Preparation method of ionic liquid lubricating liquid based on addition of cationic surfactant

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of an ionic liquid lubricating liquid based on addition of a cationic surfactant in the technical field of lubricating materials, which comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a basic lubricating liquid, and pretreating the ionic liquid; s2, preparing a cationic surface active agent; s3, adding the cationic surface active agent solution and the ionic liquid solution into the basic lubricating liquid in proportion; s4, carrying out aging treatment on the mixed solution under a constant-temperature condition, and enabling all the components to fully react; s5, impurities and undissolved particles in the mixed liquid are removed through a filter, and after filtration, the lubricating liquid is in a clear and transparent state; and S6, filling the filtered lubricating liquid into a clean container. By adding the cationic surfactant and the ionic liquid, the extreme pressure property and the wear resistance of the lubricating liquid are enhanced, the oxidation resistance of the lubricating liquid is improved, and meanwhile, the pollution to the environment can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of lubricating materials, and in particular is a method for preparing a lubricating fluid based on the addition of a cationic surfactant and an ionic liquid. Background Art

[0002] In the field of lubricants, traditional lubricants are primarily based on base oils such as mineral oil, animal or vegetable oil, or synthetic oil. However, these lubricants may suffer from deficiencies in lubrication, rust prevention, and antioxidant properties in certain applications. To improve lubricant performance, researchers have experimented with adding various additives, such as surfactants, antiwear agents, and extreme pressure agents. Among these, cationic surfactants, as an effective additive, have been widely used in the preparation of lubricants.

[0003] As a new type of green solvent and reaction medium, ionic liquids have excellent thermal and chemical stability and good lubrication properties, and their application in the field of lubricants is gradually attracting attention. By combining ionic liquids with base lubricants, lubricants with excellent performance can be prepared.

[0004] Cationic surfactants are a class of surfactants with cationic, water-soluble head groups. Their molecular structures contain positively charged ionic groups, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which form a cationic surfactant molecular layer in aqueous solutions, exhibiting excellent surface activity and emulsifying properties. Cationic surfactants have the following advantages: they form an adsorption layer in aqueous solutions, reducing surface tension and improving liquid permeability and dispersibility; many cationic surfactants have excellent bactericidal and disinfecting properties; they can reduce static electricity in fibers and plastics, improving their processing properties; and the addition of cationic surfactants to lubricants, metalworking fluids, and rust inhibitors can enhance the antistatic properties of these products.

[0005] However, how to combine cationic surfactants with ionic liquids to further improve the performance of lubricating fluids is a hot topic in current research.

[0006] To address these issues, the present invention provides a method for preparing a lubricant based on the addition of a cationic surfactant and an ionic liquid. By adding a cationic surfactant and an ionic liquid to a base lubricant, the present method produces a lubricant with excellent lubrication, rust prevention, and antioxidant properties. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention proposes a preparation method of a lubricating fluid based on the addition of a cationic surfactant and an ionic liquid. By adding the cationic surfactant and the ionic liquid, the extreme pressure and wear resistance of the lubricating fluid are enhanced, the oxidation resistance of the lubricating fluid is improved, and the pollution to the environment is reduced.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a preparation method of an ionic liquid lubricant based on the addition of a cationic surfactant, the specific steps are as follows:

[0009] S1: Prepare base lubricating fluid and pretreat the ionic liquid.

[0010] S2: Prepare cationic surfactant.

[0011] S2-1: Select raw materials for cationic surfactants, including fatty alcohols, alkyl ester chlorides and trialkylamines.

[0012] S2-2: a fatty alcohol or fatty alcohol ester is subjected to a substitution reaction with an alkyl chloride in the presence of an alkaline catalyst to generate the corresponding alkyl chloride alcohol or alkyl chloride ester.

[0013] S2-3: Amination reaction is carried out between chloroalkanol or chloroalkyl ester and trialkylamine to generate the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant.

[0014] S3: Add the cationic surfactant solution and the ionic liquid solution to the base lubricating fluid in proportion.

[0015] S4: The mixed solution is aged under constant temperature conditions to allow each component to fully react.

[0016] S5: Remove impurities and undissolved particles from the mixed liquid through a filter. After filtration, the lubricating liquid should be clear and transparent.

[0017] S6: Fill the filtered lubricating fluid into a clean container.

[0018] Furthermore, the base lubricating fluid in S1 includes mineral oil or synthetic oil.

[0019] Furthermore, the pretreatment method of the ionic liquid in S1 is to mix the ionic liquid with a solvent to prepare an ionic liquid solution.

[0020] Furthermore, the ionic liquid is a phosphate ionic liquid.

[0021] Further, the solvent includes methanol or ethanol.

[0022] Furthermore, the reaction conditions in S2 include a temperature of 60° C. to 90° C. and a time of 8 h to 48 h.

