Bridge construction facility safety monitoring method and system based on finite element real-time verification

Abstract

The invention discloses a bridge construction facility safety monitoring method and system based on finite element real-time verification. The method comprises the steps that the actually-measured mechanical response value of each structure measuring point is collected in real time; performing finite element calculation on the mechanical response of each structure measuring point through a finite element online calculation program to obtain a reference check value; setting a verification upper limit and a verification lower limit according to the relationship between the reference verification value and the actually measured mechanical response value as a first-layer dynamic threshold value of the actually measured mechanical response value; setting a second-layer static limit threshold value according to the structural material attribute at the measuring point; according to the actually-measured mechanical response value of each structure measuring point, the average change rate of the actually-measured mechanical response value and the reference verification value on the time sequence, the first-layer dynamic verification threshold value and the second-layer static limit threshold value, graded alarm prompting is carried out on the mechanical response condition of each structure measuring point; the operation condition of the facility is judged in time according to the alarm prompt, the abnormal state of the bridge construction facility is found in time, and the potential danger sensing capability of the monitoring system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of bridge engineering, and more specifically, relates to a safety monitoring method and system for bridge construction facilities based on real-time finite element verification. Background Art

[0002] In order to ensure the safety of bridge construction facilities at the bridge construction site, it is essential to monitor the mechanical response of their structures. Especially for large temporary facilities and lifting equipment, the traditional monitoring method is to use sensors to measure in real time and compare the measured mechanical response values with the structural design mechanical thresholds. When the measured values exceed the limits, an alarm is issued for early warning. However, there are often potential safety hazards in bridge large temporary facilities and lifting equipment even before their structural stresses exceed the limits. When an alarm is issued due to the structural stress exceeding the limit, it is possible that the bridge large temporary facilities and lifting equipment are about to overturn or be damaged. For example, when the mechanical boundary conditions of a bridge erecting machine change, assuming that one of its multiple legs has become suspended, at this time, under normal load conditions, the mechanical response of the measured structure may not exceed the threshold, but the actual facility is already in a dangerous state. The method of judging alarms according to fixed thresholds often brings problems that it is difficult to control the structure from further overturning or being damaged after the alarm.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a safety monitoring method and system based on real-time verification for bridge construction facilities, so as to detect the abnormal working state of bridge construction facilities in a timely manner under relatively low stress or displacement levels, bringing the possibility of finding potential safety hazards in advance, and improving the safety monitoring effect of on-site bridge construction facilities. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the present invention provides a safety monitoring system and method for bridge construction facilities based on real-time finite element verification, which can monitor the mechanical response of bridge construction facilities in real time through finite element calculation and dynamic threshold adjustment, and prompt the operation state of the facilities according to different alarm conditions; it can effectively improve the safety monitoring effect of the bridge construction site, especially in detecting potential safety hazards in a timely manner under low stress or displacement levels; the present invention significantly improves the accuracy, reliability and applicability of the safety monitoring of bridge construction facilities by introducing finite element online calculation, multi-level threshold dynamic verification and multi-level alarm mechanisms, providing strong technical support for the safety management of the bridge construction site.

[0005] To achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention provides a safety monitoring method for bridge construction facilities based on real-time finite element verification, including the following steps: S1: Real-time collect the measured mechanical response values of each structural measurement point of the bridge construction facilities through the front-end data acquisition module, and transmit them to the cloud platform; S2: Real-time calculate the mechanical responses of each structural measurement point of the bridge construction facility through the finite element online calculation program deployed on the cloud platform, and obtain the real-time finite element mechanical response value of each structural measurement point, that is, the benchmark verification value of the measured mechanical response value; S3: Set the verification upper limit and the verification lower limit according to the relationship between the benchmark verification value and the measured mechanical response value as the first-layer dynamic threshold of the measured mechanical response value; Set the second-layer static limit threshold according to the structural material properties at the measurement point; S4: Calculate the average change rates of the measured mechanical response value and the benchmark verification value of each structural measurement point on the time series respectively according to the measured mechanical response value, the benchmark verification value of each structural measurement point and their corresponding time series; S5: Perform hierarchical alarm prompts on the mechanical response conditions of each structural measurement point according to the measured mechanical response values of each structural measurement point, their average change rates with the benchmark verification value on the time series, the first-layer dynamic verification threshold and the second-layer static limit threshold; S6: Judge the operation condition of the bridge construction facility according to the alarm conditions of each structural measurement point.

[0006] Further, step S2 includes: S21: Establish a finite element model of the bridge construction facility according to the design drawings or 3D scan data; S22: Deploy the finite element calculation program that supports the calculation of the measured mechanical response value on the cloud platform, and obtain the finite element input information through the cloud platform; The finite element input information includes load information, boundary condition information, model geometric information, etc. for the updated calculation of the finite element model; S23: Invoke the finite element calculation program to perform real-time calculation on the mechanical responses of each structural measurement point in the updated finite element model, and obtain the real-time benchmark verification value of each structural measurement point; S24: Organize the real-time benchmark verification values of each structural measurement point in chronological order to form time series data.

[0007] Further, step S3 includes the following steps: S31: Real-time collect the mechanical response values of each structural measurement point through the front-end data acquisition module; S32: Calculate the deviation between the measured mechanical response value and the benchmark verification value of each structural measurement point in the previous period of time; S33: Dynamically adjust the upper and lower offset values of the benchmark verification value according to the deviation calculation result; Offset the benchmark verification value upward and downward according to the offset value to generate the verification upper limit and the verification lower limit; S34: Store the verification upper limit and the verification lower limit in the cloud database as the first-layer dynamic threshold of the measured mechanical response value; S35: Set the second - layer static limit threshold according to the structural material properties at the measurement point and store it in the cloud database.

[0008] Further, in step S33, according to the deviation calculation result, dynamically adjust the upper and lower offset values of the reference verification value; offset the reference verification value upward and downward according to the offset value to generate the verification upper limit and the verification lower limit, including: S331: Calculate the mean and standard deviation of the deviation; S332: Set a threshold according to experience. When the mean or standard deviation of the deviation exceeds the threshold, it indicates that there is an error between the finite - element model and the actual situation, and correct the finite - element model; after correcting the finite - element model, when both the mean and standard deviation of the deviation satisfy being less than the threshold, proceed to the next step; S333: Adjust the range coefficient of the verification upper and lower limits according to the operating state and actual working conditions of the facility, and then set the verification upper limit and the verification lower limit; In step S333, the verification upper limit and the verification lower limit are calculated by equations (4) and (5) respectively: (4) (5) Where, is the range coefficient of the verification upper and lower limits.

[0009] Further, in step S35, setting the second - layer static limit threshold according to the structural material properties at the measurement point includes: If the mechanical response value is stress, calculate according to equations (6) and (7), otherwise set according to experience; (6) (7) Where, is the material yield strength at the measurement point, is the safety factor.

