Belt sander deviation rectifying and tensioning self-adaptive mechanism and method based on ultrasonic detection

Abstract

The invention discloses an abrasive belt machine deviation rectifying and tensioning self-adaptive mechanism and method based on ultrasonic detection. The abrasive belt machine deviation rectifying and tensioning self-adaptive mechanism comprises an abrasive belt, a driving wheel, a grinding wheel, an automatic deviation rectifying and tensioning module, an ultrasonic detection module and a controller. The automatic deviation rectifying and tensioning module comprises a mounting seat, a rotating motor, a tensioning air cylinder, a rotating seat and a tensioning deviation rectifying wheel; the rotating motor drives the rotating seat to rotate, the tensioning deviation rectifying wheel is rotationally connected to the rotating seat, the rotating motor is fixed to the mounting seat, and the tensioning air cylinder drives the mounting seat to linearly reciprocate in the direction parallel to the rotating axis of the rotating seat; the adjustable connecting frame enables the ultrasonic sensor to be arranged above the abrasive belt; the ultrasonic detection module sends ultrasonic waves to the abrasive belt and outputs analog quantity to the controller for processing according to the shielding position of the abrasive belt, the controller sends corresponding instructions to the tensioning air cylinder and the rotating motor according to signals of the ultrasonic detection module, and the tensioning air cylinder and the rotating motor operate step by step to adjust the position and tightness of the abrasive belt.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of a belt sander, and more particularly to an automatic deviation rectification and tensioning adaptive mechanism and control method for a belt sander based on ultrasonic detection. Background Art

[0002] In modern industrial production, as an important grinding and polishing tool, abrasive belts are widely used in many fields such as machining, wood processing, and metal surface treatment. The stability and reliability of abrasive belts during operation have a crucial impact on the processing quality and production efficiency.

[0003] Currently, there are generally problems with deviation rectification and tensioning of abrasive belts during use. On the one hand, traditional deviation rectification of abrasive belts mostly relies on manual adjustment, which is not only inefficient but also difficult to ensure the accuracy of deviation rectification, easily leading to the phenomenon of belt deviation during operation, thereby affecting the quality of the processed surface and even potentially causing damage to the abrasive belt, increasing production costs. Even if some equipment uses simple mechanical deviation rectification devices, their deviation rectification effects are restricted by various factors such as the accuracy of mechanical structures, wear, and the influence of the working environment, and cannot meet the requirements of high-precision processing.

[0004] On the other hand, there are also deficiencies in the tension control of abrasive belts. Existing tensioning methods often achieve tensioning through a fixed tension force and cannot be adjusted in real time according to the actual working state of the abrasive belt and different processing requirements. When the abrasive belt is worn or stretched after long-term use, the fixed tension force may cause the abrasive belt to be too loose or too tight. If the abrasive belt is too loose, it will cause the abrasive belt to vibrate during operation, affecting the processing accuracy; if the abrasive belt is too tight, it will increase the wear rate of the abrasive belt, shorten the service life of the abrasive belt, and may also impose an additional load on the transmission components of the equipment, reducing the reliability of the equipment.

[0005] In addition, with the continuous improvement of industrial automation, the requirements for the automatic control of abrasive belt operation are also getting higher and higher. Existing deviation rectification and tensioning technologies cannot be effectively integrated with automated production lines, making it difficult to achieve real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment of the operating state of abrasive belts, restricting the further improvement of production efficiency.

[0006] Therefore, developing a technology that can achieve automatic deviation rectification and tensioning of abrasive belts and can be adjusted in real time according to the actual working state of the abrasive belt is of great practical significance for improving the performance and processing quality of abrasive belts, reducing production costs, and enhancing the automation level of industrial production. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a lateral deviation rectification device for an abrasive belt of a polishing belt sander that can automatically adjust the position of the abrasive belt.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: an automatic deviation rectifying and tensioning adaptive mechanism for a sanding machine based on ultrasonic detection, including a sand belt, a driving wheel, a grinding wheel, an automatic deviation rectifying and tensioning module, an ultrasonic detection module, and a controller;

[0009] The automatic deviation rectifying and tensioning module includes a mounting seat, a rotating motor, a tensioning cylinder, a rotating seat, and a tensioning and deviation rectifying wheel;

[0010] The rotating motor drives the rotating seat to rotate, the tensioning and deviation rectifying wheel is rotatably connected to the rotating seat, and the rotation axis of the rotating seat is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the tensioning and deviation rectifying wheel;

