Method and device for improving biogas produced by anaerobic digestion of medicine residues through multi-stage cooperative treatment

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of biomass energy, and particularly discloses a method and a device for improving biogas production by anaerobic digestion of medicine residues through multi-stage cooperative treatment. Solid medicine residues are smashed and then subjected to ultrasonic and electric pretreatment, then Tween-80 modified foam iron is added into a pretreated mixture, the mixture is placed in a fermentation tank with a space magnetic field for anaerobic digestion, then biogas is obtained, cell walls and fiber structures of the medicine residues are destroyed through the ultrasonic cavitation effect, mechanical vibration and heat effect, and the biogas is obtained. The electric field effect can change the charge distribution on the surfaces of the medicine residue particles, destroy the cell membrane structure and promote the release of the organic matters in the cells, and meanwhile, the electric field can cause electrophoresis and electroosmosis phenomena, further destroy the structure of the medicine residue and promote the fermentation of the medicine residue to generate biogas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass energy, and particularly relates to a method and a device for improving biogas production by anaerobic digestion of medicinal residues through multi-stage coordinated processing. Background Art

[0002] With population growth and accelerated industrialization, traditional energy supplies are inadequate, and biomass energy, as a renewable alternative, has attracted considerable attention. Anaerobic digestion technology, which generates methane through the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms, has become an important energy production pathway. In China, approximately 60 to 70 million tons of traditional Chinese medicine residue are produced annually. Currently, most of this residue is disposed of through stacking, burning, or landfill, resulting in resource waste and environmental pollution. As a by-product of pharmaceutical processing, drug residue is rich in organic components and has a high potential for methane production during anaerobic digestion. Using drug residue for anaerobic digestion not only contributes to waste resource utilization but also provides a viable solution to alleviate global energy shortages. However, the complex structure of drug residue makes it difficult for microorganisms to directly degrade it, resulting in low anaerobic digestion efficiency and low methane production.

[0003] Therefore, the present invention uses ultrasound and electricity to pretreat the medicinal residue, and then improves the anaerobic digestion environment and enhances the digestion capacity of microorganisms by setting a three-dimensional magnetic field and adding Tween-80 modified foam iron material, so that organic matter can be decomposed and utilized more quickly and thoroughly and the electron transfer capacity is increased, thereby improving the biogas production of the anaerobic digestion of the medicinal residue. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for improving the production of biogas by anaerobic digestion of medicinal residues through multi-stage coordinated treatment, so as to solve the problem that the medicinal residues have a complex structure and are difficult to be directly degraded by microorganisms, resulting in low anaerobic digestion efficiency and low methane production.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The method for improving biogas production by anaerobic digestion of medicinal residues through multi-stage coordinated treatment comprises the following steps:

[0007] After the solid medicinal residue is crushed, it is sieved and classified to obtain medicinal residue crushed material;

[0008] Adding crushed medicinal residues to water to form a mixture to be pretreated, and pretreating the mixture to be pretreated using ultrasound and electricity to obtain a pretreated mixture;

[0009] adding Tween-80 modified iron foam to the pretreated mixture to form a fermentation mixture, and placing the fermentation mixture in a fermentation tank with a spatial magnetic field to perform anaerobic digestion;

[0010] Collect biogas from the fermentation tank;

[0011] The residue in the fermentation tank is collected, and the Tween-80 modified iron foam in the residue is recovered.

[0012] Preferably, in the pretreatment of the mixture to be pretreated using ultrasound and electricity, the frequency of the ultrasound used for pretreatment is 40kHz, the power is 100W, and the treatment time is 30 minutes; the voltage intensity of the electricity used for pretreatment is 100V / m, and the treatment time is 30 minutes.

[0013] Preferably, the foamed iron with a porosity of 60 PPI is placed in a Tween-80 solution with a concentration of 8.3 g / L and a temperature of 60° C. for modification for 4 hours to obtain a modified product, and the modified product is placed in a drying oven at 60° C. to obtain the Tween-80 modified foamed iron.

[0014] Preferably, the fermentation mixture is placed in a fermentation tank with a spatial magnetic field, the spatial magnetic field is generated by a permanent magnet, the magnetic field strength is 14.4 mT, and the spatial magnetic field strength adjustment base is the center of the fermentation tank. When anaerobic digestion is carried out, the fermentation temperature in the fermentation tank is 35±1°C, and stirring is performed once every 8 hours during the fermentation process. The amount of Tween-80 modified foam iron added to the fermentation tank is 2.9 g / L.