[0010] Further, in step S4, according to the measured mechanical response values, reference verification values and their corresponding time series of each structural measurement point, calculate the average change rates of the measured mechanical response values and reference verification values of each structural measurement point on the time series respectively, including: S41: Continuously collect the measured mechanical response values of each structural measurement point on the time series, and mark them in chronological order as ; S42: Synchronously obtain the reference verification values corresponding to each time point in the same time series ; S43: Accurately record the time points corresponding to each data collection , ensuring the accurate correspondence between time and response value; S44: Use the first-order difference method to calculate the previous data including the current time point The average change rate of the measured mechanical response value at each time point and the average change rate of the benchmark calibration value are calculated. The average rate of change is not calculated.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S44, the previous data of the current time point is included. The average change rate of the measured mechanical response value at each time point Calculated by formula (8): (8) in, and The current time point and the number before the current time point The index of the data at each time point; is the measured mechanical response value at the current time point; Before the current time point The measured mechanical response value at each time point; is the current time point; The number before the current time point time points; Step S44 contains the previous data of the current time point The average rate of change of the baseline calibration value at each time point Calculated by formula (9): (9); in, is the benchmark value at the current time point; Before the current time point The benchmark value at a certain time point.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S5, a graded alarm is given to the mechanical response of each structural measuring point according to the magnitude of the measured mechanical response value of each structural measuring point and its average change rate in the time series; including: If the measured mechanical response value is within the upper and lower limits of the calibration, and the absolute value of the absolute deviation of the average change rate of the measured mechanical response value and the benchmark calibration value in the time series does not exceed the given value, it indicates that the mechanical response of the structural measuring point is normal and the measuring point is safe; If the measured mechanical response value is within the upper and lower limits of the calibration, and the absolute value of the absolute deviation of the average change rate of the measured mechanical response value and the benchmark calibration value in the time series is greater than the given value, an alarm will be issued to indicate that there is abnormal vibration or sudden load change near the measuring point, and the risk level is low, depending on whether the response value fluctuates in the time series; If the measured mechanical response value is outside the calibration upper and lower limits and within the second - layer static limit threshold, and the absolute value of the absolute deviation of the average change rate of the measured mechanical response value and the reference calibration value in the time series does not exceed the given value, an alarm is given to indicate that the range coefficient setting of the calibration upper and lower limits for the measuring point is not appropriate. It is necessary to appropriately increase the value of the range coefficient of the calibration upper and lower limits and update the range of the dynamic calibration upper limit and calibration lower limit. The risk level is low; If the measured mechanical response value is outside the calibration upper and lower limits and within the second - layer static limit threshold, and the absolute value of the absolute deviation of the average change rate of the measured mechanical response value and the reference calibration value in the time series is greater than the given value, according to whether the response value fluctuates in the time series, an alarm is given to indicate that there may be abnormal vibration or sudden load change near the measuring point, and at the same time, it is indicated that the measured mechanical response value exceeds the first - layer dynamic calibration threshold. The risk level is medium risk; If the measured mechanical response value is stress and is outside the calibration upper and lower limits and within the second - layer static limit threshold, and the absolute value of the stress is very small or even 0, an alarm is given to indicate that there may be a risk of support suspension near the measuring point, and at the same time, it is indicated that the measured mechanical response value exceeds the first - layer dynamic calibration threshold. The risk level is medium risk; If the measured mechanical response value is outside the second - layer static limit threshold, an alarm is given to indicate that the measured mechanical response value of the measuring point exceeds the second - layer static limit threshold, and there may be dangerous situations such as structural damage, structural instability, and overturning near the measuring point. The risk level is high risk.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S6, according to the alarm situations of each structural measuring point, the operation status of the bridge construction facilities is judged, including: If the mechanical response conditions of all structural measuring points are normal, it is indicated that the operation status of the bridge construction facilities is safe; If there is only an alarm for low risk in the structural measuring points, it is indicated that the operation status of the bridge construction facilities is basically safe, and there may be slight abnormal vibration or sudden load change; If there are 1 - 2 structural measuring points with an alarm for medium risk, it is indicated that the operation status of the bridge construction facilities is to be determined. It is recommended to check whether the sensors at the measuring points are faulty or whether the calibration upper and lower limit settings are reasonable. If both are excluded, continuously prompt the management to pay attention to the data change until the medium risk is lifted; If more than 2 structural measuring points have an alarm for medium risk or there is a high risk, it is indicated that the operation status of the bridge construction facilities is unsafe. It is necessary to immediately stop the machine to check the construction facilities, and specifically judge according to the alarm situations of each structural measuring point that the construction facilities may be in one or more risk situations such as abnormal vibration, sudden load change, support suspension, structural damage, structural instability, and overturning.

[0014] The second aspect of the present invention provides a safety monitoring system for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification, which is used to implement the safety monitoring method for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification, including: a front-end data acquisition module, a data transmission and storage module, a cloud finite element calculation module, a multi-level threshold generation module, an average change rate calculation module, an alarm prompt module, and a facility status judgment module; The front-end data acquisition module includes strain gauges, displacement sensors, acceleration sensors, and inclination sensors for real-time acquisition of the mechanical response data of bridge construction facilities, and monitoring cameras for capturing the operating status of the facilities and the on-site environment to assist in analyzing the operating conditions of the facilities; The data transmission and storage module includes a data transmission network and a data storage unit; Data transmission network: used to transmit the real-time mechanical response data of each structural measurement point of the bridge construction facilities to the cloud finite element calculation module, and transmit calculation results, alarm information, etc. to relevant staff or other management systems; Data storage unit: used to store information such as the reference verification values obtained from finite element calculations, the generated dynamic thresholds and static limit thresholds, the real-time measurement data of each measurement point, and alarm records; The cloud finite element calculation module includes a finite element online calculation program integrated in the cloud, which is used to perform real-time calculations on the mechanical responses of each structural measurement point of the bridge construction facilities to obtain the real-time finite element mechanical response values of each structural measurement point, that is, the reference verification values of the measured mechanical response values; The multi-level threshold generation module, based on the actual measured mechanical response value situation on-site, combines empirical algorithms to perform upward and downward offset processing on the reference verification value, and automatically generates an upper verification limit and a lower verification limit as the first layer of dynamic threshold for the measured mechanical response value; Set the second layer of static limit threshold according to the structural material properties at the measurement point; The average change rate calculation module is used to calculate the average change rates of the measured mechanical response values and the reference verification values of each structural measurement point on the time series according to the measured mechanical response values and the reference verification values of each structural measurement point and their corresponding time series; The alarm prompt module is used to perform hierarchical alarm prompts on the mechanical response conditions of each structural measurement point according to the measured mechanical response values of each structural measurement point, their average change rates on the time series with the reference verification values, the first layer of dynamic verification threshold, and the second layer of static limit threshold; The facility status judgment module is used to judge the operating conditions of the bridge construction facilities according to the alarm conditions of each structural measurement point.

