movement equations for each axis of any point on the modified tooth surface;

[0035] S3: Control the five-axis machine tool to machine the machining object 80 in a non-continuous generating machining manner according to a fixed transmission ratio. During the machining process, according to the tooth surface position of the machined object 80, implement high-precision machining and manufacturing of the machining object 80 based on the additional movement equations of each axis in step S2.

[0036] Specifically, the structural features of the gear-shaped tool are essentially similar to those of a cylindrical gear. The initial structure can be a semi-finished component with tooth profiles pre-formed on its outer circumferential surface or inner circumferential surface. The tooth surfaces G a and G b pre-formed on the semi-finished component can be, but are not limited to, involute tooth surfaces. The gear-shaped tool has the structural features of a cylindrical gear. The left and right tooth surfaces G a and G b can have the feature of equal helix angles or unequal helix angles. The angle between the tooth trace and the axis can be either zero or a certain angle. In addition, the effective areas used by different gear-shaped tools during actual use are also different. For example, for the DDG of a dressing honing wheel, the entire tooth surface is used during actual use. Or for a gear shaper cutter with a tool rake angle, a VSD of a dressing honing wheel, etc., only the end face tooth profile G d is used during actual use. Generally, the manufacturing requirements for the bottom of the tooth groove G c of the gear-shaped tool are not high. The gear-shaped tool can be made of a uniform material, such as a gear shaper cutter made of cemented carbide; further, it can also be made of a uniformly mixed material, such as a grinding wheel made of ordinary abrasive corundum material, a grinding wheel made of superhard material diamond or CBN, etc.; it can also be a non-uniform material, such as a tooth-shaped diamond roller, which has a layer of superhard abrasive diamond or CBN plated on the upper surface of a steel gear-shaped substrate.

[0037] In step S1, according to the standard involute helical tooth surface equation, given two parameters μ and θ, the spatial position g of any point on the tooth surface of the machining object 80 is characterized as: g = f(μ, θ), where f represents a function that maps the parameters μ and 0 to the spatial position on the tooth surface.

[0038] In the said step S2, the spatial position G of any point on the topologically modified tooth surface of the machining object 80 is expressed in terms of the parameters μ, θ, and the tooth surface normal deviation Δ as: G = F(f(μ, θ), Δ) = F(μ, θ, Δ), where F represents a function that maps the points on the standard involute helical tooth surface and the normal deviation to the spatial position on the modified tooth surface.

[0039] In the tooth surface machining motion of the machining object 80 in the said step S2, it is a generating machining motion based on the involute helical tooth surface and a compensating machining motion based on the modified tooth surface. The generating machining can be achieved by controlling the relative motion of the machining tool 70 and the machining object 80 at a fixed rolling ratio. In the generating machining motion of the said step S3, the tool on the five-axis machine tool is in point contact with the machining object 80, and the axial width of the tool is less than the width of the rack that meshes with the machining object 80 without backlash.

[0040] Specifically, as Figure 2 shown, the machining area of one tooth surface is from a radius r m to a radius r n, during the machining process, the effective profile of the cutting tool 70's cross-section is an inclined straight line on the axial cross-section, namely mn. The tool cone angle θ T can be optimized according to the tooth groove structure of the machining object 80. The cross-section of the machining tool 70 along the axis direction is similar to the shape of a rack, but the width is smaller than that of a rack without backlash meshing, and it needs to be optimized according to different machining objects 80 to avoid interference with the tooth surface on the other side when machining one side tooth surface of the tooth groove. The machining tool 70 should have good rigidity to avoid introducing machining errors due to elastic deformation during the machining process.

[0041] Such as Figures 7 - 8 shown in Embodiment 2, a machining device for a gear-shaped tool includes the machining method of the gear-shaped tool in Embodiment 1 and a five-axis machine tool. The five-axis machine tool includes a base 10. A workbench 30 that moves in the left-right direction is provided on the base 10. A workpiece shaft that cooperates with the machining object 80 is installed on the workbench 30. A column 20 corresponding to the workbench 30 is also provided on the base 10. A headstock 50 that moves up and down is provided on the column 20. A machining head that moves back and forth is provided on the headstock 50. A tool for modifying the object 80 to be machined is provided on the machining head.

