Nuclear power system based on energy storage and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power generation, in particular to a nuclear power system based on energy storage and a control method thereof.The system comprises a nuclear power subsystem, an energy storage subsystem and a control unit; the nuclear power subsystem comprises a nuclear reactor, a steam generator, a pump and a steam turbine which are sequentially connected and is used for driving the steam turbine to generate power through heat energy generated by the nuclear reactor, and electric energy generated by the steam turbine is sent to a load; the energy storage subsystem comprises a fused salt energy storage unit and a super capacitor energy storage unit; the fused salt energy storage unit is thermally coupled with a steam loop between the steam generator and the steam turbine and is used for absorbing or releasing heat energy to adjust steam parameters; the super capacitor energy storage unit is electrically connected with the power output end of the steam turbine and used for storing or releasing electric energy. And the control unit is used for dynamically adjusting the energy interaction of the nuclear power subsystem and the energy storage subsystem according to the load demand to realize load tracking, and is used for controlling the power of the nuclear reactor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power generation, and particularly to a nuclear power system based on energy storage and its control method. Background Art

[0002] As an efficient clean energy, nuclear energy has been widely applied worldwide. With the further research on nuclear energy technology, small nuclear power plants, due to their characteristics such as mobility, low capital investment cost, ability to provide power far from the main power grid system, and easy handling, can play a very important role especially in complex areas such as islands, remote areas, and disaster-stricken areas, and are at the forefront of the next step of nuclear energy technology research. Small nuclear power plants have dynamic characteristics of large time delay, non-linearity, strong coupling, and time-varying parameters, and need to track frequent external load changes, which poses new challenges to small nuclear power systems.

[0003] New energy storage, as an important basic equipment and key supporting technology for building a new power system, promoting the transformation of the energy system, and ensuring national energy security, is an important strategic emerging industry for building a new development pattern. Advanced heat storage technologies such as molten salt thermal energy storage, energy storage, hot water energy storage, and concrete thermal energy storage, combined with reactor power generation systems, can well achieve load tracking. The energy stored in the energy storage system can be used as emergency energy, or can be used for energy storage when the grid load is low and output energy when the grid load is high, for peak shaving and valley filling to reduce grid fluctuations.