[0015] A device for improving biogas production by anaerobic digestion of medicinal residues using multi-stage coordinated treatment, and a method for improving biogas production by anaerobic digestion of medicinal residues using multi-stage coordinated treatment, comprising:

[0016] The medicinal residue crushing part is used to process the bulk medicinal residue into crushed medicinal residue, comprising a medicinal residue crushing device housing, a medicinal residue crushing chamber is provided inside the medicinal residue crushing device housing, a medicinal residue feeding port connected to the medicinal residue crushing chamber is provided on the medicinal residue crushing device housing, and a medicinal residue crushing assembly is provided on the medicinal residue crushing device housing;

[0017] The pretreatment unit is used to pretreat the crushed medicinal residue, comprising a pretreatment device housing, a pretreatment chamber provided inside the pretreatment device housing, a pretreatment feed inlet and a biogas slurry return inlet connected to the pretreatment device housing, and an ultrasonic treatment component and an electrical treatment component provided inside the pretreatment device housing;

[0018] A fermentation section, used for fermentation to produce biogas, comprises a fermentation tank shell, an organic glass fermentation shell connected to the fermentation tank shell, and a fermentation tank feed port provided on the fermentation tank shell; the fermentation tank shell is connected to a stirring assembly; the organic glass fermentation shell is externally connected to a magnetic field generating assembly; the fermentation tank shell is provided with a Tween-80 modified iron foam inlet and outlet; the organic glass fermentation shell is filled with Tween-80 modified iron foam; the fermentation tank shell is connected to a fermentation tank insulation circulating water outlet and a fermentation tank insulation circulating water inlet; a circulating water insulation chamber connected to the fermentation tank insulation circulating water outlet and the fermentation tank insulation circulating water inlet is provided between the fermentation tank shell and the organic glass fermentation shell;

[0019] a heat preservation part, used to supply heat to the fermentation part, comprising a circulating hot water tank connected to the heat preservation circulating water outlet and the heat preservation circulating water inlet of the fermentation tank;

[0020] A gas collecting bag is connected to the biogas outlet provided on the fermentation tank shell through a gas collecting pipe, and the gas collecting pipe is provided with a switch and a gas flow meter;

[0021] The fermentation residue recovery unit is used to collect and separate the fermentation residue, and includes a solid-liquid separation tank to which a solid-liquid separation screen and a solid-liquid separator are connected;

[0022] A first pipe is connected between the shell of the medicinal residue crushing device and the pretreatment feed port, and a switch and a peristaltic pump are connected to the first pipe. A second pipe is connected between the shell of the pretreatment device and the fermentation tank feed port, and a switch and a peristaltic pump are connected to the second pipe. A third pipe is connected between the biogas reflux inlet and the solid-liquid separation tank, and a switch and a peristaltic pump are connected to the third pipe. A fourth pipe extending to the interior of the fermentation tank shell is connected to the solid-liquid separator, and a switch and a peristaltic pump are connected to the fourth pipe.

[0023] Preferably, the medicinal residue crushing assembly includes a crushing motor connected to the medicinal residue crushing device housing and a crushing connecting rod connected to the output shaft of the crushing motor, the crushing connecting rod extends into the interior of the medicinal residue crushing device housing, and the crushing connecting rod is connected to a crushing blade.

[0024] Preferably, the ultrasonic processing component includes an ultrasonic vibrator plugged into the pretreatment device housing, the electrical processing component includes an electrical pretreatment and ultrasonic pretreatment power supply connected to the pretreatment device housing, and an electrical pretreatment anode and an electrical pretreatment cathode plugged into the pretreatment device housing, the electrical pretreatment anode is located in the center of the pretreatment chamber, a plurality of electrical pretreatment cathodes are arranged at equal intervals around the electrical pretreatment anode, and gaps are left between the electrical pretreatment anodes, and the ultrasonic vibrator is located between the electrical pretreatment anodes and the electrical pretreatment cathodes.

