Material distribution structure of lime kiln or other roasting kilns and material distribution method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a material distribution structure of a lime kiln or other roasting kilns and a material distribution method of the material distribution structure, and relates to the technical field of material distributors. Spiral multi-ring material distribution is achieved through the variable-speed spiral material distributor, material distribution in the kiln is more uniform, and compared with a previous rotary chute dip angle adjusting structure, the variable-speed spiral material distributor is simpler in structure and low in manufacturing cost and maintenance difficulty; compared with an idle spiral distributor, the distributor can uninterruptedly distribute materials in real time, the efficiency is obviously improved, and the distributor is suitable for the material distribution requirements of large-yield and large-diameter kilns; the upper portion and the lower portion of the multi-pipe distributing device are filled with normal-temperature materials, the multi-pipe distributing device has a material sealing function, trace normal-temperature air moves downwards, it is guaranteed that the height of the material level in the furnace is constant, meanwhile, the area corresponding to the height of the multi-pipe distributing device is a stable free space and is in a micro-negative-pressure state, stable distribution of airflow in the furnace is facilitated, and the energy consumption is reduced. Meanwhile, the multi-pipe distributing device is protected from being damaged by high temperature, the equipment structure is simplified, debugging, maintenance and replacement are convenient, and reliability and safety are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of distributors, and in particular to a distribution structure and a distribution method for a lime kiln or other roasting kilns. Background Art

[0002] Most of the existing blast furnace or shaft kiln charging methods adopt rotary charging, and there are many types of rotary charging: (1) By rotating the chute and adjusting the chute angle to change the charging radius, concentric circle charging or multi-ring charging is achieved, such as the Chinese patents CN1058031448A and CN210558096U, which have complex structures, high equipment manufacturing costs, and are difficult to maintain; (2) Idle spiral charging device: rotation and feeding are performed alternately, with low work efficiency and poor charging uniformity, which is not suitable for large furnace bodies; (3) Fixed speed rotary charging device, which is easy to form local accumulation in the furnace, while other positions are blank, resulting in uneven charging in the furnace; (4) Patent No. CN114959154A weakens the ratio of accumulation and blank by changing the charging position of each batch of materials, but its control level is complex and the calculation and implementation are difficult; (5) Traditional double-bell charging is better in small kilns, but worse in large kilns.

[0003] More importantly, the above-mentioned distributors all distribute materials directly into the furnace, causing the rotating chute to be directly exposed to the space inside the furnace, and the transmission system is also close to the furnace. The material line in the furnace always fluctuates up and down, and is easily burned under special furnace conditions. Debugging, maintenance and replacement are time-consuming and labor-intensive, highly dangerous, and have poor sealing. When the furnace body induced draft fan adjusts the furnace throat space to a negative pressure, the air leakage during the distribution process increases dramatically, causing large fluctuations in the total exhaust gas volume of the furnace body, which is not conducive to the recovery of CO2. When the furnace body induced draft fan adjusts the furnace throat space to a positive pressure, the environmental protection of the furnace top is deteriorated.

[0004] In summary, existing distributors have problems such as uneven distribution or poor industrial feasibility, which affects subsequent furnace production operations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a lime kiln distribution structure and a distribution method thereof, which adopts a variable-speed spiral distributor to replace the chute angle adjustment function to realize the spiral multi-ring disc-shaped primary distribution similar to mosquito coils, and then cooperates with a multi-tube distributor to carry out secondary distribution, making the distribution more uniform and reasonable. At the same time, it simplifies the equipment structure, facilitates debugging, maintenance and replacement, and improves reliability and safety.

