Multi-stage shock insulation and absorption device applied to staircase and shock absorption method of multi-stage shock insulation and absorption device

Abstract

The multi-stage shock isolation and absorption device comprises a base, and the bottom of the base is connected with a rest platform picking-out plate; the connecting seat is arranged on the upper portion of the base, and the lower surface of the connecting seat is connected with the upper surface of the base through a friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism; the elastic connecting piece is arranged between the base and the connecting seat; a shearing groove is formed in the upper portion of the connecting base, a box type shearing structure is arranged in the shearing groove, the upper portion of the box type shearing structure is open, and a vertical vibration isolation unit is arranged in a box body of the box type shearing structure; the left side and the right side of a box body of the box-type shearing structure extend to be provided with wing-shaped pressure-bearing steel plates, and the upper surface and the lower surface of a shearing energy dissipation plate are fixedly connected with the inner wall of a shearing groove of the connecting base through viscoelastic energy dissipation material layers correspondingly. Two energy dissipation modes of viscoelasticity and a friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism are combined, and energy can be effectively dissipated under different earthquake intensities according to damage characteristics of stairs during earthquake.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building structure vibration reduction and isolation, and in particular to a multi-stage vibration reduction and isolation device applied to a stairwell and a vibration reduction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Stairs in buildings serve the important functions of vertical transportation and emergency escape, but they are significantly vulnerable to earthquakes. Experience from major earthquakes, such as the Wenchuan earthquake, shows that stairwells are susceptible to severe damage during earthquakes, directly impacting evacuation and rescue efforts. Especially under the action of transverse seismic forces, stairwells, due to their K-bracing-like layout, are more susceptible to damage due to their increased resistance to transverse seismic forces. In this case, staircase damage is primarily characterized by shear failure of the platform beams and bending failure of the stair slabs, posing a serious threat to the staircase's functionality and structural safety. In contrast, under the action of longitudinal seismic forces, stairwells have weaker seismic performance due to their vertical openness and insufficient overall stiffness. Damage to the nodes between the platform beams and the main structural columns is common, but the extent of damage and its impact on evacuation are generally less than that caused by transverse seismic forces.

[0003] Although various measures have been proposed for the seismic design of existing stairs, many problems still exist. For example, in traditional design methods, when the stairs and the main structure are cast integrally, the diagonal bracing effect of the stair treads significantly affects the structural stiffness and seismic effects, making it very easy to over-reinforce the design, forming a "dead loop" problem, affecting the building's functionality and overall structural layout, while increasing the construction cost. In addition, although sliding supports can weaken the impact of stair components on the stiffness of the main structure, they are prone to vertical warping, vibration, and collision of the stair treads during a major earthquake, posing safety hazards. In addition, the construction positioning requirements are high, the difficulty is great, and it is easy to be damaged by renovation projects. Existing designs also lack unified standards, resulting in a lot of design chaos. Some designs do not fully consider the impact of stairs on the main structure, posing safety hazards.

[0004] With the development of society, seismic isolation technology has been introduced into staircase design as an innovative seismic resistance strategy, aiming to reduce the response of stairs during earthquakes. Although traditional seismic isolation bearings, such as laminated rubber bearings and lead rubber bearings, can reduce the transmission of seismic energy to the upper structure through horizontal deformation, they have obvious shortcomings in dealing with the unique earthquake damage characteristics of stairwells, including: When laminated rubber bearings are used in stairwells, the stair bracing effect causes concentrated horizontal shear deformation in the bearings, which can easily lead to excessive residual deformation and shear aging. Furthermore, their energy dissipation efficiency is insufficient to resist lateral seismic forces, resulting in damage to the stairs. Furthermore, the fixed stiffness of laminated rubber bearings makes them unable to adapt to the complex vibration patterns of stairwells under varying earthquake magnitudes. They are difficult to reset after an earthquake and are prone to collision vibration with stair components, affecting their normal function.

[0005] In the staircase, the lead - core rubber bearing faces the problem of mismatch between the energy - dissipation component and the structural stiffness. The plastic deformation generated by the melting of the lead - core is difficult to be accommodated in the limited space of the staircase, and its inertial mass effect will be amplified on the staircase ramp section, resulting in a sharp attenuation of the seismic isolation effect in the later stage of the earthquake. At the same time, the visco - elastic damping characteristics of the lead - core rubber bearing perform poorly in the staircase system with high - frequency vibration, and it cannot effectively control the vertical vibration and swaying of the staircase, thus affecting the safety of personnel evacuation. The friction - pendulum energy - dissipation mechanism bearing has a fixed friction force and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the earthquake intensity, resulting in insufficient energy - dissipation under minor earthquakes or excessive friction force under major earthquakes; it has a complex structure, high manufacturing and maintenance costs; insufficient self - reset ability, affecting the subsequent seismic isolation and vibration reduction effects; and limited energy - dissipation efficiency, unable to fully exert their respective advantages.

[0006] It is particularly worth noting that most of the existing seismic isolation and vibration reduction bearings do not have the function of preventing swaying, and cannot effectively prevent the swaying of the staircase during daily use, which affects the user experience, accelerates the wear of the bearing, and reduces its service life. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above - mentioned technical problems, the present invention proposes a multi - stage seismic isolation and vibration reduction device applied to staircases and its vibration reduction method. Through a multi - stage energy - dissipation mechanism, combining two energy - dissipation methods of visco - elastic and friction - pendulum energy - dissipation mechanisms, it can effectively dissipate energy according to the damage characteristics of the staircase during an earthquake under different earthquake intensities.