[0004] Most current research focuses on the combination of thermal power plants and energy storage systems for grid peak shaving, with little research on the combination of nuclear power systems and energy storage systems, and the combination of small nuclear power systems and energy storage technologies is not considered. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a nuclear power system based on energy storage and its control method for solving the technical problem of energy waste during the load adjustment process of small nuclear power plants in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a nuclear power system based on energy storage, including a nuclear power subsystem, an energy storage subsystem, and a control unit; The nuclear power subsystem includes a nuclear reactor, a steam generator, a pump, and a steam turbine connected in sequence, and is used to drive the steam turbine to generate electricity by the thermal energy generated by the nuclear reactor, and the electricity generated by the steam turbine is used to be sent to the load; The supercapacitor energy storage subsystem includes a molten salt energy storage unit and a supercapacitor energy storage unit; the molten salt energy storage unit is thermally coupled to the steam circuit between the steam generator and the steam turbine, and is used to absorb or release heat energy to adjust the steam parameters; the supercapacitor energy storage unit is electrically connected to the power output end of the steam turbine and is used to store or release electrical energy; The control unit is used to dynamically adjust the energy interaction between the nuclear power subsystem and the energy storage subsystem according to the load demand, realize load tracking, and is used to control the power of the nuclear reactor.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, a nuclear power system based on energy storage includes a nuclear power subsystem, an energy storage subsystem and a control unit; The nuclear power subsystem includes a nuclear reactor, a steam generator, a pump and a steam turbine connected in sequence, and is used to drive the steam turbine to generate electricity through the heat energy generated by the nuclear reactor. The electrical energy generated by the steam turbine is used to be sent to the load; The energy storage subsystem includes a molten salt energy storage unit and a supercapacitor energy storage unit; the molten salt energy storage unit is thermally coupled to the steam circuit between the steam generator and the steam turbine, and is used to absorb or release heat energy to adjust the steam parameters; the supercapacitor energy storage unit is electrically connected to the power output end of the steam turbine and is used to store or release electrical energy; The control unit is used to dynamically adjust the energy interaction between the nuclear power subsystem and the energy storage subsystem according to the load demand, realize load tracking, and is used to control the power of the nuclear reactor.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, when the load is operating under standard conditions, the load power in the standard conditions is 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, and the supercapacitor energy storage unit is at 50% of its maximum energy storage capacity, which is used to cope with load regulation; The molten salt energy storage unit is at 50% of its maximum energy storage capacity, which is used to cope with load regulation; When operating under standard conditions, neither the supercapacitor energy storage unit nor the molten salt energy storage unit exchanges energy with the nuclear power subsystem, and the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, when the load switches from the standard condition to the high load condition, that is, when the load power switches from 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor to 90% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, the control strategy of the corresponding control unit is: Control the supercapacitor energy storage unit to release electrical energy, respond to the instantaneous high load demand, and simultaneously control the molten salt energy storage unit to release energy to increase the steam parameters and increase the power output by the steam turbine to quickly track the high load; When the duration of the high-load condition exceeds a preset threshold, positive reactivity is introduced into the nuclear reactor through control rods, and the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are controlled to gradually reduce the rate of energy release, so that the power increase caused by the introduction of positive reactivity and the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit cooperate to reach 90% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, so that the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load; When the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load, neither the supercapacitor energy storage unit nor the molten salt energy storage unit exchanges energy with the nuclear power subsystem, so as to meet 30% of the maximum energy storage of the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit respectively.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, when the load switches from the high-load condition to the standard condition, that is, when switching from 90% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor to 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, the control strategy of the control unit is: Control the supercapacitor energy storage unit to absorb excess electric energy, respond to the instantaneous standard load demand, and synchronously control the molten salt energy storage unit to absorb the heat energy in the steam circuit, reduce the steam parameters to reduce the output power of the steam turbine, so as to quickly track the standard load; When the duration of the standard condition load exceeds a preset threshold, negative reactivity is introduced into the nuclear reactor through control rods to reduce the output power of the nuclear reactor. At the same time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are controlled to gradually reduce the rate of energy absorption, so that the power decrease caused by the introduction of negative reactivity and the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit together reach 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, so that the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load; When the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load, neither the supercapacitor energy storage unit nor the molten salt energy storage unit exchanges energy with the nuclear power subsystem, so as to meet 50% of the maximum energy storage of the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit respectively.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, when the load switches from the standard condition to the low-load condition, that is, when switching from 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor to 50% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, the control strategy of the control unit is: Control the supercapacitor energy storage unit to absorb electric energy, respond to the instantaneous low-load demand, and synchronously control the molten salt energy storage unit to absorb heat energy, so as to reduce the steam parameters and the output power of the steam turbine, so as to quickly track the low load; When the duration of the low-load condition exceeds a preset threshold, negative reactivity is introduced into the nuclear reactor through control rods to reduce the output power of the nuclear reactor. At the same time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are controlled to gradually reduce the rate of energy absorption, so that the power decrease value caused by the introduction of negative reactivity and the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit together reach 50% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, so that the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load; When the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load, neither the supercapacitor energy storage unit nor the molten salt energy storage unit exchanges energy with the nuclear power subsystem. At this time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are respectively at 70% of their maximum energy storage capacities.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, when the load switches from a low-load condition to a standard condition, that is, from 50% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor to 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, the control strategy of the control unit is as follows: Control the supercapacitor energy storage unit to release electrical energy to respond to the instantaneous standard load demand, and simultaneously control the molten salt energy storage unit to release thermal energy to increase the steam parameters to quickly track the standard load; When the duration of the standard load condition exceeds a preset threshold, introduce positive reactivity into the nuclear reactor through control rods, and at the same time control the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit to gradually reduce the speed of releasing energy, so that the power increase caused by the introduction of positive reactivity, together with the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit, reaches 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor to match the power of the nuclear reactor with the load; When the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load, neither the supercapacitor energy storage unit nor the molten salt energy storage unit exchanges energy with the nuclear power subsystem to meet the requirement that the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are respectively at 50% of their maximum energy storage capacities.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a control method for a nuclear power system based on energy storage, which is implemented based on the above-mentioned control system of the nuclear power system based on energy storage, and includes: Detect the difference between the current load demand and the actual output power of the nuclear reactor; If the difference is a transient fluctuation, compensate for the power gap through the charging and discharging of the supercapacitor energy storage unit; If the difference continuously exceeds the set time threshold, adjust the molten salt energy storage unit, and then introduce positive reactivity or negative reactivity through control rods to match the power of the nuclear reactor with the load.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, during the control process of the supercapacitor energy storage unit, the threshold range of the change in the energy storage capacity is 30% - 70%.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the adjustment range of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor in the molten salt energy storage unit is 30% - 70%.