[0015] Generally speaking, compared with the prior art through the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be achieved: (1) For the safety monitoring method and system of bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification of the present invention, a finite element calculation program is deployed on a cloud platform. By utilizing the powerful computing power of cloud computing, the mechanical responses of each structural measurement point can be calculated in real time to obtain real-time reference verification values. This real-time calculation can promptly provide a reference benchmark for subsequent threshold verification and alarm, effectively monitoring the change of the mechanical properties of the facilities. On the basis of traditional sensor monitoring, introducing the reference verification values of the measured mechanical response values calculated by finite element online in real time and combining with the dynamic verification of the measured mechanical response values can promptly detect the abnormal state of bridge construction facilities when the structural stress or displacement level is relatively low, significantly enhancing the perception ability of the monitoring system for potential dangers. This real-time verification mechanism can effectively identify risks such as stress or displacement anomalies, abnormal vibrations, and sudden load changes of structural measurement points, thus providing the possibility for early detection of potential safety hazards.

[0016] (2) For the safety monitoring method and system of bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification of the present invention, by analyzing the measured mechanical response values of past similar projects through big data and setting offset values in combination with the actual on-site working conditions, a first-layer dynamic threshold is formed. This threshold can be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time changes on site, adapting to different working environments and facility states. At the same time, a second-layer static limit threshold is set according to the structural material properties at the measurement points, providing double protection for facility safety. By setting a verification upper limit and a verification lower limit and combining with the real-time change rate of the measured mechanical response values, accurate real-time verification can be carried out for each structural measurement point. According to the deviation, average change rate, and threshold situation between the measured mechanical response values and the reference verification values, a hierarchical alarm prompt is given for the mechanical response situations of each structural measurement point. This hierarchical alarm mechanism can more accurately reflect the abnormal conditions of the facilities, from the prompt of abnormal vibrations or sudden load changes with low risks to the alarm of dangerous situations such as structural damage and overturning with high risks, facilitating managers to take corresponding measures according to different risk levels.

[0017] (3) For the safety monitoring method and system of bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification of the present invention, by comprehensively analyzing the alarm situations of multiple structural measurement points, the operating state of bridge construction facilities can be judged more comprehensively. From the prompt of the normal operation of the facilities when all measurement points are normal to the prompt of different degrees of risks when there are alarms at different numbers of measurement points, comprehensive and accurate state information can be provided for the maintenance and management of the facilities. When multiple measurement points alarm simultaneously, the system can accurately judge the possible risk types of the facilities (such as abnormal vibrations, sudden load changes, overturning and voiding, etc.) according to the alarm types and distribution situations, thus providing a more reliable decision-making basis for the safe operation of the facilities. This multi-level alarm mechanism significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of the alarm, avoiding the false alarm or missed alarm problems that may be caused by the traditional fixed-threshold alarm method. It helps to promptly detect and handle facility failures and ensure the safe operation of bridge construction facilities.

[0018] (4) The safety monitoring method and system for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification of the present invention can issue early warnings in a timely manner when slight abnormalities occur in the operating state of the facilities through real-time verification and comprehensive judgment, avoiding the situation in traditional methods where alarms are only issued when the structural stress exceeds the limit. This early warning mechanism can effectively reduce the number of times the facilities are shut down for inspection due to false alarms or slight abnormalities, improving the utilization rate of the facilities and the construction efficiency.

[0019] (5) The safety monitoring method and system for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification of the present invention are applicable to most bridge construction facilities and have a wide application range; through finite element online calculation and the setting of dynamic verification values, the system can adapt to the structural characteristics and working environments of different facilities, and has strong versatility and adaptability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of a safety monitoring method for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the measured mechanical response value of the structural measurement point, the first-layer dynamic threshold, and the second-layer static limit threshold changing with time in a safety monitoring method for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of real-time verification and comprehensive risk discrimination of the structural measurement point in a safety monitoring method for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the discrimination results of two historical moments of the key measurement points of a certain large temporary facility in a safety monitoring method for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a safety monitoring system for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic facility according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0021] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0022] Such as Figure 1As shown in the figure, one aspect of the present invention provides a safety monitoring method for bridge construction facilities based on real-time finite element verification, which is mainly used for the safety monitoring during the construction of large temporary facilities and lifting equipment of bridges, and includes the following steps: S1: The measured mechanical response values of each structural measurement point of the bridge construction facilities are collected in real time through the front-end data acquisition module and transmitted to the cloud platform; S2: The mechanical responses of each structural measurement point of the bridge construction facilities are calculated in real time through the finite element online calculation program deployed on the cloud platform to obtain the real-time finite element mechanical response values of each structural measurement point, that is, the reference verification values of the measured mechanical response values; S3: Set the upper verification limit and the lower verification limit according to the relationship between the reference verification value and the measured mechanical response value as the first-layer dynamic threshold of the measured mechanical response value; set the second-layer static limit threshold according to the structural material properties at the measurement point; S4: According to the measured mechanical response values and reference verification values of each structural measurement point and their respective time series, calculate the average change rates of the measured mechanical response values and reference verification values of each structural measurement point in the time series respectively; S5: Perform hierarchical alarm prompts on the mechanical response conditions of each structural measurement point according to the measured mechanical response values of each structural measurement point, their average change rates with the reference verification values in the time series, the first-layer dynamic verification threshold, and the second-layer static limit threshold; S6: Judge the operation conditions of the bridge construction facilities according to the alarm conditions of each structural measurement point.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S1, the measured mechanical response values of each structural measurement point of the bridge construction facilities are collected in real time through the front-end data acquisition module and transmitted to the cloud platform, including: S11: Sensor deployment and data collection: Deploy mechanical sensors (such as strain sensors, displacement sensors, acceleration sensors, etc.) at the key structural measurement points (such as stress concentration areas, displacement sensitive areas, etc.) of the bridge construction facilities; ensure that the installation positions of the sensors are accurate and can truly reflect the mechanical responses of the structure; Collect the mechanical response values (such as stress, strain, displacement, vibration acceleration, etc.) of each structural measurement point in real time through the mechanical sensors; the data collection frequency is set according to the operating state of the facilities and monitoring requirements, usually high-frequency collection (such as multiple samples per second); S12: Data preprocessing: Filter the collected raw data to remove noise interference (such as environmental vibration, electromagnetic interference, etc.); use digital filtering algorithms (such as low-pass filtering, Kalman filtering) to improve data quality; convert the collected mechanical response values into a unified standardized format (such as JSON, CSV, etc.) for subsequent transmission and processing; mark the data with timestamps to ensure the time synchronization of the data; S13: Data Transmission Local data transmission: Transmit the preprocessed data to the local data acquisition terminal (such as an edge computing facility or a gateway) through wired (such as RS485, Ethernet) or wireless (such as Wi-Fi, LoRa, ZigBee) communication methods; Upload data to the cloud platform: The local data acquisition terminal transmits the data to the cloud platform through the Internet (such as 4G / 5G, fiber optic); Adopt secure communication protocols (such as MQTT, HTTPS) to ensure the reliability and security of data transmission; Compress and encrypt the transmitted data to reduce bandwidth occupancy and prevent data leakage; Cloud platform data reception and storage Data reception: The cloud platform receives the mechanical response data uploaded by the front-end facilities through API interfaces or message queues (such as Kafka, RabbitMQ); verify the received data to ensure data integrity and accuracy; Data storage: Store the received mechanical response data in a cloud database (such as the time series database InfluxDB, the relational database MySQL); classify and store the data, and establish indexes according to dimensions such as facility ID, measurement point ID, timestamp, etc. for subsequent query and analysis.