[0008] In order to achieve the above - mentioned technical purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical means: A multi - stage seismic isolation and vibration reduction device applied to staircases, comprising: A base, the bottom of which is connected to the cantilever slab of the landing; A bearing top plate, the top of which is connected to the bottom of the staircase flight slab, and a connecting seat arranged between the base and the bearing top plate, The lower surface of the connecting seat is connected to the upper surface of the base through a friction - pendulum energy - dissipation mechanism, and the connecting seat can swing horizontally and laterally along the base through the friction - pendulum energy - dissipation mechanism for friction energy - dissipation; An elastic connecting member, vertically connected between the connecting seat and the base, one end of the elastic connecting member is fixedly connected to the connecting seat, and the other end is fixedly connected to the base; A shear slot is provided in the upper part of the connecting seat, and a box - type shear structure is arranged in the shear slot. The box - type shear structure is provided with an upper opening. Wing - type bearing steel plates extend from the left and right sides of the box body of the box - type shear structure. A first friction energy - dissipation layer is arranged between the bottom of the box - type shear structure and the bottom of the shear slot. The shear energy - dissipation plates on the left and right sides of the box - type shear structure are connected to the inner wall of the shear slot of the connecting seat through a visco - elastic energy - dissipation material layer; An electromagnetic component is disposed between the connection seat and the box-shaped shear structure. The electromagnetic component can limit the horizontal lateral displacement and horizontal longitudinal displacement of the box-shaped shear structure in a power-off state; A vertical vibration isolation unit is provided inside the box body of the box-shaped shear structure; The bottom of the support top plate is provided with a groove matching the upper opening edge of the box-shaped shear structure, and the part of the bottom between the grooves is connected to the box bottom of the box-shaped shear structure through a vertical vibration isolation unit; An earthquake acceleration sensor for detecting earthquake signals; A control unit, whose signal input end is connected to the earthquake acceleration sensor, and whose signal output end is electrically connected to the electromagnetic component.

[0009] Advantageous effects: The seismic isolation and energy dissipation device of the present invention is designed according to the unique seismic damage characteristics of stairwells during earthquakes, especially the harm of horizontal lateral seismic forces to stairwells. By combining viscoelastic and friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanisms with a unidirectional energy dissipation structure, the seismic isolation and energy dissipation device can provide effective energy dissipation in the horizontal lateral direction, thereby significantly reducing the damage to the stairwell caused by the action of diagonal braces during earthquakes. The seismic isolation and energy dissipation device activates different energy dissipation mechanisms in a predetermined order under earthquake action to achieve multi-stage energy dissipation. During minor earthquakes, the viscoelastic energy dissipation part is activated first, and absorbs and dissipates earthquake energy through its high damping characteristics. As the earthquake intensity increases, when it reaches a major earthquake or a rare earthquake, the energy dissipation part of the friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism begins to play a role, providing additional energy dissipation capacity and further enhancing the seismic isolation and energy dissipation effect. In addition, the vertical energy dissipation unit absorbs and dissipates earthquake energy in the vertical direction, effectively reducing the vibration response of the structure. This staged energy dissipation mechanism ensures that the device can work effectively under earthquakes of different intensities, improving the overall seismic isolation and energy dissipation performance.

[0010] In addition, an elastic connector arranged vertically is installed between the connection seat and the base of the present invention. By combining it with the friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism and utilizing the elastic characteristics of the elastic connector, the friction force can be dynamically adjusted according to the earthquake intensity, thereby improving the energy dissipation efficiency. The conversion of the elastic connector from compression to tension enables the friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism to better adapt to different stress states under earthquake action, further enhancing the energy dissipation capacity. At the same time, the resilience of the elastic connector combined with the geometric design of the sliding surface ensures that the slider can quickly reset after the earthquake, significantly reducing the residual deformation and enhancing the recoverability and stability of the device. This improvement not only improves the adaptability and flexibility of the device in multiple earthquakes, but also significantly enhances the safety and reliability of the structure, ensuring its excellent performance under repeated earthquake actions.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism includes: A base arc sliding surface provided on the upper surface of the base; The arc sliding surface of the connecting seat is arranged on the lower surface of the connecting seat and corresponds to the arc sliding surface of the base. After the base and the connecting seat are docked up and down, a partition cavity is formed between the arc sliding surface of the base and the arc sliding surface of the connecting seat, and a slider is slidably arranged in the partition cavity; A polygonal base embedding groove is provided on the upper surface of the base, and a polygonal connecting seat embedding groove is provided on the lower surface of the connecting seat. The lower base of the elastic connecting piece is embedded in the polygonal base embedding groove, and the upper base of the elastic connecting piece is embedded in the polygonal connecting seat embedding groove, and is fixedly connected to the base and the connecting seat through an elastic piece fixing bolt.

[0012] Beneficial effects: The lower base of the elastic connecting piece and the upper base of the elastic connecting piece of the elastic connecting piece are both polygonal and are respectively embedded in the polygonal base embedding groove and the polygonal connecting seat embedding groove. This polygonal design restricts the displacement of the elastic connecting piece through its geometric shape, thereby ensuring the stability of the structure. The fixation of each elastic connecting piece base can be achieved with only one central bolt, which not only reduces the number of bolts used, but also simplifies the construction process and improves the installation efficiency.

[0013] In an alternative embodiment, the number of the partition cavities is multiple. A limiting protrusion is provided on the upper surface of the base, and a limiting groove corresponding to the position of the limiting protrusion is provided on the lower surface of the connecting seat. Between every two partition cavities, they are matched and fitted through the limiting protrusion and the limiting groove to limit the horizontal displacement of the base and the connecting seat in the horizontal longitudinal direction; Second friction energy dissipation layers are respectively provided on the arc sliding surface of the base and the arc sliding surface of the connecting seat that constitute each partition cavity. Beneficial effects

[0014] In an alternative embodiment, both the first friction energy dissipation layer and the second friction energy dissipation layer are polytetrafluoroethylene layers.

[0015] Beneficial effects: Polytetrafluoroethylene is a friction material with excellent performance, having an extremely low and stable friction coefficient, and can maintain stable performance within a wide temperature range from -200°C to +260°C. It is corrosion-resistant, hardly reacts with chemical substances, and also has good self-lubricity and can work normally without lubricant. In addition, polytetrafluoroethylene has good non-stick properties and hardly adheres to any substances, which gives it unique advantages in some friction applications where material adhesion needs to be avoided. It is light in weight and is suitable for a variety of special environments and friction scenarios with high requirements.