[0025] Preferably, the stirring assembly includes a stirring motor connected to the fermentation tank shell, a stirring connecting rod connected to the end of the stirring motor output shaft and a stirring blade connected to the stirring connecting rod, the stirring connecting rod and the stirring blade are located inside the fermentation tank shell, the magnetic field generating assembly includes an oblate permanent magnet connected to the bottom of the organic glass fermentation shell and a plurality of bar permanent magnets connected to the side of the organic glass fermentation shell, and a magnetic field detection device is connected to the fermentation tank shell.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The present invention crushes solid medicinal residues and then performs ultrasonic and electrical pretreatment. After adding Tween-80 modified foamed iron to the pretreated mixture, it is placed in a fermenter with a spatial magnetic field for anaerobic digestion, thereby obtaining biogas. The ultrasonic cavitation effect, mechanical vibration, and thermal effect destroy the cell wall and fiber structure of the medicinal residues, releasing more soluble organic matter and improving the biodegradability of the medicinal residues. The electric field can change the charge distribution on the surface of the medicinal residue particles, destroy the cell membrane structure, and promote the release of intracellular organic matter. At the same time, the electric field can also cause electrophoresis and electroosmosis, further destroying the structure of the medicinal residues. Tween-80 is a nonionic surfactant that can improve the surface properties of the foamed iron, enhance its adsorption capacity and biocompatibility. The foamed iron has a porous structure and can provide a large specific surface area, which is conducive to the attachment and growth of microorganisms. In addition, the foamed iron releases Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions during the anaerobic digestion process. The magnetic field can affect the metabolic activity and enzyme activity of microorganisms, promoting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. The appropriate magnetic field strength can enhance the metabolic activity of microorganisms and improve the efficiency of anaerobic digestion. Under the action of the spatial magnetic field, Fe2+ and Fe3+ may form a dynamic balance, which not only provides the electron donor Fe2+, but also generates the more oxidizing Fe3+, optimizing the overall environment of the anaerobic digestion system. Anaerobic microorganisms with enhanced metabolic activity can efficiently convert the organic matter in the medicinal residue into biogas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1This is a flowchart of the method for improving biogas production by anaerobic digestion of medicinal residues through multi-stage coordinated processing disclosed in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the device disclosed in the present invention for multi-stage coordinated treatment to improve biogas production by anaerobic digestion of medicinal residues;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a modified diagram of foam iron according to the present invention, wherein Figure 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of the contact angle of foamed iron before modification. Figure 3 (b) is a schematic diagram of the contact angle of modified foam iron. Figure 3 (c) is the Fourier transform infrared spectra of Tween-80 solution and Tween-80 modified iron foam;

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the comparison of methane production in the conventional group of the present invention and the methane production in the optimal group produced after treating the medicinal residues using the method;

[0032] Figure: 1. Medicinal residue crushing device housing; 2. Crushing connecting rod; 3. Crushing motor; 4. Medicinal residue feed port; 5. Medicinal residue crushing chamber; 6. Large medicinal residue; 7. Crushing blades; 8. Crushed medicinal residue; 9. Switch; 10. Peristaltic pump; 11. Pretreatment feed port; 12. Power supply for electrical pretreatment and ultrasonic pretreatment; 13. Biogas slurry return inlet; 14. Pretreatment device housing; 15. Pretreatment chamber; 16. Electrical pretreatment anode; 17. Ultrasonic vibrator; 18. Electrical pretreatment cathode; 19. Bar permanent magnet; 20. Organic glass fermentation housing; 21. Stir Mixing connecting rod; 22. Oblate permanent magnet; 23. Mixing blade; 24. Fermentation tank shell; 25. Tween-80 modified foam iron; 26. Fermentation tank feed port; 27. Solid-liquid separation screen; 28. Solid-liquid separator; 29. Magnetic field detection device; 30. Mixing motor; 31. Biogas outlet; 32. Gas collecting bag; 33. Fermentation tank insulation circulating water outlet; 34. Fermentation tank insulation circulating water inlet; 35. Circulating hot water tank; 36. Circulating water insulation chamber; 37. Solid-liquid separation tank; 38. Tween-80 modified foam iron inlet and outlet; 39. Gas flow meter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example:

[0035] See also Figure 1- Figure 4 As shown, the method for improving biogas production by anaerobic digestion of medicinal residues through multi-stage coordinated treatment is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0036] After the solid medicinal residue is crushed, it is sieved and classified to obtain medicinal residue crushed material;

[0037] Adding crushed medicinal residues to water to form a mixture to be pretreated, and pretreating the mixture to be pretreated using ultrasound and electricity to obtain a pretreated mixture;

[0038] adding Tween-80 modified iron foam to the pretreated mixture to form a fermentation mixture, and placing the fermentation mixture in a fermentation tank with a spatial magnetic field to perform anaerobic digestion;

[0039] Collect biogas from the fermentation tank;

[0040] The residue in the fermentation tank is collected, and the Tween-80 modified iron foam in the residue is recovered.

