Self-lubricating grinding wheel based on cactus-imitating microstructure and preparation method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of grinding wheel with bionic self-lubricating structure and its preparation method, suitable for green processing conditions such as dry grinding or semi-dry grinding.The abrasive layer surface of the grinding wheel is constructed with a microstructure network simulating the "point-groove composite" of cactus skin, wherein the point-like micropores are used to embed and store solid lubricant, and the flow guide groove is used to guide the directional flow of external cooling medium during grinding, to carry away the heat and grinding dust generated during grinding.The microstructure is preferably processed by water-guided laser, the lubricant is prepared in the form of slurry, and is precisely deposited in the micropore by 3D printing, and after drying and curing, a dense solid lubricating layer is formed.During actual grinding, the lubricant is slowly released under the action of heat and shear, and diffuses to the contact area along the groove path to form a stable lubricating film.The structure grinding wheel has certain chip space and self-sharpening at the same time, which can reduce abrasive particle blockage and passivation, prolong the service life of the grinding wheel, and improve the grinding efficiency and processing stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grinding technology, specifically to a self-lubricating grinding wheel based on a cactus-inspired lubrication microstructure and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Grinding is a crucial process for achieving high surface and dimensional accuracy in precision manufacturing, especially indispensable in aerospace, precision mold making, and high-end equipment manufacturing. However, traditional grinding wheels suffer from poor self-sharpening properties, leading to severe abrasive wear. Simultaneously, the bonding agent softens upon heating, causing loss of wheel profile accuracy, forcing frequent machine stops for wheel dressing, severely reducing production efficiency and increasing maintenance costs. Furthermore, insufficient chip removal channels cause grinding debris to remain at the wheel-workpiece interface, exacerbating secondary abrasive wear and causing surface scratches. To mitigate thermal damage, the industry has long relied on external coolants for forced cooling. However, the toxic waste generated by the evaporation of mineral oil-based coolants at high temperatures not only pollutes the environment but also significantly increases processing costs due to its recycling and treatment. While dry grinding without coolant avoids chemical pollution, it leads to a sharp increase in grinding zone temperature and a multiplied wheel wear rate, inevitably causing workpiece surface quality deterioration. Ultimately, this creates an irreconcilable contradiction between deteriorated processing quality and reduced process sustainability.

[0003] Patent CN117001554A proposes a composite grinding wheel based on the biomimetic principles of desert beetles and rice leaves. Addressing the low efficiency of cooling medium transport on the surface of traditional grinding wheels, it achieves directional delivery and efficient heat dissipation of grinding fluid through a biomimetic superhydrophobic surface combined with biomimetic hydrophilic abrasive clusters, significantly improving grinding cooling performance. Patent CN114193342A designs a composite grinding wheel based on the biomimetic principles of grass carp scales and plant foliage. Through synergistic optimization of biomimetic morphology and arrangement, it overcomes the bottlenecks of uneven grinding fluid distribution, insufficient heat dissipation, and chip blockage caused by air barriers in traditional grinding wheels, significantly improving grinding efficiency and processing quality. While these two patents introduce biomimetic structures to optimize the flow and heat dissipation paths of grinding fluid, improving the cooling performance of traditional grinding wheels to some extent, they still fundamentally rely on external grinding fluid systems and remain within the wet processing mode, making it difficult to meet the development needs of "liquid-free or liquid-free" processing in green manufacturing.

[0004] Patent GB962218A discloses a self-lubricating, self-sleeving grinding wheel design. Grooves are created on the wheel surface, and lubricating wax blocks are inserted into these grooves. During grinding, heat forces the wax blocks to release lubricant, reducing friction. The groove structure also assists in the self-detachment of abrasive grains, achieving a certain degree of self-sharpening. However, the melting point of wax blocks is generally between 50-90°C. During high-speed grinding, the accumulated heat can reach several hundred degrees Celsius, easily causing the wax blocks to melt rapidly and be excessively consumed, leading to uncontrollable lubricant release. Therefore, this design has significant limitations in applicability under high-temperature, high-speed grinding conditions and fails to meet the demands of modern high-efficiency grinding processes.