[0016] In an alternative embodiment, one end of the connecting seat where the shear groove is located is open, and a closed cover plate is detachably connected to the open end.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The structure of the closed cover plate matches the opening structure of the connecting seat and is fixedly connected to one side of the opening of the connecting seat through bolts. On the one hand, the main function of the closed cover plate is to facilitate the assembly, replacement, and maintenance of the viscoelastic energy dissipation part. On the other hand, an electromagnetic component installation groove is provided thereon for installing and positioning the electromagnetic component when needed, ensuring its stability and functionality, while not affecting the protective effect of the closed cover plate on the internal components and preventing direct friction and damage.

[0018] In an alternative embodiment, the seismic acceleration sensor and the control unit are installed on the closed cover plate.

[0019] In an alternative embodiment, a plurality of electromagnetic component installation grooves are formed in the connecting seat along the horizontal transverse and horizontal longitudinal directions, and one electromagnetic component is installed in each electromagnetic component installation groove. Each electromagnetic component has the same structure, including: A pre-tightening spring, one end of the pre-tightening spring is connected to the electromagnetic coil fixing seat, and the other end is connected to one end of the armature rod through a threaded connecting seat. An electromagnetic coil is installed on the electromagnetic coil fixing seat. A housing, coaxially sleeved outside the pre-tightening spring and the electromagnetic coil. When the electromagnetic coil is de-energized, the other end of the armature rod is in close contact with the outer wall of the box-shaped shear structure under the action of the elastic force of the pre-tightening spring. When the electromagnetic coil is energized, the other end of the armature rod can overcome the elastic force of the pre-tightening spring and separate from the outer wall of the box-shaped shear structure by a certain distance.

[0020] Beneficial effects: The electromagnetic coil fixing seat is in an I shape, one end is connected to the current converter, and the other end is connected to the pre-tightening spring, which is used to fix the electromagnet coil and provide a stable installation foundation, while connecting the current converter and the pre-tightening spring to ensure the transmission of electrical signals and the stable fixation of the pre-tightening spring. The pre-tightening spring provides an initial pre-tightening force to ensure that the armature rod is in close contact with the shear energy dissipation plate during non-seismic periods, preventing the staircase from shaking.

[0021] In an alternative embodiment, the vertical vibration isolation unit is a structure of alternately arranged rubber layers and pressure-bearing steel plates, and a gap for the deformation of the vertical vibration isolation unit is provided between the lower surface of the support top plate and the upper part of the connecting seat.

[0022] Beneficial effects: Pressure-bearing steel plates are arranged on both the upper and lower surfaces of the rubber layer. The pressure-bearing steel plates are used to evenly disperse the vertical load to improve the load-bearing capacity and durability of the device. The material of the pressure-bearing steel plate is high-strength steel. The pressure-bearing steel plate and the rubber layer are fixedly connected through a vulcanization process or a high-strength adhesive to ensure their close combination and prevent relative slippage during use.

[0023] In addition, embed the rubber layer assembly into the open box-shaped shear structure of the connecting seat, and reserve a vertical and lateral gap of 2-3 cm to ensure that the rubber layer deforms fully under earthquake action and realizes effective energy dissipation.

[0024] In an alternative embodiment, first cushion grooves are respectively provided on the two side walls along the horizontal transverse direction of the shear groove, and first buffer cushion bodies are arranged in the first cushion grooves, and the first buffer cushion bodies are used for buffering the extreme positions of the shear energy dissipation plate in the horizontal transverse direction; Second cushion grooves are respectively provided on the two side walls along the horizontal longitudinal direction of the shear groove, and second buffer cushion bodies are arranged in the second cushion grooves, and the second buffer cushion bodies are used for buffering the extreme positions of the shear energy dissipation plate in the horizontal longitudinal direction; A third buffer cushion body is bonded in the embedding groove reserved at the bottom of the bearing top plate.

[0025] The present invention further discloses a shock absorption method of the multi-stage isolation and shock absorption device applied to the stairwell, When an earthquake does not occur, the electromagnetic assembly is in a power-off state, restricting the movement of the box-shaped shear structure to ensure that the device does not perform unnecessary energy-consuming actions due to external vibrations during daily use; at the same time, the energy-consuming part of the friction pendulum energy-consuming mechanism will not be activated during daily use, further ensuring the stability of the device under non-earthquake conditions; When an earthquake occurs, the earthquake acceleration sensor detects the earthquake signal and transmits the signal to the control unit. The control unit triggers the electromagnetic assembly to be powered on, and the electromagnetic assembly is separated from the box-shaped shear structure. The shear energy dissipation plate on the box-shaped shear structure shears the viscoelastic energy dissipation layer to absorb the medium and small earthquake energy in the horizontal direction; The bearing top plate squeezes the vertical vibration isolation unit, and the vertical vibration isolation unit absorbs the vertical earthquake energy through elastic deformation; When the stairwell is subjected to a strong earthquake or a rare earthquake in the horizontal direction, the side surface of the plate wing part of the shear energy dissipation plate impacts the side wall of the box-shaped shear structure, so as to prompt the energy-consuming part of the friction pendulum energy-consuming mechanism to reach the starting sliding force. When the earthquake force is large enough to overcome the static friction force of the friction pendulum energy-consuming mechanism, the connecting seat starts to move along the horizontal transverse direction, and then the horizontal direction energy dissipation is realized through the friction pendulum energy-consuming mechanism; the elastic connecting piece is in a pre-compressed state in the installed state. As the friction pendulum energy-consuming mechanism starts to work, the elastic connecting piece gradually changes from the pre-compressed state to the tensioned state, and this change causes the normal force on the slider to change, and then the friction force between the slider and the friction layer is dynamically adjusted to achieve the variable friction effect; After the earthquake ends, the resilience of the elastic connecting piece and the geometric design of the sliding surface act together to prompt the base and the connecting seat to return to the initial state; Meanwhile, the control unit controls the electromagnetic component to lose power, and restricts the horizontal lateral displacement and horizontal longitudinal displacement of the box-shaped shear structure again, so that the box-shaped shear structure quickly resets to the initial position, realizing the self-resetting function.

