Force measuring device, force measuring system, underwater force measuring system and testing method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of wave force testing in a water environment, in particular to a force measuring device, a force measuring system, an underwater force measuring system and a testing method. The force measuring device comprises a containing bin, and a groove is formed in the bottom of the containing bin; at least one part of the to-be-tested device is positioned in the accommodating bin; the testing structure is used for testing the stress of the device to be tested, the testing structure is located in the containing bin, and the top of the testing structure is equal to or lower than the top of the groove. According to the force measuring device, the stress of the device to be measured can be tested, the testing structure is located in the groove in the bottom of the containing bin, the top of the testing structure is equal to or lower than the top of the groove, and therefore the influence on a flow field in the containing bin is greatly reduced, the measuring accuracy of the stress of the device to be measured through the testing structure is effectively improved, and meanwhile the testing structure is simple in structure and convenient to use. More importantly, according to the force measuring device, the specific shape of the upper to-be-measured device does not need to be limited, and the application range of the to-be-measured device capable of being measured is greatly enlarged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wave force testing in a water environment, and particularly to a force measuring device, a force measuring system, an underwater force measuring system and a testing method. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, as the structural form of offshore breakwaters has gradually become more complex, when conducting wave model tests in a storage bin (preferably a tank or a pool), the traditional pressure measurement integration method (directly pasting patches on the device to be tested, whose structure will affect the flow field near the device to be tested) cannot obtain the vertical, horizontal and overturning moments (hereinafter referred to as "total force") of the device to be tested well, resulting in the inability to accurately obtain the total force of the device to be tested. And accurately obtaining the total force of the device to be tested is very important for judging and evaluating the comprehensive performance (survivability) of offshore structures.

[0003] In addition, since the method of directly pasting patches on the device to be tested has strict limitations on the overall shape of the device to be tested, if the device to be tested is of a special shape, a large amount of manpower and material resources are required to calculate the patch positions, which greatly increases the measurement difficulty. Therefore, currently, the traditional pressure measurement integration method generally cannot accurately obtain the total force of a special-shaped device to be tested. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiency that the traditional pressure measurement integration method in the prior art cannot obtain the vertical, horizontal and overturning moments of the device to be tested well, and provide a force measuring device, a force measuring system, an underwater force measuring system and a testing method.

[0005] In a first aspect, a force measuring device according to the present invention includes

[0006] a test structure for testing the force on the device to be tested, and the upper part of the test structure is for placing the device to be tested.

[0007] a connection structure disposed on the test structure, and the connection structure is for connecting the device to be tested.

[0008] For a force measuring device according to the present application, a connection structure is disposed on the test structure for connecting the device to be tested. The force on the device to be tested can be tested through the test structure, and the test structure is located below the device to be tested, thereby greatly reducing or avoiding the influence of the test structure on the horizontal surrounding flow field of the device to be tested, and effectively improving the measurement accuracy of the force on the device to be tested by the test structure.

[0009] Moreover, more importantly, for a force measuring device according to the present application, since the test structure is located below the device to be tested and the test structure is not disposed on the side of the device to be tested, there is no need to limit the specific shape of the upper device to be tested, and the applicable range of the device to be tested that can be measured is greatly increased.

[0010] In summary, the force measuring device described in this application can not only effectively improve the measurement accuracy of the force applied by the test structure to the device under test, but more importantly, it does not need to limit the specific shape of the upper device under test, greatly increasing the applicable range of the devices under test that can be measured.

[0011] Preferably, the test structure includes a base, above which the device under test is placed, and the connection structure is arranged on the base.

[0012] Preferably, a vertical force measuring device is arranged at the bottom of the base, and the vertical force measuring device supports the base.

[0013] Preferably, there is a point contact between the vertical force measuring device and the base, which is used to reduce the friction between the vertical force measuring device and the base, making the measurement result of the test structure more accurate.

[0014] Specifically preferably, the contact surface between the vertical force measuring device and the base is a spherical surface.

[0015] Specifically preferably, the contact surface between the base and the vertical force measuring device is a spherical surface.

[0016] Preferably, the base is only supported by the vertical force measuring device.

[0017] Preferably, the pre-tightening force range of the vertical force measuring device is 0 - 100 kg.

[0018] Preferably, there are at least 3 vertical force measuring devices, which can form a stable support.

[0019] Preferably, a pressure measuring device is arranged on the outer surface of the base.

[0020] An installation hole is provided on the base, and the pressure measuring device is arranged in the installation hole.

[0021] Specifically preferably, the pressure measuring device is arranged on the top surface of the base.

[0022] Specifically preferably, the pressure measuring device is arranged on the end face of the base along the first direction.

[0023] In a specific experiment, preferably, the first direction is the direction in which the fluid wave moves.

[0024] Preferably, longitudinal force measuring devices are arranged at both opposite ends of the base along the first direction, and the longitudinal force measuring devices point to the base.

[0025] Preferably, there is a point contact between the longitudinal force measuring device and the base.

[0026] Preferably, the contact surface between the longitudinal force measuring device and the base is a spherical surface.

[0027] Preferably, the contact surface between the base and the longitudinal force measuring device is a spherical surface.

[0028] Preferably, it further includes a support, the support is connected to the longitudinal force measuring device, and the longitudinal force measuring device can move vertically relative to the support.

[0029] Preferably, along the first direction, the base can only abut against the longitudinal force measuring device. With such a design, the longitudinal force measuring device can directly obtain the horizontal force of the wave.

[0030] In the above solution, the abutment between the base and the longitudinal force measuring device is: the base is in contact with the longitudinal force measuring device and can transmit the longitudinal force, and the longitudinal direction is the first direction.

[0031] Preferably, transverse force measuring devices are arranged on both sides of the base along the second direction, and the transverse force measuring devices point to the base.

[0032] Preferably, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0033] Preferably, the distance between the transverse force measuring device and the protruding structure is 0.1 - 2 mm.

[0034] Preferably, a protruding structure is convexly arranged on the side surface of the base along the first direction, and transverse force measuring devices are arranged on both sides of the protruding structure along the second direction, and the transverse force measuring devices point to the protruding structure.

[0035] Preferably, the width of the protruding structure along the second direction is smaller than the width of the base along the second direction.

[0036] Preferably, along the second direction, the sum of the width L1 of the protruding structure and the lengths L2 of the transverse force measuring devices on both sides is smaller than the width D1 of the base, that is, L1 + 2L2 < D1.

[0037] Preferably, along the second direction, the distance between the transverse force measuring device and the protruding structure is 0.1 - 2 mm.

[0038] Preferably, the transverse force measuring device is in point contact with the protruding structure.

[0039] Preferably, the contact surface between the transverse force measuring device and the protruding structure is a spherical surface.

[0040] Preferably, the contact surface between the protruding structure and the transverse force measuring device is a spherical surface.

[0041] Preferably, a first limiting structure is further included. The first limiting structure includes two limiting seats fixedly arranged at intervals along the second direction. The protruding structure is located between the two limiting seats, and the limiting seat is connected to the corresponding lateral force measuring device.

[0042] Preferably, the first direction is horizontally arranged.

[0043] Preferably, the second direction is horizontally arranged.

[0044] Preferably, the base is of a box-shaped structure. The box-shaped structure is convenient for manufacturing and installation, and is also more convenient for calculating the average value or peak value of the total force obtained by integrating the hydrodynamic pressure acting on the base.

[0045] Preferably, a cavity is arranged inside the base, and a ballast structure is arranged inside the cavity. The ballast structure is used to adjust the pre-tightening force of the vertical force measuring device and can also increase the stability of the testing device.

[0046] Preferably, the top of the base is open, and the open part of the base is covered with a top cover.

[0047] Preferably, through holes are vertically penetrated through the base to further reduce or eliminate the wave force received by the base itself.

[0048] Preferably, the connecting structure includes bolts and / or buckles.

[0049] In a second aspect, a force measuring system according to the present invention includes

[0050] a force measuring device as described in the present application;

[0051] a receiving bin;

[0052] a groove opened at the bottom of the receiving bin, and the testing structure is arranged in the groove;

[0053] a device to be tested, at least a part of which is located in the receiving bin, and the device to be tested is connected above the testing structure through the connecting structure.