[0041] As shown above, solid medicinal residue is pulverized and then subjected to ultrasonic and electrical pretreatment. Tween-80-modified iron foam is then added to the pretreated mixture and placed in a fermenter with a magnetic field for anaerobic digestion, thereby generating biogas. Ultrasonic cavitation, mechanical vibration, and thermal effects disrupt the cell walls and fiber structure of the medicinal residue, releasing more soluble organic matter and improving its biodegradability. The electric field alters the charge distribution on the surface of the medicinal residue particles, disrupting the cell membrane structure and promoting the release of intracellular organic matter. Furthermore, the electric field induces electrophoresis and electroosmosis, further disrupting the structure of the medicinal residue. Tween-80 is a nonionic surfactant that can improve the surface properties of the iron foam, enhancing its adsorption capacity and biocompatibility. The porous structure of the iron foam provides a large specific surface area, which is conducive to the attachment and growth of microorganisms. Furthermore, the iron foam releases Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions during anaerobic digestion. Magnetic fields can influence microbial metabolic activity and enzyme activity, promoting microbial growth and reproduction. Appropriate magnetic field strength can enhance microbial metabolic activity and improve the efficiency of anaerobic digestion. Under the action of the spatial magnetic field, Fe2+ and Fe3+ may form a dynamic balance, which not only provides the electron donor Fe2+, but also generates the more oxidizing Fe3+, optimizing the overall environment of the anaerobic digestion system. Anaerobic microorganisms with enhanced metabolic activity can efficiently convert the organic matter in the medicinal residue into biogas.

[0042] In the pretreatment of the mixture to be pretreated using ultrasound and electricity, the frequency of the ultrasound used for pretreatment is 40kHz, the power is 100W, and the treatment time is 30 minutes; the voltage intensity of the electricity used for pretreatment is 100V / m, and the treatment time is 30 minutes. The cavitation effect of the ultrasound can destroy the cell wall structure of the medicinal residue, release more degradable organic matter, and further destroy the complex structure of the medicinal residue through electrochemical action, thereby improving its degradability.

[0043] See also Figure 3 As shown, the foam iron with a porosity of 60PPI is placed in deionized water and is put into an ultrasonic oscillator for vibration, to remove surface impurities. After the concussion ends, the foam iron is taken out and placed in a drying oven for drying, ensuring that the surface is free of moisture. Appropriate deionized water is added in a beaker, and Tween-80 solution is slowly added. The solution is stirred at room temperature using a magnetic stirrer until Tween-80 is completely dissolved, forming a uniform solution, then the foam iron is placed in a concentration of 8.3g / L, a temperature of 60 DEG C of Tween-80 solution modification for 4 hours to obtain a modified product, the modified product is placed in 60 DEG C of drying ovens and dried to obtain the Tween-80 modified foam iron, dried to constant weight, to ensure the stability of the modified material, because foam iron can not produce consumption during fermentation, magnet can be used to quickly and easily recycle foam iron, the contact angle of foam iron before modification is 92.7 °, and the foam iron contact angle after modification is significantly reduced to 44.1 °, showing that Tween-80 modification enhances the hydrophilicity of foam iron.

[0044] The fermentation mixture is placed in a fermentation tank with a spatial magnetic field, the spatial magnetic field is generated by a permanent magnet, the magnetic field strength is 14.4 mT, and the spatial magnetic field strength is adjusted based on the center of the fermentation tank. During anaerobic digestion, the fermentation temperature in the fermentation tank is 35±1°C, stirring is performed once every 8 hours during the fermentation process, and the amount of Tween-80 modified foam iron added to the fermentation tank is 2.9 g / L.

[0045] See also Figure 2 As shown, a device for improving biogas production by anaerobic digestion of medicinal residues using multi-stage coordinated treatment, and a method for improving biogas production by anaerobic digestion of medicinal residues using multi-stage coordinated treatment, include:

[0046] The medicinal residue crushing part is used to process the bulk medicinal residue 6 into crushed medicinal residue 8, comprising a medicinal residue crushing device housing 1, a medicinal residue crushing chamber 5 is provided inside the medicinal residue crushing device housing 1, a medicinal residue feeding port 4 connected to the medicinal residue crushing chamber 5 is provided on the medicinal residue crushing device housing 1, and a medicinal residue crushing assembly is provided on the medicinal residue crushing device housing 1;

[0047] The pretreatment unit is used to pretreat the crushed medicinal residue 8, and includes a pretreatment device housing 14, a pretreatment chamber 15 is provided inside the pretreatment device housing 14, a pretreatment feed inlet 11 and a biogas slurry return inlet 13 are connected to the pretreatment device housing 14, and an ultrasonic treatment component and an electrical treatment component are provided inside the pretreatment device housing 14;