[0026] Generally speaking, through the variable friction mechanism, the present invention enables the frictional force to be dynamically adjusted according to the earthquake intensity, ensuring effective energy dissipation under different earthquake levels; by simplifying the structural design, the manufacturing and maintenance difficulties are reduced; the self-resetting mechanism of the elastic connecting piece and the electromagnetic component is adopted to ensure that the device can automatically return to the initial state after an earthquake, guaranteeing continuous seismic isolation and vibration reduction performance; meanwhile, through the multi-stage energy dissipation design, the energy dissipation advantages of the viscoelastic and friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanisms are fully utilized, significantly improving the overall energy dissipation efficiency. Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the multi-stage seismic isolation and vibration reduction device of the present invention applied to the stairwell above the overhanging slab of the stair landing; Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the multi-stage seismic isolation and vibration reduction device of the present invention applied to the stairwell; Figure 3 It is a sectional view of the multi-stage seismic isolation and vibration reduction device of the present invention applied to the stairwell in the long axis direction; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the variable friction and pre-tightening spring self-resetting principle of the multi-stage seismic isolation and vibration reduction device of the present invention applied to the stairwell; Figure 5 It is a sectional view at a quarter of the short axis direction of the multi-stage seismic isolation and vibration reduction device of the present invention applied to the stairwell; Figure 6 It is a detailed drawing of the box-shaped shear structure in the multi-stage seismic isolation and vibration reduction device of the present invention applied to the stairwell; Figure 7 It is a detailed drawing of the slider in the multi-stage seismic isolation and vibration reduction device of the present invention applied to the stairwell; Figure 8 It is a detailed drawing of the elastic connecting piece in the multi-stage seismic isolation and vibration reduction device of the present invention applied to the stairwell; Figure 9 It is a sectional view at half of the short axis direction of the multi-stage seismic isolation and vibration reduction device of the present invention applied to the stairwell; Figure 10 It is a detailed drawing of the electromagnetic component in the multi-stage seismic isolation and vibration reduction device of the present invention applied to the stairwell; Figure 11 It is an exploded view of the electromagnetic component in the multi-stage seismic isolation and vibration reduction device of the present invention applied to the stairwell; Figure 12 It is a front view of the closed cover plate of the multi-stage seismic isolation and vibration reduction device of the present invention applied to the stairwell; Figure 13It is the back view of the closed cover plate of the multi-stage seismic isolation and shock absorption device applied to the staircase by the present invention; Figure 14 It is the distribution diagram of the electromagnetic components of the multi-stage seismic isolation and shock absorption device applied to the staircase by the present invention; Figure 15 It is the detailed drawing of the connecting seat of the multi-stage seismic isolation and shock absorption device applied to the staircase by the present invention; Figure 16 It is the detailed drawing of the base of the multi-stage seismic isolation and shock absorption device applied to the staircase by the present invention; Among them, 1-1 is the base, 1-1-1 is the mounting groove for the elastic connecting piece base, 1-1-2 is the polygonal base embedding groove, 1-1-3 is the arc sliding surface of the base, 1-1-4 is the limit projection, 1-2 is the connecting seat, 1-2-1 is the mounting groove for the elastic connecting piece connecting seat, 1-2-2 is the polygonal connecting seat embedding groove, 1-2-3 is the arc sliding surface of the connecting seat, 1-2-4 is the limit groove, 1-2-5 is the shallow groove, 1-2-6 is the first cushion groove, 1-2-7 is the electromagnetic component mounting groove, 1-3 is the second friction energy dissipation layer, 1-4 is the elastic connecting piece, 1-4-1 is the lower base of the elastic connecting piece, 1-4-2 is the upper base of the elastic connecting piece, 1-4-3 is the pre-compressed spring, 1-5 is the slider; 2-1 is the first friction energy dissipation layer, 2-2 is the box-shaped shear structure, 2-3 is the vulcanized viscoelastic connection layer, 2-3-1 is the first buffer pad, 2-3-2 is the second buffer pad, 2-4 is the closed cover plate, 2-4-1 is the cover fixing bolt; 3-1 is the rubber layer, 3-2 is the stiffening bearing steel plate, 3-3 is the bearing steel plate, 3-4 is the support top plate, 3-4-1 is the third buffer pad; 4 is the electromagnetic component, 4-1 is the electromagnet coil, 4-2 is the electromagnet core, 4-3 is the electromagnetic coil fixing seat, 4-4 is the pre-tightening spring, 4-5 is the connecting component, 4-6 is the armature rod, 4-6-1 is the bolt at the end of the armature rod, 4-7 is the current converter, 4-8 is the housing, 4-9 is the seismic acceleration sensor, 4-10 is the control unit, 5 is the high-strength bolt, 6 is the platform overhanging plate, 7 is the staircase beam, 8 is the staircase tread plate, 9 is the flexible filler. Detailed implementation manners

[0028] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention clearer, the following specific embodiments are used to further explain and illustrate the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein only explain the present invention and do not limit the present invention.

[0029] As Figure 1 shown, the earthquake-responsive adaptive multi-stage seismic isolation and shock absorption device applied to the staircase includes three parts: the friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism energy dissipation part, the viscoelastic shear energy dissipation part, the vertical energy dissipation unit, and the electromagnetic component 4.

