Hydroelectric power generation device capable of directly driving generator to act by potential energy change

Abstract

According to the hydroelectric generating device capable of directly driving the generator to do work through potential energy change, the mode of a conventional water turbine power generation system is thoroughly changed, a water turbine is not needed, the hydroelectric generating device capable of directly driving the generator to do work through potential energy change is achieved, the rectangular barrel can be filled with water, and therefore a high-pressure water supporting bucket water column is formed; potential energy change of the water column can drive the generator to do work; only potential energy changes in the whole operation process, so that the power generation process is low in noise and free of waterfall, and the problem of underwater replacement of the water turbine due to abrasion and cavitation erosion is solved; the bottom of the dam does not need to be provided with holes, so that the dam is high in strength, and about 20% of reinforced concrete can be saved; as the rectangular barrel and the water supporting bucket directly reach the bottom of the dam, energy is utilized completely, and the utilization rate or the generating capacity is about 33% higher than that of a conventional water turbine; a stator of the generator adopts copper-clad iron enameled wires, and coils are arranged in a crossed manner and are mutually laminated, so that the copper-clad iron coils in the generator not only can generate a magnetic field, but also can play a role in enhancing the magnetic field intensity like an iron core.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a hydroelectric power station, in particular to a hydroelectric power station in which potential energy changes directly drive a generator to perform work. Background Art

[0002] Hydropower is rapidly developing as a clean energy source. Currently, conventional hydroelectric generators convert water's gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy. The kinetic water then strikes a turbine, rotating it, which in turn drives a generator to generate power. China boasts abundant hydropower resources. For example, the Baihetan Hydropower Station, known as a "water money printer," intercepts the Jinsha River's water level, creating a water level drop exceeding 100 meters. This high drop in water level violently impacts the turbines, driving the generators to generate a massive amount of electricity. The Baihetan Hydropower Station generates an average annual power generation of 62.443 billion kilowatt-hours. However, this conventional setup presents several challenges. For one, the generators must be located below the water level, creating a risk of flooding. Furthermore, the investment required is substantial, and construction is difficult and inconvenient for installation and maintenance. This is because the turbines must be installed at the bottom of the dam to maximize energy utilization, and the generators connected to them are naturally also located below the water level. The Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest hydropower station, also features generators below the water level. The generators at the Baihetan Hydropower Station are located underground in the mountains on either side of the dam, resulting in a massive engineering effort and a long construction period. A second issue is incomplete utilization of the water's potential energy. This is because the turbines cannot be located too close to the bottom, otherwise both the turbines and the generators would be inundated during floods. Consequently, images of the Three Gorges, Baihetan, and Fengman Hydropower Stations show the turbine outlets located a significant distance from the dam's base. The Baihetan Hydropower Station's outlet is approximately one-third of the dam's total height, meaning approximately 33% of the energy is unutilized. A third issue is incomplete utilization of the water's kinetic energy. This is because the high-speed water flow through the turbines doesn't slow down much, retaining significant kinetic energy after exiting the turbines. This energy forms a jet and is wasted as it exits the dam. This is a characteristic of the turbine itself. Actual turbine efficiency tests have shown that turbines typically have an efficiency between 85% and 95%. Reducing the flow velocity at the turbine outlet is undoubtedly a key approach to improving efficiency. The fourth problem is that since the turbine outlet is in the lower middle section of the dam, the opening must also be at the bottom, reducing the dam's strength. Furthermore, the lower the dam is, the greater the pressure. Therefore, opening the opening at the bottom, where the pressure is high, will undoubtedly create a top-heavy situation. To ensure the dam's strength, the use of reinforced concrete must be increased, which dramatically increases investment and extends the construction period. Furthermore, the high-speed jet of water from the outlet can cause abrasive damage to the dam. The fifth problem is that the high-speed water flow erodes the turbine, causing wear and cavitation, thereby reducing its service life. Another important point is that the high-speed water jet forms water mist, which not only causes high-voltage leakage but can also short-circuit and corrode electrical components, posing a risk of electric shock to operators.The sixth problem is that debris in the water will inevitably impact the high-speed rotating turbine, causing the turbine to be scrapped. Also, since the turbine is located in the middle and lower part of the dam, it is very difficult to repair and replace it. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve the problems that the turbine generator needs to be installed below the water level, resulting in large investment, inconvenience in installation and maintenance, more than 33% of energy not being utilized, large investment due to holes in the dam body, and turbine wear and cavitation.

