Device and method for enhancing carbon dioxide absorption process by streamer discharge method

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for enhancing a carbon dioxide absorption process by a streamer discharge method. The device comprises an insulating tower body, and an air inducing unit, a streamer discharge unit, a liquid accumulation disc, a magnetic field generator, an absorption section filler, an ultrasonic oscillation module, a spray head and a demisting unit which are sequentially arranged in the insulating tower body from bottom to top, the liquid accumulation disc is connected with the spray head through a pipeline with a pump, and liquid in the liquid accumulation disc is conveyed to the spray head. According to the invention, carbon dioxide in gas can be ionized and oxidized, the activity is enhanced, the absorption rate of the absorption liquid to the carbon dioxide is increased, and the escape quantity of the absorbent is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of carbon dioxide absorption, and in particular relates to a device and method for enhancing the carbon dioxide absorption process by a streamer discharge method. Background Art

[0002] Among greenhouse gases, CO2 has the greatest impact, accounting for about 60% of the contribution of all greenhouse gases. CO2 capture, utilization and storage technology (CCUS), as the current mainstream technical route, is the most effective and economically feasible way to achieve CO2 emission reduction. Among them, post-combustion capture does not require the modification of existing thermal power plants and is a current research hotspot. Chemical absorption method has the most mature process and the greatest application potential in post-combustion capture.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent document CN116510469A discloses a carbon dioxide capture tower, which includes a pre-wash and impurity removal section, a carbon dioxide absorption section, and a flue gas scrubbing section arranged vertically from bottom to top, so that the flue gas can flow through the pre-wash and impurity removal section, the carbon dioxide absorption section, and the flue gas scrubbing section in sequence. A carbon dioxide capture tower flue gas inlet is provided on the pre-wash and impurity removal section, and a carbon dioxide capture tower flue gas outlet is provided on the scrubbing section.

[0004] Chinese patent document publication number CN118001903A discloses a carbon dioxide absorption tower and a carbon dioxide capture device. The absorption tower includes a tower body, a rich amine liquid discharge outlet is opened at the bottom of the tower body, and a packing layer is arranged above the rich amine liquid discharge outlet; a liquid diversion assembly is arranged above the flue gas inlet, including a guide plate, a liquid guide groove, a central tube, a tray and a drainage pipe arranged in sequence, a support tube is arranged below the guide plate, the central tube is connected to the flue gas inlet, a flue gas flow opening is left between the guide plate and the support tube, one end of the guide plate is located above the liquid guide groove, the liquid guide groove is fixed above the central tube, the liquid guide groove is connected to the tray, the liquid inlet end of the drainage pipe is connected to the tray, and the liquid outlet end of the drainage pipe is located on top of the packing layer.

[0005] Currently, in actual operation, due to the exothermic reaction between the lean absorbent solution and the CO2 in the flue gas in the absorption tower, some absorbent escapes into the atmosphere in the form of volatilization or aerosols along with the decarbonized flue gas. Oxidative or thermal degradation of the absorbent can lead to the formation of carcinogens such as nitramines and nitrosamines, which damage soil organisms and contaminate drinking water sources. Furthermore, due to the high market price of absorbents, absorbent escape leads to a sharp increase in the operating costs of carbon capture systems. Therefore, it is necessary to control the amine escape generated by carbon capture systems and reduce emissions. However, the traditional control method - water washing - can effectively reduce the volatile emissions of amine escape from carbon capture systems, but it is ineffective in removing the escaping amine in the form of aerosols, which emits a lot of emissions, and the emission control effect is not ideal.

[0006] In order to reduce the escape of absorbent, it is urgent to improve the existing CO2 capture device to enhance the CO2 absorption process. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention provides a device and method for enhancing the carbon dioxide absorption process by a streamer discharge method, which can accelerate the absorption rate of carbon dioxide by the absorption liquid by ionizing and oxidizing carbon dioxide in the gas and enhancing its activity, thereby effectively reducing the amount of absorbent escaping.

[0008] A device for enhancing the carbon dioxide absorption process by a streamer discharge method comprises an insulating tower body and an air induction unit, a streamer discharge unit, a liquid accumulation tray, a magnetic field generator, an absorption section filler, an ultrasonic oscillation module, a nozzle, and a demisting unit arranged in the insulating tower body from bottom to top; The liquid accumulation tray and the nozzle are connected via a pipeline with a pump to transport the liquid in the liquid accumulation tray to the nozzle.