[0005] Patent CN115741506A discloses a high-strength, low-burn resin-based self-lubricating grinding wheel and its preparation method. The wheel is composed of resin binder, reinforcing fibers, self-lubricating powder, self-lubricating composite filler, and abrasive. The preparation process involves drying the raw materials, surface modification of the functional filler, reinforcing fibers, self-lubricating powder, and abrasive, mixing the materials, and then pre-pressing and curing them. This grinding wheel achieves lubrication and friction reduction, lowers grinding temperature, and improves workpiece surface quality by releasing the self-lubricating components at the grinding interface. While this patent uses an integral mixing method to incorporate the self-lubricating components into the grinding wheel, the lubricant distribution is uncontrollable during the grinding process, making it difficult to achieve on-demand release. Furthermore, lubricant adulteration may affect the mechanical properties and bonding strength of the resin matrix, posing a risk of reduced strength or compromised structural stability.

[0006] In summary, despite various structural optimizations and material modifications at the lubrication and cooling levels, existing technologies still suffer from common problems such as limited applicability, uncontrollable functional release, and insufficient adaptability to green processing. While some biomimetic grinding wheels optimize the liquid flow path, they still rely on external coolants; solid-lubricated structures, due to release lag or insufficient thermal stability, struggle to adapt to the complex grinding environment of high speed and high temperature; and while integrally mixed self-lubricating grinding wheels exhibit some film-forming effect, they lack structural control capabilities and may affect the performance of the grinding wheel matrix. Therefore, a novel grinding wheel solution with precise and controllable lubrication, synergistic cooling flow, and integrated structure and function is urgently needed to meet the development needs of green and efficient grinding manufacturing. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, this invention discloses a self-lubricating grinding wheel based on a cactus-inspired lubrication-guiding microstructure and its preparation method. Specifically, it is a biomimetic cactus-structured grinding wheel suitable for dry or semi-dry grinding conditions, possessing lubricant slow-release capability and self-sharpening function. A surface groove structure is prepared using water-guided laser precision machining technology, and solid lubricant is precisely deposited into the grooves using 3D printing technology, achieving structural integration of lubrication function.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a self-lubricating grinding wheel based on a cactus-inspired lubrication microstructure, comprising a grinding wheel substrate and an abrasive layer. The abrasive layer is provided with micropores and flow-guiding grooves. The micropores are arranged in a regular lattice along the circumferential and axial directions of the grinding wheel. The flow-guiding grooves are arranged along the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel, which can conform to the surface flow field formed when the grinding wheel rotates, effectively guiding the cooling medium to diffuse along the rotation path, improving the coolant coverage and heat dissipation efficiency. Therefore, the flow-guiding grooves are arranged along the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel and are located between adjacent micropores. Lubricating slurry is deposited in the micropores. After the lubricating slurry solidifies, it forms a firmly adhered solid lubricating layer in the micropores. The solid lubricating layer is basically flush with the surface of the abrasive layer. The flow-guiding grooves serve as flow channels for the external cooling medium.