[0054] A force measuring system described in the present application can test the force received by a device to be tested. The testing structure is located in a groove at the bottom of the receiving bin, and the top of the testing structure is equal to or lower than the top of the groove, thereby greatly reducing the influence on the flow field in the receiving bin, effectively improving the measurement accuracy of the force received by the device to be tested by the testing structure. Moreover, more importantly, a force measuring device described in the present application does not need to limit the specific shape of the upper device to be tested, and the applicable range of the device to be tested that can be measured is greatly increased.

[0055] Preferably, the top of the test structure is flush with or lower than the top of the groove, so that the test structure can avoid or have a very small impact on the flow field in the accommodation chamber.

[0056] Preferably, the test structure is detachably connected to the test structure through the connection structure.

[0057] Preferably, along the first direction, there is a first gap between the base and the groove wall on the corresponding side.

[0058] Along the first direction, there is a first gap between the base and the groove wall on the corresponding side.

[0059] Preferably, the first gap is 0.5 - 10 mm.

[0060] Preferably, at least one side of the base is convexly provided with a first cover plate, the first cover plate is located above the longitudinal force measuring device, and along the first direction, there is the first gap between the first cover plate and the groove wall on the corresponding side.

[0061] Preferably, a first cover plate is provided on the upper part of the groove, the first cover plate is located above the longitudinal force measuring device, and along the first direction, there is a first gap between the first cover plate and the base.

[0062] Preferably, along the second direction, there is a second gap between the base and the groove wall.

[0063] Preferably, the second gap is 0.5 - 10 mm.

[0064] Preferably, the end of the base along the second direction is convexly provided with a second cover plate, and along the second direction, there is the second gap between the second cover plate and the groove wall on the corresponding side.

[0065] Preferably, a second cover plate is provided on the upper part of the groove, and along the second direction, there is the second gap between the second cover plate and the base.

[0066] Preferably, the accommodation chamber contains a power fluid.

[0067] Preferably, there are at least two test structures, and the adjacent test structures are arranged side by side along the second direction.

[0068] Preferably, a force measuring system according to the present application further includes a calibration structure, the calibration structure includes a flexible rope, one end of the flexible rope is connected to the device under test, the other end is connected with a first loading structure, and a calibration force measuring device is arranged on the flexible rope.

[0069] A force measuring system described in this application measures the flexible rope by applying an external force to the device under test and calibrating the force measuring device, so as to calibrate the test results of the test structure, making the total force results of the device under test measured by the subsequent test structure more accurate.

[0070] Preferably, a force measuring system described in this application further includes a pulley, which cooperates with the flexible rope; the flexible rope is in a tensioned state.

[0071] Preferably, the flexible rope is used to provide a pulling force in the first direction for the device under test.

[0072] Preferably, the flexible rope includes a first section and a second section, which are connected by an elastic member, and the elastic member is located between the pulley and the first loading structure.

[0073] Preferably, it further includes a base, the accommodation chamber is arranged on the base, and the first loading structure is connected to the base.

[0074] In a third aspect, this application discloses an underwater force measuring system, including a force measuring system described in this application. Water is provided in both the accommodation chamber and the groove. The test structure is located in water, and at least a part of the device under test is located in water.

[0075] In the underwater force measuring system described in this application, the test structure is located in water and can measure the force on the device under test caused by waves. The test structure is located in a groove at the bottom of the accommodation chamber. The test structure is located in the groove, thus greatly reducing or avoiding the influence on the water flow field in the accommodation chamber, effectively improving the measurement accuracy of the force on the device under test by the test structure in the water environment. Moreover, more importantly, the force measuring device described in this application does not need to limit the specific shape of the upper device under test, and its applicable range of the device under test that can be measured in the water environment is greatly increased.

[0076] Specifically preferably, whether the water is seawater or fresh water depends on the specific working conditions, and seawater is preferred.

[0077] Preferably, a wave generating mechanism is arranged in the accommodation chamber.

[0078] Preferably, the device under test is a wave dissipation structure.

[0079] In a fourth aspect, this application discloses a test method, which is based on a vertical force measuring device and a longitudinal force measuring device, and includes the following steps:

[0080] S1: Obtain the force parameters of the vertical force measuring device and the longitudinal force measuring device and the base surface pressure parameters.

[0081] S2. Input the force parameters of the vertical force measuring device and the longitudinal force measuring device and the base surface pressure parameters into the total force test model for calculation to obtain the wave force and / or moment received by the device under test.

[0082] Preferably, the total force test model includes:

[0083] H = -(r1 + r2 - r3 - r4)

[0084]

[0085] V = -(r5 + r6 + r7 + r8)

[0086] Wherein, H is the horizontal total force; M is the overturning total moment; V is the vertical total force; r1,..., r4 are the sequential readings of the longitudinal force measuring device, r5,..., r8 are the sequential readings of the vertical force measuring device, z1,..., z a is the vertical coordinate of the longitudinal force measuring device, x5,..., x8 are the horizontal coordinates of the vertical force measuring device; x b and z b are the reference point coordinates of the top surface of the test structure; δ j is the moment direction coefficient.

[0087] Preferably, the total force test model includes:

[0088] Calculation formula for the horizontal total force H:

[0089] H = -(r1 + r2 - r3 - r4) + ∫∫ 基底 (P HL + P HR )dA

[0090] Calculation formula for the overturning total moment M:

[0091]

[0092] Calculation formula for the vertical force V:

[0093] V = -(r5 + r6 + r7 + r8) + ∫∫ 基底 (P VU + P VB )dA

[0094] Wherein: In the above formula, P VU is the pressure at any point on the top surface of the test structure, x u is the pressure force arm from this point on the top surface of the test structure to the reference point; P VB is the pressure at any point on the bottom surface of the test structure, x B is the pressure force arm from this point on the bottom surface of the test structure to the reference point; P HLTo test the pressure at any point on one end face of the structure along the first direction, Z L To test the pressure force arm from this point to the reference point on one end face of the structure along the first direction; P HR To test the pressure at any point on the other end face of the structure along the first direction; Z R To test the pressure force arm from this point to the reference point on the other end face of the structure along the first direction.

[0095] Preferably, it further includes an external force correction step:

[0096] Apply a first external force along the first direction to the device under test and obtain the first external force parameter;

[0097] Based on the force parameters of the vertical force measuring device, the force parameters of the longitudinal force measuring device, and the first external force parameter, obtain at least one of the horizontal force deviation parameter and the overturning moment deviation parameter of the base;

[0098] Add at least one of the horizontal force deviation parameter and the overturning moment deviation parameter of the base to the total force test model to obtain a corrected total force test model.

[0099] Preferably, the horizontal force deviation parameter e of the base H :

[0100] e H =t H -H1

[0101] Preferably, the overturning moment deviation parameter e of the base M :

[0102] e M =t H z H -M1

[0103] In the formula, t H is the tension measured by the calibration force measuring device, z H is the vertical distance from the top surface of the test structure to the tension measured by the calibration force measuring device, H1 is the measured total horizontal force, and M1 is the measured overturning moment.

[0104] Preferably, it further includes a correction step:

[0105] Establish a friction force correction model based on a force measuring device described in this application;

[0106] Add the friction force correction model to the total force test model to obtain a corrected total force test model.

[0107] Preferably, the magnitude of the friction force between the test structure and the contacting structure is linearly related to the amplitude change and the time change rate of the force state of the test structure.

[0108] Preferably, the corrected total force test model:

[0109]

[0110] δr j (t) = r j (t) - r j (0)

[0111]

[0112] H' = H + f5 + f6 - f7 - f8

[0113]

[0114] Wherein, is the time rate of change; δr j (t) is the change in the amplitude of the test structural force state; r j is the sequential reading of the longitudinal force measuring device (22) or the vertical force measuring device (23); c1 and c2 are constant term coefficients; H′ is the corrected horizontal total force; M′ is the corrected overturning total moment; H is the horizontal total force; M is the overturning total moment; f5, f6, f7, f8 are the frictions between the vertical force measuring device (23) and the base (21); x w and z w are the coordinates of the moment reference point.