[0030] The energy-dissipating part of the friction pendulum energy-dissipating mechanism is based on the base 1-1. The bottom of the base 1-1 is fixedly connected to the platform cantilever plate 4 through reserved bolt holes by bolts to ensure the stability and firmness of the support during installation. The upper part is flexibly connected to the connecting seat 1-2 through the elastic connecting piece 1-4. Among them, the lower base 1-4-1 of the elastic connecting piece of the elastic connecting piece 1-4 and the upper base 1-4-2 of the elastic connecting piece are respectively embedded in the polygonal base groove 1-1-2 and the polygonal connecting seat groove 1-2-2, and are fixedly connected to the base 1-1 and the connecting seat 1-2 through elastic piece fixing bolts. The quantity, type and volume of the elastic connecting piece 1-4 can be adjusted according to the actual working conditions to meet the requirements of different projects.

[0031] The polytetrafluoroethylene friction layer 1-3 is installed on the surfaces of the base arc sliding surface 1-1-3 and the connecting seat arc sliding surface 1-2-4, and the slider 1-5 is placed in the middle. The slider 1-5 is separated by the limit protrusion 1-1-4, which is convenient for maintenance and replacement. The quantity and volume of the slider 1-5 can also be adjusted according to the actual working conditions.

[0032] The viscoelastic energy-dissipating part has the box-shaped shear structure 2-2 as the core component. The box-shaped shear structure 2-2 is arranged in the concave design on the upper part of the connecting seat 1-2, and its bottom is in contact with the first friction energy-dissipating layer 2-1 in the shallow groove 1-2-5 on the upper part of the connecting seat 1-2. This design improves the energy-dissipating efficiency of the viscoelastic energy-dissipating part while effectively preventing the damage of the support caused by the direct contact between the bottom of the box-shaped shear structure 2-2 and the connecting seat 1-2 during the operation of the support; the vulcanized viscoelastic material layer 2-3 is located between the wing-shaped bearing steel plates extending from both sides of the box-shaped shear structure 2-2 and the concave design of the connecting seat 1-2, and is combined with the wing-shaped bearing steel plates on both sides of the box-shaped shear structure 2-2 and the connecting seat 1-2 through vulcanization bonding. First cushion bodies 2-3-1 and second cushion bodies 2-3-2 are arranged at the corresponding positions of the inner part of the concave design of the connecting seat 1-2 and the wing-shaped bearing steel plates on both sides of the box-shaped shear structure 2-2 to prevent the direct impact between the wing-shaped bearing steel plates on both sides of the box-shaped shear structure 2-2 and the inner wall of the groove structure of the connecting seat 1-2 from causing damage during the operation of the support; the size and thickness of the vulcanized viscoelastic material layer 2-3 can be adjusted according to the actual working conditions.

[0033] The closed cover plate 2-4 matches the groove structure of the connecting seat 1-2. After the viscoelastic energy-dissipating part is installed, it is bolted to the connecting seat 1-2 through reserved bolt holes.

[0034] The vertical energy dissipation unit has a rubber layer assembly as its core. The rubber layer assembly is formed by alternately laminating rubber layers 3-1 and stiffening bearing steel plates 3-2 in sequence and bonding them into one body through a bonding process. Pressure-bearing steel plates 3-3 are bonded to the upper and lower surfaces thereof respectively, and the whole is placed in an open box-shaped shear structure above the shear energy dissipation plate 2-2. The size specifications and quantity configurations of the rubber layers 3-1 can be adapted according to actual engineering requirements.

[0035] A third buffer pad 3-4-1 is bonded in a reserved groove at the bottom of the support top plate 3-4. The third buffer pad 3-4-1 matches the side wall of the open box-shaped shear structure above the shear energy dissipation plate 2-2 and is embedded therein. The bottom of the support top plate 3-4 contacts the pressure-bearing steel plate 3-3.

[0036] The electromagnetic component 4 realizes the intelligent locking and self-resetting functions of the support through innovative design, ensuring stable locking of the support in the non-seismic state, quickly responding and dissipating energy during an earthquake, and automatically resetting after the earthquake, providing a reliable seismic isolation and energy dissipation solution for the staircase structure.

[0037] Electromagnet coil 4-1 and electromagnet core 4-2: The electromagnet coil 4-1 is tightly wound around the outside of the electromagnet core 4-2, and the electromagnet core is made of high-permeability material. When the electromagnetic component 4 receives a seismic signal, the electromagnet coil is energized to generate a strong magnetic field, providing a driving force for subsequent energy dissipation actions.

[0038] Electromagnetic coil fixing seat 4-3: As a key support structure, the electromagnetic coil fixing seat 4-3 adopts an I-shaped design, firmly connecting to the current converter 4-7 at one end and connecting to the pre-tightening spring 4-4 at the other end, ensuring stable installation of the electromagnet coil and transmitting accurate electromagnetic force between the electromagnet and the armature rod.

[0039] Pre-tightening spring 4-4: Provides an initial pre-tightening force for the whole system, ensuring that the armature rod 4-6 is in close contact with the shear energy dissipation plate in the non-seismic state to prevent the staircase from shaking, and at the same time providing the necessary elastic reserve for a quick response during an earthquake.

[0040] Connection component 4-5: Is the core connecting component of the system. It has a bolt hole in the middle, fixes the pre-tightening spring 4-4 on one side, and connects to the bolt connection end of the armature rod 4-6 on the other side, ensuring that all components are tightly connected to form a stable overall structure.

[0041] [[ID=2l]]Armature rod 4-6: As the executing component of the system, one side is designed in the form of a bolt, which precisely matches the bolt hole of the connection component 4-5 to ensure the stability of the connection. When the electromagnet is energized, the armature rod is attracted by the magnetic field, overcoming the pre-tightening spring force, releasing the shear energy dissipation plate, enabling it to move freely and dissipate energy.

[0042] Current converter 4-7: Plays a crucial role after the earthquake. By reversing the current direction in the electromagnet coil, a repulsive force is generated between the electromagnet and the armature iron rod. Combined with the elastic action of the pre-tightening spring, it ensures that the shear energy dissipation plate quickly returns to its initial position, realizing the self-resetting function.