[0011] The rotating motor is fixed on the mounting seat, and the tensioning cylinder drives the mounting seat to perform linear reciprocating motion along a direction parallel to the rotation axis of the rotating seat;

[0012] The sand belt is wound around the driving wheel, the grinding wheel, and the tensioning and deviation rectifying wheel, and the ultrasonic detection module is arranged at the position where the sand belt passes;

[0013] The ultrasonic detection module includes an adjustable connecting frame and an ultrasonic sensor, and the adjustable connecting frame sets the ultrasonic sensor above the sand belt;

[0014] The ultrasonic detection module sends ultrasonic waves to the sand belt and outputs an analog quantity to the controller for processing according to the position blocked by the sand belt. The controller sends corresponding instructions to the tensioning cylinder and the rotating motor according to the signal of the ultrasonic detection module, and the tensioning cylinder and the rotating motor operate step by step to adjust the position and tightness of the sand belt.

[0015] A preferred technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: the adjustable connecting frame includes a horizontal first optical axis, a vertical second optical axis, and a horizontal third optical axis; the first optical axis and the second optical axis are connected by a first connecting piece, and the axial position and direction of the second optical axis on the first optical axis can be adjusted; the second optical axis and the third optical axis are connected by a second connecting piece and the axial position and direction of the third optical axis on the second optical axis can be adjusted; the ultrasonic sensor is arranged on the third optical axis through a bracket.

[0016] A preferred technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: parallel and opposite U-shaped baffles are arranged on both sides of the ultrasonic sensor, and the sand belt enters the opening groove of the U-shaped baffles.

[0017] The preferred technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: A U-shaped fixing seat is provided on the outer side of one of the U-shaped baffles. A pair of opposed photoelectric detectors for detecting whether the abrasive belt is broken are provided on the outer side of the U-shaped fixing seat, and the opposed photoelectric detectors are respectively located on one arm of the U-shaped fixing seat; the abrasive belt passes between the two opposed photoelectric detectors; the arm is provided with a ventilation passage, and an air outlet hole communicating with the ventilation passage is provided on the outer side wall of the arm, and the air outlet hole faces the opposed photoelectric detector on the corresponding arm.

[0018] The preferred technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: The tensioning and deviation-correcting wheel includes a cylindrical section in the middle and conical sections symmetrically located on both sides, and the diameter of the conical section gradually decreases from the middle to the end.

[0019] The preferred technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: The grinding wheel, the automatic deviation-correcting and tensioning module, and the ultrasonic detection module are arranged on the substrate assembly, and a slide rail is provided on the substrate assembly; a slider is fixed on the mounting seat, and the slider is embedded on the slide rail and linearly slides along the slide rail.

[0020] The preferred technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: A stop block is provided on the mounting seat, and a buffer is provided on the substrate assembly, and the stop block and the buffer cooperate to enable the tensioning cylinder to push the mounting seat in a damping manner.

[0021] The preferred technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: The difference between the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter of the conical section is less than 2.0% of the maximum diameter and greater than 1.0% of the maximum diameter.

[0022] The preferred technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: The width of the cylindrical section is greater than 15% and greater than 20% of the total width of the tensioning and deviation-correcting wheel; a transition section is provided between the cylindrical section and the conical section; the width of the transition section is greater than 1.5% and greater than 2% of the total width of the tensioning and deviation-correcting wheel.

[0023] The preferred technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: The abrasive belt machine self-adaptive deviation-correcting and tensioning method of the abrasive belt machine self-adaptive deviation-correcting and tensioning mechanism based on ultrasonic detection includes the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: The ultrasonic detection module continuously sends ultrasonic waves and outputs an analog quantity according to the situation where the ultrasonic waves are blocked by the abrasive belt.

[0025] Step 2: The ultrasonic detection module continuously sends the analog quantity to the controller.