[0010] This invention proposes a grinding wheel with a point-line composite structure network formed on the outer surface of its abrasive layer through water-guided laser processing, simulating the water collection and guiding mechanism of a cactus epidermis. The point-like micropores are used to embed and store solid lubricant, while the linear groove structure guides the external cooling medium to diffuse along the groove path during the grinding wheel's rotation, effectively removing processing heat, preventing excessive temperature accumulation in the grinding zone, and also providing chip removal and stress concentration induction functions, assisting in abrasive grain self-sharpening. In this invention, the micropores and groove structure work together to form a dual complementary system of lubricant slow release and coolant guidance. Solid lubricant preferentially fills the interior of the micropores. On the one hand, the micropores provide encapsulation and support, preventing premature peeling or rapid loss of lubricant under coolant scouring; on the other hand, the micropore structure maintains a stable lubricating film in the grinding contact area by slowly releasing lubricating components. In contrast, if the lubricant is directly filled into the grooves, the lubricating layer is easily eroded and damaged during coolant injection, and the flow channels in the grooves are blocked after lubricant filling, preventing the coolant from flowing smoothly, resulting in a significant decrease in cooling efficiency and hindering grinding heat control. Therefore, this invention achieves dynamic complementarity and mutual promotion of lubrication and cooling functions by independently storing lubricant in micropores and retaining grooves as dedicated channels for cooling medium, significantly improving grinding performance, processing stability, and grinding wheel life. The solid lubricating layer of this invention is activated by heat or shear during grinding, forming a stable and continuous lubricating film in the workpiece contact area. This effectively reduces the friction coefficient in the grinding area, inhibits thermal cracking and adhesion blockage, improves the surface quality of the workpiece, and extends the service life of the grinding wheel.

[0011] As a further technical solution, the micropores are arranged irregularly.

[0012] As a further technical solution, the grooves are distributed in a ring or spiral shape along the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel.

[0013] As a further technical solution, the groove is a rectangular groove, a V-shaped groove, or a composite groove.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for processing a self-lubricating grinding wheel based on a cactus-inspired lubrication microstructure, as follows:

[0015] Step 1 involves surface texturing of the abrasive layer of the existing grinding wheel to form multiple dot-shaped micropores and several flow-guiding grooves;

[0016] Step 2: Prepare the lubricating coating;

[0017] Step 3 involves precisely depositing the prepared lubricant slurry into the micropores of the grinding wheel using 3D printing, followed by room temperature drying to form a solid lubricant layer with good adhesion and long-lasting stability on the surface of the micropores.

[0018] In step 1 of the present invention, water-guided laser technology is used to process micro-holes and flow-guiding grooves. Compared with traditional laser ablation, water-guided laser uses high-speed water flow as the laser transmission medium, which can not only simultaneously cool the workpiece surface during laser processing, significantly reduce the heat-affected zone, and prevent thermal damage, ablation, or crack propagation of the abrasive layer; at the same time, compared with high-pressure water jet processing alone, water-guided laser has higher focusing accuracy and energy density, and can achieve high-precision texturing processing at the micron scale, ensuring that the micro-hole and groove structure is accurate in size and the edges are clean and smooth, thus improving the controllability and consistency of the overall functional structure of the grinding wheel.

[0019] As a further technical solution, the preparation method of the lubricating coating in step 2 is as follows:

[0020] Solid lubricant, binder and dispersant are added to a container containing polar solvent in a certain proportion. After high-speed stirring, a uniform lubricating slurry is formed. The slurry is then placed in a vacuum environment for degassing treatment to obtain a composite lubricating coating that can be coated into the groove of a grinding wheel.

[0021] Optionally, the solid lubricant may include one or more of molybdenum disulfide, graphite, boron nitride, tungsten sulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, or graphene, which have good friction-reducing, high-temperature resistance, or lubrication properties and are suitable for forming a stable lubricating film during grinding.

[0022] Optionally, the binder is a high-temperature thermosetting material, preferably epoxy resin or polyimide, used to enhance the adhesion and thermal stability of the lubricating coating, ensuring that the lubricating film exists stably in the high-temperature grinding environment.

[0023] Optionally, the dispersant is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or ethyl cellulose (EC) to improve the dispersion uniformity of the components in the lubricant slurry, prevent the agglomeration of lubricating particles, and help form a uniform and continuous coating layer.

[0024] Optionally, the solvent is anhydrous ethanol or other polar solvents suitable for organic lubrication systems, used to adjust the flow properties of the lubricant slurry.