[0006] To achieve this technical purpose, the present invention adopts the following scheme: In the first aspect, the present invention provides a distribution structure for a lime kiln or other roasting kiln, including a furnace top receiving funnel, a variable speed spiral distributor, a furnace top silo, and a multi-tube distributor. The four are arranged in series from top to bottom at the central axis of the furnace top, and the distribution effect of a large lime kiln is improved by distributing the material twice. The furnace top receiving funnel is fixed above the variable speed spiral distributor, and the main chamber of the furnace top silo is located below the variable speed spiral distributor. The bottom of the furnace top silo is equipped with an air-cooled bottom plate, and a multi-tube distributor is hung on the air-cooled bottom plate. The multi-tube distributor connects the furnace top silo with the furnace body.

[0007] Furthermore, the variable speed spiral distributor includes a central throat pipe, a distribution chute and a connector; the lower end of the furnace top receiving funnel is connected to the central throat pipe, and the distribution chute is connected to the lower end of the central throat pipe through the connector.

[0008] By continuously increasing the rotational speed, the horizontal component of the initial velocity of the raw material leaving the end of the distribution chute is continuously increased, forming a multi-ring distribution effect, distributing the material to the furnace top silo, and completing one distribution; the variable speed spiral distributor is above the material surface of the furnace top silo, in a state of normal temperature and pressure air, and is equipped with an environmentally friendly exhaust duct, which reduces the sealing requirements of the variable speed spiral distributor and allows the operating parameters to be optimized and adjusted under convenient conditions of direct observation with the naked eye.

[0009] Furthermore, the variable speed spiral distributor also includes screen bars, which are installed on the rear part of the bottom plate of the distribution chute, and the shape of the screen gap is narrow in the front and wide in the back, and narrow at the top and wide at the bottom.

[0010] The material with smaller particle size is distributed just below the distribution throat and at a fixed point slightly inside the middle of the furnace throat radius, and the burner is arranged at this point to force heating.

[0011] Furthermore, the multi-tube distributor is an assembly of multiple distribution throats, which are hoisted on the air-cooled bottom plate of the furnace top silo. The length of the distribution throats gradually shortens from the center of the furnace throat to the edge according to the material line stacking angle.

[0012] By adjusting the insertion depth of the distribution throat, optimizing the ratio of the central airflow to the edge airflow, and utilizing the funnel effect, a small portion of materials with a higher powder content are arranged into the preset position in the furnace corresponding to each distribution throat point, and burners are arranged here to force heating. The particle size of most of the furnace materials in other parts is more uniform, which improves the overall permeability, saves airflow pressure loss, and improves the temperature distribution in the furnace.

[0013] Furthermore, the cross-section of the distribution pipe can be horseshoe-shaped, trapezoidal, elliptical, or rectangular, ensuring smoother airflow out of the furnace. The material in the distribution pipe is at room temperature, creating a seal and allowing a small amount of room-temperature air to flow downward, protecting the distribution pipe from oxidation. This ensures the variable-speed spiral distributor is always operating at a constant temperature and pressure, improving the environmental performance of the furnace roof. As long as the top silo is not significantly depleted, the TGS lime kiln automatically replenishes the furnace during discharge, completing secondary distribution. This ensures a constant top silo level (at the furnace throat), with only the top silo level fluctuating within a set range.

[0014] Furthermore, a silo frame for supporting the silo is provided in the furnace top silo to increase the storage capacity of the furnace top silo; a furnace top support frame for supporting the furnace top material receiving funnel is provided on the upper part of the furnace top silo.