[0016] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, where the one or more programs include instructions that, when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to execute the above-mentioned control method for a nuclear power system based on energy storage.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The nuclear power system based on energy storage provided by the present invention realizes rapid load tracking of a small nuclear power system through the coordinated cooperation of a molten salt energy storage unit and a supercapacitor energy storage unit. The molten salt energy storage unit, due to its large capacity, long lifespan, and simple configuration, uses steam during the off-peak electricity period to heat the molten salt and releases the energy of the molten salt to heat the steam during the peak load period, providing a "peak shaving and valley filling" effect for the power grid. The supercapacitor energy storage, with its fast response speed and strong short-term power throughput ability, can well realize the overall frequency modulation performance of the system. Combining the molten salt energy storage unit and the supercapacitor energy storage unit and applying them to a small nuclear power device can realize the frequency modulation and peak shaving functions, rapid load tracking, and cope with various emergencies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a nuclear power system based on energy storage provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a control flow chart of a nuclear power system based on energy storage provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0022] In order to make the objectives and technical solutions of the present invention clearer and easier to understand, the following will further describe the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings and embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0023] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments. Among them, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments.

[0024] Embodiment 1 As Figure 1 shown, this embodiment provides a nuclear power system based on energy storage, mainly including: a nuclear power subsystem, an energy storage subsystem, and a control unit.

[0025] Among them, the nuclear power subsystem includes a nuclear reactor, a steam generator, a pump, and a steam turbine connected in sequence, which is used to drive the steam turbine to generate electricity through the thermal energy generated by the nuclear reactor, and the electric energy generated by the steam turbine is used to be sent to the load. Specifically, the heat generated by the nuclear reactor is used to drive the steam generator. In addition, the steam generated by the steam generator also acts on the nuclear reactor through a primary loop pump. The steam generator generates steam, and the thermal energy generated by the steam is used to drive the steam turbine to generate electricity. There is also a secondary loop pump between the steam generator and the steam turbine, which is used to transport the steam output by the steam turbine to the steam generator after cooling through a condenser. The electric energy generated by the steam turbine will be transmitted to the load, and the energy storage subsystem will be feedback-regulated according to the load demand of the load.

[0026] The energy storage subsystem includes a molten salt energy storage unit and a supercapacitor energy storage unit.

[0027] The molten salt energy storage unit is thermally coupled with the steam circuit between the steam generator and the steam turbine, and is used to absorb or release thermal energy to adjust the steam parameters. The supercapacitor energy storage unit is electrically connected to the power output end of the steam turbine and is used to store or release electric energy.

[0028] The molten salt energy storage unit is arranged on the pipeline connecting the steam generator and the steam turbine, and the absorbed or released thermal energy acts on the steam turbine to realize heat exchange with the steam in this pipeline.

[0029] The supercapacitor energy storage unit is arranged on the bypass between the steam turbine and the load to realize electric energy exchange with the output load section.

[0030] The control unit is used to dynamically adjust the energy interaction between the nuclear power subsystem and the energy storage subsystem according to the load demand, realize load tracking, and is used to control the power of the nuclear reactor.

[0031] According to the load demand, the control unit includes a variety of control strategies, which are specifically as follows.

[0032] First, when the load is operating under standard conditions, that is, when the load power reaches 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, the supercapacitor energy storage unit is at 50% of its maximum energy storage capacity, which is used to cope with load regulation; The molten salt energy storage unit is at 50% of its maximum energy storage capacity, which is used to cope with load regulation; Under standard conditions, neither the supercapacitor energy storage unit nor the molten salt energy storage unit exchanges energy with the nuclear power subsystem, and the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load.