[0004] The present invention solves its technical problems by radically changing the model of conventional hydro-turbine power generation systems, eliminating the need for a hydro-turbine and instead relying on potential energy changes to directly drive the generator to generate power. Several rectangular cylinders are installed on the outer side of the dam, each open to the atmosphere at its bottom and top. These cylinders are cast integrally with the dam, not only storing water for generating power but also reinforcing the dam, reducing the amount of reinforced concrete required. The inner sides of these rectangular cylinders range in length from 0.6 to 5 meters, and their tops are connected to a diversion channel, which directs water from the dam into the rectangular cylinders. The water bucket is rectangular, with the same side length as the rectangular cylinder. A silicone sealing ring is fixed on the edge of each water bucket to prevent water leakage. The distance between the upper and lower water buckets is 1-6 meters. They are connected in series by two pulling ropes. One end of the water bucket is placed on the sprocket bracket, and the other end is inserted into the rectangular cylinder, inserted from the top and then passed through the bottom of the rectangular cylinder. Finally, the two ends are connected head to tail to form a large water bucket sprocket, and the lower part is suspended in the air (see Figure 1 ), forming a shape that can rotate around the sprocket bracket. The rectangular cylinder can be filled with water, forming a water column with a certain pressure; the sprocket bracket is composed of multiple rods inserted on the central axis. The edges of the rods can carry pulling ropes. A water bucket can be accommodated between two adjacent rods. Half of the water bucket extends deep into the rod. The length of the rod is 1-6 meters. When working, the gate is lifted, and water flows from the top of the dam along the water diversion channel into the rectangular cylinder. A series of water columns are formed between every two water buckets. The gravity of the water column forces the water bucket to drive the pulling rope downward, and then the pulling rope drives the sprocket bracket to rotate. Finally, the sprocket bracket drives the generator to work through the bracket shaft, and the water column finally flows slowly out from the bottom of the rectangular cylinder. The entire operation process involves only potential energy changes, eliminating the energy waste associated with hydraulic turbines. This results in approximately 7% higher power generation efficiency than conventional turbines. The entire process is quiet and silent, with no water jets impacting the turbine or the dam, thus preventing turbine wear and cavitation. Furthermore, the lack of water mist prevents electrical components from short-circuiting, and poses no electric shock risk to operators. Furthermore, because the rectangular cylinder and water scoop reach directly to the bottom of the dam, energy utilization is fully utilized, achieving a utilization rate approximately 33% higher than conventional turbines.

[0005] The stator of the generator of the present invention utilizes coils made of copper-clad iron enameled wire. Tests used coils containing 21% copper. The coils are arranged crosswise and overlapped with each other. The purpose is to allow the three-phase X, Y, and Z coils to mutually enhance the magnetic field, acting as electromagnets, thereby eliminating the need for an iron core. Specifically, the Y coil is positioned to press against one-third of the X coil, and the Z coil is positioned to press against one-third of the Y coil and two-thirds of the X coil. The coils are bonded and reinforced with epoxy resin. In this way, the copper-clad iron coils in the generator not only generate a magnetic field but also act like an iron core, enhancing the magnetic field strength. The cost per ton is only about one-quarter that of pure copper coils. The copper-clad iron coils act as conductors when energized and act like an iron core to enhance the magnetic field strength, whether energized or not. This significantly saves expensive copper and eliminates the iron core, which accounts for approximately 70% of the motor's weight, resulting in significant financial savings. The reduced overall weight of the generator facilitates installation and maintenance. When the rotor rotates the magnets, the magnetic lines of force from the magnets cut through the stator coils, generating current. When the X coil generates current, it also generates a magnetic field, which acts on the adjacent half of the Y coil and half of the Z coil. Because the coils contain 79% iron, the X and Y coils, when affected by the magnetic field, strengthen it, acting like an iron core. Regardless of which two sets of coils (X, Y, or Z) are energized, they provide a magnetic field to the adjacent coils. The adjacent coils that receive the magnetic field naturally strengthen the magnetic field, significantly increasing the power generation capacity.

[0006] Resistance tests compared a copper coil, an iron coil, and a copper-clad iron coil, all 10 meters long, with a diameter of 1 mm. The results showed that the copper coil had a resistance of 0.22 ohms, the iron coil had a resistance of 1.27 ohms, and the copper-clad iron coil had a resistance of 0.55 ohms (see Table 1). Currently, the market price of copper is around 75,000 yuan per ton, while the price of iron is around 5,500 yuan, a price difference of 13.6 times. The copper-clad iron coil used in the present invention, which contains 21% copper and has a conductivity of 40% of pure copper, costs only 27% of the copper coil. Due to the skin effect, the current in the wire is primarily concentrated on the surface of the wire, making the copper-clad iron coil more cost-effective than the pure copper coil.