[0015] Furthermore, there is a cooling interlayer for flowing protective air between the air-cooled bottom plate and the furnace top, and a furnace top protective air outlet and a furnace top protective air inlet are respectively provided at both ends of the cooling interlayer; Or an air cooling channel is provided on the air cooling bottom plate to reduce the temperature of the furnace top and / or the furnace top silo bottom plate, prevent the furnace top and / or the furnace top silo bottom plate from being burned and oxidized, and enhance the bearing capacity of the furnace top silo bottom plate.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for distributing a material distribution structure of a lime kiln or other roasting kiln, comprising the following steps: S1. Before the raw materials reach the furnace top, start the variable speed spiral distributor and rotate it at a constant speed at a preset initial speed; S2. When the raw materials are introduced into the furnace top receiving funnel, the variable speed spiral distributor immediately begins to rotate at a preset acceleration, distributing the raw materials into the furnace top hopper. Due to the continuous increase in the initial velocity of the raw materials leaving the end of the distribution chute, a spiral distribution track similar to mosquito coils is formed on the material surface in the furnace top hopper, achieving a more uniform multi-ring distribution effect. After completing one distribution process, the rotation stops; S3, the multi-tube distributor performs a secondary distribution of materials into the furnace, further optimizing the distribution effect. By adjusting the insertion depth of the distribution throat, the ratio of the central airflow to the edge airflow is optimized and adjusted. When the lower end of the furnace is discharging materials, the materials in the furnace top hopper are automatically replenished into the furnace through the multi-tube distributor, ensuring that the furnace top material level is always constant, playing a role in stabilizing the roasting airflow in the furnace. By utilizing the funnel effect, a small amount of materials with a high powder content are distributed into the preset positions in the furnace corresponding to each distribution throat point, and burners are arranged at this location for forced heating. The particle size of the materials in other parts of the furnace is more uniform, which improves the overall air permeability, reduces the airflow pressure loss, and improves the temperature distribution in the furnace. S4. The intelligent software continuously performs self-learning optimization and adjustment of the material distribution parameters based on the operation results of the lime kiln in combination with sampling and visual observation.

[0017] Furthermore, the height area of the multi-tube distributor is a stable free space, which is conducive to the uniform distribution and stability of the furnace exhaust gas, and the furnace draft fan is controlled to a slightly negative pressure state and the material sealing function of the multi-tube distributor is used to place the variable speed spiral distributor in an environment of normal temperature and normal pressure air, thereby improving the working conditions of the variable speed spiral distributor, reducing sealing requirements, increasing service life, and making debugging, maintenance and replacement safe and convenient, while improving the environmental protection status of the furnace top.

[0018] Furthermore, the screen bars installed at the rear of the bottom plate of the distribution chute distribute the materials with smaller particle size just below the distribution throat, and the burners are arranged at a fixed point in the middle of the furnace throat radius for forced heating.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The invention uses a variable-speed spiral distributor to achieve spiral multi-ring distribution, making the distribution in the kiln more uniform. Compared with the previous rotary chute angle adjustment structure, it is simpler, with lower production cost and maintenance difficulty. Compared with the idle spiral distributor, it can distribute materials in real time and uninterruptedly, with significantly improved efficiency, and is suitable for the distribution requirements of large-capacity and large-diameter kilns. The upper and lower parts of the multi-tube distributor are filled with room temperature materials, which has a material sealing function, and a small amount of room temperature air moves downward to ensure that the material level in the furnace is constant. At the same time, the area corresponding to the height of the multi-tube distributor is a stable free space and is in a slightly negative pressure state, which is conducive to the stable distribution of airflow in the furnace and protects the multi-tube distributor from damage by high temperature. At the same time, it simplifies the equipment structure, facilitates debugging, maintenance and replacement, and improves reliability and safety. When the variable speed spiral feeder is feeding, it starts with uniform movement, then accelerates to feed once, and then decelerates to complete one feeding. Under the premise of ensuring that the top hopper of the furnace is not short of material, the multi-tube feeder performs a second feeding to make the material distribution in the kiln more uniform.