[0024] Further, in step S2, the real-time calculation of the mechanical response of each structural measurement point of the bridge construction facility by the finite element online calculation program deployed on the cloud platform to obtain the real-time finite element mechanical response value of each structural measurement point; includes: S21: Establish a finite element model of the bridge construction facility according to the design drawings or three-dimensional scan data; specifically includes: Geometric modeling: Establish a geometric model in the finite element analysis software according to the design drawings or three-dimensional scan data of the bridge construction facility; simplify the model to remove unnecessary details to ensure calculation efficiency; Definition of material properties: Define material properties (such as elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, density, etc.) for each component in the model; the material properties are set according to the actual material parameters used; Definition of cross-sectional properties: Define the cross-sectional properties for each unit in the model (such as channel steel, I-beam cross-sections, etc.); the cross-sectional properties are set according to the actual cross-sectional parameters used. Boundary condition and load settings: Set the boundary conditions (such as fixed support, hinged support, etc.) according to the actual working state of the facility. Apply the load conditions (such as gravity, wind load, facility operation load, etc.). S22: Deploy the finite element calculation program that supports the calculation of measured mechanical response values on the cloud platform, and obtain the finite element input information through the cloud platform; the finite element input information includes load information, boundary condition information, model geometric information, etc. for the finite element model update calculation; preprocess the data to ensure that the data format is consistent with the input requirements of the finite element calculation program; dynamically update the loads and boundary conditions in the finite element model according to the real-time obtained finite element input information. S23: Call the finite element calculation program to perform real-time calculation of the mechanical response of each structural measurement point in the updated finite element model, and obtain the real-time reference calibration value of each structural measurement point; specifically, Call the finite element calculation program to calculate the mechanical response values (such as stress, strain, displacement, etc.) of each structural measurement point; extract the mechanical response values of each structural measurement point from the calculation results; store the calculation results in the cloud database for subsequent analysis and use. S24: Organize the real-time reference calibration values of each structural measurement point in chronological order to form time series data. Store the generated real-time reference calibration values in the cloud database as a reference benchmark for subsequent dynamic threshold generation and anomaly detection.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S3, the upper and lower offset values of the reference calibration value are dynamically adjusted according to the measured mechanical response values of each structural measurement point of the bridge construction facility to form the calibration upper limit and calibration lower limit of the measured mechanical response values of each structural measurement point, which are used as the first layer of dynamic thresholds for the measured mechanical response values; the second layer of static limit thresholds are set according to the structural material properties at the measurement points; specifically, for each structural measurement point, combined with the actual on-site working conditions, analyze the measured mechanical response values of past similar projects through big data, reasonably set the offset value in the algorithm, and automatically calculate and form scientific and reasonable calibration upper and lower limits. The calibration upper and lower limits of the measured mechanical response values of each structural measurement point can be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time changes on-site, which are used as the first layer of dynamic thresholds for the measured mechanical response values, and the second layer of static limit thresholds are set according to the structural material properties at the measurement points.

[0026] Furthermore, step S3 includes: S31: Real-time collect the mechanical response values (such as stress, strain, displacement, etc.) of each structural measurement point through the front-end data acquisition module; ensure that the data acquisition frequency is consistent with the time resolution of the reference calibration value; filter and denoise the measured mechanical response values collected, removing outliers and noise interference; mark the data with timestamps to ensure time synchronization with the reference calibration value; S32: Calculate the deviation between the measured mechanical response value and the reference calibration value of each structural measurement point within a previous period of time (within 10 minutes); expressed by Equation (1): Deviation = Measured value - Reference calibration value (1) S33: Dynamically adjust the upper and lower offset values of the reference calibration value according to the deviation calculation result; perform upward and downward offsets on the reference calibration value according to the offset value to generate a calibration upper limit and a calibration lower limit; specifically including: S331: Calculate the mean value of the deviation and the standard deviation ; expressed by Equation (2) and Equation (3) respectively: (2) (3) S332: Set a threshold according to experience. When the mean value or the standard deviation of the deviation exceeds the threshold, it indicates that there is an error between the finite element model and the actual situation, and correct the finite element model; after correcting the finite element model, when both the mean value and the standard deviation of the deviation satisfy being less than the threshold, proceed to the next step; S333: Adjust the range coefficient of the calibration upper and lower limits according to the operating state and actual working conditions of the facility, and then set the calibration upper limit and the calibration lower limit; the calibration upper limit and the calibration lower limit are calculated by Equation (4) and Equation (5) respectively: (4) (5) Wherein, is the range coefficient of the calibration upper and lower limits, which determines the range between the calibration upper and lower limits; If the operating state of the facility is relatively stable at certain time points, can be set to 2; if the operating state of the facility is relatively complex at certain time points, can be set to 3 to ensure that the calibration upper and lower limit thresholds are reasonable under different working conditions and reduce the number of false alarms; S34: Store the calibration upper limit and the calibration lower limit in the cloud database as the first layer of dynamic thresholds for the measured mechanical response values; S35: Set the second layer of static limit thresholds according to the structural material properties at the measurement points and store them in the cloud database; In step S35, setting the second-layer static limit threshold according to the structural material properties at the measurement points includes: If the mechanical response value is stress, calculate according to equations (6) and (7); otherwise, set it empirically. (6) (7) Wherein, is the material yield strength at the measurement point, is the safety factor, generally taking 2 - 3.