[0033] Second, when the load switches from the standard condition to the high load condition, that is, when the load power switches from 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor to 90% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, the control strategy of the corresponding control unit is as follows: Control the supercapacitor energy storage unit to release electrical energy, respond to instantaneous high-load demands, synchronously control the molten salt energy storage unit to release energy to increase steam parameters, and increase the power output of the steam turbine to quickly track high loads; When the duration of the high-load condition exceeds a preset threshold, introduce positive reactivity into the nuclear reactor through control rods, and control the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit to gradually reduce the rate of energy release, so that the power increase caused by the introduction of positive reactivity and the cooperation of the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit reach 90% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, so that the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load; Specifically, the supercapacitor energy storage unit first releases energy to meet the load demand and achieve rapid load tracking. At the same time, the molten salt energy storage unit releases energy to heat the steam, increasing the energy generated by the steam turbine. The energy generated by the steam turbine and the energy released by the supercapacitor together meet the load requirements. If the high-load condition ends soon, the reactor does not need to introduce any disturbances and remains in the standard condition all the time. Only the energy storage system can achieve rapid load tracking. If the high-load condition lasts for a long time, positive reactivity needs to be slowly introduced through control rods to increase the power of the reactor. When the reactor power matches the load, neither the molten salt energy storage unit nor the supercapacitor energy storage unit exchanges energy with the nuclear power system. At this time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are respectively 30% of their maximum energy storage.

[0034] Third, when the load switches from the high-load condition to the standard condition, that is, from 90% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor to 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, the control strategy of the control unit is as follows: Control the supercapacitor energy storage unit to absorb excess electrical energy, synchronously control the molten salt energy storage unit to absorb the heat energy in the steam circuit, reduce the steam parameters to lower the power output of the steam turbine until the current power output of the steam turbine can meet the load demand under the standard condition; Control the supercapacitor energy storage unit to absorb excess electrical energy, respond to instantaneous standard load demands, synchronously control the molten salt energy storage unit to absorb the heat energy in the steam circuit, reduce the steam parameters to lower the power output of the steam turbine to quickly track the standard load; When the duration of the standard condition load exceeds a preset threshold, introduce negative reactivity into the nuclear reactor through control rods to reduce the power output of the nuclear reactor. At the same time, control the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit to gradually reduce the rate of energy absorption, so that the power decrease caused by the introduction of negative reactivity and the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit together reach 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, so that the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load; Specifically, at this time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit absorbs the excess electric energy to meet the load demand and achieve rapid load tracking. At the same time, the molten salt energy storage unit absorbs the steam energy, reducing the energy output by the steam turbine. The energy generated by the steam turbine and the energy absorbed by the supercapacitor together meet the load requirements. If the standard load condition lasts for a short time, the reactor is not affected and remains at a high operating condition, and rapid load tracking can be achieved only by the energy storage system. If the standard load condition lasts for a long time, negative reactivity needs to be introduced. At this time, negative reactivity is introduced by controlling the control rods to slowly reduce the power of the reactor. When the reactor power matches the load, when the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load, neither the supercapacitor energy storage unit nor the molten salt energy storage unit exchanges energy with the nuclear power subsystem. At this time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are respectively at 50% of their maximum energy storage capacities.

[0035] Fourth, when the load switches from the standard condition to the low load condition, that is, from 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor to 50% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, the control strategy of the control unit is as follows: Control the supercapacitor energy storage unit to absorb electric energy to respond to the instantaneous low load demand, and synchronously control the molten salt energy storage unit to absorb thermal energy to reduce the steam parameters and the output power of the steam turbine to quickly track the low load. When the low load condition lasts for a time exceeding the preset threshold, introduce negative reactivity into the nuclear reactor through the control rods to reduce the output power of the nuclear reactor. At the same time, control the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit to gradually reduce the speed of energy absorption, so that the power reduction value caused by the introduction of negative reactivity and the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit together reach 50% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, so that the nuclear reactor power matches the load. Specifically, the supercapacitor energy storage unit first absorbs energy to meet the load demand and achieve rapid load tracking. At the same time, the molten salt energy storage unit absorbs the steam energy, reducing the energy output by the steam turbine. The energy generated by the steam turbine and the energy released by the supercapacitor together meet the load requirements. If this low load condition ends soon, the reactor does not need to introduce any disturbances and remains at the standard load condition, and rapid load tracking can be achieved only by the energy storage system. If this low load condition lasts for a long time, negative reactivity needs to be slowly introduced through the control rods to reduce the power of the reactor. When the reactor power matches the load, neither the supercapacitor energy storage unit nor the molten salt energy storage unit exchanges energy with the nuclear power subsystem. At this time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are respectively at 90% of their maximum energy storage capacities.