[0020] After adopting the above improvements, the production efficiency of the center-burner TGS lime kiln has been greatly improved when using blast furnace gas throughout: the TGS650 lime kiln uses an average of 20.23% of 0-40mm limestone in the furnace, while the average proportion of 0-40mm in the discharged lime increases to 55.47%. Under the conditions of such high powder content in the furnace and such severe bursting raw materials, the average daily output of TGS650 can still reach more than the designed output of 650t / d, and the product activity is 320-407 ml. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the installation of a variable speed spiral distributor and a single-ring multi-tube distributor provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2A 1 / 4 unit view of the AA surface of the variable-speed spiral distributor and the single-ring multi-tube distributor provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Since the AA surface view is a cross-symmetrical structure about the center of the circle, a 1 / 4 unit structure view is selected to more clearly show the structural details; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the installation of a variable speed spiral distributor and a multi-ring multi-tube distributor provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A 1 / 4 unit view of the BB surface of the variable-speed spiral distributor and the multi-ring multi-tube distributor provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Since the BB surface view is a cross-symmetrical structure about the center of the circle, a 1 / 4 unit structure view is selected to more clearly show the structural details; Figure 5 An enlarged schematic diagram of a variable speed spiral distributor provided by an embodiment of the present invention; The markings in the figure are: 1. Furnace top receiving funnel; 2. Furnace top support frame; 3. Variable speed spiral distributor; 301. Center throat; 302. Frequency conversion motor; 303. Variable speed and slewing support system device; 304. Sealing strip; 305. Distribution chute; 306. Ear shaft; 307. Connecting chain; 308. Screen bar; 4. Furnace top silo; 5. Silo frame; 6. Air-cooled bottom plate; 7. Furnace top protective air inlet; 8. Furnace top protective air outlet; 11. Furnace top exhaust gas outlet; 12. Multi-tube distributor; 1201. Distribution throat; 13. Furnace top material surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail through the following specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0023] The present invention provides a distribution structure and distribution method for a lime kiln or other roasting kilns (drying shaft kiln, magnetized roasting kiln, refractory material or clinker roasting kiln, magnesite roasting kiln, etc.) in which a variable speed spiral distributor is coordinated with a multi-tube distributor.

[0024] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the distribution structure of the lime kiln or other roasting kiln includes a furnace top silo 4, a furnace top receiving funnel 1, a variable speed spiral distributor 3 and a multi-tube distributor 12. A silo frame 5 for supporting the silo shell is provided in the furnace top silo 4. A furnace top support frame 2 for supporting the furnace top receiving funnel 1 is provided on the upper part of the furnace top silo 4. The furnace top support frame 2 supports the furnace top receiving funnel 1 above the variable speed spiral distributor 3. The lower part of the variable speed spiral distributor 3 is the main chamber of the furnace top silo 4. An air-cooled base plate 6 is installed at the bottom of the furnace top silo 4, and a multi-tube distributor 12 is hung on the air-cooled base plate 6. The multi-tube distributor 12 connects the furnace top silo 4 with the furnace body. The furnace top receiving funnel 1, the variable speed spiral distributor 3, the furnace top silo 4 and the multi-tube distributor 12 are arranged in series from top to bottom at the central axis of the furnace top. The distribution effect of the large lime kiln is improved by the variable speed spiral distributor 3 (the first distribution in the furnace top silo 4) and the multi-tube distributor 12 (the second distribution at the top of the furnace body).

[0025] like Figure 5 As shown, the variable-speed spiral distributor 3 comprises a central throat pipe 301, a variable-frequency motor 302, a variable-speed and slewing support system 303, a distribution chute 305, and connectors. The lower end of the furnace top receiving funnel 1 is connected to the upper end of the central throat pipe 301, and the lower end of the central throat pipe 301 is connected to the distribution chute 305 via connectors. The variable-speed spiral distributor 3 performs a primary distribution within the furnace top silo 4. By continuously increasing the rotation speed of the distribution chute 305, the horizontal component of the initial velocity of the material leaving the end of the distribution chute 305 continuously increases, creating a disc-shaped, multi-ring distribution effect similar to mosquito coils. The variable-frequency motor 302 and the variable-speed and slewing support system 303 require increased power compared to existing technologies.