[0007] Table 1

[0008] Sample name Diameter (mm) Length m Resistance (ohms) Cost per ton (yuan) Iron coil 1 10 1.27 3,000 Copper coil 1 10 0.22 88，840 Copper clad iron coil (21% copper) 1 10 0.55 19，000 Copper clad iron coil (30% copper) 1 10 0.48 28，000

[0009] This test result shows that the conductivity of a copper-clad iron coil with a copper content of 21% is about 40% of pure copper. Although it is lower than pure copper, the cost is only about 22% of the copper coil. Since the iron core, which accounts for about 70% of the stator's weight or volume, is eliminated and the volume of the iron core is replaced by the copper-clad iron coil, the total conductivity is close to or even higher than that of pure copper coil, while the cost is significantly lower than pure copper. For the same conductivity, its total cost is only about 50% of that of pure copper coil, which saves significant money.

[0010] The present invention adopts a structure in which copper-clad iron coils are arranged crosswise and overlapped with each other. The magnetic lines of force generated by the coils X, Y, and Z are not aligned with the central axis, but deviate from it by about 10-30 degrees. Then the magnetic lines of force generated also deviate from it by 10-30 degrees. Therefore, the magnetic lines of force of the magnet used in the present invention also deviate from it by 10-30 degrees, or in other words, the magnetic lines of force form an angle of 60-80 degrees with the plane of the magnet.

[0011] Beneficial effects: The present invention completely changes the mode of conventional turbine power generation system. It does not require a turbine, but relies on potential energy changes to directly drive the generator to work. The water is stationary during the entire operation process and does not generate impact water flow. The generator is driven to work by the change of potential energy. Since there is no jet water, the power generation efficiency can be increased by 5-9%. The entire operation process is low-noise, no waterfall, and there is no jet water impacting the turbine and dam, thereby avoiding turbine wear and cavitation. Electrical components will not be short-circuited due to water mist, and there is no electric shock problem for operators. It can save about 20% of reinforced concrete usage; and since the rectangular cylinder and the water bucket reach the bottom of the dam directly, the energy is fully utilized, and the utilization rate is about 33% higher than that of conventional turbines. In addition, the eliminated jet water consumes 5-9% of the energy, and the total power generation rate can be increased by about 40%, while the cost is reduced by 20%. The staggered arrangement of copper-clad iron coils in a generator not only allows for electrical conduction but also acts like an iron core to enhance magnetic field strength, saving both the iron core and a significant amount of copper. While maintaining conductivity comparable to copper coils, the overall volume is slightly smaller, significantly reducing the cost per ton. The potential savings for even a medium-sized or large hydroelectric power station alone can be substantial. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0013] Figure 1 It is a front structural view of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 2 This invention Figure 1 A top view of

[0015] Figure 3 It is the front and side view of the sprocket bracket, reflecting the structural schematic of the sprocket bracket. This figure is divided into two figures on the left and right;

[0016] exist Figure 1-3 Middle: 1. Dam top, 2. Rectangular cylinder, 3. Water support bucket, 4. Silicone seal, 5. Pull rope, 6. Sprocket bracket, 7. Bracket shaft, 8. Speed change and transmission, 9. Generator, 10. Diversion channel, 11. Gate, 12. Dam bottom;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a structural layout diagram of the generator stator three-phase coils X, Y, and Z after they are assembled and then unfolded. It reflects the relative positions of the three-phase coils X, Y, and Z. That is, the X, Y, and Z lines are arranged in a staggered manner. The position of the Y coil presses down on 1 / 3 of the X coil, and the position of the Z coil presses down on 2 / 3 of the X coil, and at the same time presses down on 1 / 3 of the Y coil. In this way, the X, Y, and Z three-phase coils overlap with each other and are arranged in a staggered state. This achieves the purpose of the copper-clad iron coil not only conducting electricity and generating a magnetic field, but also acting as an iron core to enhance the magnetic field strength.

[0018] Figure 5 The following is a structural layout diagram of the three-phase stator coils X, Y, and Z of the generator of the present invention after they are expanded separately. The figure is divided into three small figures: the upper figure shows the structural layout diagram of the Z coil after it is expanded separately, the middle figure shows the structural layout diagram of the Y coil after it is expanded separately, and the lower figure shows the structural layout diagram of the X coil after it is expanded separately. The reason why the separate expansion diagrams of the coils X, Y, and Z are given separately is to reflect the Figure 4 After superposition, the structure is arranged in a staggered manner.

[0019] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the generator cross section;

[0020] Figure 7 This is a view of the generator rotor, which shows that the magnetic lines of force of the magnet are not perpendicular to the magnet plane, but are at an angle of 10 degrees to 30 degrees to the vertical line.