[0025] As a further technical solution, the micropores and flow grooves on the surface of the abrasive layer in step 1 are processed using a water-guided laser beam.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. This invention utilizes a synergistic structure of micropores and flow-guiding grooves on the surface of the grinding wheel. The micropores are used to embed and store solid lubricant, while the flow-guiding grooves are dedicated to guiding the flow of cooling medium, effectively achieving dynamic complementarity between lubricant slow release and cooling of the grinding zone. This design avoids the problem of lubricant premature stripping due to erosion by the cooling medium, while ensuring continuous flow of the cooling medium and timely heat dissipation, significantly extending the lubricant's service life, reducing grinding temperature rise, and improving the lubrication performance, cooling efficiency, and overall service life of the grinding wheel. It is particularly suitable for green and efficient manufacturing scenarios such as dry grinding or low-liquid grinding. Specifically, in this invention, the grooves and micropores not only function independently but also achieve dual synergy of lubricant slow release and cooling medium guidance through complementary structural design. Solid lubricant stored inside the micropores provides a lubricating film coverage in the early stages of grinding, while the grooves guide the flow of external cooling medium (such as water, liquid nitrogen, etc.) along the grinding wheel surface. During grinding, the localized heat generated by the release of lubricant can be promptly carried away by the cooling medium flowing within the groove, preventing overheating and failure of the lubricant layer, maintaining the stability of the lubricating film, and thus achieving dynamic complementarity between lubrication and cooling functions, improving overall grinding performance. If the lubricant is directly filled into the groove, when the nozzle sprays out the cooling medium, on the one hand, the liquid flow can easily directly wash away the groove, causing the lubricant layer to peel off prematurely or swell and fall off, resulting in lubrication failure; on the other hand, if the groove is filled with lubricant, the cooling medium (such as water or liquid nitrogen) cannot flow quickly along the groove, significantly reducing cooling efficiency. Micropores are small, and the pore walls effectively protect the lubricant from being directly washed away by the water flow. The release of lubricating components is a slow diffusion, less affected by coolant impact, greatly extending the working life of the lubricant.

[0028] 2. The grooves and micropores in this invention are preferably formed using water-guided laser processing, which offers high processing precision, a small heat-affected zone, and good edge integrity. This method is suitable for various types of bonded grinding wheels, achieving highly consistent manufacturing of structured abrasive surfaces. Utilizing 3D printing to precisely deposit lubricant into the micropores allows for fully automated control of the lubricant coating deposition process, significantly improving coating quality and product consistency, making it suitable for industrial-scale mass production. This invention, through the synergistic integration of water-guided laser microstructure processing, biomimetic structural configuration, and 3D printing precision deposition, proposes a green functional grinding wheel integrating lubrication, cooling, and self-sharpening functions, making it particularly suitable for efficient and environmentally friendly manufacturing scenarios such as dry or semi-dry grinding. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the water-guided laser processing grinding wheel structure in an example of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the unfolded biomimetic lubrication structure of the grinding wheel abrasive layer in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lubricating slurry preparation process in an example of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of lubricant being deposited on the surface of a grinding wheel by 3D printing in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the abrasive layer after lubricant deposition and curing in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a self-lubricating grinding wheel grinding a workpiece in an example of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the biomimetic lubrication structure of the grinding wheel abrasive layer in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the unfolded biomimetic lubrication structure of the grinding wheel abrasive layer in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0037] Among them, 1. grinding wheel substrate, 2. water-guided laser beam, 3. abrasive layer, 4. water-guided nozzle, 5. water flow, 6. laser window, 7. focusing lens, 8. laser beam, 9. micropore, 10. flow guide groove, 11. mixed solution, 12. solid lubricant powder, 13. 3D printing device nozzle, 14. lubricating slurry, 15. solid lubricating layer, 16. workpiece, 17. cooling medium nozzle, 18. cooling medium. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the examples. These examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0039] As described in the background section, traditional grinding processes typically rely on external cooling lubricants to reduce grinding heat and friction. However, this leads to environmental pollution and uneven lubrication coverage, hindering the promotion of efficient and green manufacturing. Furthermore, ordinary grinding wheels require frequent downtime for dressing after becoming dull, impacting processing efficiency and reducing automation levels. To address these issues, this invention provides a biomimetic grinding wheel integrating lubrication and self-sharpening capabilities. The biomimetic self-lubricating grinding wheel in this embodiment is inspired by the microstructural features of a cactus epidermis. This grinding wheel is particularly suitable for green machining conditions such as dry or semi-dry grinding, which do not require large amounts of grinding fluid, offering multiple advantages including long-lasting lubrication, efficient fluid diversion, and strong self-sharpening ability.