[0042] In this embodiment, a tool shaft is provided on the machining head 40, and a tool holder 60 connected to the tool is detachably connected to the tool shaft. The tool is a conical tool or a disc tool. A ball screw for driving the tool head to move back and forth is provided on one side of the headstock 50; a ball screw for driving the headstock 50 to move up and down is provided on one side of the column 20; a third driving member for driving the workbench 30 to move left and right is provided on the upper part of the base 10. The first driving member, the second driving member, and the third driving member are all ball screws. By using the cooperation of the ball screw, the tool shaft, and the workpiece shaft, the machining of the machining object is realized, and the machining method is simple, efficient, and has a high progress.

[0043] Embodiment 3, a machining method and a machining device for a gear-shaped tool. The machining method includes the following steps:

[0044] Step 1: Based on the requirements of tooth surface topology modification of the gear-shaped tool, divide the tooth surface grid. Using two parameters μ and θ, describe its modified tooth surface equation as the superposition of the standard involute helicoid and the normal deviation of the modified tooth surface. Step 2: Use a five-axis machine tool to control the tool axis and the workpiece axis to achieve a machining motion similar to that of a rack and a gear. Decouple the normal deviation vectors of each point on the modified tooth surface in Step 1 along the motion directions of each axis participating in the machining motion, generate additional modification motion equations for each axis of any point on the modified tooth surface, and realize the machining motion of the gear-shaped tool's topology-modified tooth surface. Step 3: The machining tool 70 and the workpiece to be machined, i.e., the gear-shaped tool, are processed in a non-continuous generating machining manner according to a fixed transmission ratio. That is, after machining one tooth surface, index to machine the next tooth surface. During the machining process, according to the tooth surface position of the workpiece to be machined 80, perform machining compensation based on the additional motion equations of each axis in Step 2 to achieve high-precision machining and manufacturing of the gear-shaped tool.

[0045] In the generating machining motion, the machining tool 70 is in point contact with the workpiece to be machined 80. The effective profile range of the tool used to complete the machining of the entire tooth surface can be determined by calculation. To achieve high-precision manufacturing of the gear-shaped tool, specifically according to the above machining scheme, the machining tool 70 has the following characteristics: its axial profile is similar to that of a rack, and its width is smaller than that of the rack; it has a high rotational profile accuracy; and it has good rigidity.

[0046] The device using a five-axis CNC machine tool for machining the gear-shaped tool has the function of realizing the following machining motions: the machining device can control the machining tool 70 and the workpiece to be machined 80 to perform non-continuous generating machining motions. The machining tool 70 is machined from the tooth tip to the tooth root direction, and the workpiece to be machined 80 rotates synchronously according to a fixed transmission ratio. During the whole process, the machining tool 70 moves radially and axially relative to the workpiece to be machined 80; the machining device can control the workpiece to be machined 80 to achieve high-precision indexing rotation motion, meeting the requirements of the machining accuracy consistency of multiple tooth surfaces of the workpiece to be machined 80 and the pitch deviation, etc.; the machining device can accurately realize the synchronous compensation of additional motions of each axis according to the current machining position of the workpiece to be machined 80, meeting the machining requirements of complex modified tooth surfaces.

[0047] The structural characteristics of the workpiece to be machined, i.e., the gear-shaped tool, are essentially similar to those of a cylindrical gear. The initial structure can be a semi-finished component with tooth profiles pre-formed on the outer circumferential surface or the inner circumferential surface. The tooth surfaces G a and G b pre-formed on the semi-finished component can be, but are not limited to, involute tooth surfaces.

[0048] The gear-shaped tool has the structural characteristics of a cylindrical gear. The left and right tooth surfaces G a and G bIt can be a feature of equal helix angle or unequal helix angle. The angle between the tooth trace and the axis can be either zero or a certain angle. Additionally, the effective areas used by different gear-shaped tools during actual use are also different. For example, for the DDG of a dressing honing wheel, the entire tooth surface is used during actual use. Or for a gear shaper cutter with a tool rake angle, a VSD of a dressing honing wheel, etc., only the end face tooth profile G is used during actual use. d Generally, gear-shaped tools have relatively low manufacturing requirements for the bottom of the tooth groove G c .