[0009] Furthermore, the induced draft unit includes a gas inlet, a hollow fan baffle, a fan fixed on the fan baffle, and fan blades connected to the fan output shaft; the induced draft unit is used to guide the carbon dioxide-containing gas entering the gas inlet to the streamer discharge unit above.

[0010] Furthermore, the streamer discharge unit includes an air guide plate and a ferroelectric filler arranged above the air guide plate; the outer wall of the insulating tower body is provided with an electrostatic generator connected to the ferroelectric filler; A spiked corona discharge electrode and a spiked corona discharge wall are provided in the area between the air guide hole plate and the strong dielectric filling filler; wherein, the spiked corona discharge electrode is fixed to the air guide hole plate through a pulsed high-voltage electrostatic generator, and the spiked corona discharge wall is fixed to the inner wall of the insulating tower body; the spiked corona discharge electrode and the spiked corona discharge wall generate a high-voltage electrostatic field through the pulsed high-voltage electrostatic generator, ionizing and oxidizing carbon dioxide in the gas and enhancing its activity.

[0011] Furthermore, a front ionization degree detector is provided in the area between the ferroelectric filling filler and the liquid collection tray, a rear ionization degree detector is provided in the area between the liquid collection tray and the magnetic field generator, a lower pressure detector is provided in the area between the magnetic field generator and the absorption section filler, and an upper pressure detector is provided in the area between the absorption section filler and the ultrasonic oscillation module.

[0012] The difference between the front ionization degree detector and the rear ionization degree detector reflects the change of the gas ionization degree; when the ionization degree is less than the set threshold, the power of the electrostatic generator and the pulse high-voltage electrostatic generator is increased, and vice versa; The change of the tower section pressure drop is reflected by the difference between the lower pressure detector and the upper pressure detector. When the pressure drop exceeds the set threshold, the power of the magnetic field generator and the ultrasonic oscillation module is increased, and vice versa.

[0013] Furthermore, the ultrasonic oscillation module is used to generate ultrasonic waves of a certain frequency, so that the liquid sprayed from the nozzle is oscillated into smaller droplets, increasing the specific surface area of the droplets, increasing the efficiency of gas-liquid contact, and strengthening the absorption process; The magnetic field generator is used to generate a certain magnetic field in the cross section of the tower section, so that the charged gas molecules are deflected under the action of the magnetic field, slowing down the speed of the gas passing through the tower section, and increasing the probability of lateral collision of the liquid film when the gas molecules pass through the absorption section filler, thereby increasing the gas-liquid contact and strengthening the absorption process.

[0014] Furthermore, the liquid collection tray is used to recover the absorption liquid flowing down from the absorption section filler, and then the absorption liquid in the liquid collection tray is transported to the nozzle by a pump. The absorption section filler enhances the absorption process by increasing the gas-liquid contact area. The absorption liquid is an organic amine aqueous solution of a certain concentration.

[0015] Furthermore, the demisting unit includes a demisting device and a gas outlet; wherein the demisting device is a wire mesh demisting device with adjustable thickness.

[0016] A method for enhancing carbon dioxide absorption by streamer discharge, and an apparatus for enhancing carbon dioxide absorption by streamer discharge, comprising: S1. The gas is introduced into the insulation tower by the induced draft unit; S2, the gas is regulated by the air guide plate and enters the streamer discharge unit; S3, ionization and oxidation of carbon dioxide in the gas and enhancement of activity through streamer discharge; S4: When the gas passes through the strong dielectric filler, the ionization degree and activity are consolidated. The ultrasonic vibration module produces droplets with larger specific surface area, and the magnetic field generator deflects the direction of movement of gas molecules. All three enhance the absorption process. S5. The carbon dioxide in the gas is absorbed by the sprayed organic amine solution in the absorption unit consisting of a liquid accumulation tray, absorption section filler, nozzle, and pump; S6. The gas freed of carbon dioxide is defogged by a defogger unit and then discharged.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention utilizes an induced draft unit and a streamer discharge unit to ionize and oxidize carbon dioxide in the gas, enhancing its activity. Passing through a ferroelectric filler further enhances ionization and activity. Ultrasonic oscillation generates droplets with a larger surface area. A magnetic field generator deflects the direction of gas molecules, slowing the flow of gas through the tower. These features work together to enhance the absorption of carbon dioxide by the absorption liquid and accelerate its absorption rate.