[0027] Furthermore, in step S4, according to the measured mechanical response values and reference calibration values of each structural measurement point and their respective time series, calculate the average change rates of the measured mechanical response values and reference calibration values of each structural measurement point on the time series respectively, including: S41: Continuously collect the measured mechanical response values of each structural measurement point on the time series, and mark them in chronological order as ; S42: Synchronously obtain the reference calibration values corresponding to each time point in the same time series ; S43: Precisely record the time point corresponding to each data collection , to ensure the accurate correspondence between time and response values; S44: Use the first-order difference method to calculate the average change rates of the measured mechanical response values and reference calibration values of the first time points including the data at the current time point. When the data collection is less than , do not calculate the average change rate; Furthermore, the average change rate of the measured mechanical response values of the first time points including the data at the current time point in step S44 is calculated by equation (8): (8) Wherein, and are the indices of the current time point and the th time point before the current time point; is the measured mechanical response value at the current time point; is the measured mechanical response value at the th time point before the current time point; is the current time point; is the th time point before the current time point; is generally a small value, e.g., at the beginning, The data can be ignored and not calculated; Equation (8) reflects the measured mechanical response value within the average change amount per unit time, which is used to measure the change speed of the measured mechanical response value; In step S44, the average change rate of the reference calibration values of the first several time points before the time point containing the current time point data is calculated through Equation (9): (8); where, is the reference calibration value of the current time point; is the reference calibration value of the several time points before the current time point; Equation (9) is used to measure the change speed of the reference calibration value.

[0028] Furthermore, Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of the principle of the measured mechanical response value, the first-layer dynamic threshold, and the second-layer static limit threshold of the structural measurement point changing with time; Figure 3 is the schematic diagram of the real-time calibration and comprehensive risk discrimination of the structural measurement point; In step S5, according to the measured mechanical response values of each structural measurement point, and their average change rates, the first-layer dynamic calibration threshold, and the second-layer static limit threshold in the time series with the reference calibration values, a grading alarm prompt is given for the mechanical response situation of each structural measurement point; including: If the measured mechanical response value is within the calibration upper and lower limits (the area between the curve formed by connecting the calibration upper limits of each structural measurement point and the curve formed by connecting the calibration lower limits and between the two curves), and the absolute value of the absolute deviation of the average change rate of the measured mechanical response value and the reference calibration value in the time series does not exceed the given value (that is, , and the given value is set according to experience), it is prompted that the mechanical response situation of this structural measurement point is normal and the measurement point is safe; If the measured mechanical response value is within the calibration upper and lower limits, and the absolute value of the absolute deviation of the average change rate of the measured mechanical response value and the reference calibration value in the time series is greater than the given value (that is ), according to whether the response value fluctuates in the time series, an alarm is given to prompt that there may be abnormal vibration or sudden load change near the measurement point, and the risk level is low risk; The measured mechanical response value is outside the calibration upper and lower limits (outside the calibration upper and lower limits means beyond the curve formed by connecting the calibration upper limits of each structural measurement point and the curve formed by connecting the calibration lower limits and the area between the two curves), and within the second-layer static limit threshold (referring to the area between the maximum limit threshold and the minimum limit threshold of the second-layer static limit threshold), and the absolute value of the absolute deviation of the average change rate of the measured mechanical response value and the reference calibration value in the time series does not exceed the given value , then an alarm prompts that the measurement point may be the range coefficient of the calibration upper and lower limits The value is not set appropriately and needs to be increased appropriately the value and update the range of the dynamic calibration upper and lower limits, and the risk level is low; As Figure 4 shown, when setting , at two historical moments at this measurement point, an alarm prompts: "There may be abnormal vibration or load mutation near the measurement point, and the risk level is low risk"; The measured mechanical response value is outside the calibration upper and lower limits and within the second-layer static limit threshold, and the absolute value of the absolute deviation of the average change rate of the measured mechanical response value and the reference calibration value in the time series is greater than the given value , according to whether the response value fluctuates in the time series, an alarm prompts that there may be abnormal vibration or load mutation near the measurement point, and at the same time prompts that the measured mechanical response value exceeds the first-layer dynamic calibration threshold, and the risk level is medium risk; If the measured mechanical response value is stress and is outside the calibration upper and lower limits and within the second-layer static limit threshold, and the absolute value of the stress is very small or even 0, an alarm prompts that there may be a risk of support suspension near the measurement point, and at the same time prompts that the measured mechanical response value exceeds the first-layer dynamic calibration threshold, and the risk level is medium risk; The measured mechanical response value is outside the second-layer static limit threshold, and an alarm prompts that the measured mechanical response value of the measurement point exceeds the second-layer static limit threshold, and there may be dangerous situations such as structural damage, structural instability, and overturning near the measurement point, and the risk level is high risk.

[0029] Furthermore, in step S6, according to the alarm conditions of each structural measurement point, judge the operation status of the bridge construction facilities, including: If the mechanical response of all structural measurement points is normal, it is prompted that the operation status of the bridge construction facilities is safe; If only the structural measurement point alarms prompt low risk, it is prompted that the operation status of the bridge construction facilities is basically safe, and there may be slight abnormal vibration or load mutation; If there are 1-2 structural measurement points that alarm and prompt medium risk, it is prompted that the operation status of the bridge construction facilities is to be determined, and it is recommended to check whether the sensors at the measurement points are faulty or whether the calibration upper and lower limit setting ranges are reasonable. If both are excluded, continuously prompt the management personnel to pay attention to the data changes until the medium risk is lifted; If more than two structural measurement points give an alarm indicating medium risk or high risk, it is prompted that the operating state of the bridge construction facilities is unsafe, and the construction facilities need to be shut down immediately for inspection. Specifically, according to the alarm conditions of each structural measurement point, it is determined respectively that the construction facilities may be in one or more risk situations such as abnormal vibration, sudden load change, support suspension, structural damage, structural instability, and overturning.

[0030] The safety monitoring method for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification provided by the present invention aims at the problem of insufficient risk perception in the case of low stress or displacement levels of the safety monitoring of bridge construction facilities at the bridge construction site. Starting from aspects such as finite element online calculation, setting upper and lower verification limits, and combining the characteristics of measured mechanical response values, a complete set of safety monitoring methods for bridge construction facilities is designed to greatly improve the risk perception ability of the monitoring system for on-site bridge construction facilities, bring the possibility of finding potential safety hazards in advance, be applicable to most bridge construction facilities, and have a wide application range.