[0049] Gear-shaped tools can be made of a uniform material, such as a gear shaper cutter made of cemented carbide; further, they can also be made of a uniformly mixed material, such as a grinding wheel made of ordinary abrasives like corundum material, a grinding wheel made of superhard materials like diamond or CBN; they can also be made of non-uniform materials, such as a tooth-shaped diamond roller, which has a layer of superhard abrasive like diamond or CBN plated on the upper surface of a steel gear-shaped substrate.

[0050] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 shown is the cross-section of the machining tool. For example, the machining area of one tooth surface is from radius r m to radius r n . During the machining process, the effective profile of the machining tool cross-section is an inclined straight line on the axial cross-section, that is, mn. The tool cone angle θ T can be optimized according to the tooth groove structure of the machining object. The cross-section of the machining tool along the axis direction is similar to the shape of a rack, but the width is smaller than that of a rack without backlash meshing, and it needs to be optimized according to different machining objects to avoid interference with the tooth surface on the other side when machining one side tooth surface of the tooth groove. The machining tool should have good rigidity to avoid introducing machining errors due to elastic deformation during the machining process.

[0051] As Figure 3 shown, the geometric structure of the machining tool can be a conical tool T a or a disc-shaped tool T b . The method for characterizing the modified tooth surface is based on the standard involute helical tooth surface equation. As long as two parameters μ and θ are known, the spatial position of any point on the tooth surface can be characterized, that is,

[0052] g = f(μ, θ)

[0053] In this embodiment, taking Figure 4 a gear-shaped tool with equal helix angles on the left and right tooth surfaces as an example, R cLet \(G\) and \(R\) be the modified involute tooth surface and the standard involute tooth surface respectively. When the tooth surface is meshed, any point on the topologically modified tooth surface can be regarded as the superposition of a point on the standard involute helical tooth surface and the normal deviation of the tooth surface at that point. Based on this principle, the spatial position of any point on the topologically modified tooth surface can be represented by \(\mu\), \(\theta\), and \(\Delta\), that is, \(G = F(f(\mu,\theta),\Delta)=F(\mu,\theta,\Delta)\).

[0054] The above method is also applicable to gear-shaped tools with unequal helix angles on the left and right tooth surfaces.

[0055] The machining method for the tooth surface of the gear-shaped tool can be divided into a generating machining motion based on the involute helical tooth surface and a compensation machining motion based on the modified tooth surface. Among them, the generating machining can be realized by controlling the relative motion of the machining tool and the machining object according to a fixed rolling ratio.

[0056] In this embodiment, with reference to Figure 5 to illustrate the compensation machining principle based on the modified tooth surface. Point \(P\) is on the standard involute helical tooth surface, and its position can be determined by \((\mu P ,\theta P ) respectively. The normal line \(n\) g \(n\) g ' of point \(P\) intersects the modified tooth surface at point \(P'\), and \(\varepsilon\) is the tooth surface deviation vector. The machining of the modified tooth surface can be regarded as the machining of an involute helicoid considering error compensation. There is a tooth surface deviation vector between the involute helical tooth surface and the modified tooth surface in the normal direction. Decouple this vector along the motion direction vectors of each axis participating in the machining, and calculate the additional compensation movement amounts of each axis during machining respectively for compensation, then the machining of the modified tooth surface can be completed.

[0057] Taking the machining point \(P'\) as an example, on the basis of the motion of the generating machining point \(P\), the tooth surface deviation vector \(\varepsilon\) can be decoupled along the \(X\)-axis, \(Y\)-axis, and \(Z\)-axis directions to obtain \(\varepsilon\) x , \(\varepsilon\) y and \(\varepsilon\) z , which are the motion compensation amounts of each axis. Synchronously compensating each axis based on the compensation amounts can complete the machining of point \(P'\).

[0058] The machining device uses a five-axis machine tool as the device for machining the tooth surface of the machining object, and can realize the relative machining motion between the machining tool and the machining object. The machining device consists of a machining tool, a machining object, and multiple components that can realize the relative machining motion between the two.

[0059] In this embodiment, with reference to Figure 6This is to illustrate that the present device can replace machining tools with different geometric shapes to achieve different machining requirements. For example, when using finger-shaped tools, tooth profiles can be machined on cylindrical blanks to achieve rough machining of the tooth surfaces of gear-shaped tool; or a disc-shaped grinding wheel can be used to achieve grinding machining, that is, finish machining of the tooth surfaces of gear-shaped tools. The machining device can be used as a special machine tool for cutting machining or as a special machine tool for grinding machining. The machining device can adopt a vertical structure as the basic structure or can also be applied to a horizontal structure.