[0040] Specifically, the self-lubricating grinding wheel based on a cactus-inspired lubrication microstructure disclosed in this embodiment includes a grinding wheel substrate 1 and an abrasive layer 3. The abrasive layer 3 is provided with a plurality of micropores 9 arranged along the circumferential and radial directions of the grinding wheel, and flow-guiding grooves 10 arranged along the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel. Lubricating slurry is deposited in the micropores 9. After the lubricating slurry solidifies, it forms a firmly attached solid lubricating layer 15 in the micropores 9. The solid lubricating layer 15 is basically flush with the surface of the abrasive layer 3. Because the micropores 9 are small, the pore walls can effectively protect the lubricant from being directly washed away by the water flow. When the lubricating components are released, they diffuse slowly and are less affected by the impact of the coolant, which greatly extends the working life of the lubricant. The flow-guiding grooves 10 serve as flow channels for external cooling media. The solid lubricant is stored inside the micropores 9 and can provide a lubricating film coverage in the early stage of grinding, while the grooves guide the external cooling media (such as water, liquid nitrogen, etc.) to flow along the surface of the grinding wheel. During the grinding process, the localized heat generated by the release of lubricant can be promptly carried away by the cooling medium flowing within the groove, preventing overheating and failure of the lubricating layer, maintaining the stability of the lubricating film, and thus achieving dynamic complementarity between lubrication and cooling functions, thereby improving overall grinding performance. The grinding wheel in this embodiment is particularly suitable for green machining conditions such as dry grinding or semi-dry grinding, which do not require the use of large amounts of grinding fluid, and has multiple advantages such as long-lasting lubrication, efficient flow guidance, and strong self-sharpening ability. In this embodiment, the groove and micro-hole 9 not only function independently, but also achieve dual synergy of lubricant slow release and cooling medium flow guidance through complementary structural design.

[0041] like Figure 1As shown, the abrasive layer 3 of the grinding wheel is first prepared with a biomimetic texture. This invention constructs a "point-groove composite structure" on the surface of the abrasive layer 3, mimicking the skin of a cactus, including multiple micropores 9 and several circumferentially distributed flow-guiding grooves 10. Specifically, the micropores 9 mimic the papillae structure of a cactus, used to collect and store lubricant; the flow-guiding grooves 10 mimic the longitudinal grooves of a cactus skin, used to guide the directional flow of external cooling medium; the micropores 9 and the flow-guiding grooves 10 together construct a biomimetic lubrication network, effectively improving the slow-release stability of the lubricant and preventing excessively high grinding temperatures. This biomimetic structure also provides a certain chip-holding space during grinding and induces microcrack propagation at the edges of the flow-guiding grooves 10 and micropores 9, promoting abrasive grain shedding and self-sharpening.

[0042] Figure 2 The diagram shows a planar unfolded view of the flow-guiding grooves 10 and micro-holes 9 on the grinding wheel surface. The flow-guiding grooves 10 are arranged circumferentially (circumferentially) around the grinding wheel, forming a lubrication diffusion channel. The annular flow-guiding grooves 10 can adapt to the surface flow field generated by the rotation of the grinding wheel, improving the uniformity of the cooling medium distribution and the continuity of the lubricating film coverage, which helps to achieve high precision of the machined surface and stability of the grinding process. The groove shape can be rectangular, V-shaped, or a composite groove, with a depth of 5%-90% of the thickness of the abrasive layer 3, depending on the grinding wheel grit size and application scenario.