[0043] Housing 4-8: Not only protects the internal components from external environmental interference and damage, but also provides structural support for the entire electromagnetic component, ensuring the stability and durability of the system.

[0044] Seismic acceleration sensor 4-9 and control unit 4-10: The seismic acceleration sensor 4-9 monitors seismic activities in real time. Once a seismic signal is detected, it is immediately transmitted to the control unit 4-10. The control unit quickly processes the signal and controls the energization of the electromagnet coil and the operation of the current converter, realizing the intelligent locking and self-resetting functions of the bearing.

[0045] The shock absorption method of the multi-stage shock isolation and damping device applied to the staircase described in the present invention When an earthquake does not occur, the electromagnetic component is in a de-energized state, restricting the movement of the box-shaped shear structure 2-2, ensuring that the device will not perform unnecessary energy-consuming actions due to external vibrations during daily use; at the same time, the energy-consuming part of the friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism will not be activated during daily use, further ensuring the stability of the device under non-seismic conditions; When an earthquake occurs, the seismic acceleration sensor detects the seismic signal and transmits the signal to the control unit. The control unit triggers the energization of the electromagnetic component, and the electromagnetic component separates from the box-shaped shear structure. The shear energy dissipation plate on the box-shaped shear structure shears the viscoelastic energy dissipation layer to absorb the energy of medium and small earthquakes in the horizontal direction; The bearing top plate squeezes the vertical vibration isolation unit, and the vertical vibration isolation unit absorbs the vertical seismic energy through elastic deformation; When the staircase is subjected to a strong earthquake or a rare earthquake in the horizontal direction, the side of the plate wing part of the shear energy dissipation plate impacts the side wall of the box-shaped shear structure, thereby causing the energy-consuming part of the friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism to reach the starting sliding force. When the seismic force is large enough to overcome the static friction force of the friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism, the connecting seat starts to move horizontally in the transverse direction, and then the horizontal direction energy dissipation is realized through the friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism; the elastic connecting piece is in a pre-compressed state in the installed state. As the friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism starts to work, the elastic connecting piece gradually changes from the pre-compressed state to the tensile state. This change causes the normal force on the slider to change, and then the friction force between the slider and the friction layer is dynamically adjusted to achieve the variable friction effect; After the earthquake, the resilience of the elastic connecting piece and the geometric design of the sliding surface work together to prompt the base and the connecting seat to return to the initial state; Meanwhile, the control unit controls the electromagnetic component to lose power, and restricts the horizontal lateral displacement and horizontal longitudinal displacement of the box shear structure again, so that the box shear structure quickly resets to the initial position, realizing the self-resetting function.

[0046] The concave inner wall of the elastic connector base mounting groove 1-1-1 has a slope design, and the slope design is used to provide the required deformation space for the elastic connector 1-4. The included angle between the slope and the horizontal plane ranges from 60° to 75°, so as to ensure that the elastic connector can be fully deformed without being restricted when stressed.

[0047] The elastic connector 1-4 is composed of at least one of a high-strength pre-tightening spring, steel or a shape memory alloy, and the material of the high-strength pre-tightening spring is high-strength alloy steel. This material selection ensures the elasticity and stability of the pre-tightening spring during long-term use.

[0048] The components of the electromagnetic component 4 are fixed and positioned on the connecting seat and the closed cover through the electromagnetic component mounting groove and the cover plate fixing bolt 2-4-1. The design of these mounting grooves takes into account the size and shape of the components, providing an accurate fit, so that the electromagnetic component 4 can be firmly mounted on the connecting seat 1-2 and the closed cover 2-4, while allowing the necessary electrical connection and signal transmission to ensure its stability and reliability. During installation, the components of the electromagnetic component 4 can be directly inserted into the electromagnetic component mounting groove and the cover plate fixing bolt 2-4-1, and connected to the overall structure through the externally reserved bolt holes. This design simplifies the construction process, improves the installation efficiency, and reduces the construction time and cost.

[0049] The base 1-1 and the connecting seat 1-2 are matched and fitted through the limit protrusion 1-1-4 and the limit groove 1-2-4, restricting the horizontal displacement of the base 1-1 and the connecting seat 1-2 in the horizontal longitudinal direction (the long axis direction of the building), thereby improving the stability and reliability of the seismic isolation and energy dissipation device.

[0050] In view of the serious harm caused by the bracing effect triggered by the seismic force in the horizontal lateral direction (the short axis direction of the building) to the staircase, the energy dissipation part of the friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism is designed as a unidirectional energy dissipation structure, which only has the energy dissipation function in the horizontal lateral direction to supplement and strengthen the energy dissipation capacity of the viscoelastic shear energy dissipation part. Specifically, the energy dissipation part of the friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism realizes unidirectional energy dissipation through the cooperation of the limit protrusion 1-1-4 and the limit groove 1-2-4, and only makes relative movement in the horizontal lateral direction.

[0051] The bottom of the concave design on the upper part of the connecting seat 1-2 is provided with a shallow groove 1-2-5, and a polytetrafluoroethylene layer is arranged in the shallow groove 1-2-5. The polytetrafluoroethylene layer is used to prevent direct friction between the box-shaped shear structure 2-2 and the connecting seat 1-2 when the viscoelastic shear energy dissipation part works, so as to avoid damage to the device. At the same time, the polytetrafluoroethylene layer also plays a role in frictional energy dissipation, further enhancing the energy dissipation capacity of the seismic isolation and damping device.

[0052] A gap of 5 cm - 8 cm is reserved between the vulcanized viscoelastic connection layer 2-3 and the inner wall of the concave design of the box-shaped shear structure 2-2 and the connecting seat 1-2. This gap is used to ensure that the box-shaped shear structure 2-2 can move arbitrarily in the horizontal direction, so as to realize the effective energy dissipation of the viscoelastic material.