[0026] Step 3: The controller compares the analog quantity with the preset value to obtain the abrasive belt position data;

[0027] Step 4: The controller outputs an instruction to the tensioning cylinder, and the tensioning cylinder retracts, causing the tensioning and deviation-correcting wheel to retract accordingly, so that the abrasive belt has a deviation-correcting tightness, avoiding breakage of the abrasive belt during the deviation-correcting process;

[0028] Step 5: After the tensioning cylinder reaches the position, the controller outputs a corresponding rotation instruction to the rotating motor according to the abrasive belt position data in Step 3, and the rotating motor rotates to make the tensioning and deviation-correcting wheel rotate around the rotation axis of the rotating seat. An acting force is formed between the tensioning and deviation-correcting wheel and the abrasive belt to drive the abrasive belt to move and change the position of the abrasive belt in its width direction;

[0029] Step 6: The controller outputs an instruction to the tensioning cylinder, and the tensioning cylinder advances to cause the tensioning and deviation-correcting wheel to advance accordingly, thereby tensioning the abrasive belt.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: During the whole process, the ultrasonic detection module automatically corrects the deviation by real-time monitoring and precisely adjusting the position and tightness of the abrasive belt. The automatic deviation-correcting and tensioning module adjusts the position of the abrasive belt through the coordinated work of the tensioning cylinder and the rotating motor, so that the abrasive belt always maintains the best operating state, thereby significantly improving the processing accuracy and meeting the requirements of high-precision processing.

[0031] The automatic deviation-correcting and tensioning module first retracts the tensioning and deviation-correcting wheel to give the abrasive belt the tightness required for deviation correction, then rotates the tensioning and deviation-correcting wheel to generate a lateral frictional force to push the abrasive belt to move, and finally advances to tension the abrasive belt. The whole process is dynamically coherent, avoiding breakage of the abrasive belt due to sudden changes in tension during the deviation-correcting process, and significantly improving the service life of the abrasive belt. Description of the Drawings

[0032] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and preferred embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that these drawings are only drawn for the purpose of explaining the preferred embodiments and should not be used as a limitation to the scope of the present invention. In addition, unless otherwise specified, the drawings only schematically show the composition or structure of the described object and may include exaggerated displays, and the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the abrasive belt machine deviation-correcting and tensioning adaptive mechanism based on ultrasonic detection Figure 1 ;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the abrasive belt machine deviation-correcting and tensioning adaptive mechanism based on ultrasonic detection Figure 2 ;

[0035] Figure 3Schematic decomposition of the deviation rectifying and tensioning adaptive mechanism of a belt sander based on ultrasonic detection Figure 1 ;

[0036] Figure 4 Schematic decomposition of the deviation rectifying and tensioning adaptive mechanism of a belt sander based on ultrasonic detection Figure 2 ;

[0037] Figure 5 Schematic decomposition of the deviation rectifying and tensioning adaptive mechanism of a belt sander based on ultrasonic detection Figure 3 ;

[0038] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the ultrasonic detection module of the deviation rectifying and tensioning adaptive mechanism of a belt sander based on ultrasonic detection;

[0039] Figure 7 Decomposition of the ultrasonic detection module of the deviation rectifying and tensioning adaptive mechanism of a belt sander based on ultrasonic detection Figure 1 ;

[0040] Figure 8 Decomposition of the ultrasonic detection module of the deviation rectifying and tensioning adaptive mechanism of a belt sander based on ultrasonic detection Figure 2 。 Specific implementation manners

[0041] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that these descriptions are only descriptive and exemplary, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0042] It should be noted that: Similar reference numerals denote similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it will not be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed during use. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. And "first" and "second" are only for descriptive convenience and have no other directional meaning, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0044] As Figures 1-5As shown, this embodiment provides an adaptive deviation-correction and tensioning mechanism for a sanding belt machine based on ultrasonic detection. This mechanism aims to address the issues of belt deviation and uncontrollable belt tension during operation in existing sanding belt machines. This device uses ultrasonic detection technology to monitor the position of the sanding belt 1 in real time. Combined with adaptive deviation-correction and tensioning mechanisms, this device enables dynamic adjustment of the sanding belt 1, significantly improving the sanding belt machine's operational stability and machining accuracy.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the ultrasonic detection-based belt machine deviation correction and tensioning adaptive mechanism includes a sanding belt 1, a driving wheel 2, a grinding wheel 3, an automatic deviation correction and tensioning module 4, an ultrasonic detection module 5 and a controller.

[0046] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the automatic deviation-correcting and tensioning module 4 includes a mounting base 41 , a rotating motor 42 , a tensioning cylinder 43 , a rotating base 45 and a tensioning and deviation-correcting wheel 46 .

[0047] A rotating motor 42 drives the rotating base 45. A tensioning and correcting wheel 46 is rotatably connected to the rotating base 45, with the rotating base 45's rotation axis perpendicular to that of the tensioning and correcting wheel 46. The rotating motor 42 is fixed to the mounting base 41. The tensioning cylinder 43 drives the mounting base 41 in a linear reciprocating motion parallel to the rotation axis of the rotating base 45. The abrasive belt 1 is wound around the drive wheel 2, the grinding wheel 3, and the tensioning and correcting wheel 46. An ultrasonic detection module 5 is located where the abrasive belt 1 passes.