[0043] Optionally, the micropores 9 are arranged in a regular dot matrix; or the arrangement and size of the micropores 9 can be irregular, and the shape can be divided into dot-shaped micropores 9 and round or groove-shaped micropores 9, with a depth of 5%-90% of the thickness of the abrasive layer 3, depending on the grinding wheel grit and application scenario.

[0044] Optionally, the grinding wheel base 1 is made of aluminum alloy.

[0045] Optionally, the abrasive grains in the abrasive layer 3 are diamond abrasive grains, and the thickness of the abrasive layer 3 is 5 mm.

[0046] In this embodiment, the grinding wheel forms a point-line composite structure network on the outer surface of its abrasive layer 3 through water-guided laser processing, simulating the water collection and guiding mechanism of the cactus epidermis: the point-like micropores 9 are used to embed and store solid lubricant; the linear groove structure is used to guide the external cooling medium to diffuse and flow along the groove path during the rotation of the grinding wheel, effectively carrying away the processing heat and preventing the temperature from accumulating too high during the grinding process. At the same time, it has the functions of chip removal and stress concentration induction, and assists in self-sharpening.

[0047] This invention further utilizes 3D printing equipment to precisely deposit the prepared lubricating slurry into the microporous structure 9. The deposition process is highly controllable, adaptable to complex surfaces, and produces a uniform coating, significantly improving lubrication performance and product consistency. During grinding, the lubricant is activated by heat or shearing, forming a stable lubricating film in the contact area of ​​the workpiece 16, reducing the coefficient of friction and improving machining quality and grinding wheel life.

[0048] In summary, this invention proposes a green functional grinding wheel that integrates three functions: lubrication, cooling, and self-sharpening, through the synergistic fusion of water-guided laser microstructure processing, biomimetic structural configuration, and 3D printing precision deposition. It is particularly suitable for efficient and environmentally friendly manufacturing scenarios such as dry grinding or semi-dry grinding.

[0049] Specifically, the preparation method is as follows:

[0050] Step 1 as follows Figure 1 As shown, the abrasive layer 3 of the grinding wheel is first prepared with a biomimetic surface texture. This invention constructs a "dot-groove composite structure" simulating the epidermis of a cactus on the surface of the abrasive layer 3, including multiple micropores 9 and several flow-guiding grooves 10 distributed along the circumferential direction. Wherein:

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, the micropores 9 and the flow-guiding grooves 10 on the surface of the abrasive layer 3 are processed using a water-guided laser beam 2. In this process, the laser beam 8 is focused and guided into the water flow 5 through the laser window 6 and focusing lens 7, and then sprayed onto the surface of the abrasive layer 3 through the water-guided nozzle 4, forming the groove 10 and micropore structure 9. The water-guided laser method has the advantages of high processing accuracy, small heat-affected zone, no residue, and clear edges, and is suitable for the microstructure construction of resin, ceramic, and metal-bonded grinding wheels.

[0052] The preparation process of lubricating coatings is as follows: Figure 3 As shown. Solid lubricant powder 12, binder, and dispersant are added to a container containing organic solution in a preset ratio. The mixture 11 is stirred at high speed for 30-60 minutes until a uniform and fine lubricating slurry 14 is formed. After mixing, the slurry is placed under reduced pressure for degassing treatment. Vacuuming removes air bubbles and volatile gases, preventing pinholes, voids, or film defects during subsequent coating processes. The resulting slurry possesses good adhesion, lubricity, and film-forming properties, making it suitable for subsequent precise coating operations and capable of forming a stable lubricating coating structure under appropriate curing conditions.

[0053] Optionally, the main component of the selected solid lubricant is molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). This material has excellent friction-reducing properties and high-temperature stability, making it suitable for forming a lubricating film during the grinding process.