[0026] Preferably, the connector is composed of an ear shaft 306 and a connecting chain 307. The ear shaft 306 is fixed to the outer wall of the central throat pipe 301. The ear shaft 306 suspends one end of the distribution chute 305. One end of the connecting chain 307 is hinged to the other side of the outer wall of the central throat pipe 301, and the other end of the connecting chain 307 is hinged to the middle or lower part of the distribution chute 305. Preferably, when the raw material particle size distribution range is too wide and polarization is severe, a screen bar 308 is installed at the rear of the bottom plate of the distribution chute 305 to screen the raw materials, distributing the smaller-sized materials directly below the distribution throat pipe 1201 and at a fixed point slightly inside the middle of the furnace throat radius. Preferably, the relative motion interfaces between the central throat pipe 301 and the top plates of the furnace top receiving funnel 1 and the furnace top silo 4 are all equipped with sealing strips 304 to ensure the sealing of the furnace top silo 4.

[0027] The multi-tube distributor 12 is an assembly of multiple distribution pipes 1201, each hoisted and fixed to the air-cooled base plate 6 of the furnace's top hopper 4. The length of these pipes 1201 gradually decreases from the center of the furnace throat toward the edges, in accordance with the material line angle. By adjusting the insertion depth of the distribution pipes 1201 and optimizing the ratio of central and peripheral airflow, this funnel effect allows a small portion of material with a high powder content to be distributed to a predetermined location within the furnace, corresponding to each distribution pipe 1201. Burners are then placed there to provide forced heating, while charge in other locations achieves a more uniform particle size. This improves overall air permeability, reduces airflow pressure loss, and improves temperature distribution within the furnace.

[0028] The multi-tube distributor 12 provides secondary distribution of charge into the furnace, further optimizing distribution efficiency and ensuring a constant top charge level 13 (at the furnace throat), facilitating stable airflow distribution within the furnace. Air above the charge level in the top silo 4 is maintained at ambient temperature and pressure, and is equipped with an external, environmentally friendly exhaust duct. This improves the operating conditions of the variable-speed spiral distributor 3, reduces sealing requirements, increases service life, and makes commissioning, maintenance, and replacement safe and convenient, while also improving the environmental performance of the furnace top. As long as the top silo 4 does not experience significant charge shortfalls, the TGS lime kiln automatically replenishes the charge level 13 (at the furnace throat) during discharge, completing secondary distribution and ensuring a constant top charge level 13 (at the furnace throat). Only the charge level within the top silo 4 fluctuates within a set range.

[0029] Preferably, the distribution form of the material distribution throat 1201 on the air-cooled bottom plate 6 is a single ring (such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown), two or more rings (such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the figure, a two-ring multi-tube distributor is used), a quadrilateral grid or a triangular grid, etc., as long as the rationality of the airflow distribution and the constant furnace top material surface 13 are guaranteed.

[0030] Preferably, the cross-section of the distribution pipe 1201 is horseshoe-shaped, trapezoidal, elliptical, or rectangular, allowing for smoother outflow of air from the furnace. The material within the distribution pipe 1201 is at room temperature, providing a material seal. A small amount of room-temperature air flows downward, protecting the distribution pipe 1201 from oxidation. This ensures that the variable-speed spiral distributor 3 is maintained at a normal temperature and pressure, improving the environmental performance of the furnace roof.

[0031] A cooling interlayer for flowing protective air is provided between the air-cooled bottom plate 6 and the furnace top, with a furnace top protective air outlet 8 and a furnace top protective air inlet 7 at each end of the cooling interlayer. Alternatively, an air cooling channel is provided on the air-cooled bottom plate 6. The provision of the cooling interlayer or air cooling channel reduces the temperature of the furnace top and / or the bottom plate of the furnace top silo 4, prevents the furnace top and / or the bottom plate of the furnace top silo 4 from burning and oxidation, and enhances the load-bearing capacity of the bottom plate of the furnace top silo 4.

[0032] The method for distributing the above-mentioned fabric structure comprises the following steps: S1. Before the raw materials are transported to the furnace top, the variable speed spiral distributor 3 is started to rotate at a constant speed at a preset initial speed.