[0053] The inner semi-circular design of the side wall of the upper concave design of the connecting seat 1-2 is used to bear the side pressure of the box-shaped shear structure 2-2, and a first buffer pad 2-3-1 and a second buffer pad body 2-3-2 are arranged on the inner semi-circular design of the side wall. The first buffer pad body is used to buffer the side pressure when the box-shaped shear structure 2-2 works.

[0054] One side of the connecting seat 1-2 is cut and divided into two parts to form the connecting seat 1-2 and the closed cover plate 2-4. The structure of the closed cover plate 2-4 matches the opening structure of the connecting seat 1-2, and is fixedly connected to the opening side of the connecting seat 1-2 by bolts. This design facilitates the installation, replacement and maintenance of the components of the shear energy dissipation part 2 and the vertical energy dissipation unit, while maintaining the stability and integrity of the structure.

[0055] The bearing plate 3-4 is in direct contact with the pressure-bearing steel plate 3-3, and a gap of 3 - 5 cm is reserved between it and the connecting seat 1-2; a gap of 2 - 3 cm is left between the bottom of the bearing plate 3-4 and the fitting part of the shear energy dissipation plate 2-2. These gaps allow the bearing plate 3-4 to move vertically, realizing the effective vertical energy dissipation of the rubber layer 3-1. The rubber layer 3-1 is placed in the open box-shaped shear structure on the upper part of the box-shaped shear structure 2-2, and a gap of 2 - 3 cm is left between it and the side wall of the open box-shaped shear structure as a pre-deformation space to ensure that it can be fully deformed under the action of vertical load and realize effective vertical energy dissipation. The material of the rubber layer 3-1 is high-damping rubber, which can provide stable energy dissipation performance under the action of vertical load.

[0056] The third buffer pad body 3-4-1 is fixed in the embedded groove reserved at the bottom of the bearing plate 3-4. The embedded groove is located in the contact area between the open box-shaped shear structure on the upper part of the shear energy dissipation plate 2-2 and the bearing plate 3-4, and is used to protect the bearing from damage.

[0057] The materials of the first buffer pad body 2-3-1, the second buffer pad body 2-3-2 and the third buffer pad body 3-4-1 are any one of high damping rubber, polyurethane rubber, silicone rubber, neoprene rubber or EPDM rubber, etc. The buffer pad body is fixed on the corresponding contact surface by means of adhesive bonding or mechanical clamping.

[0058] There is at least a 10-cm space reserved between the device and the stair beam to ensure that the device can deform sufficiently during an earthquake, so as to achieve an effective seismic isolation and vibration reduction function. The design of the reserved space takes into account the maximum expected displacement under earthquake action to ensure that the device can still work properly under extreme conditions.

[0059] All the reserved deformation spaces and voids in the device are filled with flexible fillers. The flexible fillers are used to provide additional buffering and sealing effects without affecting the relative movement of each component, so as to enhance the overall stability and durability of the device. The material of the flexible filler is any one of high elastic rubber, polyurethane foam or silica gel.

Claims

1. A multi-stage seismic isolation and damping device applied to a stairwell, characterized in that, Comprising: A base (1-1) whose bottom is connected to the overhanging plate of the rest platform; A support top plate (3-4) whose top is connected to the bottom of the stair flight slab, and a connecting seat (1-2) arranged between the base (1-1) and the support top plate (3-4); The lower surface of the connecting seat is connected to the upper surface of the base (1-1) through a friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism. The connecting seat (1-2) can swing horizontally and laterally relative to the base (1-1) through the friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism for energy dissipation; An elastic connecting member is vertically connected between the connecting seat and the base. One end of the elastic connecting member is fixedly connected to the connecting seat, and the other end is fixedly connected to the base; The upper part of the connecting seat (1-2) is provided with a shear groove, and a box-shaped shear structure is arranged in the shear groove. The upper part of the box-shaped shear structure is open. Wing-shaped bearing steel plates extend from the left and right sides of the box body of the box-shaped shear structure. A first friction energy dissipation layer is arranged between the bottom of the box-shaped shear structure and the bottom of the shear groove. The shear energy dissipation plates on the left and right sides of the box-shaped shear structure are connected to the inner wall of the shear groove of the connecting seat through a viscoelastic energy dissipation material layer; An electromagnetic component is arranged between the connecting seat and the box-shaped shear structure. The electromagnetic component can fix the horizontal lateral displacement and horizontal longitudinal displacement of the box-shaped shear structure relative to the connecting seat in the power-off state, or enable the box-shaped shear structure to have horizontal lateral displacement and horizontal longitudinal displacement relative to the connecting seat in the power-on state to shear the viscoelastic energy dissipation material layer for energy dissipation; A vertical vibration isolation unit is arranged inside the box body of the box-shaped shear structure; The bottom of the support top plate (3-4) is provided with an embedding groove matching the upper opening edge of the box-shaped shear structure. The part of the bottom between the embedding grooves is connected to the bottom of the box body of the box-shaped shear structure through a vertical vibration isolation unit; An earthquake acceleration sensor (4-9) for detecting earthquake signals; A control unit (4-10) whose signal input end is connected to the earthquake acceleration sensor (4-9), and whose signal output end is electrically connected to the electromagnetic component.

2. The multi-stage seismic isolation and damping device applied to the stairwell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism includes: A base arc sliding surface arranged on the upper surface of the base (1-1); A connecting seat arc sliding surface arranged on the lower surface of the connecting seat (1-2) and corresponding to the base arc sliding surface. After the base (1-1) and the connecting seat (1-2) are butted up and down, a partition cavity is formed between the base arc sliding surface and the connecting seat arc sliding surface, and a slider is slidably arranged in the partition cavity; The upper surface of the base is provided with a polygonal base embedding groove (1-1-2), the lower surface of the connecting seat is provided with a polygonal connecting seat embedding groove (1-2-2), the lower base (1-4-1) of the elastic connecting member is embedded in the polygonal base embedding groove (1-1-2), the upper base (1-4-2) of the elastic connecting member is embedded in the polygonal connecting seat embedding groove (1-2-2), and is fixedly connected to the base (1-1) and the connecting seat (1-2) through an elastic member fixing bolt.