[0054] Optionally, epoxy resin can be used as a binder. This high-temperature, wear-resistant thermosetting resin can enhance the adhesion of the lubricant.

[0055] Optionally, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) can be used as a dispersant. The dispersant can improve the uniformity of lubricant particles during the mixing process and prevent particle aggregation, thereby helping to form a uniform coating.

[0056] Optionally, molybdenum disulfide powder, epoxy resin, and polyvinylpyrrolidone are accurately weighed at a mass ratio of 8:1:0.2.

[0057] The prepared lubricating slurry 14 is loaded into a 3D printing device. By controlling the deposition path and feed rate of the nozzle 13 of the 3D printing device, the lubricating slurry 14 is precisely deposited point by point into the micropores 9 pre-machined on the surface of the abrasive layer 3 using 3D printing, achieving a high-precision and uniform lubricant filling process. This printing method can flexibly control the filling amount of each lubrication structure unit, adapt to different depths of the guide grooves 10 and the volumes of the micropores 9, ensuring the consistency and repeatability of lubrication distribution.

[0058] like Figure 5 As shown, after the lubricating slurry is deposited, the grinding wheel is placed in air to dry at room temperature for 6 hours. After drying and curing, the lubricant forms a firmly attached solid lubricating layer 15 in the micropores 9. This lubricating layer is basically flush with the surface of the abrasive layer 3, and has excellent high-temperature resistance and mechanical stability, making it difficult to fall off or peel off.

[0059] In actual grinding processes, such as Figure 6 As shown, the grinding wheel contacts the workpiece 16 at high speed. Under the combined action of friction and grinding temperature rise, the solid lubricant distributed in the micropores 9 slowly releases lubricating components, continuously forming a dynamically renewed lubricating film between the abrasive layer 3 and the workpiece 16. This effectively reduces the friction coefficient in the grinding area, improves the surface quality of the machined surface, and inhibits thermal cracking and adhesion clogging. Simultaneously, the guide groove 10 serves as a flow channel for the cooling medium 18, working in conjunction with the cooling medium nozzle 17 to guide water or low-temperature gas into the grinding area. This improves heat dissipation efficiency while preventing localized heat accumulation, further reducing the grinding temperature and ensuring the stable function of the lubricating coating. The biomimetic structure designed in this invention also possesses excellent chip-holding space and self-sharpening function, which can promote spontaneous breakage and automatic renewal of the abrasive grain edges during use, delaying dulling, extending the service life of the grinding wheel, and reducing downtime caused by frequent dressing.

[0060] Optionally, cold water can be used as a cooling medium to reduce grinding heat.

[0061] In this embodiment, the groove and the micro-hole 9 not only function independently, but also achieve a dual synergy of lubricant slow release and cooling medium guidance through complementary structural design. Solid lubricant is stored inside the micro-hole 9, providing a lubricating film coverage in the early stages of grinding, while the groove guides the flow of external cooling medium (such as water or liquid nitrogen) along the grinding wheel surface. During grinding, the localized heat generated by the lubricant release can be promptly carried away by the cooling medium flowing within the groove, preventing overheating and failure of the lubricating layer, maintaining the stability of the lubricating film, and thus achieving dynamic complementarity between lubrication and cooling functions, improving overall grinding performance. If, as in the prior art, the lubricant is directly filled into the groove, when the nozzle sprays out the cooling medium, on the one hand, the liquid flow easily washes over the groove, causing the lubricant layer to peel off prematurely or swell and fall off, resulting in lubrication failure; on the other hand, if the groove is filled with lubricant, the cooling medium (such as water or liquid nitrogen) cannot flow quickly along the groove, significantly reducing cooling efficiency. The micropores are small, and the pore walls can effectively protect the lubricant from being directly washed away by the water flow. When releasing the lubricating components, they diffuse slowly and are less affected by the impact of the coolant, which greatly extends the working life of the lubricant.