[0048] A fermentation section, used for fermentation to produce biogas, includes a fermentation tank shell 24, an organic glass fermentation shell 20 connected to the fermentation tank shell 24, and a fermentation tank feed port 26 provided on the fermentation tank shell 24. The fermentation tank shell 24 is connected to a stirring assembly, the organic glass fermentation shell 20 is externally connected to a magnetic field generating assembly, the fermentation tank shell 24 is provided with a Tween-80 modified iron foam inlet and outlet 38, the organic glass fermentation shell 20 is filled with Tween-80 modified iron foam 25, the fermentation tank shell 24 is connected to a fermentation tank insulation circulating water outlet 33 and a fermentation tank insulation circulating water inlet 34, and a circulating water insulation chamber 36 connected to the fermentation tank insulation circulating water outlet 33 and the fermentation tank insulation circulating water inlet 34 is provided between the fermentation tank shell 24 and the organic glass fermentation shell 20;

[0049] The heat preservation part is used to supply heat to the fermentation part, including a circulating hot water tank 35 connected to the fermentation tank heat preservation circulating water outlet 33 and the fermentation tank heat preservation circulating water inlet 34;

[0050] A gas collecting bag 32 is connected to a biogas outlet 31 provided on the fermentation tank housing 24 via a gas collecting pipe, and a switch 9 and a gas flow meter 39 are provided on the gas collecting pipe;

[0051] The fermentation residue recovery section is used to collect and separate the fermentation residue, and includes a solid-liquid separation tank 37 to which a solid-liquid separation screen 27 and a solid-liquid separator 28 are connected;

[0052] A first pipe is connected between the medicinal residue crushing device shell 1 and the pretreatment feed port 11, and a switch 9 and a peristaltic pump 10 are connected to the first pipe. The switch 9 and the peristaltic pump 10 on the first pipe cooperate to introduce the crushed medicinal residue 8 into the pretreatment chamber 15. A second pipe is connected between the pretreatment device shell 14 and the fermentation tank feed port 26, and a switch 9 and a peristaltic pump 10 are connected to the second pipe. The switch 9 and the peristaltic pump 10 on the second pipe cooperate to transfer the pretreated material to the organic glass fermentation shell 20 through the fermentation tank feed port 26. A third pipe is connected between the biogas reflux inlet 13 and the solid-liquid separation tank 37, and the third pipe is connected to a switch 9 and a peristaltic pump 10. The switch 9 and the peristaltic pump 10 on the third pipe can return the biogas separated by the solid-liquid separation tank 37 to the pretreatment chamber 15. The solid-liquid separator 28 is connected to a fourth pipe extending to the interior of the fermentation tank shell 24. The fourth pipe is connected to a switch 9 and a peristaltic pump 10. The switch 9 and the peristaltic pump 10 on the fourth pipe can pump the fermentation residue in the organic glass fermentation shell 20 into the solid-liquid separator 28 for solid-liquid separation.

[0053] As can be seen from the above, when the medicinal residue is processed, the bulk medicinal residue 6 can be put into the medicinal residue crushing chamber 5 through the medicinal residue feed port 4, and the medicinal residue crushing component processes the bulk medicinal residue 6 into the crushed medicinal residue 8 with a particle size of 1-5 mm. The crushed medicinal residue 8 is introduced into the pretreatment chamber 15 through the peristaltic pump 10 and the first pipe, and an appropriate amount of water is added to the pretreatment chamber 15 to form a mixture. The mixture is pretreated by the ultrasonic treatment component and the electric treatment component. After the pretreatment, the mixture enters the organic glass fermentation shell 20 from the fermentation tank feed port 26 through the second pipe. The mixture is mixed with Tween in the organic glass fermentation shell 20. -80 modified foam iron 25 is mixed, and at the same time, the magnetic field generating component forms a magnetic field in the organic glass fermentation shell 20, and anaerobic fermentation treatment is carried out under the action of the magnetic field to generate biogas. During the fermentation process, the circulating hot water tank 35 repeatedly replaces the insulation water in the circulating water insulation chamber 36 through the fermentation tank insulation circulating water outlet 33 and the fermentation tank insulation circulating water inlet 34, so as to maintain the interior of the organic glass fermentation shell 20 at a suitable fermentation temperature, and the fermentation temperature is always controlled to be maintained at 35±1°C. The biogas generated by the fermentation enters the gas collecting bag 32 through the gas collecting pipe, and the remaining fermentation products are pumped to the solid-liquid separator 28 through the fourth pipe for solid-liquid separation.