[0048] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the ultrasonic detection module 5 includes an adjustable connecting bracket 51 and an ultrasonic sensor 52. The adjustable connecting bracket 51 positions the ultrasonic sensor 52 above the abrasive belt 1. The design of the adjustable connecting bracket 51 allows for flexible positioning of the ultrasonic sensor 52, accommodating abrasive belts 1 of varying widths and thicknesses. This enhances the versatility of the device and broadens its applicability. In this embodiment, the modular design of each component facilitates disassembly and assembly. Key components such as the tensioning cylinder 43 and the rotating motor 42 are externally located for easy maintenance, reducing maintenance costs and downtime.

[0049] In this embodiment, the ultrasonic detection module 5 transmits ultrasonic waves to the abrasive belt 1. Due to the varying positions and states of the abrasive belt 1, the ultrasonic waves are obstructed to varying degrees. The ultrasonic detection module 5 outputs analog signals based on the obstruction position of the abrasive belt 1, which are then processed by the controller. The control unit, the core of the entire mechanism, receives the analog signals from the ultrasonic detection module 5, processes and analyzes them, and then sends corresponding instructions to the tensioning cylinder 43 and rotating motor 42. These two units operate in steps to adjust the position and tension of the abrasive belt 1, thereby achieving precise adaptive control of the position and tension of the abrasive belt 1.

[0050] By means of real-time monitoring and precise adjustment of the position and tightness of the abrasive belt 1, the above mechanism can effectively avoid the influence of the deviation and tightness change of the abrasive belt 1 on the machining accuracy, keep the abrasive belt 1 in the best operating state all the time, thus significantly improving the machining accuracy and meeting the requirements of high-precision machining. The stable operating state of the abrasive belt 1 can ensure the continuity and stability of the machining process, reduce the production interruption and adjustment time caused by problems of the abrasive belt 1, thereby improving the production efficiency, increasing the economic benefits of the enterprise, and at the same time ensuring the personal safety of the operators, creating a safe and stable production environment for the enterprise.

[0051] Specifically, the self-adaptive deviation rectification and tensioning method of the abrasive belt machine based on ultrasonic detection for the self-adaptive deviation rectification and tensioning mechanism of the abrasive belt machine includes the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: The ultrasonic detection module 5 continuously sends ultrasonic waves and outputs an analog quantity according to the situation of the ultrasonic waves being blocked by the abrasive belt 1. In this way, the position information of the abrasive belt 1 can be obtained in real time, providing basic data for subsequent control and adjustment.

[0053] Step 2: The ultrasonic detection module 5 continuously sends the analog quantity to the controller. Ensure that the controller can obtain the position information of the abrasive belt 1 in a timely manner so as to make quick and accurate control decisions.

[0054] Step 3: The controller compares the analog quantity with a preset value to obtain the position data of the abrasive belt 1. By comparing with the preset value, it can accurately judge whether the abrasive belt 1 deviates and the degree of deviation, providing precise guidance for subsequent deviation rectification operations.

[0055] Step 4: The controller outputs an instruction to the tensioning cylinder 43, and the tensioning cylinder 43 retracts so that the tensioning and deviation rectifying wheel 46 retracts accordingly, making the abrasive belt 1 have a deviation rectification tightness to avoid the breakage of the abrasive belt 1 during the deviation rectification process. During the deviation rectification process, first appropriately loosen the abrasive belt 1, which can reduce the friction between the abrasive belt 1 and the tensioning and deviation rectifying wheel 46, reduce the risk of breakage of the abrasive belt 1, and improve the safety and reliability of deviation rectification.

[0056] Step 5: After the tensioning cylinder 43 reaches the position, the controller outputs a corresponding rotation instruction to the rotating motor 42 according to the position data of the abrasive belt 1 in Step 3, and the rotating motor 42 rotates to make the tensioning and deviation rectifying wheel 46 rotate by a certain angle around the rotation axis of the rotating seat 45. A transverse friction force component is generated on the contact surface between the tensioning and deviation rectifying wheel 46 and the abrasive belt 1, and this component force pushes the abrasive belt 1 to move in the opposite direction of the deviation to change the position of the abrasive belt 1 in its width direction, realizing deviation rectification. By precisely controlling the rotation angle of the rotating motor 42, the precise adjustment of the position of the abrasive belt 1 can be realized, ensuring that the abrasive belt 1 always stays in the correct operating position and improving the machining accuracy.