[0115] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0116] The force measuring device described in the present application can not only effectively improve the measurement accuracy of the force exerted by the test structure on the device to be measured, but more importantly, it does not need to limit the specific shape of the upper device to be measured, and the applicable range of the device to be measured that can be measured is greatly increased. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0117] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a force measuring device of the present application.

[0118] Figure 2 is a top view schematic diagram of a force measuring device of the present application.

[0119] Figure 3 is the appendix of the present application Figure 2 The B-B top view schematic diagram in.

[0120] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a force measuring system of the present application.

[0121] Figure 5 is a top view schematic diagram of a force measuring system of the present application.

[0122] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the groove setting for this application.

[0123] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the hole setting on the base for this application.

[0124] Figure 8 Front view schematic diagram of the total force model in a force test method for this application.

[0125] Figure 9 Left view schematic diagram of the total force model in a force test method for this application.

[0126] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the total force model with correction in a force test method for this application.

[0127] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the friction correction model in a force test method for this application.

[0128] Figure 12 Schematic diagram comparing the typical results measured by a force test method for this application with the Goda1974 wave caisson formula. Detailed implementation manners

[0129] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the above-mentioned subject matter of the present invention to the following embodiments. All technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0130] In the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention, without special explanation, the expression terms of the orientation or positional relationship such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "center", "inner", "outer", etc. are all based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship when the invention product / device / device is usually used and placed. These terms of orientation or positional relationship are only for the convenience of describing the solution of the present invention or simplifying the description in the specific embodiments, so as to facilitate technicians to quickly understand the solution, rather than indicating or implying that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0131] In addition, when terms such as "horizontal", "vertical", "hanging", "parallel", etc. appear, it does not mean that the corresponding device / component / element is required to be absolutely horizontal or vertical or hanging or parallel. Instead, it can be slightly inclined or deviated. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical", and it does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined. Or, it can be simply understood that the corresponding device / component / element is arranged in directions such as "horizontal", "vertical", "hanging", "parallel", etc., and can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction setting, more preferably an error / deviation within ±8%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±6%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±5%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the solution of the present invention.

[0132] In addition, when expressions such as "first", "second", "third", etc. appear in the terms, they are only used to distinguish the descriptions of the same or similar components, and should not be understood as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of specific components.

[0133] In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "multiple", "a number of" represent at least 2. It can be any situation such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, etc., or even more than 9.

[0134] In addition, in the description of the technical solution of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified / defined / restricted, when terms such as "set", "installed", "connected", "connected", "provided with", "laid", "arranged" appear, they should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It can be connection means commonly used in the art such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connection. Such a connection can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the communication inside two components.

[0135] Embodiment 1

[0136] In a first aspect, a force measuring device according to the present invention includes a test structure 2 for testing the force applied to a device under test 3, and the upper part of the test structure 2 is for placing the device under test 3.

[0137] For the force measuring device described in this embodiment, the test structure 2 is used to test the force applied to the device under test 3. During the test, the device under test 3 is placed above the test structure 2, thereby greatly reducing or avoiding the influence of the test structure 2 on the horizontal surrounding flow field of the device under test 3, and thus effectively improving the measurement accuracy of the force applied to the device under test 3 by the test structure 2.

[0138] Moreover, more importantly, for a force measuring device described in the present application, since the device under test 3 is located above the test structure 2 and the test structure 2 is not arranged on the side of the device under test 3, the specific shape of the upper device under test 3 does not need to be limited, and the applicable range of the device under test 3 that can be measured is greatly increased.

[0139] In a preferred embodiment, a force measuring device described in the present invention further includes a connection structure 5. The connection structure 5 is arranged on the test structure 2, and the connection structure 5 is used to connect the device under test 3.

[0140] For the force measuring device described in this embodiment, a connection structure 5 is arranged on the test structure 2 to connect the device under test 3. The force applied to the device under test 3 can be measured through the test structure 2, and the test structure 2 is located below the device under test 3, thereby greatly reducing or avoiding the influence of the test structure 2 on the horizontal surrounding flow field of the device under test 3, and effectively improving the measurement accuracy of the force applied to the device under test 3 by the test structure 2.

[0141] Moreover, more importantly, for a force measuring device described in the present application, since the test structure 2 is located below the device under test 3 and the test structure 2 is not arranged on the side of the device under test 3, the specific shape of the upper device under test 3 does not need to be limited, and the applicable range of the device under test 3 that can be measured is greatly increased.

[0142] In summary, a force measuring device described in the present application can not only effectively improve the measurement accuracy of the force applied to the device under test 3 by the test structure 2, but more importantly, it does not need to limit the specific shape of the upper device under test 3, and the applicable range of the device under test 3 that can be measured is greatly increased.

[0143] In a specific preferred embodiment, the test structure 2 includes a base 21. The upper part of the base 21 is used to place the device under test 3, and the connection structure 5 is arranged on the base 21. The base 21 serves as the base of the test structure 2.

[0144] Preferably, a vertical force measuring device 23 is arranged at the bottom of the base 21, and the vertical force measuring device 23 supports the base 21.

[0145] Preferably, there is a point contact between the vertical force measuring device 23 and the base 21, which is used to reduce the friction between the vertical force measuring device 23 and the base 21, so that the measurement result of the test structure 2 is more accurate.

[0146] Specifically preferably, the contact surface between the vertical force measuring device 23 and the base 21 is a spherical surface.

[0147] Specifically preferably, the contact surface between the base 21 and the vertical force measuring device 23 is a spherical surface.

[0148] Preferably, the base 21 is supported only by the vertical force measuring device 23.

[0149] Preferably, the pre-tightening force range of the vertical force measuring device 23 is 0 - 100 kg.

[0150] Preferably, there are at least three vertical force measuring devices 23, which can form a stable support.

[0151] Preferably, a pressure measuring device 29 is provided on the outer surface of the base 21.

[0152] An installation hole is provided on the base 21, and the pressure measuring device 29 is arranged in the installation hole.

[0153] Specifically preferably, the pressure measuring device 29 is provided on the top surface of the base 21.

[0154] Specifically preferably, the pressure measuring device 29 is provided on the end surface of the base 21 along the first direction.

[0155]

In a specific experiment, preferably, the first direction is the direction in which the fluid wave moves

[0156] In a preferred solution, longitudinal force measuring devices 22 are provided at opposite ends of the base 21 along the first direction, and the longitudinal force measuring devices 22 point to the base 21.

[0157] The number of the longitudinal force measuring devices 22 on one side of the longitudinal force measuring device 22 is at least one.

[0158] In a preferred solution, the longitudinal force measuring device 22 is in point contact with the base 21.

[0159] In a preferred solution, the contact surface between the longitudinal force measuring device 22 and the base 21 is a spherical surface.

[0160] In a preferred solution, the contact surface between the base 21 and the longitudinal force measuring device 22 is a spherical surface.

[0161] In a preferred solution, a support 24 is further included, the support 24 is connected to the longitudinal force measuring device 22, and the longitudinal force measuring device 22 can move vertically relative to the support 24.

[0162] In a preferred solution, the longitudinal force measuring device 22 moves vertically relative to the support 24 through a lead screw-nut pair.

[0163] In a preferred solution, along the first direction, the base 21 can only abut against the longitudinal force measuring device 22.

[0164] A preferred solution is that transverse force measuring devices 27 are arranged on both sides of the base 21 along the second direction, and the transverse force measuring devices 27 point to the base 21.

[0165] A preferred solution is that the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0166] A preferred solution is that the distance between the transverse force measuring device 27 and the protruding structure 25 is 0.1 - 2 mm.