[0023] Furthermore, the temperature condition of the aging treatment in S4 is: 25°C to 80°C.

[0024] Furthermore, the storage conditions after filling in S6 are: sealed and stored in a cool and dry place.

[0025] The following beneficial effects are achieved by adopting the above scheme:

[0026] 1. While conventional lubricants typically use only base oil as their primary component, the present method enhances the extreme pressure and anti-wear properties of the lubricant by adding cationic surfactants and ionic liquids. This enables the lubricant to exhibit excellent lubrication under various operating conditions, thereby increasing the efficiency and lifespan of the equipment.

[0027] 2. Through constant temperature aging treatment, each component can fully react, making the lubricant more stable. Compared with traditional lubricants, this preparation method improves the stability of the lubricant during use and reduces the performance degradation caused by component separation or oxidation.

[0028] 3. Using mineral oil or synthetic oil as the base lubricant can reduce environmental pollution. At the same time, the use of cationic surfactants and ionic liquids also reduces the demand for traditional lubricants, further reducing environmental pollution.

[0029] 4. By adding cationic surfactants and ionic liquids to the base lubricant in appropriate proportions, the preparation process is simplified and production costs are reduced. Compared with traditional preparation methods that require complex chemical reactions and purification steps, this method is simpler and more efficient.

[0030] 5. Aging and filtration ensure the full reaction of components and the removal of impurities, thereby improving production efficiency. This makes the production of lubricants more efficient and can quickly meet market demand.

[0031] 6. By sealing and storing in a cool, dry place, the shelf life of the lubricant is effectively extended, ensuring product quality. Compared with traditional lubricants, this preparation method can better ensure the freshness and quality stability of the product.

[0032] 7. The compatibility of quaternary ammonium ionic liquids with mineral oil or synthetic oil has been improved, enhancing the overall performance of the lubricant. This makes the lubricant suitable for a wider variety of applications and equipment.

[0033] 8. The addition of cationic surfactants and ionic liquids helps improve the lubricant's antioxidant properties, allowing it to maintain good performance under harsh conditions. Compared with traditional lubricants, this preparation method can better ensure the performance stability of the lubricant during long-term use.

[0034] 9. Some cationic surfactants have good biodegradability, which helps reduce the impact of lubricants on the environment. Compared with traditional lubricants, this preparation method is more environmentally friendly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1The present invention is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for preparing a lubricating fluid by adding a cationic surfactant and an ionic liquid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended only to explain the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0037] Example 1, basically as in the attached Figure 1 As shown: A method for preparing a lubricating fluid based on the addition of a cationic surfactant and an ionic liquid, the specific steps are as follows:

[0038] S1: Prepare base lubricating fluid and pretreat the ionic liquid.

[0039] S2: Prepare cationic surfactant.

[0040] S2-1: Select raw materials for cationic surfactants, including fatty alcohols, alkyl ester chlorides and trialkylamines.

[0041] S2-2: a fatty alcohol or fatty alcohol ester is subjected to a substitution reaction with an alkyl chloride in the presence of an alkaline catalyst to generate the corresponding alkyl chloride alcohol or alkyl chloride ester.

[0042] S2-3: Amination reaction is carried out between chloroalkanol or chloroalkyl ester and trialkylamine to generate the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant.

[0043] S3: Add the cationic surfactant solution and the ionic liquid solution to the base lubricating fluid in proportion.

[0044] S4: The mixed solution is aged under constant temperature conditions to allow each component to fully react.

[0045] S5: Remove impurities and undissolved particles from the mixed liquid through a filter. After filtration, the lubricating liquid should be clear and transparent.

[0046] S6: Fill the filtered lubricating fluid into a clean container.

[0047] The base lubricant in S1 includes mineral oil or synthetic oil.

[0048] The pretreatment method of the ionic liquid in S1 is to mix the ionic liquid with a solvent to prepare an ionic liquid solution.

[0049] The ionic liquid is a phosphate ionic liquid.

[0050] Solvents include methanol or ethanol.

[0051] The reaction conditions in S2 include a temperature of 60° C. to 90° C. and a time of 8 h to 48 h.

[0052] The temperature condition of the aging treatment in S4 is: 25°C to 80°C.

[0053] The storage conditions after filling in S6 are: sealed and stored in a cool and dry place.

[0054] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0055] S1: prepare the base lubricating fluid and pretreat the ionic liquid;

[0056] A comparison of basic properties (see Table 1) shows that synthetic oil is the preferred base lubricant. Compared to mineral oil, it has better viscosity-temperature performance and low-temperature fluidity, does not contain unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, and is non-fluorescent. In addition to carbon and oxygen, synthetic oils also contain sulfur, silicon, and phosphorus.