[0036] Fifth, when the load switches from the low load condition to the standard condition, that is, from 50% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor to 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, the control strategy of the control unit is as follows: Control the supercapacitor energy storage unit to release electrical energy, respond to the instantaneous standard load demand, and synchronously control the molten salt energy storage unit to release thermal energy to increase the steam parameters, so as to quickly track the standard load; When the duration of the standard load condition exceeds the preset threshold, introduce positive reactivity into the nuclear reactor through the control rod, and at the same time control the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit to gradually reduce the energy release rate, so that the power increase caused by the introduction of positive reactivity and the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit together reach 70% of the maximum nuclear reactor thermal power, so as to match the nuclear reactor power with the load; Specifically, the supercapacitor energy storage unit first releases energy to meet the load demand and achieve fast load tracking. At the same time, the molten salt energy storage unit releases energy to heat the steam, increasing the energy generated by the steam turbine. The energy generated by the steam turbine and the energy released by the supercapacitor together meet the load requirements. If this standard load condition ends soon, the reactor does not need to introduce any disturbances and remains in the low load condition all the time. Only relying on the energy storage system can achieve fast load tracking; if this standard load condition lasts for a long time, positive reactivity needs to be slowly introduced through the control rod to increase the power of the reactor. When the nuclear reactor power matches the load, neither the supercapacitor energy storage unit nor the molten salt energy storage unit exchanges energy with the nuclear power subsystem. At this time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are respectively 50% of their maximum energy storage.

[0037] The integrated application of molten salt energy storage and supercapacitor energy storage constructs an efficient hybrid energy storage system for small nuclear power systems, realizing precise regulation of the grid load. The molten salt energy storage unit, with its large capacity and long cycle characteristics, absorbs surplus electrical energy during off-peak electricity periods and converts it into thermal energy for storage, and releases thermal energy to drive steam turbines to generate electricity during peak load periods, effectively smoothing the peak-valley difference of the grid; the supercapacitor energy storage unit, with its millisecond-level response speed and instantaneous high-power throughput capacity, compensates for system frequency fluctuations in real time to ensure grid frequency stability. The two operate in coordination, with the molten salt energy storage providing basic load support and the supercapacitor handling instantaneous power shocks, jointly achieving fast load tracking and dynamic frequency modulation and peak shaving functions, significantly enhancing the flexibility and reliability of small nuclear power systems in dealing with sudden operating conditions.

[0038] Embodiment 2 As Figure 2 shown, this embodiment provides a control method for a nuclear power system based on energy storage. It is implemented based on the control system of the nuclear power system based on energy storage in Embodiment 1. The following are the specific implementation manners.

[0039] Detect the difference between the current load demand and the actual output power of the nuclear reactor; If the difference is a transient fluctuation, compensate for the power gap through the charging and discharging of the supercapacitor energy storage unit; If the difference continuously exceeds the set time threshold, the molten salt energy storage unit is adjusted, and then the control rod is introduced with positive reactivity or negative reactivity to match the nuclear reactor power with the load.

[0040] During the control process of the supercapacitor energy storage unit, the threshold range of the stored energy change is 30% - 70%. The adjustment range of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor in the molten salt energy storage unit is 50% - 90%.

[0041] The control method in this embodiment includes five control conditions, which are specifically as follows: First, when the load is operating under standard conditions, that is, when the load power reaches 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, the supercapacitor energy storage unit is at 50% of its maximum stored energy to respond to load regulation; The molten salt energy storage unit is at 50% of its maximum stored energy to respond to load regulation; Under standard conditions, neither the supercapacitor energy storage unit nor the molten salt energy storage unit exchanges energy with the nuclear power subsystem, and the nuclear reactor power matches the load.

[0042] Second, when the load switches from the standard condition to the high load condition, that is, when the load power switches from 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor to 90% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, the control strategy of the corresponding control unit is: Control the supercapacitor energy storage unit to release electric energy to respond to the instantaneous high load demand, and simultaneously control the molten salt energy storage unit to release energy to increase the steam parameters and increase the power output of the steam turbine to quickly track the high load; When the duration of the high load condition exceeds the preset threshold, introduce positive reactivity into the nuclear reactor through the control rod, and control the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit to gradually reduce the energy release speed, so that the power increase caused by the introduction of positive reactivity and the cooperation of the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit reach 90% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, so as to match the nuclear reactor power with the load; When the nuclear reactor power and the load are matched, neither the supercapacitor energy storage unit nor the molten salt energy storage unit exchanges energy with the nuclear power subsystem. At this time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are respectively at 30% of their maximum stored energy.