[0054] The medicinal residue crushing assembly includes a crushing motor 3 connected to the medicinal residue crushing device housing 1 and a crushing connecting rod 2 connected to the output shaft of the crushing motor 3. The crushing connecting rod 2 extends into the interior of the medicinal residue crushing device housing 1, and a crushing blade 7 is connected to the crushing connecting rod 2. The output shaft of the crushing motor 3 drives the crushing connecting rod 2 and the crushing blade 7 to rotate, and the rotating crushing blade 7 processes the large medicinal residue 6 into crushed medicinal residue 8.

[0055] The ultrasonic processing component includes an ultrasonic vibrator 17 plugged into the pretreatment device housing 14, the electric processing component includes an electric pretreatment and ultrasonic pretreatment power supply 12 connected to the pretreatment device housing 14 and an electric pretreatment anode 16 and an electric pretreatment cathode 18 plugged into the pretreatment device housing 14, the electric pretreatment anode 16 is located in the center of the pretreatment chamber 15, and a plurality of the electric pretreatment cathodes 18 are arranged around the electric pretreatment anode 16 at equal intervals, and a gap is left between the electric pretreatment anode 16 and the electric pretreatment cathodes 18. The sonic vibrator 17 is located between the electric pretreatment anode 16 and the electric pretreatment cathode 18. When pretreating the medicinal residue, the electric pretreatment and ultrasonic pretreatment power supply 12 is turned on, the ultrasonic frequency is adjusted to 40kHz, the power is 100W, and the treatment time is 30 minutes. At the same time, the voltage intensity of the electric pretreatment is adjusted to 100V / m, and the treatment time is 30 minutes. The cavitation effect of the ultrasonic wave can destroy the cell wall structure of the medicinal residue and release more degradable organic matter. The electric pretreatment further destroys the complex structure of the medicinal residue through electrochemical action, thereby improving its degradability. After the pretreatment is completed, the switch 9 in the solid-liquid separation tank 37 is first opened and the peristaltic pump 10 is used to mix 4g of medicinal residue with 1L of sewage. The required sewage is sent to the pretreatment chamber 15 reactor through the biogas slurry reflux inlet 13. Then the switch 9 between the pretreatment chamber 15 and the fermentation tank shell 24 is opened, and the medicinal residue and sewage are sent to the organic glass fermentation shell 20 through the peristaltic pump 10.

[0056] The stirring assembly includes a stirring motor 30 connected to the fermentation tank shell 24, a stirring connecting rod 21 connected to the end of the output shaft of the stirring motor 30, and a stirring blade 23 connected to the stirring connecting rod 21. The stirring connecting rod 21 and the stirring blade 23 are located inside the fermentation tank shell 24. The magnetic field generating assembly includes an oblate permanent magnet 22 connected to the bottom of the organic glass fermentation shell 20 and a plurality of bar permanent magnets 19 connected to the side of the organic glass fermentation shell 20. A magnetic field detection device 29 is connected to the fermentation tank shell 24. The output of the stirring motor 30 The shaft drives the stirring connecting rod 21 and stirring blades 23 to rotate and stir the fermented medicinal residue. During the fermentation process, the stirring motor 30 is turned on every 8 hours to stir and ensure that the medicinal residue is fully degraded. After fermentation is completed, the undigested biogas residue is pumped to the solid-liquid separation tank 37 through the peristaltic pump 10 at the bottom of the organic glass fermentation shell 20. The fermentation residue is processed by the solid-liquid separator 28 to achieve solid-liquid separation. The solid-liquid separation screen 27 is provided in the solid-liquid separation tank 37 to separate the biogas residue and the biogas liquid. The biogas liquid is transported to the pretreatment tank chamber 15 for recycling via the peristaltic pump 10. The biogas residue and permeate are used to make organic fertilizer. The biogas production and biogas composition ratio are measured every 4 hours. The biogas composition ratio is analyzed by gas chromatograph, and the biogas production is measured by gas flow meter 39.