[0033] S2. When the raw materials are introduced into the furnace top receiving funnel 1, the variable speed spiral distributor 3 immediately starts to rotate at a preset acceleration to distribute the raw materials into the furnace top hopper 4. Due to the continuous increase in the initial velocity of the raw materials leaving the end of the distribution chute 305, a spiral disc-shaped distribution track similar to a mosquito coil is formed on the material surface in the furnace top hopper 4, achieving a more uniform multi-ring distribution effect. After completing one distribution process, the variable speed spiral distributor 3 stops rotating.

[0034] When the raw material particle size distribution area is too wide and polarization is serious, the screen bars 308 installed at the rear of the bottom plate of the distribution chute 305 will distribute the material with smaller particle size directly below the distribution throat 1201, and at a fixed point in the middle of the furnace throat radius, the burner is arranged at this point for forced heating.

[0035] S3. The multi-tube distributor 12 distributes the material into the furnace for the second time to further optimize the distribution effect. By adjusting the insertion depth of the distribution throat 1201, the ratio of the central airflow to the edge airflow is optimized and adjusted. When the lower end of the furnace body is discharging material, the raw materials in the furnace top hopper 4 are automatically replenished into the furnace through the multi-tube distributor 12 to ensure that the furnace top material surface 13 is always constant, which plays a role in stabilizing the roasting airflow in the furnace. By utilizing the funnel effect, a small amount of material with a larger powder content is distributed into the preset position in the furnace corresponding to each distribution throat 1201, and a burner is arranged here to force heat supply, while the particle size of the material in other parts is more uniform, which improves the overall air permeability, saves airflow pressure loss, and improves the temperature distribution in the furnace.

[0036] Preferably, the height area of the multi-tube distributor 12 is a stable free space, and a plurality of furnace top exhaust gas outlets 11 are provided on the furnace wall corresponding to this height, which is conducive to the uniform distribution and smooth discharge of the furnace exhaust gas. The furnace draft fan is controlled to a slightly negative pressure state and the material sealing function of the multi-tube distributor 12 is used to place the variable speed spiral distributor 3 in an environment of normal temperature and normal pressure air, thereby improving the working conditions of the variable speed spiral distributor 3, reducing the sealing requirements, increasing the service life, and making debugging, maintenance and replacement safe and convenient, while improving the environmental protection status of the furnace top.

[0037] S4. The intelligent software continuously performs self-learning optimization and adjustment of the material distribution parameters based on the operation results of the lime kiln in combination with sampling and visual observation.

[0038] Finally, it should be noted that the above-listed embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. Of course, those skilled in the art may make changes and modifications to the present invention. If these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, they should be considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A distribution structure for a lime kiln or other roasting kiln, characterized in that: It includes the furnace top receiving funnel, variable speed spiral distributor, furnace top silo and multi-tube distributor. The four are arranged in series from top to bottom at the center axis of the furnace top. The distribution effect of the lime kiln is improved by distributing the materials twice. The furnace top receiving funnel is fixed above the variable speed spiral distributor. Below the variable speed spiral distributor is the main chamber of the furnace top silo. The bottom of the furnace top silo is equipped with an air-cooled bottom plate, on which a multi-tube distributor is hung. The multi-tube distributor connects the furnace top silo with the furnace body.

2. The distribution structure of the lime kiln or other roasting kiln according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variable speed spiral distributor includes a central throat pipe, a distribution chute and a connector; the lower end of the furnace top receiving funnel is connected to the central throat pipe, and the distribution chute is connected to the lower end of the central throat pipe through the connector.

3. The distribution structure of the lime kiln or other roasting kiln according to claim 2, characterized in that: The variable speed spiral distributor also includes screen bars, which are installed at the rear of the bottom plate of the distribution chute. The shape of the screen slots is narrow in front and wide in the back, and narrow at the top and wide at the bottom.