[0060] As Figure 6 shown, in this example, the machining device adopts a vertical structure and has three mutually orthogonal moving axes X, Y, and Z. Here, the axis that controls the horizontal movement of the machining object is taken as the X axis, the axis that controls the up and down movement of the machining tool is taken as the Z axis, and the axis that controls the front and back movement of the machining tool is taken as the Y axis. At the same time, the machining device has a workpiece axis and a tool axis that can rotate the machining tool and the machining object.

[0061] In this embodiment, the present device includes a base 10, a column 20, a workbench 30, a machining head 40, and a headstock 50. The base 10 is rectangular in shape and is set on the ground. The workbench 30 is horizontally arranged relative to the base and can reciprocate along the X-axis direction relative to the base. The column 20 is vertically arranged relative to the base. The machining head 40 is arranged on the headstock 50 and can reciprocate along the Y axis relative to the headstock. The headstock 50 is arranged on the column 20 and can reciprocate along the Z-axis guide rail together with the machining head 40. The workbench 30 has a machining object holding device and is set to be able to reciprocate along the X-axis direction relative to the base. An X-axis guide rail is installed on the base, and the moving workbench is driven by a ball screw mechanism. At the same time, the workbench 30 is provided with a rotary motor that can rotate the spindle C of the machining object and an encoder for detecting the rotation angle of the spindle, etc. The rotary motor and the encoder are both conventional existing technologies in gear machining and will not be described in detail here. The workbench 30 can enable the machining object to reciprocate along the X-axis direction relative to the base and rotate around the C g axis. g

[0062] The machining head 40 mainly includes a workpiece spindle device C t , a tool, and a tool holder. The machining head 40 is set to be able to reciprocate along the Y-axis direction relative to the base. Specifically, a pair of Z-axis guide rails are set on the base 10, and the column of the machining head 40 is driven by a ball screw mechanism to reciprocate along the Z-axis direction. The tool holder is arranged on the machining head 40 and can move reciprocally along the Z-axis direction integrally with the machining head 40 and the headstock 50. A pair of Y-axis guide rails are set on the side of the headstock 50 and are driven by a ball screw mechanism to enable the machining head 40 to move reciprocally along the Y-axis direction integrally. The machining tool spindle device is arranged inside the machining head 40 and can reciprocate along the Z-axis and Y-axis directions together with the machining head 40. The machining tool spindle device includes a machining tool spindle C t, the machining tool and the tool holder are installed on the machining tool spindle in a manner that allows for loading and unloading.

[0063] Inside the machining tool spindle assembly, there is a rotating motor that enables the rotation of the machining tool spindle and an encoder for detecting the rotation angle of the machining tool spindle, etc. The machining head 40 can cause the machining tool to perform rotational movement centered on the C t axis and reciprocating movement in the Y-axis and Z-axis directions.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] The machining tool uses a tapered tool to machine the gear-shaped tool tooth surface. Referring to Figure 7 to illustrate the machining movement of the first example. The first example is the cutting machining of the gear-shaped tool tooth surface, which belongs to rough machining and is used for removing a large amount of stock from the blank. The shape of the machining tool T a is conical. The specific machining method is as follows: The machining object is clamped in the Figure 6 way. In this state, the machining tool T a moves reciprocally along the Y-axis above the machining object, and the machining object makes a reciprocating rotational movement in synchronization with the position of the machining tool T a to achieve a relative machining movement that combines generating machining and compensation machining between the machining tool T a and the machining object. At the same time, based on the indexing movement of the C g axis, full tooth surface machining is achieved. At the same time, the machining tool T a can be fed in the X-axis direction to control the tooth thickness of the machining object. The specific machining object can be a hobbing cutter or a shaping cutter with low machining accuracy, etc.