[0057] Step 6: The controller outputs an instruction to the tension cylinder 43, and the tension cylinder 43 advances, causing the tension and deviation correction wheel 46 to advance accordingly, and then tensioning the abrasive belt 1. Timely tensioning the abrasive belt 1 after the deviation correction operation can ensure that the abrasive belt 1 has an appropriate tightness, improving the transmission efficiency and processing quality of the abrasive belt 1.

[0058] During the whole process, the automatic deviation correction and tensioning module 4 works in cooperation with the tension cylinder 43 and the rotating motor 42. First, the tension and deviation correction wheel 46 retreats to give the abrasive belt 1 the tightness required for deviation correction. Then, the tension and deviation correction wheel 46 rotates to generate a lateral frictional force to push the abrasive belt 1 to move. Finally, it advances to tension the abrasive belt 1. The whole process is dynamically coherent, avoiding the breakage of the abrasive belt 1 due to sudden changes in tension during the deviation correction process, and significantly improving the service life of the abrasive belt 1.

[0059] As Figure 3 shown, the tension and deviation correction wheel 46 includes a cylindrical section 461 in the middle and conical sections 462 symmetrically located on both sides. The diameter of the conical section 462 gradually decreases from the middle to the end. The difference between the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter of the conical section 462 is less than 2.0% of the maximum diameter and greater than 1.0% of the maximum diameter. The width of the cylindrical section 461 is greater than 15% and greater than 20% of the total width of the tension and deviation correction wheel 46. A transition section 463 is provided between the cylindrical section 461 and the conical section 462. The width of the transition section 463 is greater than 1.5% and greater than 2% of the total width of the tension and deviation correction wheel 46. The cylindrical section 461 provides a reference contact surface to ensure the transmission stability, ensuring its smooth operation in the middle area, reducing vibration and swing during the polishing process, and improving the polishing quality, while the conical section 462 generates a controllable deviation correction force gradient. The optimal design of the taper of the conical section 462 and the width of the transition section 463 measures the best deviation correction force linearity, avoiding the vibration of the abrasive belt 1 caused by the traditional large cone angle.

[0060] In this embodiment, the total width of the tension and deviation correction wheel 46 is 118 mm, the diameter of the cylindrical section 461 is 150 mm, the width of the cylindrical section 461 is 20 mm, and an arc-shaped transition section 463 with a width of 2 mm is provided between the cylindrical section 461 and the conical section 462. The maximum diameter of the conical section 462 is 149.97 mm, and the minimum diameter is 147.73 mm. The width of the transition section 463 accounts for 17% of the total width of the roller. The transition section 463 effectively eliminates the stress concentration point, reduces local wear, and improves the service life of the abrasive belt 1. The width distribution of a specific ratio makes the speed change rate of the abrasive belt 1 in the transition area ≤ 0.5 m / s 2 , preventing sharp bending damage and preventing the influence of deviation correction on the polishing operation during the process, and improving the polishing quality.

[0061] As Figures 6-8As shown, the adjustable connecting frame 51 includes a horizontal first optical axis 511, a vertical second optical axis 512, and a horizontal third optical axis 513. The first optical axis 511 and the second optical axis 512 are connected by a first connecting member 516, and the axial position of the second optical axis 512 on the first optical axis 511 and the direction of the second optical axis 512 can be adjusted. The second optical axis 512 and the third optical axis 513 are connected by a second connecting member 515, and the axial position of the third optical axis 513 on the second optical axis 512 and the direction of the ultrasonic sensor 52 can be adjusted. The ultrasonic sensor 52 is arranged on the third optical axis 513 through a bracket 514.

[0062] As Figures 6-8 shown, the first connecting member 516 includes a horizontal first fastening hole 501 for the first optical axis 511 to pass through and a vertical second fastening hole 502 for the second optical axis 512 to pass through. The first fastening hole 501 and the second fastening hole 502 are respectively located on both sides of the first connecting member 516. On the side wall of the first connecting member 516, there are provided a first adjusting slit 505 communicating with the first fastening hole 501 and a second adjusting slit 506 communicating with the second fastening hole 502. The extending direction of the first adjusting slit 505 is the same as the extending direction of the first fastening hole 501, and the extending direction of the second adjusting slit 506 is the same as the extending direction of the second fastening hole 502. The first adjusting slit 505 and the second adjusting slit 506 are respectively used to adjust the aperture diameters of the first fastening hole 501 and the second fastening hole 502. The adjusting slit structure facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the fasteners, reduces the maintenance time, and improves the equipment utilization rate.