[0031] As Figure 5 shown, the second aspect of the present invention provides a safety monitoring system for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification, which is used to implement the above monitoring method, and includes: a front-end data acquisition module, a data transmission and storage module, a cloud finite element calculation module, a multi-level threshold generation module, an average change rate calculation module, an alarm prompt module, and a facility status judgment module; The front-end data acquisition module includes strain gauges, displacement sensors, acceleration sensors, and inclination sensors for real-time acquisition of the mechanical response data of the bridge construction facilities, and monitoring cameras for capturing the operating state of the facilities and the on-site environment and assisting in analyzing the operating conditions of the facilities; The data transmission and storage module includes a data transmission network and a data storage unit; Data transmission network: used to transmit the real-time mechanical response data of each structural measurement point of the bridge construction facilities to the cloud finite element calculation module through communication technologies such as 5G, 4G, or NB-IoT, and transmit calculation results, alarm information, etc. to relevant staff or other management systems; Data storage unit: used to store information such as reference verification values obtained from finite element calculations, generated dynamic thresholds and static limit thresholds, real-time measurement data of each measurement point, and alarm records, etc., for convenient subsequent data query, analysis, and historical traceability; The cloud finite element calculation module includes a finite element online calculation program integrated in the cloud, which is used to perform real-time calculations on the mechanical responses of each structural measurement point of the bridge construction facilities to obtain the real-time finite element mechanical response values of each structural measurement point, that is, the reference verification values of the measured mechanical response values; relying on the powerful computing power of the cloud, this module ensures the efficient and accurate completion of complex mechanical calculation tasks and provides basic data support for subsequent monitoring and analysis; The multi-level threshold generation module processes the reference calibration value by upward and downward offset according to the measured on-site mechanical response values and in combination with an empirical algorithm, automatically generating an upper calibration limit and a lower calibration limit as the first-layer dynamic threshold for the measured mechanical response values; sets the second-layer static limit threshold according to the structural material properties at the measuring points; this module can flexibly adjust the threshold according to different facility operating conditions and environmental conditions, improving the adaptability and accuracy of the monitoring system. The average change rate calculation module is used to calculate the average change rates of the measured mechanical response values and the reference calibration values of each structural measuring point on the time series according to the measured mechanical response values, the reference calibration values of each structural measuring point, and their respective corresponding time series; determines whether there are abnormal conditions of the facility by analyzing the change rates. Specifically, through the average change rate calculation module, the real-time measurement response values of each structural measuring point and the generated upper and lower calibration limits are obtained, and the real-time change rates of the measured mechanical response values and the reference calibration values of the previous m time points including the data of the current time point of each measuring point are calculated respectively; determines whether there are abnormal conditions of the facility, such as abnormal vibration, sudden load change, etc., by analyzing the change rates. The alarm prompt module is used to perform hierarchical alarm prompts on the mechanical response conditions of each structural measuring point according to the measured mechanical response values of each structural measuring point, their average change rates on the time series with the reference calibration values, the first-layer dynamic calibration threshold, and the second-layer static limit threshold; specifically, performs alarm prompts according to the relationship between the measured mechanical response values and the two-layer thresholds and the results of the average change rate calculation module according to the preset alarm rules, and multiple alarm prompts can be broadcast simultaneously to ensure that the staff can timely understand the abnormal conditions of the facility. The facility status judgment module is used to judge the operating conditions of the bridge construction facility according to the alarm conditions of each structural measuring point; the facility status judgment module comprehensively judges the operating status of the facility according to the alarm conditions of each structural measuring point; if the mechanical responses of all measuring points are normal, it is determined that the operating status of the facility is safe.

[0032] The safety monitoring system for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time calibration of the present invention can realize real-time monitoring, dynamic calibration, and intelligent alarm of the operating status of the facility, effectively improving the safety management level of the construction site.

[0033] It should be noted that the safety monitoring system for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time calibration provided in this embodiment can be a computer program (including program code) running in a computer facility, for example, the safety monitoring system for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time calibration is an application software; the safety monitoring system for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time calibration can be used to execute the corresponding steps in the above method provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0034] In some feasible embodiments, the safety monitoring system for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification provided in this embodiment can be implemented in a combination of software and hardware. As an example, the safety monitoring system for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification provided in the embodiments of the present application can be a processor in the form of a hardware decoding processor, which is programmed to execute the safety monitoring method for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification provided in the embodiments of the present application. For example, the processor in the form of a hardware decoding processor can adopt one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other electronic components.

[0035] In some feasible embodiments, the safety monitoring system for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification provided in this embodiment can be implemented in a software manner. It can be software in the form of programs and plugins, and includes a series of modules to implement the safety monitoring method for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0036] The safety monitoring system for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification provided in this embodiment monitors the mechanical response of bridge construction facilities in real time through finite element calculation and dynamic threshold adjustment, and prompts the operating state of the facilities according to different alarm conditions; through finite element online calculation, multi-level threshold dynamic verification, and multi-level alarm mechanism, it effectively improves the accuracy, reliability, and applicability of the safety monitoring of bridge construction facilities at the bridge construction site, especially being able to detect potential safety hazards in a timely manner at low stress or displacement levels; it provides strong technical support for the safety management at the bridge construction site.

[0037] The third aspect of the present invention also provides an electronic facility, Figure 6 which is a schematic structural diagram of the electronic facility of this embodiment, as Figure 6As shown in the figure, the electronic facility 1000 in this embodiment may include: a processor 1001, a network interface 1004, and a memory 1005. In addition, the above-mentioned electronic facility 1000 may further include: a user interface 1003, and at least one communication bus 1002. Among them, the communication bus 1002 is used to realize the connection and communication between these components. Among them, the user interface 1003 may include a display screen (Display) and a keyboard (Keyboard). Optionally, the user interface 1003 may further include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface. The network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface (such as a WI-FI interface). The memory 1005 may be a high-speed RAM memory or a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk memory. Optionally, the memory 1005 may also be at least one storage device located far from the aforementioned processor 1001. As Figure 6 As shown, the memory 1005, as a computer-readable storage medium, may include an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface module, and a facility control application program.

[0038] As Figure 6 In the electronic facility 1000 as shown, the network interface 1004 can provide network communication functions; while the user interface 1003 is mainly used to provide an input interface for users; and the processor 1001 can be used to call the facility control application program stored in the memory 1005 to achieve: Real-time collect the measured mechanical response values of each structural measurement point of the bridge construction facility and transmit them to the cloud platform; Perform real-time calculation on the mechanical response of each structural measurement point of the bridge construction facility through the finite element online calculation program deployed on the cloud platform to obtain the real-time finite element mechanical response value of each structural measurement point, that is, the reference verification value of the measured mechanical response value; Set the verification upper limit and verification lower limit according to the relationship between the reference verification value and the measured mechanical response value as the first-layer dynamic threshold of the measured mechanical response value; set the second-layer static limit threshold according to the structural material properties at the measurement point; According to the measured mechanical response values of each structural measurement point, the reference verification values, and their respective time series, calculate the average change rates of the measured mechanical response values and the reference verification values of each structural measurement point over the time series respectively; Perform hierarchical alarm prompts on the mechanical response conditions of each structural measurement point according to the measured mechanical response values of each structural measurement point, their average change rates over the time series with the reference verification values, the first-layer dynamic verification threshold, and the second-layer static limit threshold; Judge the operation status of the bridge construction facility according to the alarm conditions of each structural measurement point.