[0066] Example 5

[0067] The machining tool uses a disc-shaped tool to machine the gear-shaped tool tooth surface. Referring to Figure 8 to illustrate the machining movement of the second example. The second example is the grinding machining of the gear-shaped tool tooth surface, which belongs to finish machining to ensure the machining accuracy of the tooth surface. The shape of the machining tool T b is disc-shaped. The specific machining method is as follows: The machining object is clamped in the Figure 6 way. In this state, the machining tool T b moves reciprocally along the Y-axis on the side of the machining object, and the machining object makes a reciprocating rotational movement in synchronization with the position of the machining tool T b to achieve a relative machining movement that combines generating machining and compensation machining between the machining tool T b and the machining object. At the same time, based on the indexing movement of the Cg axis, full tooth surface machining is achieved. In addition, the machining tool T b can be fed in the X-axis direction to control the tooth thickness of the machining object. Specifically, the machining object is used to dress the DDG or VSD of the internal gear honing wheel, and the machining accuracy of this type of tool is relatively high.

[0068] It should be noted that the present invention improves the device components and processing methods, and does not involve the improvement of circuits and control programs. The present invention only controls the operation and stop of the ball screw, workpiece shaft, and tool shaft through an encoder and a rotary motor. Since the encoder, rotary motor, and ball screw are mature devices in the industry, the content of the control program will not be elaborated in the present invention.

[0069] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A processing method of a gear-shaped tool, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1: Based on the tooth surface topological modification requirements of the machining object (80), the tooth surface of the machining object (80) is divided into tooth surface meshes. In the tooth surface meshes, two parameters μ and θ are used to represent their positions, and its modified tooth surface equation is the superposition of the standard involute helicoid and the normal deviation of the modified tooth surface; S2: The machining object (80) is installed on a five-axis machine tool, and the machining movement is realized by controlling the tool axis and the workpiece axis of the five-axis machine tool. The normal deviation vectors of each point on the modified tooth surface of the machining object (80) in step S1 are decoupled along the movement directions of each axis participating in the machining movement of the five-axis machine tool to generate additional modification movement equations for each axis of any point on the modified tooth surface; S3: Control the five-axis machine tool to machine the machining object (80) in a non-continuous generating machining manner according to a fixed transmission ratio. During the machining process, according to the tooth surface position of the machined object (80), high-precision machining and manufacturing of the machining object (80) are realized based on the additional movement equations of each axis in step S2.

2. The machining method of the gear-shaped tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, according to the standard involute helicoid tooth surface equation, given two parameters μ and θ, the spatial position g of any point on the tooth surface of the machining object (80) is characterized as: g = f(μ, θ) 3. The processing method of the gear-shaped tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the spatial position G of any point on the topological modified tooth surface of the machining object (80) is expressed in terms of the parameters μ, θ and the tooth surface normal deviation Δ as: G = F(f(μ, θ), Δ) = F(μ, θ, Δ) 4. The processing method of the gear-shaped tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, the tooth surface machining movement of the machining object (80) is a generating machining movement based on the involute helicoid tooth surface and a compensation machining movement based on the modified tooth surface. The generating machining can be realized by controlling the relative movement of the machining tool (70) and the machining object (80) according to a fixed rolling ratio.

5. The machining method of the gear-shaped tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the generating machining movement of step S3, the machining tool (70) on the five-axis machine tool is in point contact with the machined object (80), and the width of the tool axis (401) is less than the width of the rack that meshes with the machining object (80) without backlash.

6. A processing device for a gear-shaped tool, characterized in that, It includes the machining method of the gear-shaped tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and a five-axis machine tool. The five-axis machine tool includes a base (10), a workbench (30) that moves in the left-right direction is provided on the base (10), a workpiece axis (301) that cooperates with the machining object (80) is installed on the workbench (30), a column (20) corresponding to the workbench (30) is further provided on the base (10), a headstock (50) that moves up and down is provided on the column (20), a machining head (40) that moves back and forth is provided on the headstock (50), and a machining tool (70) for modifying the object to be machined (80) is provided on the machining head (40).

7. The processing device for the gear-shaped tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: A tool holder (60) connected to the machining tool (70) is detachably connected to the tool axis (401) on the machining head (40).

8. The processing device for a gear-shaped tool according to claim 7, characterized in that: The machining tool (70) is a conical tool or a disc tool.

9. The machining device for a gear-shaped tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: One side of the headstock (50) is provided with a first driving member for driving the machining head (40) to move back and forth; one side of the column (20) is provided with a second driving member for driving the headstock (50) to move up and down; the upper part of the base (10) is provided with a third driving member for driving the workbench (30) to move left and right.

10. The processing device for the gear-shaped tool according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first driving member, the second driving member and the third driving member are all ball screws.

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