[0063] Similarly, the second connecting member 515 includes a vertical third fastening hole 503 for the second optical axis 512 to pass through and a horizontal fourth fastening hole 504 for the third optical axis 513 to pass through. The third fastening hole 503 and the fourth fastening hole 504 are respectively located on both sides of the second connecting member 515. On the side wall of the second connecting member 515, there are provided a third adjusting slit 507 communicating with the third fastening hole 503 and a fourth adjusting slit 508 communicating with the fourth fastening hole 504. The extending direction of the third adjusting slit 507 is the same as the extending direction of the third fastening hole 503, and the extending direction of the fourth adjusting slit 508 is the same as the extending direction of the fourth fastening hole 504. The third adjusting slit 507 and the fourth adjusting slit 508 are respectively used to adjust the aperture diameters of the third fastening hole 503 and the fourth fastening hole 504. The adjusting slit structure facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the fasteners, reduces the maintenance time, and improves the equipment utilization rate.

[0064] Rotate the first connecting member 516 around the first optical axis 511 to change the direction of the second optical axis 512, and then by rotating the second connecting member 515, the position of the ultrasonic sensor 52 relative to the abrasive belt 1 can be changed. The unique adjustment slot design of the first connecting member 516 and the second connecting member 515 makes the installation and disassembly of the optical axis convenient. Only by loosening the fastening bolts can the position and direction be adjusted, improving the debugging efficiency. The operator can quickly position the ultrasonic sensor 52 to the optimal monitoring position, shortening the equipment debugging cycle. This multi-dimensional adjustable structure design enables the best matching between the ultrasonic sensor 52 and the abrasive belt 1 to be achieved through simple adjustment operations, thus greatly improving the versatility and flexibility of the equipment. It can adapt to different specifications of the abrasive belt 1 and installation environments, significantly enhancing the equipment versatility. Based on this, by precisely adjusting the position and direction of the ultrasonic sensor 52, the optimal detection distance and angle between it and the abrasive belt 1 can be ensured, thereby improving the detection accuracy and efficiency. At the same time, due to the high versatility and flexibility of the device, it can adapt to changes in different processing requirements, further enhancing the overall processing efficiency and product quality.

[0065] Preferably, the first connecting member 516 and the second connecting member 515 are made of high-strength alloy materials, having excellent wear resistance and anti-deformation ability. In addition, the ultrasonic sensor 52 is stably arranged on the third optical axis 513 through a special bracket, further enhancing the stability and reliability of the entire device. The device structure in this embodiment is clear, and the modular design makes each component easy to disassemble and replace. When upgrading or replacing components, only the corresponding components need to be operated to complete, without large-scale disassembly or transformation of the entire device, greatly reducing the maintenance cost and upgrading difficulty.

[0066] As Figures 6-8 shown, parallel and opposite U-shaped baffles 53 are provided on both sides of the ultrasonic sensor 52, and the abrasive belt 1 enters the open groove of the U-shaped baffle 53. The U-shaped baffle 53 is appropriately extended in the horizontal direction according to the width and running track of the abrasive belt 1, and the inner contour line of the U-shaped baffle 53 exceeds the ultrasonic sensor 52, ensuring that the abrasive belt 1 is always located within the safe area of the U-shaped baffle 53 during operation, effectively avoiding the collision between the abrasive belt 1 and the ultrasonic sensor 52 due to vibration, offset, etc. during operation, thus protecting the safety of the ultrasonic sensor 52, extending its service life, and reducing the maintenance cost. The open groove formed by the U-shaped baffle 53 provides an accurate guiding path for the abrasive belt 1, ensuring that the abrasive belt 1 maintains a stable track during operation, improving the use efficiency and processing accuracy of the abrasive belt 1. At the same time, the selection of wear-resistant and high-strength materials for the U-shaped baffle 53 also ensures its long-term use reliability and stability.