3. The multi-stage isolation and shock absorption device applied to the stairwell according to claim 2, wherein The number of the partition cavities is multiple. A limiting protrusion (1-1-4) is provided on the upper surface of the base (1-1). A limiting groove (1-2-4) corresponding to the position of the limiting protrusion is provided on the lower surface of the connecting seat (1-2). Each two partition cavities are matched and fitted through the limiting protrusion (1-1-4) and the limiting groove (1-2-4) to limit the horizontal displacement of the base (1-1) and the connecting seat (1-2) in the horizontal longitudinal direction; Second friction energy dissipation layers are respectively provided on the base arc sliding surface and the connecting seat arc sliding surface forming each partition cavity.

4. The multi-stage isolation and shock absorption device applied to the stairwell according to claim 3, wherein, Both the first friction energy dissipation layer and the second friction energy dissipation layer are polytetrafluoroethylene layers.

5. The multi-stage isolation and shock absorption device applied to the stairwell according to claim 1, characterized in that One end of the connecting seat where the shear groove is located is open, and a closed cover plate is detachably connected to the open end.

6. The multi-stage isolation and shock absorption device applied to the stairwell according to claim 5, characterized in that, The seismic acceleration sensor and the control unit are installed on the closed cover plate.

7. The multi-stage isolation and shock absorption device applied to the stairwell according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of electromagnetic component installation grooves are formed in the connecting seat along the horizontal transverse direction and the horizontal longitudinal direction. One electromagnetic component is installed in each electromagnetic component installation groove. Each electromagnetic component has the same structure, including: A pre-tightening spring, one end of which is connected to the electromagnetic coil fixing seat, and the other end is connected to one end of the armature rod through a threaded connecting seat; An electromagnetic coil is installed on the electromagnetic coil fixing seat; A housing coaxially sleeved outside the pre-tightening spring and the electromagnetic coil; When the electromagnetic coil is in a power-off state, the other end of the armature rod is in tight contact with the outer wall of the box-shaped shear structure under the action of the elastic force of the pre-tightening spring; When the electromagnetic coil is in a power-on state, the other end of the armature rod can overcome the elastic force of the pre-tightening spring and separate from the outer wall of the box-shaped shear structure by a certain distance.

8. The multi-stage seismic isolation and damping device applied to the stairwell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical vibration isolation unit is a structure of alternately arranged rubber layers and pressure-bearing steel plates. A gap for the deformation of the vertical vibration isolation unit is provided between the lower surface of the support top plate (3-4) and the upper part of the connecting seat (1-2).

9. The multi-stage isolation and shock absorption device applied to the stairwell according to claim 1, characterized in that, First cushion grooves are respectively provided on the two side walls along the horizontal transverse direction of the shear groove. First cushion bodies are provided in the first cushion grooves. The first cushion bodies are used for buffering the extreme positions of the box-shaped shear structure (2-2) in the horizontal transverse direction; Second cushion grooves are respectively provided on the two side walls along the horizontal longitudinal direction of the shear groove. Second cushion bodies are provided in the second cushion grooves. The second cushion bodies are used for buffering the extreme positions of the box-shaped shear structure (2-2) in the horizontal longitudinal direction; A third cushion body (3-4-1) is bonded in the embedded groove reserved at the bottom of the support top plate (3-4).

10. The damping method of the multi-stage seismic isolation and damping device applied to a staircase according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, When an earthquake does not occur, the electromagnetic components are in a power-off state, restricting the movement of the box-shaped shear structure (2-2), ensuring that the device will not perform unnecessary energy-consuming actions due to external vibrations during daily use; at the same time, the energy-consuming part (1) of the friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism will not be activated during daily use, further ensuring the stability of the device under non-seismic conditions; When an earthquake occurs, the earthquake acceleration sensor (4-9) detects the earthquake signal and transmits the signal to the control unit (4-10). The control unit (4-10) triggers the electromagnetic component to be energized, and the electromagnetic component separates from the box-shaped shear structure. The shear energy dissipation plate on the box-shaped shear structure shears the viscoelastic energy dissipation layer to absorb the energy of medium and small earthquakes in the horizontal direction; The greater the earthquake force, the higher the current intensity of the electromagnetic coil and the greater the separation distance; The bearing top plate (3-4) squeezes the vertical vibration isolation unit, and the vertical vibration isolation unit absorbs the vertical earthquake energy through elastic deformation; When the stairwell is subjected to a strong earthquake or a rare earthquake in the horizontal direction, the side of the plate wing part of the box-shaped shear structure (2-2) impacts the side wall of the box-shaped shear structure, thereby prompting the energy dissipation part of the friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism to reach the starting sliding force. When the earthquake force is large enough to overcome the static friction of the friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism, the connecting seat (1-2) starts to move horizontally in the transverse direction, and then the horizontal direction energy dissipation is realized through the friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism; the elastic connecting piece (1-4) is in a pre-compressed state in the installation state. As the friction pendulum energy dissipation mechanism starts to work, the elastic connecting piece (1-4) gradually changes from the pre-compressed state to the tension state. This change causes the normal force on the slider (1-5) to change, and then the friction force between the slider (1-5) and the friction layer is dynamically adjusted to achieve the variable friction effect; After the earthquake ends, the resilience of the elastic connecting piece (1-4) and the geometric design of the sliding surface act together to prompt the base and the connecting seat to return to the initial state; At the same time, the control unit (4-10) controls the current converter to change the current direction in the electromagnetic coil. The magnetic field in the electromagnetic coil changes, and the electromagnetic coil attracts and then repels the armature rod, and cooperates with the spring to make the box-shaped shear structure return to its original position, and re-restricts the horizontal transverse displacement and horizontal longitudinal displacement of the box-shaped shear structure, so that the box-shaped shear structure quickly returns to the initial position and realizes the self-resetting function.

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