[0167] A preferred solution is that the vertical force measuring device 23 and the longitudinal force measuring device 22 are both preferably force gauges, eight force gauges, four longitudinal and four vertical, in contact with the test structure at two points. Preferably, the force gauge is in point contact with the test structure 2 through an arc surface point; preferably, the force gauge is in point contact with the test structure 2, and a spherical surface is provided at the front end of the force gauge, and the spherical surface is in point contact with the test structure 2.

[0168] A preferred solution is that a protruding structure 25 is convexly provided on the side surface of the base 21 along the first direction, and transverse force measuring devices 27 are arranged on both sides of the protruding structure 25 along the second direction, and the transverse force measuring devices 27 point to the protruding structure 25.

[0169] A preferred solution is that the width of the protruding structure 25 along the second direction is less than the width of the base 21 along the second direction.

[0170] A preferred solution is that along the second direction, the sum of the width L1 of the protruding structure 25 and the lengths L2 of the two transverse force measuring devices 27 on both sides is less than the width D1 of the base 21, that is, L1 + 2L2 < D1.

[0171] A preferred solution is that along the second direction, the distance between the transverse force measuring device 27 and the protruding structure 25 is 0.1 - 2 mm.

[0172] A preferred solution is that the transverse force measuring device 27 is in point contact with the protruding structure 25.

[0173] A preferred solution is that the contact surface between the transverse force measuring device 27 and the protruding structure 25 is a spherical surface.

[0174] A preferred solution is that the contact surface between the protruding structure 25 and the transverse force measuring device 27 is a spherical surface.

[0175] A preferred solution further includes a first limiting structure 26, and the first limiting structure 26 includes two limiting seats 261 fixedly arranged at intervals along the second direction. The protruding structure 25 is located between the two limiting seats 261, and the limiting seat 261 is connected to the corresponding side transverse force measuring device 27.

[0176] The limit seat 261 is preferably a vertical plate.

[0177] The lateral force measuring device 27 is preferably a dynamometer.

[0178] The dynamometer in this embodiment is preferably selected from a resistance strain type sensor, a capacitive sensor, and a piezoelectric sensor. The resistance strain type sensor has a simple structure, good frequency response characteristics, high sensitivity, high measurement accuracy, etc. Its working principle is to use the strain gauge to generate a resistance change under the action of an external force, thereby realizing the conversion of weight and being widely used in occasions such as high-precision force value, torque, and pressure measurement. The capacitive sensor is known for its high sensitivity and fast response speed and is suitable for scenarios that require fast response and precise measurement. It measures the change in capacitance to reflect the weight of an object, but the output is non-linear and the load capacity is poor. Due to the existence of parasitic capacitance, not only the sensitivity is reduced, but also high-precision measurement cannot be achieved. The piezoelectric sensor uses the piezoelectric effect to convert the pressure generated by an object into a voltage signal to realize the measurement of weight. This sensor has the characteristics of a simple structure and stable performance, but the sensor itself has a large temperature drift and is easily affected by external magnetic fields or vibration noise, thus affecting the accuracy error.

[0179] In summary, considering the model force measurement method, the sensor installation form, the underwater application scenario, and the requirements for high-precision and high-frequency response of data acquisition, the resistance strain type sensor is selected for the mechanical measurement of the structural model of this application.

[0180] Preferably, the first direction is horizontally arranged.

[0181] Preferably, the second direction is horizontally arranged.

[0182] Preferably, the base 21 is of a box structure.

[0183] Preferably, a cavity 211 is provided inside the base 21, and a ballast structure 212 is provided inside the cavity 211.

[0184] Preferably, the top of the base 21 is open, and the open part of the base 21 is covered with a top cover 28.

[0185] The self-weight of the device 3 to be measured will provide a pre-tightening force to the four vertically arranged vertical force measuring devices 23. In addition, some ballast structures 212 can be added outside or inside the base 21, such as lead blocks, steel blocks, stones, etc., to further increase the pre-tightening force of the four vertical force measuring devices 23. The pre-tightening force can be applied to the horizontal test structure by setting a length adjusting device.

[0186] Increasing the pre-tightening force of the vertical force measuring device 23 and the longitudinal force measuring device 22 helps to protect the overall system structure and ensure measurement stability, while decreasing the pre-tightening force of the vertical force measuring device 23 and the longitudinal force measuring device 22 helps to reduce or even eliminate the friction force at the contact part of the measurement point. After multiple tests, it is confirmed that the appropriate range of the pre-tightening force of the test structure is 0 - 100 kg.

[0187] Embodiment 2

[0188] As Figures 1-6 shown, a force measuring system described in this embodiment includes a receiving chamber 1 and a groove 11 opened at the bottom of the receiving chamber 1, and further includes a force measuring device as described in Embodiment 1, and the test structure 2 is arranged in the groove 11.

[0189] In a preferred manner, a force measuring system described in this embodiment further includes a device under test 3, at least a part of which is located in the receiving chamber 1, and the device under test 3 is connected above the test structure 2 through the connection structure 5.

[0190] Specifically, a force measuring device described in this embodiment includes a receiving chamber 1, a device under test 3 and a test structure 2. A groove 11 is opened at the bottom of the receiving chamber 1; at least a part of the device under test 3 is located in the receiving chamber 1; the test structure 2 is used to test the force on the device under test 3, the test structure \alpha is located in the receiving chamber 1, and the top of the test structure 2 is equal to or lower than the top of the groove 11.

[0191] A force measuring system described in this embodiment can test the force on the device under test 3. The test structure 2 is located in the groove 11 at the bottom of the receiving chamber 1, and the top of the test structure 2 is equal to or lower than the top of the groove 11, thus greatly reducing the influence on the flow field in the receiving chamber 1, effectively improving the measurement accuracy of the test structure 2 for the force on the device under test 3. Moreover, more importantly, a force measuring device described in this application does not need to limit the specific shape of the upper device under test 3, and the applicable range of the device under test 3 that can be measured is greatly increased.

[0192] Preferably, the top of the test structure 2 is flush with the top of the groove 11 or lower than the top of the groove 11, so that the test structure 2 can avoid or have a very small influence on the flow field in the receiving chamber 1.

[0193] A force measuring device described in this application can test the force on the device under test 3. The test structure 2 is located in the groove 11 at the bottom of the receiving chamber 1, and the top of the test structure 2 is equal to or lower than the top of the groove 11, thus greatly reducing the influence on the flow field in the receiving chamber 1, effectively improving the measurement accuracy of the test structure 2 for the force on the device under test 3.

[0194] Meanwhile, for the underwater force measuring device described in this embodiment, since the test structure 2 is located inside the accommodation chamber 1 and the top of the test structure 2 is equal to or lower than the top of the groove 11, it does not need to be attached to the part of the device under test 3 located inside the accommodation chamber 1. Therefore, the force on the device under test 3 measured by it is not affected by the structural form of the device under test 3 itself. As a result, it can not only measure the force on the device under test with a regular shape, but also measure the force on the device under test with a special shape, enabling the underwater force measuring device described in this application to adapt to the force measurement of more devices under test 3 with different shapes.

[0195] In summary, for the force measuring device described in this embodiment, it can measure the force on the device under test 3. The test structure 2 is located in the groove 11 at the bottom of the accommodation chamber 1, and the top of the test structure 2 is equal to or lower than the top of the groove 11, thus greatly reducing the influence on the flow field inside the accommodation chamber 1, effectively improving the measurement accuracy of the force on the device under test 3 by the test structure 2. Moreover, more importantly, for the force measuring device described in this application, there is no need to limit the specific shape of the upper device under test 3, and the applicable range of the device under test 3 that can be measured is greatly increased.

[0196] This embodiment provides a force measuring device. Compared with the existing measurement technology based on a force measuring balance, it is a direct test structure that can directly measure and read the total force of the device under test 3. This device is buried in the groove 11 at the bottom of the accommodation chamber 1 without affecting the flow field inside the accommodation chamber 1.

[0197] A preferred method: The bottom of the groove 11 has a bottom plate 111. The device under test 3 located above the bottom plate 111 of the accommodation chamber 1 is connected to the test structure 2 located inside the groove 11 below the bottom plate 111 of the accommodation chamber 1. The device under test 3 is arranged above the test structure 2 and at least partially protrudes upward from the groove 11.