[0043] Third, when the load switches from the high load condition to the standard condition, that is, when it switches from 90% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor to 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, the control strategy of the control unit is: Control the supercapacitor energy storage unit to absorb excess electric energy to respond to the instantaneous standard load demand, and simultaneously control the molten salt energy storage unit to absorb the heat energy in the steam circuit, reduce the steam parameters to reduce the power output of the steam turbine, so as to quickly track the standard load; When the duration of the standard operating condition load exceeds a preset threshold, negative reactivity is introduced into the nuclear reactor through control rods to reduce the output power of the nuclear reactor. At the same time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are controlled to gradually reduce the speed of absorbing energy, so that the power drop caused by the introduction of negative reactivity and the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit together reach 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, so as to match the power of the nuclear reactor with the load; When the power of the nuclear reactor is matched with the load, neither the supercapacitor energy storage unit nor the molten salt energy storage unit exchanges energy with the nuclear power subsystem. At this time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are respectively 50% of their maximum energy storage.

[0044] Fourth, when the load switches from the standard operating condition to the low load condition, that is, from 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor to 50% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, the control strategy of the control unit is: Control the supercapacitor energy storage unit to absorb electrical energy to meet the demand of instantaneous low load. Synchronously control the molten salt energy storage unit to absorb thermal energy to reduce the steam parameters and the output power of the steam turbine to quickly track the low load; When the duration of the low load condition exceeds a preset threshold, negative reactivity is introduced into the nuclear reactor through control rods to reduce the output power of the nuclear reactor. At the same time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are controlled to gradually reduce the speed of absorbing energy, so that the power drop value caused by the introduction of negative reactivity and the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit together reach 50% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, so as to match the power of the nuclear reactor with the load; When the power of the nuclear reactor is matched with the load, neither the supercapacitor energy storage unit nor the molten salt energy storage unit exchanges energy with the nuclear power subsystem. At this time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are respectively 70% of their maximum energy storage.

[0045] Fifth, when the load switches from the low load condition to the standard operating condition, that is, from 50% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor to 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, the control strategy of the control unit is: When the duration of the standard load condition exceeds a preset threshold, positive reactivity is introduced into the nuclear reactor through control rods. At the same time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are controlled to gradually reduce the speed of releasing energy, so that the power increase caused by the introduction of positive reactivity and the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit together reach 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, so as to match the power of the nuclear reactor with the load; When the power of the nuclear reactor is matched with the load, neither the supercapacitor energy storage unit nor the molten salt energy storage unit exchanges energy with the nuclear power subsystem. At this time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are respectively 50% of their maximum energy storage.

[0046] The charge and discharge coordination between the molten salt energy storage unit and the supercapacitor energy storage unit in the energy storage subsystem. The molten salt energy storage provides basic load support, and the supercapacitor processes instantaneous power shocks, jointly realizing the functions of rapid load tracking and dynamic frequency modulation and peak shaving, significantly enhancing the flexibility and reliability of the small nuclear power system in coping with sudden working conditions.

[0047] Embodiment 3 In another embodiment of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided as a storage component within a terminal device, and its function is to store programs and data. It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium here not only covers the built-in storage components of the terminal device but also includes the extended storage components supported by the device. Its essence is a tangible medium that can contain or store programs, and these programs can be called by an instruction execution system, device, or component, or operate in cooperation with them. This storage medium provides a storage area for the operating system of the terminal and stores one or more instructions suitable for the processor to load and run, and these instructions can constitute one or more computer programs containing program code.

[0048] Specifically, examples (non-exclusive list) of computer-readable storage media include: electrical connections with one or more wires, portable disks, hard disks, random access memories, read-only memories, erasable programmable read-only memories, optical fibers, portable compact disc read-only memories, optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any reasonable combination of the above types.