[0021] exist Figure 4-7 Middle: 9-01X coil, 9-02Y coil, 9-03Z coil, 9-04 magnet, 9-05 direction of magnetic lines of force, 9-06 rotor core. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] For example, see the accompanying figure. A hydroelectric generator is designed to directly generate power through potential energy changes. Several rectangular cylinders are installed on the outer side of a dam. The bottom and top of each rectangular cylinder are open to the atmosphere. The top of each rectangular cylinder is connected to a water diversion channel, which directs water from the dam into the rectangular cylinder. The water scoops are rectangular, with sides measuring 1 meter. A silicone seal is fixed to the edge of each scoop. The scoops are spaced 1.2 meters apart and connected in series by two pull ropes. One end of the scoops rests on a sprocket bracket, while the other end extends into the rectangular cylinder, entering from the top and exiting from the bottom. Finally, the two ends are connected end to end, forming a large scoop sprocket, with the bottom suspended in the air, allowing it to rotate around the sprocket bracket. The rectangular cylinder can be filled with water, forming multiple columns of water connected in series. The potential energy changes in these columns drive the generator to generate power. During operation, the gate is lifted, and water flows from the dam along the water diversion channel into the rectangular shell, forming a water column. The pressure of the water column forces the water bucket to drive the pull rope downward, which drives the sprocket bracket to rotate. The sprocket bracket then drives the generator through the bracket shaft to produce work. The generator of the present invention has a stator with copper-clad iron coils arranged crosswise and stacked on each other. The X, Y, and Z wires of the coils act as mutually reinforcing electromagnets, thereby eliminating the need for an iron core. That is, the position of the Y coil presses on 1 / 3 of the X coil, and the position of the Z coil presses on 2 / 3 of the X coil. At the same time, the Y coil is pressed on 1 / 3 of the Y coil, and the coils are reinforced with epoxy resin. In this way, the copper-clad iron coil in the generator not only conducts electricity, but also acts like an iron core to enhance the magnetic field strength. When the X coil generates current, it also generates a magnetic field. The magnetic field acts on half of the Y coil and half of the Z coil inside the X coil. The iron element in the coil acts like an iron core to enhance the magnetic field strength. The magnetic field lines of the enhanced magnetic field are at an angle of 70-80 degrees to the plane of the magnet.

Claims

1. A hydroelectric power generation device in which the potential energy change directly drives the generator to perform work, which is characterized by: A plurality of rectangular cylinders (2) are provided on the outer side of the dam. The bottom and top of the rectangular cylinders (2) are open to the atmosphere. The top of the rectangular cylinders (2) is connected to a water diversion channel (10). Water in the dam is diverted into the rectangular cylinders (2) through the water diversion channel (10). The water hoppers (3) are rectangular. A silicone sealing ring (4) is fixed to the edge of each water hopper (3). The hoppers (3) are connected in series in parallel by two pulling ropes (5) to form a string. One end of the water hoppers (3) is placed on a sprocket bracket (6), and the other end extends into the rectangular cylinder (2). The rectangular cylinder (2) is provided with a plurality of sprockets (3) and a plurality of sprockets (6) connected at the ends thereof, and the sprockets (3) are connected at the ends thereof. The sprockets (3) are formed so as to form a sprocket. The lower part of the sprockets (3) is suspended in the air and can rotate around the sprocket bracket (6). The rectangular cylinder (2) can be filled with water, and the potential energy of the water column drives the generator to do work. When the gate (11) is lifted, water flows from the top of the dam (1) along the water diversion channel (10) into the rectangular cylinder (2). A water column connected in series is formed between every two water hoppers (3). The pressure of the water column forces the water hoppers (3) to drive the traction The pull rope (5) moves downward, and the pull rope (5) drives the sprocket bracket (6) to rotate, and the sprocket bracket (6) then drives the generator (9) to do work through the bracket shaft (7); the stator of the generator (9) adopts copper-clad iron coils arranged crosswise and superimposed on each other, and the X, Y, and Z wires of the coils are mutually reinforced electromagnets, thereby eliminating the iron core, that is, the position of the Y coil (9-02) presses 1 / 3 of the X coil (9-01), the position of the Z coil (9-03) presses 2 / 3 of the X coil (9-01), and at the same time presses the Y coil ( 9-02) at 1 / 3, so that the copper-clad iron coil in the generator (9) can not only conduct electricity and generate a magnetic field, but also play the role of an iron core to enhance the strength of the magnetic field; when the X coil (9-01) generates current, it also generates a magnetic field, and the magnetic field acts on half of the Y coil (9-02) and half of the Z coil (9-03) inside the X coil (9-01). The iron element in the coil plays the role of an iron core to increase the strength of the magnetic field, and the magnetic lines of force (9-05) form an angle of 70-80 degrees with the plane of the magnet (9-04).

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