[0062] Example 2:

[0063] This example provides a biomimetic lubrication structure grinding wheel with a spiral guide groove 10 and circular groove-shaped micro-holes 9, such as Figure 7 As shown, the schematic diagram of the biomimetic lubrication structure of its grinding wheel abrasive layer 3 is as follows: Figure 8 As shown. The remaining manufacturing and application methods are the same as in Example 1, and will not be described in detail. Compared with the dot-shaped micro-holes 9, the circular groove-shaped dot-shaped micro-holes 9 have a larger volume and can more easily store more solid lubricant. The spiral guide groove 10 guides the cooling medium to diffuse axially towards the grinding wheel during rotation, forming a wider cooling zone and enhancing heat dissipation capacity, making it suitable for high-speed, heavy-load, or long-term continuous grinding conditions.

[0064] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A self-lubricating grinding wheel based on a cactus-inspired lubrication microstructure, comprising a grinding wheel matrix and an abrasive layer, characterized in that: The abrasive layer is provided with micropores and flow-guiding grooves. The micropores are arranged in a regular lattice along the circumferential and axial directions of the grinding wheel. The flow-guiding grooves are arranged along the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel and are located between adjacent micropores. Lubricating coating is deposited in the micropores. After the lubricating coating solidifies, it forms a firmly attached solid lubricating layer in the micropores. The solid lubricating layer is basically flush with the surface of the abrasive layer. The flow-guiding grooves serve as flow channels for external cooling media. The processing method for the self-lubricating grinding wheel based on the cactus-inspired lubrication microstructure includes: Step 1 involves surface texturing of the abrasive layer of the existing grinding wheel to form multiple dot-shaped micropores and several flow-guiding grooves; Step 2: Prepare the lubricating coating; Step 3: The prepared lubricating coating is precisely deposited into the micropores of the grinding wheel using 3D printing, and then dried at room temperature to form a solid lubricating layer with good adhesion and long-lasting stability on the surface of the micropores. The solid lubricant layer contains solid lubricant stored inside the micropores, which can provide a lubricating film coverage in the early stage of grinding, while the grooves guide the external cooling medium to flow along the surface of the grinding wheel. During the grinding process, the local heat generated by the release of lubricant can be carried away in time by the cooling medium flowing in the grooves, preventing the lubricant layer from overheating and failing, maintaining the stability of the lubricating film, and thus achieving dynamic complementarity between lubrication and cooling functions.

2. The self-lubricating grinding wheel based on a cactus-inspired lubrication microstructure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The irregular arrangement of the micropores.

3. The self-lubricating grinding wheel based on a cactus-inspired lubrication microstructure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The grooves are distributed in a ring or spiral pattern along the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel.

4. The self-lubricating grinding wheel based on a cactus-inspired lubrication microstructure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The groove is a rectangular groove, a V-shaped groove, or a composite groove.

5. The self-lubricating grinding wheel based on a cactus-inspired lubrication microstructure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the micropores and flow grooves on the surface of the abrasive layer are processed using a water-guided laser beam.

6. The self-lubricating grinding wheel based on a cactus-inspired lubrication microstructure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the lubricating coating in step 2 is as follows: Solid lubricant, binder and dispersant are added to a container containing polar solvent in a certain proportion. After high-speed stirring, a uniform lubricating coating is formed. The coating is then placed in a vacuum environment for degassing treatment to obtain a composite lubricating coating that can be coated into the groove of a grinding wheel.

7. The self-lubricating grinding wheel based on a cactus-inspired lubrication microstructure as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The solid lubricant may include one or more of molybdenum disulfide, graphite, boron nitride, tungsten sulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, or graphene.

8. The self-lubricating grinding wheel based on a cactus-inspired lubrication microstructure as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The binder is a high-temperature thermosetting material.

9. The self-lubricating grinding wheel based on a cactus-inspired lubrication microstructure as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The dispersant is polyvinylpyrrolidone or ethyl cellulose.

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