[0049] The storage medium may also include data signals propagated as part of a baseband portion or a carrier wave, which carry readable program code. Such propagated data signals can take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any reasonable combination of the two. In addition, the computer-readable storage medium may also refer to other readable media other than traditional readable storage media, and such media can send, propagate, or transmit programs for use or cooperation with an instruction execution system, device, or component. The program code on the storage medium can be transmitted through any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wired, optical cable, etc. transmission methods, or any reasonable combination thereof.

[0050] The program code for implementing the operations of the present invention can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including both object-oriented programming languages such as Java and C++, and conventional procedural programming languages such as the "C" language. The execution modes of the program code include: running entirely on the user's computing device, running partially on the user's device and being an independent software package, running distributively on both the user's device and a remote computing device, or running entirely on a remote computing device or server. When it comes to a remote computing device, the device can be connected to the user's computing device through any type of network such as a local area network or a wide area network, or connected to an external computing device through an Internet service provider via the Internet.

[0051] The processor is capable of loading and running one or more instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium to implement the corresponding steps of the control method of the energy storage-based nuclear power system described in Embodiment 1.

[0052] Embodiment 4 Referring to Figure 3 , another embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal device, specifically a computer device 60. This computer device 60 mainly consists of three parts, namely a processor 61, a memory 62, and a computer program 63 stored in the memory 62 and capable of running on the processor 61. Among them, the responsibility of the processor 61 is to execute the computer program to implement the control method of the energy storage-based nuclear power system described in Embodiment 1. The memory 62 is used to store the computer program and other programs and data required during the operation of the device. When the computer program 63 runs on the processor 61, it can implement the control method of the energy storage-based nuclear power system. To avoid repetition of content, relevant details will not be elaborated here.

[0053] The computer device 60 has various different forms. It can be a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a handheld computer, or a computing device such as a cloud server.

[0054] The processor 60 can be a central processing unit or other types of general-purpose processors, central processors, graphics processors, digital signal processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field-programmable gate arrays, or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor mentioned here refers to a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0055] The memory 62 can be either an internal storage unit of the computer device 60, such as the hard disk or memory of the computer device 60, or an external storage device of the computer device 60, such as a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) card, a Flash Card, etc. equipped with the computer device 60. The function of the memory 62 is not only to store the computer program but also to store other programs and data required for the operation of the device, and at the same time, it will temporarily store the data that has been output or is about to be output.

[0056] In each of the embodiments provided by the present invention, the reference to a memory, a database, or other media will cover at least one of non-volatile memory and volatile memory. There are many types of non-volatile memory, including read-only memory, magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory, magnetic random access memory, ferroelectric memory, phase change memory, graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. It should be noted that RAM has various forms, such as static random access memory or dynamic random access memory, etc.

Claims

1. A nuclear power system based on energy storage, characterized in that It includes a nuclear power subsystem, an energy storage subsystem, and a control unit; The nuclear power subsystem includes a nuclear reactor, a steam generator, a pump, and a steam turbine connected in sequence, and is used to drive the steam turbine to generate electricity through the heat energy generated by the nuclear reactor. The electricity generated by the steam turbine is used to be sent to the load; The energy storage subsystem includes a molten salt energy storage unit and a supercapacitor energy storage unit; the molten salt energy storage unit is thermally coupled to the steam circuit between the steam generator and the steam turbine, and is used to absorb or release heat energy to adjust the steam parameters; the supercapacitor energy storage unit is electrically connected to the power output end of the steam turbine and is used to store or release electrical energy; The control unit is used to dynamically adjust the energy interaction between the nuclear power subsystem and the energy storage subsystem according to the load demand, realize load tracking, and is used to control the power of the nuclear reactor.

2. The nuclear power system based on energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the load is operating under standard conditions, the load power in the standard conditions is 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, and the supercapacitor energy storage unit is at 50% of its maximum energy storage capacity, which is used to cope with load regulation; The molten salt energy storage unit is at 50% of its maximum energy storage capacity, which is used to cope with load regulation; Under standard conditions, neither the supercapacitor energy storage unit nor the molten salt energy storage unit exchanges energy with the nuclear power subsystem, and the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load.