[0067] As Figures 6-8As shown in the figure, a U-shaped fixing seat 54 is provided outside a U-shaped baffle 53, and a pair of opposed photoelectric detectors 55 for detecting whether the abrasive belt 1 is broken are provided outside the U-shaped fixing seat 54. An opposed photoelectric detector 55 is respectively installed on each arm 541 of the U-shaped fixing seat 54, and the opposed photoelectric detector 55 is used to monitor the running state of the abrasive belt 1 in real time. During the running process of the abrasive belt 1, it just passes between the two opposed photoelectric detectors 55 to form a detection light path. The opposed photoelectric detector 55 adopts a high-precision and high-sensitivity photoelectric sensor, which can accurately capture the signal change of whether the abrasive belt 1 is broken. When the abrasive belt 1 runs normally, the light path between the opposed photoelectric detectors 55 is blocked by the abrasive belt 1, and the sensor outputs a normal signal; once the abrasive belt 1 breaks, the light path is restored to unobstructed, and the sensor immediately detects this change and outputs an abnormal signal to trigger the subsequent protection mechanism. Once the abrasive belt 1 breaks, the system can respond quickly and take protection measures in time to avoid equipment damage or safety accidents.

[0068] Both arms 541 are provided with ventilation channels 401, and air outlet holes 402 communicating with the ventilation channels 401 are provided on the outer side wall of the arm 541. The air outlet holes 402 face the opposed photoelectric detector 55 on the corresponding arm. The air outlet holes 402 can not only blow the surface of the opposed photoelectric detector 55 regularly by compressed air, effectively remove dust and oil stains, realize the cleaning function, ensure the detector sensitivity, and reduce the false alarm rate; but also form an effective heat dissipation channel, which helps to reduce the heat generated by the opposed photoelectric detector 55 during long-term operation and extend its service life.

[0069] As Figures 1-5 As shown in the figure, the grinding wheel 3, the automatic deviation correction and tensioning module 4, and the ultrasonic detection module 5 are arranged on the substrate assembly 6, and a slide rail 7 is provided on the substrate assembly 6. A slider 411 is fixed on the mounting seat 41, and the slider 411 is embedded in the slide rail 7 and slides linearly along the slide rail 7. The precise fit between the slide rail 7 and the slider 411 ensures that the mounting seat 41 moves linearly along a predetermined trajectory, provides a stable basis for the precise tensioning and deviation correction of the abrasive belt 1, and ensures the smooth realization of the tensioning function.

[0070] As Figures 3-4 As shown in the figure, a stop block 412 is provided on the mounting seat 41, and a buffer (not shown in the figure) is provided on the substrate assembly 6. The buffer is arranged on the buffer bracket 413. When the tensioning cylinder 43 pushes the mounting seat 41 to slide along the slide rail 7, the stop block and the buffer interact to form a damped propulsion effect. This design not only slows down the moving speed of the mounting seat 41, avoids equipment damage caused by excessive impact force, but also makes the adjustment of the tensioning force more stable and accurate.

[0071] The belt sander deviation rectifying and tensioning adaptive mechanism and method based on ultrasonic detection provided by the present invention are introduced. Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the present invention and its core idea. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can still be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic deviation rectifying and tensioning adaptive mechanism for a sanding machine based on ultrasonic detection, characterized in that: It includes a sand belt, a driving wheel, a grinding wheel, an automatic deviation rectifying and tensioning module, an ultrasonic detection module and a controller; The automatic deviation rectifying and tensioning module includes a mounting seat, a rotating motor, a tensioning cylinder, a rotating seat and a tensioning and deviation rectifying wheel; The rotating motor drives the rotating seat to rotate, the tensioning and deviation rectifying wheel is rotatably connected to the rotating seat, and the rotation axis of the rotating seat is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the tensioning and deviation rectifying wheel; The rotating motor is fixed on the mounting seat, and the tensioning cylinder drives the mounting seat to linearly reciprocate in a direction parallel to the rotation axis of the rotating seat; The sand belt is wound around the driving wheel, the grinding wheel and the tensioning and deviation rectifying wheel, and the ultrasonic detection module is arranged at the position where the sand belt passes; The ultrasonic detection module includes an adjustable connecting frame and an ultrasonic sensor, and the adjustable connecting frame sets the ultrasonic sensor above the sand belt; The ultrasonic detection module sends ultrasonic waves to the sand belt and outputs an analog quantity to the controller for processing according to the position where the sand belt is blocked. The controller sends corresponding instructions to the tensioning cylinder and the rotating motor according to the signal of the ultrasonic detection module, and the tensioning cylinder and the rotating motor operate step by step to adjust the position and tightness of the sand belt.