[0198] Further preferably, the test structure 2 is detachably connected to the test structure 2 through the connection structure 5, and this connection can adopt the "slipping in" method to facilitate the installation and replacement of the device under test 3.

[0199] A further preferred method: The device under test 3 and the test structure 2 can be slidably matched longitudinally and are relatively fixed through the connection structure 5. The connection structure 5 is preferably a bolt or a buckle.

[0200] A preferred method: The bottom of the groove 11 has a first structure 112. The top surface of the first structure 112 is the bottom surface of the groove 11. The first structure 112 is preferably a plate member. The vertical force measuring device 23 is supported on the first structure 112; the support 24 is detachably connected to the first structure 112, preferably by bolt connection.

[0201] For a further preferred local solution, a first limiting structure 26 is connected to the first structure 112. The first limiting structure 26 includes two vertically arranged plates spaced apart from each other, and a transverse force measuring device 27 is correspondingly installed on the two vertically arranged plates. The protruding structure 25 is located between the two vertically arranged plates.

[0202] The force sensor of this embodiment is preferably a resistance strain type sensor, a capacitive sensor or a piezoelectric sensor. The resistance strain type sensor has a simple structure, good frequency response characteristics, high sensitivity, high measurement accuracy, etc. Its working principle is to utilize the resistance change of the strain gauge under the action of external force to realize the conversion of weight, and it has been widely used in occasions such as high-precision force value, torque, pressure measurement. The capacitive sensor is famous for its high sensitivity and fast response speed, and is suitable for scenarios that require fast response and accurate measurement. It reflects the weight of an object by measuring the change in capacitance, but the output is non-linear and the load capacity is poor. Due to the existence of parasitic capacitance, not only the sensitivity is reduced, but also high-precision measurement cannot be achieved. The piezoelectric sensor utilizes the piezoelectric effect to convert the pressure generated by an object into a voltage signal to realize the measurement of weight. This sensor has the characteristics of simple structure and stable performance, but the sensor itself has a large temperature drift and is easily affected by external magnetic fields or vibration noises, thus affecting the accuracy error.

[0203] In summary, considering the model force measurement method, the sensor installation form, the underwater application scenario, and the requirements for high-precision and high-frequency response of data acquisition, a resistance strain type sensor is selected for the mechanical measurement of the structure model of this application.

[0204] The device 3 to be measured in the upper part can be of any shape and any structure.

[0205] A preferred method: along the first direction, there is a first gap between the base 21 and the groove wall of the corresponding side of the groove 11.

[0206] Along the first direction, there is a first gap between the base 21 and the groove wall of the corresponding side of the groove 11.

[0207] A further preferred method is that the first gap is 0.5 - 10 mm.

[0208] To ensure that all external forces received by the device 3 to be measured are captured by the vertical force measuring device 23 and the longitudinal force measuring device 22, the test structure 2 needs to have no contact with the periphery of the groove 11. Therefore, there are gaps between this device and the surrounding groove walls and the first cover plate 12. And the recommended value of this gap is 0.5 - 10 mm, and this can effectively reduce the hydrodynamic force caused by part of the dynamic water pressure when the wave passes, and this part of the force is not the model force.

[0209] When necessary, a pressure measuring device 29 is provided on the structural surface of the base 21. If the average value or peak value of the total force obtained by integrating the hydrodynamic pressure acting on the base 21 is less than 1-3% of the average value or peak value of the total force measured by the device 3 to be measured, the resultant force measured by the 8 dynamometers is reversed in sign, which is the resultant force received by the device 3 to be measured as required. Otherwise, it is necessary to perform pressure integration on the surface of the base 21 to obtain the total force received by the base 21 during the test and subtract it from the former.

[0210] The test structure 2 can be of any shape, but a box-shaped structure is convenient for manufacturing, installation, and calculating the pressure integration correction problem described in the previous paragraph.

[0211] Alternatively, a porous box-shaped structure is adopted to further reduce or eliminate the wave force received by the base 21 itself.

[0212] A preferred method: at least one side of the base 21 is convexly provided with a first cover plate 12, the first cover plate 12 is located above the longitudinal force measuring device 22, and along the first direction, there is a first gap between the first cover plate 12 and the groove wall of the corresponding side of the groove 11.

[0213] A preferred method: a first cover plate 12 is provided on the upper part of the groove 11, the first cover plate 12 is located above the longitudinal force measuring device 22, and along the first direction, there is a first gap between the first cover plate 12 and the base 21.

[0214] A preferred method: along the second direction, there is a second gap between the base 21 and the groove wall of the groove 11.

[0215] A preferred method: the second gap is 0.5-10 mm.

[0216] A preferred method: the end of the base 21 along the second direction is convexly provided with a second cover plate 14, and along the second direction, there is a second gap between the second cover plate 14 and the groove wall of the corresponding side of the groove 11.

[0217] A preferred method: a second cover plate 14 is provided on the upper part of the groove 11, and along the second direction, there is a second gap between the second cover plate 14 and the base 21.

[0218] A preferred method: the accommodation chamber 1 contains a power fluid.

[0219] A preferred method: a force measuring system described in this application further includes a calibration structure 4. The calibration structure 4 includes a flexible rope 41. One end of the flexible rope 41 is connected to the device 3 to be measured, and the other end is connected to a first loading structure 42. A calibration force measuring device 43 is provided on the flexible rope 41.

[0220] A force measuring system described in this application measures the flexible rope 41 by applying an external force to the device under test 3 and calibrating the force measuring device 43, and corrects the test results of the test structure 2, so that the total force results of the device under test 3 tested by the subsequent test structure 2 are more accurate.

[0221] A preferred way: A force measuring system described in this application further includes a pulley 44, which cooperates with the flexible rope 41; the flexible rope 41 is in a tensioned state.

[0222] Further preferably, the flexible rope 41 is used to provide a pulling force in the first direction for the device under test 3.

[0223] A preferred way: The pulley 44 is a fixed pulley.

[0224] Specifically preferably, it further includes a calibration base 45. Calibration brackets 46 are arranged at intervals on the calibration base 45. The top of the calibration bracket 46 is connected with a first rotating shaft 47, and the pulley 44 is rotationally matched with the first rotating shaft 47.

[0225] A preferred way: The pulley 44 can move relative to the first rotating shaft 47 along the length direction of the first rotating shaft 47. More preferably, a copper sleeve is arranged between the pulley 44 and the first rotating shaft 47.

[0226] A preferred way: A force measuring system described in this embodiment further includes a calibration structure 4. The calibration structure 4 includes a flexible rope 41. One end of the flexible rope 41 is connected to the device under test 3, and the other end is connected to a first loading structure 42. A calibration force measuring device 43 is arranged on the flexible rope 41.

[0227] A force measuring system described in this embodiment measures the flexible rope 41 by applying an external force to the device under test 3 and calibrating the force measuring device 43, and corrects the test results of the test structure 2, so that the total force results of the device under test 3 tested by the subsequent test structure 2 are more accurate.

[0228] A preferred way: The flexible rope 41 includes a first section 411 and a second section 412. The first section 411 and the second section 412 are connected by an elastic member 48, and the elastic member 48 is located between the pulley 44 and the first loading structure 42.

[0229] A preferred way: It further includes a foundation 6. The accommodation chamber 1 is arranged on the foundation 6, and the first loading structure 42 is connected to the foundation 6. The first loading structure 42 is preferably a reciprocating loading oil cylinder, and more preferably a numerically controlled reciprocating loading oil cylinder.

[0230] A preferred way: There are at least two of the test structures 2, and the adjacent test structures 2 are arranged side by side in the second direction.

[0231] A preferred way: When two or more test structures 2 are arranged side by side, lateral limiting devices are supplemented at the head and tail ends of the model if necessary.

[0232] A preferred way: All the test structures 2 are arranged in the groove 11.

[0233] A preferred way: The flexible rope 41 includes a first section 411 and a second section 412, and the first section 411 and the second section 412 are connected by an elastic member 48, and the elastic member 48 is located between the pulley 44 and the first loading structure 42.