[0039] It should be understood that in some feasible embodiments, the above-mentioned processor 1001 may be a central processing unit (CPU), and this processor may also be other general-purpose processors, DSPs, ASICs, FPGAs or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or this processor may also be any conventional processor, etc. The memory may include a read-only memory and a random access memory, and provide instructions and data to the processor. A part of the memory may also include a non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory may also store information about the facility type.

[0040] In specific implementation, the above-mentioned electronic facility 1000 may execute the implementation manners provided in each step as above through its built-in various functional modules. For specific details, reference may be made to the implementation manners provided in each step as above, which will not be elaborated here. Figure 1 In specific implementation, the above-mentioned electronic facility 1000 may execute the implementation manners provided in each step as above through its built-in various functional modules. For specific details, reference may be made to the implementation manners provided in each step as above, which will not be elaborated here.

[0041] The electronic facility provided in this embodiment monitors the mechanical response of the bridge construction facility in real time through finite element calculation and dynamic threshold adjustment, and prompts the operating state of the facility according to different alarm conditions; through finite element online calculation, multi-level threshold dynamic verification and multi-level alarm mechanism, it effectively improves the accuracy, reliability and applicability of the safety monitoring of the bridge construction facility at the bridge construction site, especially it can timely detect potential safety hazards at low stress or displacement levels; it provides strong technical support for the safety management at the bridge construction site.

[0042] The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program that is executed by a processor to implement Figure 1 the methods provided in each step as above. For specific details, reference may be made to the implementation manners provided in each step as above, which will not be elaborated here.

[0043] The computer-readable storage medium provided in this embodiment monitors the mechanical response of the bridge construction facility in real time through finite element calculation and dynamic threshold adjustment, and prompts the operating state of the facility according to different alarm conditions; through finite element online calculation, multi-level threshold dynamic verification and multi-level alarm mechanism, it effectively improves the accuracy, reliability and applicability of the safety monitoring of the bridge construction facility at the bridge construction site, especially it can timely detect potential safety hazards at low stress or displacement levels; it provides strong technical support for the safety management at the bridge construction site.

[0044] Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other media used in the embodiments provided by this application may include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in various forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct rambus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and rambus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.

[0045] Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not used to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A safety monitoring method for bridge construction facilities based on real-time finite element verification, characterized in that It includes the following steps: S1: The measured mechanical response values of each structural measurement point of the bridge construction facilities are collected in real time by the front-end data acquisition module and transmitted to the cloud platform; S2: The mechanical response of each structural measurement point of the bridge construction facilities is calculated in real time by the finite element online calculation program deployed on the cloud platform to obtain the real-time finite element mechanical response value of each structural measurement point, that is, the reference verification value of the measured mechanical response value; S3: Set the verification upper limit and verification lower limit according to the relationship between the reference verification value and the measured mechanical response value as the first-layer dynamic threshold of the measured mechanical response value; Set the second-layer static limit threshold according to the structural material properties at the measurement point; S4: According to the measured mechanical response value and reference verification value of each structural measurement point and their respective time series, calculate the average change rate of the measured mechanical response value and reference verification value of each structural measurement point in the time series respectively; S5: Perform hierarchical alarm prompts on the mechanical response of each structural measurement point according to the measured mechanical response value of each structural measurement point, its average change rate with the reference verification value in the time series, the first-layer dynamic verification threshold, and the second-layer static limit threshold; S6: Judge the operation status of the bridge construction facilities according to the alarm status of each structural measurement point.

2. The safety monitoring method for bridge construction facilities based on finite element real-time verification according to claim 1, wherein, Step S2 includes: S21: Establish a finite element model of the bridge construction facilities according to the design drawings or 3D scan data; S22: Deploy the finite element calculation program that supports the calculation of the measured mechanical response value on the cloud platform, and obtain the finite element input information through the cloud platform; the finite element input information includes load information, boundary condition information, model geometric information, etc. for the updated calculation of the finite element model; S23: Call the finite element calculation program to calculate the mechanical response of each structural measurement point in the updated finite element model in real time to obtain the real-time reference verification value of each structural measurement point; S24: Organize the real-time reference verification values of each structural measurement point in chronological order to form time series data.

3. A safety monitoring method for bridge construction facilities based on real-time finite element verification according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 includes the following steps: S31: The mechanical response value of each structural measurement point is collected in real time by the front-end data acquisition module; S32: Calculate the deviation between the measured mechanical response value and the reference verification value of each structural measurement point in the previous period of time; S33: Dynamically adjust the upper and lower offset values of the reference verification value according to the deviation calculation result; Offset the reference verification value upward and downward according to the offset value to generate the verification upper limit and verification lower limit; S34: Store the verification upper limit and verification lower limit in the cloud database as the first-layer dynamic threshold of the measured mechanical response value; S35: Set the second-layer static limit threshold according to the structural material properties at the measurement point and store it in the cloud database.

4. A safety monitoring method for bridge construction facilities based on real-time finite element verification according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S33, dynamically adjust the upper and lower offset values of the reference verification value according to the deviation calculation result; Offset the reference verification value upward and downward according to the offset value to generate the verification upper limit and verification lower limit, including: S331: Calculate the mean and standard deviation of the deviation; S332: Set the threshold according to experience. When the mean or standard deviation of the deviation exceeds the threshold, it indicates that there is an error between the finite element model and the actual situation, and the finite element model is corrected. After correcting the finite element model, when both the mean and standard deviation of the deviation satisfy being less than the threshold, proceed to the next step; S333: Adjust the range coefficient of the calibration upper and lower limits according to the operating state and actual working conditions of the facility, and then set the calibration upper limit and calibration lower limit; In step S333, the calibration upper limit and calibration lower limit are calculated by equations (4) and (5) respectively: （4） （5） Among them, is the range coefficient for checking the upper and lower limits.

5. A safety monitoring method for bridge construction facilities based on real-time finite element verification according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S35, setting the second-layer static limit threshold according to the structural material properties at the measurement point includes: If the mechanical response value is stress, calculate according to equations (6) and (7), otherwise set according to experience; （6） （7） Among them, is the yield strength of the material at the measuring point, is the safety factor.

6. A safety monitoring method for bridge construction facilities based on real-time finite element verification according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, In step S4, according to the measured mechanical response values and reference calibration values of each structural measurement point and their respective time series, calculate the average change rates of the measured mechanical response values and reference calibration values of each structural measurement point on the time series respectively, including: S41: Continuously collect the measured mechanical response values of each structural measurement point in the time series, and mark them in chronological order as ; S42: Synchronously obtain the reference verification values corresponding to each time point under the same time series ; S43: Accurately record the time point corresponding to each data acquisition , ensuring the accurate correspondence between time and response value; S44: Use the first-order difference method to calculate the average change rate of the measured mechanical response values at the previous time points including the data at the current time point, and the average change rate of the reference calibration values. When the data acquisition is less than the required number, the average change rate is not calculated.