[0018] 2. The absorption unit consisting of a liquid accumulation tray, absorption section filler, nozzle, and pump, combined with a demisting unit, can effectively reduce the amount of absorbent escaping. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for enhancing the carbon dioxide absorption process using a streamer discharge method according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a method for enhancing the carbon dioxide absorption process using a streamer discharge method according to the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 11, gas inlet; 12, fan partition; 13, fan; 14, fan blades; 21, air guide hole plate; 22, spike corona discharge wall; 23, strong dielectric filling filler; 24, spike corona discharge electrode; 25, pulse high-voltage electrostatic generator; 26, electrostatic generator; 31, liquid accumulation tray; 32, absorption section filler; 33, nozzle; 34, pump; 4, demister; 5, gas outlet; 6, insulating tower body; 7, ultrasonic oscillation module; 8, magnetic field generator; 91, front ionization degree detector; 92, rear ionization degree detector; 93, lower pressure detector; 94, upper pressure detector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be noted that the following examples are intended to facilitate understanding of the present invention and do not have any limiting effect on the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, a device for enhancing the carbon dioxide absorption process by streamer discharge method includes an insulating tower body 6 and an air induction unit, a streamer discharge unit, an ultrasonic oscillation unit, a magnetic field deflection unit, a detection unit, an absorption unit and a demisting unit.

[0024] The induced draft unit includes a gas inlet 1, a fan baffle 12, a fan 13, and fan blades 14. Fan 13 is placed above fan baffle 12, which is hollowed out to allow gas to flow freely up and down. Gas containing carbon dioxide is introduced into the gas inlet 1, and fan 13 draws the gas from the gas inlet 1 and directs it toward the streamer discharge unit.

[0025] The streamer discharge unit includes an air guide plate 21, a spike corona discharge wall 22, a strong dielectric filler 23, a spike corona discharge electrode 24, a pulse high-voltage electrostatic generator 25, and an electrostatic generator 26. The air guide plate 21 can regularize the airflow disrupted by the fan blades 14 through the holes.

[0026] The spike corona discharge electrode 24 can generate a high-voltage electrostatic field through a pulse high-voltage electrostatic generator 25, which can ionize and oxidize carbon dioxide in the gas and enhance its activity.

[0027] The electrostatic generator 26 can strengthen the ionization degree and activity of the gas when it passes through the ferroelectric filling material 23. The electrostatic generator 26 is designed outside the insulating tower body 6 and is connected to the ferroelectric filling material 23.

[0028] The ultrasonic oscillation unit is designed with an ultrasonic oscillation module 7, which can generate ultrasonic waves of a certain frequency, causing the liquid sprayed from the nozzle 33 to oscillate into smaller droplets, increasing the specific surface area of the droplets, improving the efficiency of gas-liquid contact, and enhancing the absorption process. The magnetic field deflection unit is designed with a magnetic field generator 8, which can generate a certain magnetic field in the cross-section of the tower section. Under the action of the magnetic field, the charged gas molecules are deflected in motion, slowing the speed of the gas passing through the tower section. It also increases the probability of lateral collision of the liquid film when the gas molecules pass through the absorption section filler 32, increasing gas-liquid contact and strengthening the absorption process.

[0029] The ultrasonic oscillation module 7 is designed with a high-frequency piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducer, which is installed at the three-dimensional geometric center of the ultrasonic oscillation unit. It can emit ultrasound uniformly in the horizontal direction with a frequency between 20kHz and 100kHz. A circular reflective panel can be designed around the ultrasonic transducer. The panel is 0.2mm thick, made of stainless steel, and the surface is polished to improve the reflection efficiency. It is close to the tower section and has a height of 0.3m. In addition to the ultrasonic transducer, the overall structure has no other structure, which can allow gas and liquid to pass evenly and unobstructed. The residence time of gas and liquid in the channel is about 0.1-0.5 seconds.