[0234] A preferred way: It further includes a foundation 6, the accommodation bin 1 is arranged on the foundation 6, and the first loading structure 42 is connected to the foundation 6.

[0235] The first loading structure 42 is preferably a counterweight, such as a block structure. The first loading structure 42 is preferably a loading oil cylinder.

[0236] Specifically, the elastic member 48 is preferably a spring. The spring is arranged vertically, and both ends of the spring are connected to the first section 411 and the second section 412.

[0237] The elastic member 48 is preferably used in cooperation with the first loading structure 42 to achieve the effect of cyclic loading, and at the same time, it can better control the amplitude and precision of the loading, so that the precision is relatively high.

[0238] More specifically and preferably, the spring and the loading oil cylinder are used in cooperation, which can better achieve the effect of cyclic loading, and at the same time, it can better control the amplitude and precision of the loading, so that the precision is higher.

[0239] Embodiment 3

[0240] An underwater force measuring system described in this embodiment includes a force measuring system described in Embodiment 2. Water is provided in both the accommodation bin 1 and the groove 11. The test structure 2 is located in the water, and at least a part of the device to be tested 3 is located in the water.

[0241] An underwater force measuring system described in this application. The test structure 2 is located in the water and can measure the force on the device to be tested 3 under the action of waves. The test structure 2 is located in the groove 11 at the bottom of the accommodation bin 1. The test structure 2 is located in the groove 11, thus greatly reducing or avoiding the influence on the water flow field in the accommodation bin 1, thereby effectively improving the measurement accuracy of the force on the device to be tested 3 by the test structure 2 in the water environment. Moreover, more importantly, a force measuring device described in this application does not need to limit the specific shape of the upper device to be tested 3, and the applicable range of the device to be tested 3 that can be measured in the water environment is greatly increased.

[0242] Specifically and preferably, whether the water is seawater or fresh water depends on the specific working conditions, and seawater is preferred.

[0243] Preferably, a wave-making mechanism 13 is provided in the accommodation bin 1.

[0244] Preferably, the device to be tested 3 is a wave-dissipating structure. For example, a fixed breakwater, a wave-dissipating and flow-through structure, etc.:

[0245] For example, the application number is: CN202410727499.X, and the application name is: a wave-dissipating and flow-through breakwater unit, a wave-dissipating and flow-through breakwater, a system and a construction method, in which the wave-dissipating and flow-through breakwater unit or the wave-dissipating and flow-through breakwater;

[0246] For example, the application number is CN202410727493.2, and the application name is: a wave-dissipating and flow-through unit, a wave-dissipating and flow-through breakwater, a system and a construction method, in which the wave-dissipating and flow-through unit or the wave-dissipating and flow-through breakwater;

[0247] For example, the application number is CN202410727497.0, and the wave-dissipating component, the wave-dissipating and flow-through breakwater structure unit, the structure, the breakwater, the system and the construction method, in which the wave-dissipating component, the wave-dissipating and flow-through breakwater structure unit, the wave-dissipating component, the wave-dissipating and flow-through breakwater structure unit or the wave-dissipating and flow-through breakwater structure;

[0248] For example, the application number is: CN202210764647.6, and the application name is: a large-diameter combined cylinder, a deep-water foundation, a wind power foundation and a static sinking construction method, in which the large-diameter combined cylinder, the deep-water foundation or the wind power foundation.

[0249] Further preferably, the device to be tested 3 is alternatively a model structure formed by scaling the above structures.

[0250] Embodiment 4

[0251] A testing method described in this embodiment is based on the force measuring system described in Embodiment 2 and based on the vertical force measuring device 23 and the longitudinal force measuring device 22, and includes the following steps:

[0252] S1: Obtain the force parameters of the vertical force measuring device 23 and the longitudinal force measuring device 22 and the surface pressure parameters of the base 21;

[0253] S2. Input the force parameters of the vertical force measuring device 23 and the longitudinal force measuring device 22 and the surface pressure parameters of the base 21 into the total force test model for calculation to obtain the wave force and / or moment received by the device to be tested 3.

[0254] Specifically and preferably, the total force calculation formula:

[0255] The calculation formula for the horizontal total force H includes:

[0256] H = -(r1 + r2 - r3 - r4)

[0257] The calculation formula for the total overturning moment M includes:

[0258]

[0259] The calculation formula for the total vertical force V includes:

[0260] V = -(r5 + r6 + r7 + r8)

[0261] Where: r1,..., r4 are the sequential readings of the longitudinal force measuring device 22, r5,..., r8 are the sequential readings of the vertical force measuring device 23, z1,..., z4 are the vertical coordinates of the longitudinal force measuring device 22, and x5,..., x8 are the horizontal coordinates of the vertical force measuring device 23; x b and z b are the reference points on the top surface of the test structure 2, which can be the centroid of the top surface of the test structure 2 or any position on the top surface of the test structure 2, δ j is the moment direction coefficient, δ j takes 1 if the supporting force of the longitudinal force measuring device 22 contributes a clockwise moment, otherwise takes -1; similarly, δ j takes 1 if the supporting force of the vertical force measuring device 23 contributes a clockwise moment, otherwise takes -1.

[0262] Preferably, in the formula: r1,..., r8 are the sequential readings of the force gauges, z1,..., z4 are the vertical coordinates of the force gauges, and x5,..., x8 are the horizontal coordinates of the force gauges. x b and z b are the reference points on the top surface of the test structure 2, which can be the centroid of the top surface of the test structure 2 or any position on the top surface of the test structure (2), δ j takes 1 if the supporting force of the force gauge contributes a clockwise moment, otherwise takes -1. P V and P H is the pressure at any point on the surface of the base 21, which can be obtained by internal and external interpolation from the pressure measurement points on the base 21, preferably by linear internal and external interpolation.

[0263] A preferred method: The total force calculation formula:

[0264] The calculation formula for the horizontal force H:

[0265] H = -(r1 + r2 - r3 - r4) + ∫∫ 基底 P H dA

[0266] The calculation formula for the overturning moment M:

[0267]

[0268] Calculation formula for vertical force V:

[0269] V = -(r5 + r6 + r7 + r8) + ∫∫ 基底 P V dA

[0270] In the formula; P V and P H are the pressures at any point on the surface of the base 21, which can be obtained by internal and external interpolation through the pressure measurement points on the base 21. Preferably, it is obtained by linear internal and external interpolation. x and Z are the moment arms of the pressure measurement points to the reference point.

[0271] Further preferably, the total force test model includes:

[0272] Calculation formula for horizontal total force H:

[0273] H = -(r1 + r2 - r3 - r4) + ∫∫ 基底 (P HL + P HR )dA

[0274] Calculation formula for overturning total moment M:

[0275]

[0276] Calculation formula for vertical force V:

[0277] V = -(r5 + r6 + r7 + r8) + ∫∫ 基底 (P VU + P VB )dA

[0278] In the formula: In the above formula, P VU is the pressure at any point on the top surface of the test structure 2, x u is the moment arm of the pressure of this point on the top surface of the test structure 2 to the reference point; P VB is the pressure at any point on the bottom surface of the test structure 2, x B is the moment arm of the pressure of this point on the bottom surface of the test structure 2 to the reference point; P HL is the pressure at any point on one end face of the test structure 2 along the first direction, Z L is the moment arm of the pressure of this point on one end face of the test structure 2 along the first direction to the reference point; P HR is the pressure at any point on the other end face of the test structure 2 along the first direction; Z R is the moment arm of the pressure of this point on the other end face of the test structure 2 along the first direction to the reference point.

[0279] When two or more models are arranged side by side, a transverse limiting device is supplemented at the head and tail ends of the models if necessary.

[0280] Preferably, it further includes an external force correction step:

[0281] Apply a first external force in the first direction to the device under test 3 and obtain the first external force parameter;

[0282] Based on the force parameters of the vertical force measuring device 23, the force parameters of the longitudinal force measuring device 22, and the first external force parameter, obtain at least one of the horizontal force deviation parameter of the base 21 and the overturning moment deviation parameter of the base 21;

[0283] Add at least one of the horizontal force deviation parameter of the base 21 and the overturning moment deviation parameter of the base 21 to the total force test model to obtain a corrected total force test model.