[0057] The combined effects of ultrasonic and electrical pretreatment effectively disrupt the complex structure of medicinal residues, releasing more soluble organic matter. The coupling of Tween-80-modified iron foam 25 and a spatial magnetic field optimizes the growth environment for anaerobic microorganisms, promoting their attachment, growth, and metabolism. Multi-stage pretreatment and bioaugmentation significantly improve the conversion efficiency of organic matter. Ultrasonic and electrical pretreatment rapidly disrupt the structure of medicinal residues, while Tween-80-modified iron foam 25 and the spatial magnetic field accelerate microbial metabolism. Ultrasonic and electrical pretreatment equipment is simple and easy to operate, Tween-80-modified iron foam 25 is easy to prepare, and the spatial magnetic field device is readily available. Both ultrasonic and electrical pretreatment are physical methods, requiring no chemical reagents. Tween-80 is a biodegradable surfactant and is environmentally friendly. Anaerobic digestion converts medicinal residues into biogas, realizing resource utilization of waste.

[0058] See also Figure 4 As shown, the amount of methane obtained by treating medicinal residues using this device and this method is significantly increased.

[0059] In summary, the present invention significantly improves the efficiency and methane production of anaerobic digestion of medicinal residues through the synergistic effect of multi-stage pretreatment and bioaugmentation, while also offering advantages such as simple operation, low cost, and environmental friendliness. This invention not only solves the technical challenges of resource utilization of medicinal residues but also provides new ideas for the efficient treatment of organic waste, possessing significant application value and promotional prospects.

[0060] All standard parts used in the present invention can be purchased commercially, and special-shaped parts can be customized according to the description in the specification and drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt conventional means such as bolts, rivets, welding, etc. that are mature in the prior art. The machinery, parts and equipment all adopt conventional models in the prior art. In addition, the circuit connections adopt conventional connection methods in the prior art and will not be described in detail here. Any matters not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professionals in this field.

[0061] In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. "Multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0062] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0063] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0064] In the description of this specification, the reference terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0065] In the drawings of the embodiments disclosed in the present invention, only the structures related to the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are involved. Other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

Claims

1. A method for improving biogas production by anaerobic digestion of medicinal residues through multi-stage coordinated treatment, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: After the solid medicinal residue is crushed, it is sieved and classified to obtain medicinal residue crushed material; Adding crushed medicinal residues to water to form a mixture to be pretreated, and pretreating the mixture to be pretreated using ultrasound and electricity to obtain a pretreated mixture; adding Tween-80 modified iron foam to the pretreated mixture to form a fermentation mixture, and placing the fermentation mixture in a fermentation tank with a spatial magnetic field to perform anaerobic digestion; Collect biogas from the fermentation tank; The residue in the fermentation tank is collected, and the Tween-80 modified foam iron in the residue is recovered.

2. The method for improving biogas production by anaerobic digestion of medicinal residues through multi-stage coordinated treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the pretreatment of the mixture to be pretreated using ultrasound and electricity, the frequency of the ultrasound used for pretreatment is 40 kHz, the power is 100 W, and the treatment time is 30 minutes; the voltage intensity of the electricity used for pretreatment is 100 V / m, and the treatment time is 30 minutes.

3. The method for improving biogas production by anaerobic digestion of medicinal residues through multi-stage coordinated treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foamed iron with a porosity of 60 PPI is placed in a Tween-80 solution with a concentration of 8.3 g / L and a temperature of 60° C. for modification for 4 hours to obtain a modified product, and the modified product is placed in a drying oven at 60° C. to obtain the Tween-80 modified foamed iron.

4. The method for improving biogas production by anaerobic digestion of medicinal residues through multi-stage coordinated treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation mixture is placed in a fermentation tank with a spatial magnetic field, the spatial magnetic field is generated by a permanent magnet, the magnetic field strength is 14.4 mT, and the spatial magnetic field strength is adjusted based on the center of the fermentation tank. During anaerobic digestion, the fermentation temperature in the fermentation tank is 35±1°C, stirring is performed once every 8 hours during the fermentation process, and the amount of Tween-80 modified foam iron added to the fermentation tank is 2.9 g / L.