4. The distribution structure of the lime kiln or other roasting kiln according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-tube distributor is an assembly of two or more distribution throats. The distribution throats are hoisted on the air-cooled bottom plate of the furnace top silo. The length of the distribution throats gradually shortens from the center of the furnace throat to the edge according to the material line stacking angle.

5. The material distribution structure of a lime kiln or other roasting kiln according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cross-section of the distribution throat is a horseshoe-shaped, trapezoidal, elliptical or rectangular structure, which makes the airflow in the furnace overflow more smoothly; the material in the distribution throat is at room temperature, which has a material sealing effect, and a small amount of room temperature air moves downward to protect the distribution throat from oxidation.

6. The distribution structure of the lime kiln or other roasting kiln according to claim 1, characterized in that: A silo frame for supporting the silo is provided in the furnace top silo to increase the storage capacity of the furnace top silo; a furnace top support frame for supporting the furnace top material receiving funnel is provided on the upper part of the furnace top silo.

7. The distribution structure of the lime kiln or other roasting kiln according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is a cooling interlayer for flowing protective air between the air-cooled bottom plate and the furnace top, and the two ends of the cooling interlayer are respectively provided with a furnace top protective air outlet and a furnace top protective air inlet; Or an air cooling channel is provided on the air cooling bottom plate to reduce the temperature of the furnace top and / or the furnace top silo bottom plate, prevent the furnace top and / or the furnace top silo bottom plate from being burned and oxidized, and enhance the bearing capacity of the furnace top silo bottom plate.

8. A method for distributing a material distribution structure of a lime kiln or other roasting kiln according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Before the raw materials reach the furnace top, start the variable speed spiral distributor and rotate it at a constant speed at a preset initial speed; S2. When the raw materials are introduced into the furnace top receiving funnel, the variable speed spiral distributor immediately begins to rotate at a preset acceleration, distributing the raw materials into the furnace top hopper. Due to the continuous increase in the initial velocity of the raw materials leaving the end of the distribution chute, a spiral distribution track similar to mosquito coils is formed on the material surface in the furnace top hopper, achieving a more uniform multi-ring distribution effect. After completing one distribution process, the rotation stops; S3, the multi-tube distributor performs a secondary distribution of materials into the furnace, further optimizing the distribution effect. By adjusting the insertion depth of the distribution throat, the ratio of the central airflow to the edge airflow is optimized and adjusted. When the lower end of the furnace is discharging materials, the materials in the furnace top hopper are automatically replenished into the furnace through the multi-tube distributor, ensuring that the furnace top material level is always constant, playing a role in stabilizing the roasting airflow in the furnace. By utilizing the funnel effect, a small amount of materials with a high powder content are distributed into the preset positions in the furnace corresponding to each distribution throat point, and burners are arranged at this location for forced heating. The particle size of the materials in other parts of the furnace is more uniform, which improves the overall air permeability, reduces the airflow pressure loss, and improves the temperature distribution in the furnace. S4. The intelligent software continuously performs self-learning optimization and adjustment of the material distribution parameters based on the operation results of the lime kiln in combination with sampling and visual observation.

9. The material distributing method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The height area of the multi-tube distributor is a stable free space, which is beneficial to the uniform distribution and stability of the furnace exhaust gas. The furnace induced draft fan is controlled to a slightly negative pressure state and the material sealing function of the multi-tube distributor is used to put the variable speed spiral distributor in an environment of normal temperature and normal pressure air, thereby improving the working conditions of the variable speed spiral distributor, reducing the sealing requirements, increasing the service life, and making debugging, maintenance and replacement safe and convenient, while improving the environmental protection status of the furnace top.

10. The material distributing method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The screen bars installed at the rear of the bottom plate of the distribution chute distribute the materials with smaller particle size just below the distribution throat, and the burner is arranged at a fixed point in the middle of the furnace throat radius for forced heating.

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