[0284] A specific preferred method: For the verification and correction of the test structure 2, cyclic load testing can be used. Compare the resultant reaction force measured at the base 21 with the force measurement t on the horizontal cable, as H shown. The tensile loading rate can be the same as or approximate to the test wave period. The tensile force is a reciprocating cyclic load simulating the wave force, and the magnitude of the tensile force amplitude is the same as the peak value of the wave force on the model. Figure 10 As shown. The tensile loading rate can be the same as or approximate to the test wave period. The tensile force is a reciprocating cyclic load simulating the wave force, and the magnitude of the tensile force amplitude is the same as the peak value of the wave force on the model.

[0285] It can be seen that the horizontal force deviation parameter e of the base 21 H is:

[0286] e H = t H - H1

[0287] The overturning moment deviation parameter e of the base 21 M is:

[0288] e M = t H z H - M1

[0289] The above e H and e M can be used for test correction. In the above formula, t H is the tensile force measured by the calibration force measuring device 43, z H is the vertical distance from the top surface of the test structure 2 to the tensile force measured by the calibration force measuring device 43, H1 is the measured horizontal total force, and M1 is the measured overturning moment.

[0290] A preferred method: When simulating multiple working conditions, including different periods, different wave heights, and different model weights, this will result in Figure 10 the structure shown having multiple e H and e M results. At this time, a friction force model correction can be adopted, as Figure 11As shown, that is, assuming that on each test structure 2, the test structure 2 and the contacting structure [at least one of the vertical force measuring device 23 and the longitudinal force measuring device 22] correspondingly generate a frictional force parallel to the test structure, and the magnitude of this frictional force is related to the change δr in the amplitude of the test structure force state j (t) and the time change rate are linearly related. From this, we can obtain:

[0291]

[0292] δr j (t) = r j (t) - r j (0)

[0293]

[0294] H = H + f5 + f6 - f7 - f8

[0295]

[0296] In the formula, r j is the time series reading of the longitudinal force measuring device 22 or the vertical force measuring device 23; H' is the corrected total horizontal force; M' is the corrected total overturning moment; H is the total horizontal force; M is the overturning moment; f5, f6, f7, f8 are the frictional forces between the vertical force measuring device 23 and the base 21; x w and z w are the coordinates of the moment reference point.

[0297] Among them, c1 and c2 are two constant term coefficients determined comprehensively according to the calibration test, and the protection ranges are both -0.5 to 0.5.

[0298] If measuring large wave conditions, or when the frictional force is very small, or verifying the survivability of the structure, correction can be not used.

[0299] The comparison between the typical measurement results of this test structure and the Goda1974 wave caisson formula is as follows Figure 12 as shown.

[0300] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A force measuring device, characterized in that it includes a test structure (2) for testing the force applied to the device under test (3), and the device under test (3) is placed above the test structure (2); a connection structure (5) is provided on the test structure (2), and the connection structure (5) is used to connect the device under test (3).

2. The force measuring device according to claim 1, wherein The test structure (2) includes a base (21), the device under test (3) is placed above the base (21), and the connection structure (5) is provided on the base (21).

3. A force measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A vertical force measuring device (23) is provided at the bottom of the base (21), and the vertical force measuring device (23) supports the base (21).

4. A force measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, There is a point contact between the vertical force measuring device (23) and the base (21).

5. A force measuring device according to claim 4, characterized in that the contact surface between the vertical force measuring device (23) and the base (21) is a spherical surface; or the contact surface between the base (21) and the vertical force measuring device (23) is a spherical surface.

6. The force measuring device according to claim 3, wherein: Vertically, the base (21) is only supported by the vertical force measuring device (23).

7. A force measuring device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The preload range of the vertical force measuring device (23) is 0 - 100 kg.

8. A force measuring device according to claim 6, characterized in that There are at least 3 vertical force measuring devices (23).

9. A force measuring device according to claim 2, wherein, A pressure measuring device (29) is provided on the outer surface of the base (21).

10. A force measuring device according to claim 9, characterized in that, An installation hole is provided on the base (21), and the pressure measuring device (29) is provided in the installation hole.

11. A force measuring device according to claim 9, characterized in that the pressure measuring device (29) is provided on the top surface of the base (21); and / or the pressure measuring device (29) is provided on the end surface of the base (21) along the first direction.

12. A force measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, Longitudinal force measuring devices (22) are provided at opposite ends of the base (21) along the first direction, and the longitudinal force measuring devices (22) point to the base (21).

13. A force measuring device according to claim 12, characterized in that, There is a point contact between the longitudinal force measuring device (22) and the base (21).

14. A force measuring device according to claim 12, characterized in that the contact surface between the longitudinal force measuring device (22) and the base (21) is a spherical surface; or the contact surface between the base (21) and the longitudinal force measuring device (22) is a spherical surface.

15. A force measuring device according to claim 12, characterized in that, It further includes a support (24), the support (24) is connected to the longitudinal force measuring device (22), and the longitudinal force measuring device (22) can move vertically relative to the support (24).

16. A force measuring device according to claim 12, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the base (21) can only abut against the longitudinal force measuring device (22).

17. A force measuring device according to claim 12, characterized in that, Transverse force measuring devices (27) are provided on both sides of the base (21) along the second direction, and the transverse force measuring devices (27) point to the base (21); the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

18. A force measuring device according to claim 17, characterized in that, A protruding structure (25) is convexly provided on the side surface of the base (21) along the first direction, and transverse force measuring devices (27) are provided on both sides of the protruding structure (25) along the second direction, and the transverse force measuring devices (27) point to the protruding structure (25); The width of the protruding structure (25) along the second direction is less than the width of the base (21) along the second direction.

19. A force measuring device according to claim 18, characterized in that, A force measuring device according to claim 17, wherein the distance between the lateral force measuring device (27) and the protruding structure (25) is 0.1 - 2 mm.

20. A force measuring device according to claim 18, characterized in that, Along the second direction, the sum of the width L1 of the protruding structure (25) and the lengths L2 of the two lateral force measuring devices (27) on both sides is less than the width D1 of the base (21).

21. A force measuring device according to claim 18, characterized in that, Along the second direction, the distance between the lateral force measuring device (27) and the protruding structure (25) is 0.1 - 2 mm.

22. A force measuring device according to claim 18, characterized in that, There is a point contact between the lateral force measuring device (27) and the protruding structure (25).

23. A force measuring device according to claim 18, wherein The contact surface between the lateral force measuring device (27) and the protruding structure (25) is spherical; Or, The contact surface between the protruding structure (25) and the lateral force measuring device (27) is spherical.

24. A force measuring device according to claim 18, characterized in that, It further includes a first limiting structure (26), the first limiting structure (26) includes two limiting seats (261) fixedly arranged at intervals along the second direction, the protruding structure (25) is located between the two limiting seats (261), and the limiting seat (261) is connected to the corresponding lateral force measuring device (27).

25. A force measuring device according to claim 17, wherein The first direction is horizontally arranged; And / or, The second direction is horizontally arranged.

26. A force measuring device according to any one of claims 2-25, characterized in that, The base (21) is of a box-shaped structure.

27. A force measuring device according to claim 26, characterized in that, A cavity (211) is arranged inside the base (21), and a ballast structure (212) is arranged inside the cavity (211).

28. A force measuring device according to claim 26, characterized in that, The top of the base (21) is open, and the open part of the base (21) is covered with a top cover (28).

29. A force measuring device according to any one of claims 2-25, characterized in that, A hole (213) is vertically penetrated through the base (21).

30. A force measuring device according to any one of claims 1-25, characterized in that, The connection structure (5) includes bolts and / or buckles.