[0030] The magnetic field generator 8 is designed as a ring-shaped electromagnetic coil structure. The electromagnetic coil and the iron core are fixed to the inner wall of the absorption tower. The iron core is oriented toward the center of the tower section and is evenly arranged on the circumference, close to the tower section. The height is 0.3m and the thickness is 5cm. The electromagnetic coil is supplied with current through a power supply to generate a magnetic field. The direction of the magnetic field is designed to be horizontal, perpendicular to the flow direction of the gas. This can maximize the deflection effect of charged particles. In addition to the electromagnetic coil, the overall structure has no other structure, which allows the gas and liquid to pass evenly and unimpeded. The residence time of the gas and liquid in the channel is about 0.1-0.5 seconds.

[0031] The detection unit is designed with a front ionization level detector 91, a rear ionization level detector 92, a lower pressure detector 93, and an upper pressure detector 94. The ionization level detector can detect the gas ionization level, and the pressure detector can detect the tower section pressure. The difference between the front ionization level detector 91 and the rear ionization level detector 92 reflects changes in the gas ionization level. When the ionization level is low, feedback is used to adjust the streamer discharge unit, increasing the power of the electrostatic generator 26, and vice versa. The difference between the lower pressure detector 93 and the upper pressure detector 94 reflects changes in the tower section pressure drop. When the pressure drop is too high, feedback is used to adjust the ultrasonic oscillation unit and the magnetic field deflection unit, increasing the pressure drop if it is large, and reducing it if it is small.

[0032] The absorption unit includes a liquid collection tray 31, a pump 34, a nozzle 33, and an absorption section packing 32. The liquid collection tray 31 recovers the absorption liquid that flows from the absorption section packing 32. The pump 34 connects the liquid collection tray 31 and the nozzle 33, transferring the liquid from the liquid collection tray 31 to the nozzle 33. The absorption section packing 32 enhances the absorption process by increasing the gas-liquid contact area. The absorption liquid can be an aqueous solution of an organic amine of a certain concentration.

[0033] The demisting unit includes a demisting device 4 and a gas outlet 5; wherein the demisting device 4 is a wire mesh demisting device with adjustable thickness.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, a method for enhancing the carbon dioxide absorption process by streamer discharge, using the above-mentioned device, comprises the following steps: S1, gas is introduced by the fan blades 14; S2, the gas is regulated by the air guide plate 21 and enters the streamer discharge unit; S3. Streamer discharge can ionize and oxidize carbon dioxide in the gas and enhance its activity; S4. When the gas passes through the strong dielectric filler 23, the ionization degree and activity are consolidated. The ultrasonic oscillation unit produces droplets with a larger specific surface area, and the magnetic field deflection unit deflects the direction of movement of gas molecules. The three enhance the absorption process. S5. The carbon dioxide in the gas is absorbed by the sprayed organic amine solution in the absorption unit; S6. The gas from which carbon dioxide has been removed is defogged and then discharged.

[0035] The embodiments described above provide a detailed description of the technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, supplements and equivalent substitutions made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for enhancing carbon dioxide absorption by streamer discharge, characterized in that: It comprises an insulating tower body (6) and an air induction unit, a streamer discharge unit, a liquid accumulation plate (31), a magnetic field generator (8), an absorption section filler (32), an ultrasonic oscillation module (7), a nozzle (33), and a demisting unit which are sequentially arranged in the insulating tower body (6) from bottom to top; The liquid accumulation tray (31) and the nozzle (33) are connected via a pipeline with a pump (34), so that the liquid in the liquid accumulation tray (31) is transported to the nozzle (33).

2. The device for enhancing carbon dioxide absorption by streamer discharge method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The induced draft unit comprises a gas inlet (11), a fan partition (12) with a hollow structure, a fan (13) fixed on the fan partition (12), and a fan blade (14) connected to an output shaft of the fan (13); the induced draft unit is used to guide the carbon dioxide-containing gas entering through the gas inlet (11) to the streamer discharge unit above.