5. A device for multi-stage coordinated treatment to improve biogas production from anaerobic digestion of medicinal residues, characterized in that: A method for improving biogas production by anaerobic digestion of medicinal residues using the multi-stage coordinated treatment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: The medicinal residue crushing part is used for processing large medicinal residue (6) into crushed medicinal residue (8), comprising a medicinal residue crushing device housing (1), a medicinal residue crushing chamber (5) is provided inside the medicinal residue crushing device housing (1), a medicinal residue feed port (4) communicating with the medicinal residue crushing chamber (5) is provided on the medicinal residue crushing device housing (1), and a medicinal residue crushing assembly is provided on the medicinal residue crushing device housing (1); A pretreatment unit, for pretreatment of crushed medicinal residue (8), comprising a pretreatment device housing (14), a pretreatment chamber (15) being provided inside the pretreatment device housing (14), a pretreatment feed inlet (11) and a biogas slurry return inlet (13) being connected to the pretreatment device housing (14), and an ultrasonic treatment component and an electric treatment component being provided inside the pretreatment device housing (14); A fermentation section, used for fermentation to produce biogas, comprises a fermentation tank shell (24), an organic glass fermentation shell (20) connected to the fermentation tank shell (24), and a fermentation tank feed port (26) provided on the fermentation tank shell (24); the fermentation tank shell (24) is connected to a stirring assembly; the organic glass fermentation shell (20) is externally connected to a magnetic field generating assembly; the fermentation tank shell (24) is provided with a Tween-80 modified foam iron inlet and outlet (38); the organic glass fermentation shell (20) is filled with Tween-80 modified foam iron (25); the fermentation tank shell (24) is connected to a fermentation tank insulation circulating water outlet (33) and a fermentation tank insulation circulating water inlet (34); a circulating water insulation chamber (36) communicating with the fermentation tank insulation circulating water outlet (33) and the fermentation tank insulation circulating water inlet (34) is provided between the fermentation tank shell (24) and the organic glass fermentation shell (20); a heat preservation part for supplying heat to the fermentation part, comprising a circulating hot water tank (35) connected to the fermentation tank heat preservation circulating water outlet (33) and the fermentation tank heat preservation circulating water inlet (34); A gas collecting bag (32) is connected to a biogas outlet (31) provided on the fermentation tank shell (24) via a gas collecting pipe, and a switch (9) and a gas flow meter (39) are provided on the gas collecting pipe; A fermentation residue recovery section, used for collecting and separating fermentation residues, comprises a solid-liquid separation tank (37), wherein the solid-liquid separation tank (37) is connected to a solid-liquid separation screen (27) and a solid-liquid separator (28); A first pipe is connected between the medicinal residue crushing device housing (1) and the pretreatment feed port (11), and a switch (9) and a peristaltic pump (10) are connected to the first pipe; a second pipe is connected between the pretreatment device housing (14) and the fermentation tank feed port (26), and a switch (9) and a peristaltic pump (10) are connected to the second pipe; a third pipe is connected between the biogas slurry return inlet (13) and the solid-liquid separation tank (37), and a switch (9) and a peristaltic pump (10) are connected to the third pipe; a fourth pipe extending to the interior of the fermentation tank housing (24) is connected to the solid-liquid separator (28), and a switch (9) and a peristaltic pump (10) are connected to the fourth pipe.

6. The device for improving biogas production by anaerobic digestion of medicinal residues through multi-stage coordinated treatment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The medicinal residue pulverizing assembly comprises a pulverizing motor (3) connected to the medicinal residue pulverizing device housing (1) and a pulverizing connecting rod (2) connected to the output shaft of the pulverizing motor (3); the pulverizing connecting rod (2) extends into the interior of the medicinal residue pulverizing device housing (1), and a pulverizing blade (7) is connected to the pulverizing connecting rod (2).

7. The device for improving biogas production by anaerobic digestion of medicinal residues through multi-stage coordinated treatment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ultrasonic processing component includes an ultrasonic vibrator (17) plugged into the pretreatment device housing (14); the electric processing component includes an electric pretreatment and ultrasonic pretreatment power supply (12) connected to the pretreatment device housing (14) and an electric pretreatment anode (16) and an electric pretreatment cathode (18) plugged into the pretreatment device housing (14); the electric pretreatment anode (16) is located at the center of the pretreatment chamber (15); a plurality of electric pretreatment cathodes (18) are arranged at equal intervals around the electric pretreatment anode (16) and leave gaps between the electric pretreatment anode (16); and the ultrasonic vibrator (17) is located between the electric pretreatment anode (16) and the electric pretreatment cathode (18).

8. The device for improving biogas production by anaerobic digestion of medicinal residues through multi-stage coordinated treatment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The stirring assembly comprises a stirring motor (30) connected to the fermentation tank shell (24), a stirring connecting rod (21) connected to the end of the output shaft of the stirring motor (30), and a stirring blade (23) connected to the stirring connecting rod (21); the stirring connecting rod (21) and the stirring blade (23) are located inside the fermentation tank shell (24); the magnetic field generating assembly comprises an oblate permanent magnet (22) connected to the bottom of the organic glass fermentation shell (20) and a plurality of bar permanent magnets (19) connected to the side of the organic glass fermentation shell (20); and a magnetic field detection device (29) is connected to the fermentation tank shell (24).

Images