31. A force measuring system, characterized in that, It includes: A force measuring device according to any one of claims 2 - 30; A receiving bin (1); A groove (11) is opened at the bottom of the receiving bin (1), and the testing structure (2) is arranged in the groove (11); A device under test (3), at least a part of which is located inside the receiving bin (1), and the device under test (3) is connected above the testing structure (2) through the connection structure (5).

32. A force measuring system according to claim 31, characterized in that, The top of the testing structure (2) is flush with the top of the groove (11) or lower than the top of the groove (11).

33. A force measuring system according to claim 31, characterized in that, The device under test (3) is detachably connected to the testing structure (2) through the connection structure (5).

34. A force measuring system according to claim 31, characterized in that, Along the first direction, there is a first gap between the base (21) and the groove wall of the corresponding groove (11).

35. A force measuring system according to claim 34, characterized in that, The first gap is 0.5 - 10 mm.

36. A force measuring system according to claim 31, wherein At least one side of the base (21) is convexly provided with a first cover plate (12), the first cover plate (12) is located above the longitudinal force measuring device (22), and along the first direction, there is the first gap between the first cover plate (12) and the groove wall of the corresponding groove (11); Or, A first cover plate (12) is provided at the upper part of the groove (11). The first cover plate (12) is located above the longitudinal force measuring device (22). Along a first direction, there is a first gap between the first cover plate (12) and the base (21).

37. A force measuring system according to any one of claims 31-36, characterized in that, Along a second direction, there is a second gap between the base (21) and the groove wall of the groove (11).

38. A force measuring system according to claim 37, characterized in that, The second gap is 0.5 - 10 mm.

39. A force measuring system according to claim 37, wherein At the end of the base (21) along the second direction, a second cover plate (14) protrudes. Along the second direction, there is the second gap between the second cover plate (14) and the groove wall of the corresponding side of the groove (11); Or, A second cover plate (14) is provided at the upper part of the groove (11). Along the second direction, there is the second gap between the second cover plate (14) and the base (21).

40. A force measuring system according to claim 31, characterized in that, The accommodation chamber (1) contains a power fluid.

41. A force measuring system according to claim 31, characterized in that, There are at least two of the test structures (2), and adjacent test structures (2) are arranged side by side along the second direction.

42. A force measuring system according to any one of claims 31-41, characterized in that, It further includes a calibration structure (4). The calibration structure (4) includes a flexible rope (41). One end of the flexible rope (41) is connected to the device under test (3), and the other end is connected to a first loading structure (42). A calibration force measuring device (43) is provided on the flexible rope (41).

43. A force measuring system according to claim 42, characterized in that, It further includes a pulley (44). The flexible rope (41) cooperates with the pulley (44), and the flexible rope (41) is in a tensioned state.

44. A force measuring system according to claim 43, characterized in that, The flexible rope (41) is used to provide a pulling force along the first direction for the device under test (3).

45. A force measuring system according to claim 43, characterized in that, The flexible rope (41) includes a first section (411) and a second section (412). The first section (411) and the second section (412) are connected by an elastic member (48). The elastic member (48) is located between the pulley (44) and the first loading structure (42).

46. A force measuring system according to claim 41, characterized in that, It further includes a foundation (6). The accommodation chamber (1) is arranged on the foundation (6), and the first loading structure (42) is connected to the foundation (6).

47. An underwater force measurement system, characterized in that, Including a force measuring system according to any one of claims 31 - 46, water is provided in both the accommodation chamber (1) and the groove (11). The test structure (2) is located in the water, and at least a part of the device under test (3) is located in the water.

48. An underwater force measuring system according to claim 47, characterized in that, A wave generating mechanism (13) is provided on at least one side of the device under test (3). The wave generating mechanism (13) is used to form waves in the accommodation chamber (1).

49. An underwater force measuring system according to claim 47, wherein, The device under test (3) is a wave dissipation structure.

50. A stress testing method, characterized in that, Based on the force measuring device according to any one of claims 47 - 49, and based on the vertical force measuring device (23) and the longitudinal force measuring device (22), the following steps are included: S1: Obtain the force parameters of the vertical force measuring device (23) and the longitudinal force measuring device (22) and the surface pressure parameters of the base (21). S2. Input the force parameters of the vertical force measuring device (23) and the longitudinal force measuring device (22) and the surface pressure parameters of the base (21) into the total force test model for calculation to obtain the wave force and / or moment received by the device under test (3).

51. A stress test method according to claim 50, characterized in that, The total force test model includes: H＝-(r1+r2-r3-r4) V＝-(r5+r6+r7+r8) Wherein, H is the total horizontal force; M is the total overturning moment; V is the total vertical force; r1, ……, r4 are the sequential readings of the longitudinal force measuring device (22), r5, ……, r8 are the sequential readings of the vertical force measuring device (23), z1, …, z4 are the vertical coordinates of the longitudinal force measuring device (22), x5, …, x8 are the horizontal coordinates of the vertical force measuring device (23); x b and z b are the reference point coordinates of the top surface of the test structure (2); δ j is the moment direction coefficient.

52. The stress testing method according to claim 51, characterized in that, The total force test model includes: Calculation formula for the horizontal total force H: H = -(r1 + r2 - r3 - r4) + ∫∫ 基底 (P HL + P HR ) dA Calculation formula for the total overturning moment M: Calculation formula for the vertical force V: V = -(r5 + r6 + r7 + r8) + ∫∫ 基底 (P VU + P VB ) dA Wherein: In the above formula, P VU is the pressure at any point on the top surface of the test structure (2), and x u is the pressure force arm from this point on the top surface of the test structure (2) to the reference point; P VB is the pressure at any point on the bottom surface of the test structure (2), and x B is the pressure force arm from this point on the bottom surface of the test structure (2) to the reference point; P HL is the pressure at any point on one end face of the test structure (2) along the first direction, and Z L is the pressure force arm from this point on one end face of the test structure (2) along the first direction to the reference point; P HR is the pressure at any point on the other end face of the test structure (2) along the first direction; Z R is the pressure force arm from this point on the other end face of the test structure (2) along the first direction to the reference point.

53. A stress testing method according to claim 50, characterized in that, It also includes an external force correction step: Apply a first external force in the first direction to the device under test (3) and obtain the first external force parameter; Based on the force parameter of the vertical force measuring device (23), the force parameter of the longitudinal force measuring device (22), and the first external force parameter, obtain at least one of the horizontal force deviation parameter and the overturning moment deviation parameter suffered by the base (21); Add at least one of the horizontal force deviation parameter and the overturning moment deviation parameter suffered by the base (21) to the total force test model to obtain a corrected total force test model.

54. According to a force measurement method as claimed in claim 53, wherein Horizontal force deviation parameter e received by the base (21) H : e H = t H - H1 The deviation parameter e of the overturning moment received by the base (21) M : e M = t H z H -M1 where t H is the tensile force measured by the calibration force measuring device (43), z H is the vertical distance from the top surface of the test structure (2) to the tensile force measured by the calibration force measuring device (43), H1 is the total measured horizontal force, and M1 is the measured overturning moment.

55. A stress test method according to claim 50, characterized in that, It also includes a frictional force correction step: Establish a frictional force correction model based on a force measuring device as claimed in any one of claims 1-30; Add the frictional force correction model to the total force test model to obtain a corrected total force test model.

56. A stress testing method according to claim 55, characterized in that, The magnitude of the frictional force between the test structure (2) and the contacting structure is linearly related to the amplitude change and the time change rate of the test structure force state.

57. A stress testing method according to claim 55, characterized in that, Corrected total force test model: δr j (t) = r j (t) - r j (0) H′ = H + f5 + f6 - f7 - f8 In the formula, is the rate of change with respect to time; δr j (t) is the change in the amplitude of the test structural force state; r j is the sequential reading of the longitudinal force measuring device (22) or the vertical force measuring device (23); c1 and c2 are constant term coefficients; H′ is the corrected total horizontal force; M′ is the corrected total overturning moment; H is the total horizontal force; M is the total overturning moment; f 5， f 6， f 7， f8 is the frictional force between the vertical force measuring device (23) and the base (21); x w and z w are the coordinates of the moment reference point.

Images