[0057] Table 1 Comparison of base oil properties (℃)

[0058] category Long-term operating temperature Short-term operating temperature Pour point Flash point mineral oil 93～120 134～150 -15 ＜200 synthetic oil 159～231 299～339 -50 Around 240

[0059] Synthetic oil is chosen as the base lubricant because of its better stability and lubricating properties.

[0060] The phosphate ionic liquid and methanol were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 and stirred to form an ionic liquid solution. Methanol as a solvent can help the ionic liquid dissolve and disperse better.

[0061] S2: preparation of cationic surfactant;

[0062] In this embodiment, the fatty alcohol can be selected from stearyl alcohol, the alkyl chloride can be selected from paraffin wax, and the trialkylamine can be selected from triethylamine.

[0063] Using sodium hydroxide as a catalyst, octadecyl alcohol and chlorinated paraffin undergo a substitution reaction at 70°C for 24 hours to produce the corresponding chloroalkanol. The reaction temperature and time are controlled to ensure complete reaction.

[0064] Amination reaction is carried out between the chloroalkanol and triethylamine at 80°C for 16 hours. An appropriate amount of water and organic solvent may be added during the reaction to improve the reaction efficiency. After the above steps, a quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant is produced.

[0065] S3: adding the cationic surfactant solution and the ionic liquid solution to the base lubricating fluid in proportion;

[0066] The mass ratio of the cationic surfactant solution to the base lubricant is 1:10, and the mass ratio of the ionic liquid solution to the base lubricant is 1:5. Such a ratio helps improve the performance of the lubricant.

[0067] The cationic surfactant solution and the ionic liquid solution are slowly added to the base lubricating fluid respectively, and stirred evenly to ensure that the components are fully mixed.

[0068] S4: aging the mixed solution at a constant temperature to allow the components to fully react;

[0069] The aging temperature was 40°C, which facilitated the full reaction between the components. The aging time was 48 hours to ensure full reaction and stability of the components.

[0070] S5: Remove impurities and undissolved particles from the mixed liquid through a filter. After filtration, the lubricating liquid should be clear and transparent.

[0071] Filter the mixture through a fine mesh or filter paper to remove impurities and undissolved particles. The lubricant should be clear and transparent after filtration.

[0072] S6: Fill the filtered lubricating fluid into a clean container;

[0073] Use clean containers for filling and ensure that the containers are thoroughly cleaned before use. Be careful when filling to avoid contamination and impurities.

[0074] After filling, seal the container and store in a cool, dry place. Avoid direct sunlight and high temperatures to maintain the quality and stability of the lubricant.

[0075] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and common knowledge such as the specific structure and / or characteristics of the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several variations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a lubricating fluid based on the addition of a cationic surfactant and an ionic liquid, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: S1: prepare the base lubricating fluid and pretreat the ionic liquid; S2: preparation of cationic surfactant; S2-1: Selecting raw materials for cationic surfactants, including fatty alcohols, alkyl ester chlorides, and trialkylamines; S2-2: performing a substitution reaction between a fatty alcohol or a fatty alcohol ester and an alkyl chloride in the presence of a basic catalyst to generate the corresponding alkyl chloride alcohol or alkyl chloride ester; S2-3: amination reaction of chloroalkanol or chloroalkyl ester with trialkylamine to generate the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant; S3: adding the cationic surfactant solution and the ionic liquid solution to the base lubricating fluid in proportion; S4: aging the mixed solution at a constant temperature to allow the components to fully react; S5: Remove impurities and undissolved particles from the mixed liquid through a filter. After filtration, the lubricating liquid should be clear and transparent. S6: Fill the filtered lubricating fluid into a clean container.

2. The method for preparing a lubricating fluid based on the addition of a cationic surfactant and an ionic liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base lubricant in S1 includes mineral oil or synthetic oil.

3. The method for preparing a lubricating fluid based on the addition of a cationic surfactant and an ionic liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment method of the ionic liquid in S1 is to mix the ionic liquid with a solvent to prepare an ionic liquid solution.

4. The method for preparing a lubricating fluid based on the addition of a cationic surfactant and an ionic liquid according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ionic liquid is a phosphate ionic liquid.

5. The method for preparing a lubricating fluid based on the addition of a cationic surfactant and an ionic liquid according to claim 3, characterized in that: Solvents include methanol or ethanol.

6. The method for preparing a lubricating fluid based on the addition of a cationic surfactant and an ionic liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction conditions in S2 include a temperature of 60° C. to 90° C. and a time of 8 h to 48 h.

7. The method for preparing a lubricating fluid based on the addition of a cationic surfactant and an ionic liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature condition of the aging treatment in S4 is: 25°C to 80°C.

8. The method for preparing a lubricating fluid based on the addition of a cationic surfactant and an ionic liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The storage conditions after filling in S6 are: sealed and stored in a cool and dry place.

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