2. The deviation rectifying and tensioning adaptive mechanism of the abrasive belt machine based on ultrasonic detection according to claim 1, wherein: The adjustable connecting frame includes a horizontal first optical axis, a vertical second optical axis and a horizontal third optical axis; the first optical axis and the second optical axis are connected by a first connecting piece, and the axial position of the second optical axis on the first optical axis and the direction of the second optical axis can be adjusted; the second optical axis and the third optical axis are connected by a second connecting piece and the axial position of the third optical axis on the second optical axis and the direction of the third optical axis can be adjusted; the ultrasonic sensor is arranged on the third optical axis through a bracket.

3. The deviation rectifying and tensioning self - adapting mechanism of the abrasive belt machine based on ultrasonic detection according to claim 1, wherein: Parallel and opposite U-shaped baffles are arranged on both sides of the ultrasonic sensor, and the sand belt enters the opening groove of the U-shaped baffles.

4. The belt sander deviation rectifying and tensioning adaptive mechanism based on ultrasonic detection according to claim 3, characterized in that: A U-shaped fixing seat is arranged outside one of the U-shaped baffles, and a pair of opposed photoelectric detectors for detecting whether the sand belt is broken are arranged outside the U-shaped fixing seat. The opposed photoelectric detectors are respectively located on one arm of the U-shaped fixing seat; the sand belt passes between the two opposed photoelectric detectors; the arm is provided with a ventilation hole passage, and an air outlet hole communicating with the ventilation hole passage is arranged on the outer side wall of the arm, and the air outlet hole faces the opposed photoelectric detector on the corresponding arm.

5. The deviation rectifying and tensioning adaptive mechanism of the abrasive belt machine based on ultrasonic detection according to claim 1, wherein: The tensioning and deviation rectifying wheel includes a cylindrical section in the middle and conical sections symmetrically located on both sides, and the diameter of the conical section gradually decreases from the middle to the end.

6. The deviation rectifying and tensioning self-adaptive mechanism of a belt sander based on ultrasonic detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding wheel, the automatic deviation rectifying and tensioning module and the ultrasonic detection module are arranged on a substrate assembly, and a slide rail is arranged on the substrate assembly; a slider is fixed on the mounting seat, and the slider is embedded in the slide rail and linearly slides along the slide rail.

7. The deviation rectifying and tensioning adaptive mechanism of the abrasive belt machine based on ultrasonic detection according to claim 6, characterized in that: A stop block is arranged on the mounting seat, and a buffer is arranged on the substrate assembly. The stop block and the buffer cooperate to make the tensioning cylinder push the mounting seat in a damping manner.

8. The deviation rectifying and tensioning self-adaptive mechanism of the abrasive belt machine based on ultrasonic detection according to claim 6, characterized in that: The difference between the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter of the conical section is less than 2.0% of the maximum diameter and greater than 1.0% of the maximum diameter.

9. The deviation rectifying and tensioning adaptive mechanism of the abrasive belt machine based on ultrasonic detection according to claim 8, wherein: The width of the cylindrical section is greater than 15% and greater than 20% of the total width of the tensioning and deviation-correcting wheel; a transition section is provided between the cylindrical section and the conical section; the width of the transition section is greater than 1.5% and greater than 2% of the total width of the tensioning and deviation-correcting wheel.

10. The sand belt machine self - adaptive deviation rectifying and tensioning method of the ultrasonic - detection - based sand belt machine deviation rectifying and tensioning self - adaptive mechanism according to any one of claims 1 - 9, characterized in that Comprising the following steps: Step 1: The ultrasonic detection module continuously sends ultrasonic waves and outputs an analog quantity according to the situation where the ultrasonic waves are blocked by the abrasive belt. Step 2: The ultrasonic detection module continuously sends the analog quantity to the controller. Step 3: The controller compares the analog quantity with a preset value to obtain the abrasive belt position data. Step 4: The controller outputs an instruction to the tensioning cylinder, and the tensioning cylinder retracts so that the tensioning and deviation-correcting wheel retracts accordingly, enabling the abrasive belt to have a deviation-correcting tightness to avoid breakage of the abrasive belt during the deviation-correcting process. Step 5: After the tensioning cylinder reaches the position, the controller outputs a corresponding rotation instruction to the rotating motor according to the abrasive belt position data in Step 3, and the rotating motor rotates to cause the tensioning and deviation-correcting wheel to rotate around the rotation axis of the rotating seat, and a force is formed between the tensioning and deviation-correcting wheel and the abrasive belt to drive the abrasive belt to move and change the position of the abrasive belt in its width direction. Step 6: The controller outputs an instruction to the tensioning cylinder, and the tensioning cylinder advances so that the tensioning and deviation-correcting wheel advances accordingly, thereby tensioning the abrasive belt.

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