3. The nuclear power system based on energy storage according to claim 2, wherein, When the load switches from the standard condition to the high load condition, that is, when the load power switches from 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor to 90% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, the control strategy of the corresponding control unit is: Control the supercapacitor energy storage unit to release electrical energy to respond to the instantaneous high load demand, and synchronously control the molten salt energy storage unit to release energy to increase the steam parameters and increase the power output of the steam turbine to quickly track the high load; When the duration of the high load condition exceeds the preset threshold, introduce positive reactivity into the nuclear reactor through the control rod, and control the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit to gradually reduce the speed of releasing energy, so that the power increase caused by introducing positive reactivity and the cooperation of the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit reach 90% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, so that the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load; When the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load, neither the supercapacitor energy storage unit nor the molten salt energy storage unit exchanges energy with the nuclear power subsystem. At this time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are respectively at 30% of their maximum energy storage capacities.

4. The nuclear power system based on energy storage according to claim 2, wherein, When the load switches from the high load condition to the standard condition, that is, when it switches from 90% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor to 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, the control strategy of the control unit is: Control the supercapacitor energy storage unit to absorb the excess electrical energy to respond to the instantaneous standard load demand, and synchronously control the molten salt energy storage unit to absorb the heat energy in the steam circuit, reduce the steam parameters to reduce the power output of the steam turbine, so as to quickly track the standard load; When the duration of the standard operating condition load exceeds a preset threshold, negative reactivity is introduced into the nuclear reactor through control rods to reduce the output power of the nuclear reactor. At the same time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are controlled to gradually reduce the speed of absorbing energy, so that the power drop caused by the introduction of negative reactivity and the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit together reach 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, so that the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load; When the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load, neither the supercapacitor energy storage unit nor the molten salt energy storage unit exchanges energy with the nuclear power subsystem. At this time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are respectively 50% of their maximum energy storage.

5. The nuclear power system based on energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the load switches from the standard operating condition to the low load condition, that is, from 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor to 50% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, the control strategy of the control unit is: Control the supercapacitor energy storage unit to absorb electrical energy to respond to the instantaneous low load demand, and synchronously control the molten salt energy storage unit to absorb thermal energy to reduce the steam parameters and the output power of the steam turbine to quickly track the low load; When the duration of the low load condition exceeds a preset threshold, negative reactivity is introduced into the nuclear reactor through control rods to reduce the output power of the nuclear reactor. At the same time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are controlled to gradually reduce the speed of absorbing energy, so that the power drop value caused by the introduction of negative reactivity and the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit together reach 50% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, so that the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load; When the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load, neither the supercapacitor energy storage unit nor the molten salt energy storage unit exchanges energy with the nuclear power subsystem. At this time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are respectively 70% of their maximum energy storage.

6. The nuclear power system based on energy storage according to claim 1, wherein When the load switches from the low load condition to the standard operating condition, that is, from 50% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor to 70% of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor, the control strategy of the control unit is: Control the supercapacitor energy storage unit to release electrical energy to respond to the instantaneous standard load demand, and synchronously control the molten salt energy storage unit to release thermal energy to increase the steam parameters to quickly track the standard load; When the duration of the standard load condition exceeds a preset threshold, positive reactivity is introduced into the nuclear reactor through control rods. At the same time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are controlled to gradually reduce the speed of releasing energy, so that the power increase caused by the introduction of positive reactivity and the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit together reach 70% of the maximum nuclear reactor thermal power, so that the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load; When the power of the nuclear reactor matches the load, neither the supercapacitor energy storage unit nor the molten salt energy storage unit exchanges energy with the nuclear power subsystem. At this time, the supercapacitor energy storage unit and the molten salt energy storage unit are respectively 50% of their maximum energy storage.

7. A control method for a nuclear power system based on energy storage, implemented based on the control system of the nuclear power system based on energy storage according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Including: Detect the difference between the current load demand and the actual output power of the nuclear reactor; If the difference is a transient fluctuation, the power gap is compensated by charging and discharging the supercapacitor energy storage unit; If the difference continuously exceeds the set time threshold, the molten salt energy storage unit is adjusted, and then positive reactivity or negative reactivity is introduced to the control rod, so that the nuclear reactor power matches the load.

8. The control method of the nuclear power system based on energy storage according to claim 7, wherein During the control process of the supercapacitor energy storage unit, the threshold range of the change in the stored energy is 30% - 70%.

9. The control method of the energy storage-based nuclear power system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The adjustment range of the maximum thermal power of the nuclear reactor in the molten salt energy storage unit is 30% - 70%.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, characterized in that, The one or more programs include instructions that, when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform the control method of the energy storage-based nuclear power system according to any one of claims 7 to 9.

Images