7. A safety monitoring method for bridge construction facilities based on real-time finite element verification according to claim 6, characterized in that The average rate of change of the measured mechanical response values at the previous several time points including the data at the current time point in step S44 is calculated by Equation (8): （8） Among them, and are the indices of the data at the current time point and the th time point before the current time point; is the measured mechanical response value at the current time point; is the measured mechanical response value at the th time point before the current time point; is the current time point; is the th time point before the current time point; The average change rate of the reference check values of the previous number of time points including the data at the current time point in step S44 is calculated by Equation (9): (9)； Among them, is the reference verification value at the current time point; is the reference verification value at the th time point before the current time point.

8. A safety monitoring method for bridge construction facilities based on real-time finite element verification according to any one of claims 1-5 or claim 7, characterized in that, In step S5, perform hierarchical alarm prompts for the mechanical response conditions of each structural measurement point according to the magnitudes of the measured mechanical response values of each structural measurement point and their average change rates on the time series; including: If the measured mechanical response value is within the calibration upper and lower limits, and the absolute value of the absolute deviation of the average change rates of the measured mechanical response value and the reference calibration value on the time series does not exceed the given value, it is prompted that the mechanical response condition of this structural measurement point is normal and the measurement point is safe; If the measured mechanical response value is within the calibration upper and lower limits, and the absolute value of the absolute deviation of the average change rates of the measured mechanical response value and the reference calibration value on the time series is greater than the given value, according to whether the response value fluctuates on the time series, it is alarmed that there may be abnormal vibration or sudden load change near the measurement point, and the risk level is low risk; If the measured mechanical response value is outside the calibration upper and lower limits and within the second-layer static limit threshold, and the absolute value of the absolute deviation of the average change rates of the measured mechanical response value and the reference calibration value on the time series does not exceed the given value, it is alarmed that the range coefficient setting of the calibration upper and lower limits of the measurement point is inappropriate, and it is necessary to appropriately increase the value of the range coefficient of the calibration upper and lower limits and update the range of the dynamic calibration upper and lower limits, and the risk level is low; If the measured mechanical response value is outside the calibration upper and lower limits and within the second-layer static limit threshold, and the absolute value of the absolute deviation of the average change rates of the measured mechanical response value and the reference calibration value on the time series is greater than the given value, according to whether the response value fluctuates on the time series, it is alarmed that there may be abnormal vibration or sudden load change near the measurement point, and at the same time it is prompted that the measured mechanical response value exceeds the first-layer dynamic calibration threshold, and the risk level is medium risk; If the measured mechanical response value is stress and is outside the calibration upper and lower limits and within the second-layer static limit threshold, and the absolute value of the stress is very small or even 0, it is alarmed that there may be a risk of support suspension near the measurement point, and at the same time it is prompted that the measured mechanical response value exceeds the first-layer dynamic calibration threshold, and the risk level is medium risk; The measured mechanical response value is outside the second - layer static limit threshold. An alarm is given to indicate that the measured mechanical response value of the measuring point exceeds the second - layer static limit threshold, and there may be dangerous situations such as structural damage, structural instability, and overturning near the measuring point. The risk level is high risk.

9. A safety monitoring method for bridge construction facilities based on real-time finite element verification according to claim 8, characterized in that In step S6, according to the alarm conditions of each structural measuring point, the operation status of the bridge construction facilities is judged, including: If the mechanical response conditions of all structural measuring points are normal, it is prompted that the operation status of the bridge construction facilities is safe; If there is only an alarm prompt of low risk for the structural measuring point, it is prompted that the operation status of the bridge construction facilities is basically safe, and there may be slight abnormal vibration or load mutation; If there are 1 - 2 structural measuring points with an alarm prompt of medium risk, it is prompted that the operation status of the bridge construction facilities is to be determined. It is recommended to check whether the sensors at the measuring points are faulty or verify whether the upper and lower limit settings are reasonable. If both are excluded, the management staff are continuously prompted to pay attention to the data changes until the medium risk is lifted; If more than 2 structural measuring points have an alarm prompt of medium risk or there is a high risk, it is prompted that the operation status of the bridge construction facilities is unsafe, and the construction facilities need to be shut down immediately for inspection. Specifically, according to the alarm conditions of each structural measuring point, it is respectively judged that the construction facilities may be in one or more risk situations such as abnormal vibration, load mutation, support suspension, structural damage, structural instability, and overturning.

10. A safety monitoring system for bridge construction facilities based on real-time finite element verification, characterized in that, A method for safety monitoring of bridge construction facilities based on finite - element real - time calibration as described in any one of claims 1 - 9, including: a front - end data acquisition module, a data transmission and storage module, a cloud finite - element calculation module, a multi - level threshold generation module, an average change rate calculation module, an alarm prompt module, and a facilities status judgment module; The front - end data acquisition module includes strain gauges, displacement sensors, acceleration sensors, and inclination sensors for real - time acquisition of the mechanical response data of the bridge construction facilities, and monitoring cameras for capturing the operation status of the facilities and the on - site environment to assist in analyzing the operation of the facilities; The data transmission and storage module includes a data transmission network and a data storage unit; Data transmission network: used to transmit the real - time mechanical response data of each structural measuring point of the bridge construction facilities to the cloud finite - element calculation module, and transmit calculation results, alarm information, etc. to relevant staff or other management systems; Data storage unit: used to store information such as the reference calibration value obtained by finite - element calculation, the generated dynamic threshold and static limit threshold, the real - time measurement data of each measuring point, and alarm records; The cloud finite - element calculation module includes a finite - element online calculation program integrated in the cloud, which is used to perform real - time calculation on the mechanical response of each structural measuring point of the bridge construction facilities to obtain the real - time finite - element mechanical response value of each structural measuring point, that is, the reference calibration value of the measured mechanical response value; The multi - level threshold generation module, based on the on - site measured mechanical response value situation, combines with an empirical algorithm to perform upward and downward offset processing on the reference calibration value to automatically generate a calibration upper limit and a calibration lower limit as the first - layer dynamic threshold of the measured mechanical response value; the second - layer static limit threshold is set according to the structural material properties at the measuring point; The average change rate calculation module is used to calculate the average change rates of the measured mechanical response values and the reference calibration values of each structural measurement point on the time series respectively according to the measured mechanical response values, the reference calibration values of each structural measurement point and their respective corresponding time series; The alarm prompt module is used to perform hierarchical alarm prompts on the mechanical response conditions of each structural measurement point according to the measured mechanical response values of each structural measurement point, the average change rates of the measured mechanical response values and the reference calibration values on the time series, the first-layer dynamic calibration threshold and the second-layer static limit threshold; The facility status judgment module is used to judge the operation status of the bridge construction facilities according to the alarm conditions of each structural measurement point.

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