3. The device for enhancing carbon dioxide absorption by streamer discharge method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The streamer discharge unit comprises an air guide plate (21) and a ferroelectric filling material (23) arranged above the air guide plate (21); an electrostatic generator (26) connected to the ferroelectric filling material (23) is provided on the outer wall of the insulating tower body (6); A spiked corona discharge electrode (24) and a spiked corona discharge wall (22) are provided in the area between the air guide plate (21) and the strong dielectric filling material (23); wherein the spiked corona discharge electrode (24) is fixed to the air guide plate (21) via a pulsed high-voltage electrostatic generator (25), and the spiked corona discharge wall (22) is fixed to the inner wall of the insulating tower body (6); the spiked corona discharge electrode (24) and the spiked corona discharge wall (22) generate a high-voltage electrostatic field via the pulsed high-voltage electrostatic generator (25), thereby ionizing and oxidizing carbon dioxide in the gas and enhancing its activity.

4. The device for enhancing carbon dioxide absorption by streamer discharge method according to claim 3, characterized in that: A front ionization degree detector (91) is provided in the area between the ferroelectric filling filler (23) and the liquid accumulation disk (31), a rear ionization degree detector (92) is provided in the area between the liquid accumulation disk (31) and the magnetic field generator (8), a lower pressure detector (93) is provided in the area between the magnetic field generator (8) and the absorption section filler (32), and an upper pressure detector (94) is provided in the area between the absorption section filler (32) and the ultrasonic oscillation module (7).

5. The device for enhancing carbon dioxide absorption by streamer discharge method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The difference between the front ionization degree detector (91) and the rear ionization degree detector (92) reflects the change in the ionization degree of the gas; when the ionization degree is less than a set threshold, the power of the electrostatic generator (26) and the pulse high-voltage electrostatic generator (25) is increased, and vice versa; The change in the pressure drop of the tower section is reflected by the difference between the lower pressure detector (93) and the upper pressure detector (94). When the pressure drop exceeds a set threshold, the power of the magnetic field generator (8) and the ultrasonic oscillation module (7) is increased, and vice versa.

6. The device for enhancing carbon dioxide absorption by streamer discharge method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic oscillation module (7) is used to generate ultrasonic waves of a certain frequency, so that the liquid sprayed from the nozzle (33) is oscillated into smaller droplets, thereby increasing the specific surface area of the droplets, increasing the efficiency of gas-liquid contact, and strengthening the absorption process; The magnetic field generator (8) is used to generate a certain magnetic field in the cross section of the tower section, so that the charged gas molecules are deflected under the action of the magnetic field, slowing down the speed of the gas passing through the tower section, and increasing the probability of lateral collision of the liquid film when the gas molecules pass through the absorption section filler (32), thereby increasing gas-liquid contact and strengthening the absorption process.

7. The device for enhancing carbon dioxide absorption by streamer discharge method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid accumulation tray (31) is used to recover the absorption liquid flowing down from the absorption section filler (32), and then the absorption liquid in the liquid accumulation tray (31) is transported to the nozzle (33) through the pump (34). The absorption section filler (32) enhances the absorption process by increasing the gas-liquid contact area.

8. The device for enhancing carbon dioxide absorption by streamer discharge method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The absorption liquid is an organic amine aqueous solution.

9. The device for enhancing carbon dioxide absorption by streamer discharge method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The demisting unit comprises a demisting device (4) and a gas outlet (5); wherein the demisting device (4) is a wire mesh demisting device with adjustable thickness.

10. A method for enhancing carbon dioxide absorption by streamer discharge, characterized in that: The device for enhancing the carbon dioxide absorption process using the streamer discharge method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises: S1, the gas is introduced into the interior of the insulating tower (6) by the induced draft unit; S2, the gas is regulated by the air guide plate (21) and enters the streamer discharge unit; S3, ionization and oxidation of carbon dioxide in the gas and enhancement of activity through streamer discharge; S4, when the gas passes through the strong dielectric filling filler (23), the ionization degree and activity are consolidated, the ultrasonic oscillation module (7) produces droplets with a larger specific surface area, and the magnetic field generator (8) deflects the direction of movement of gas molecules, all of which enhance the absorption process; S5, carbon dioxide in the gas is absorbed by the sprayed organic amine solution in an absorption unit consisting of a liquid accumulation tray (31), an absorption section filler (32), a nozzle (33), and a pump (34); S6. The gas freed of carbon dioxide is defogged by a defogger unit and then discharged.

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