Multi-layer nested energy absorption protection structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of structure passive safety protection, and discloses a multilayer nested energy absorption protection structure which comprises a protection mechanism, an energy absorption mechanism is installed in the protection mechanism, the protection mechanism comprises an upper end cover, and an energy absorption structure body is fixedly connected to the bottom of the upper end cover. The bottom of the energy absorption structure body is fixedly connected with a lower end cover, the energy absorption mechanism comprises an outer-ring energy absorption layer, the outer portion of the outer-ring energy absorption layer is installed in the energy absorption structure body, a middle-ring energy absorption layer is arranged in the outer-ring energy absorption layer, an inner-ring energy absorption layer is arranged in the middle-ring energy absorption layer, and the inner-ring energy absorption layer is arranged in the inner-ring energy absorption layer. The inner ring energy absorption layer comprises a novel face system lattice structure, and hexagonal vertex strengthening type hierarchical honeycomb structures are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the novel face system lattice structure. According to the invention, the advantages of the three-layer structure are complementary, and efficient and stable energy absorption is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of passive structural safety protection, and in particular to a multi-layer nested energy-absorbing protection structure. Background Art

[0002] Energy-absorbing protective structure is a device that dissipates impact energy through material deformation or structural damage. It has been widely used in safety protection systems of various types of transportation equipment such as automobiles, aerospace, and military protection. In terms of automobile collision safety, when a vehicle collides, multi-layer nested energy-absorbing protective structure can be installed on the front and rear bumpers, doors and other parts of the vehicle. At the moment of collision, its multi-layer energy-absorbing layers gradually absorb and dissipate the collision energy through different deformation modes and energy absorption mechanisms, reducing the damage caused by the collision force to the driver and passengers; in the landing gear and key parts of the fuselage of aerospace aircraft, facing take-off and landing impacts and accidental collisions, this structure can effectively absorb energy, protect the integrity of the aircraft structure and the safety of personnel. In addition, the use of this structure at the connection between the front and carriages of high-speed trains can also absorb and cushion the impact force when the train collides or emergency brakes, thereby reducing the damage caused by the accident.

[0003] Traditional energy-absorbing structures mostly use thin-walled metal tubes (which dissipate energy through axial compression) and foamed aluminum (which absorbs energy through the collapse of porous structures). Although they can absorb impact energy to a certain extent, they are prone to problems such as uneven deformation, unstable energy absorption, low energy absorption efficiency, and poor multi-angle load-bearing capacity during impact collisions, making it difficult to meet the safety protection needs of complete equipment and drivers and passengers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-layer nested energy-absorbing protection structure, which can solve the problem that some energy-absorbing structures in the prior art are prone to uneven deformation during impact and collision.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A multi-layer nested energy-absorbing protective structure comprises a protective mechanism, wherein an energy-absorbing mechanism is installed inside the protective mechanism;

[0007] The protection mechanism comprises an upper end cover, the bottom of the upper end cover is fixedly connected to an energy absorbing structure body, and the bottom of the energy absorbing structure body is fixedly connected to a lower end cover.

[0008] Preferably, the energy absorbing mechanism includes an outer ring energy absorbing layer, the outer portion of the outer ring energy absorbing layer is installed inside the energy absorbing structure body, the inner portion of the outer ring energy absorbing layer is provided with a middle ring energy absorbing layer, and the inner portion of the middle ring energy absorbing layer is provided with an inner ring energy absorbing layer.

[0009] Preferably, the inner ring energy-absorbing layer includes a new type of faceted lattice structure, and both upper and lower ends of the new type of faceted lattice structure are provided with a hexagonal vertex-reinforced hierarchical honeycomb structure.

[0010] Preferably, the inner diameter of the energy absorbing structure body is adapted to the outer diameter of the outer ring energy absorbing layer, the inner diameter of the outer ring energy absorbing layer is adapted to the outer diameter of the middle ring energy absorbing layer, and the inner diameter of the middle ring energy absorbing layer is adapted to the outer diameter of the inner ring energy absorbing layer.

[0011] Preferably, the hexagonal vertex-reinforced hierarchical honeycomb structure is a honeycomb structure formed by performing vertex reinforcement and hierarchical design on the basis of a traditional hexagonal honeycomb.

[0012] Preferably, the middle energy absorbing layer is a cylindrical energy absorbing layer formed by stretching and bending a hexagonal chiral negative Poisson's ratio composite honeycomb, and the middle energy absorbing layer is provided with a reinforcement circle at the vertex of the traditional hexagonal honeycomb.

[0013] Preferably, the novel face-based lattice structure is composed of two upper and lower equal-diameter staggered hexagons and a small hexagon concentrically staggered with the lower hexagon as a structural framework, and each vertex is interconnected to form a face-based lattice structure.

[0014] Preferably, the energy absorbing structure body is in the shape of an octagonal stretched thin-walled prism structure, and rectangular induction grooves are provided inside the energy absorbing structure body.

[0015] Preferably, the outer ring energy absorbing layer is formed by a plurality of circles and hexagons connected by vertices, and the material of the outer ring energy absorbing layer is aluminum alloy.

[0016] Preferably, the material of the middle ring energy absorption layer is aluminum alloy, and the material of the hexagonal vertex reinforced hierarchical honeycomb structure is aluminum alloy.

[0017] The present invention provides a multi-layer nested energy-absorbing protective structure. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. In the present invention, the multi-layer nested energy-absorbing protection structure consists of three radially distributed energy-absorbing layers. The hierarchical honeycomb in the inner circle has high load-bearing and crashworthiness and can absorb energy efficiently and uniformly. The new surface lattice structure improves energy absorption efficiency by inducing folding deformation through plastic hinges. The two work together to reduce the peak collision force. The middle circle hexagonal chiral negative Poisson's ratio composite honeycomb energy-absorbing layer utilizes the chirality and negative Poisson's ratio characteristics to stabilize energy absorption. The outer circle new negative Poisson's ratio rod lattice structure bends and deforms when the rods are squeezed, and the structure tightens and contracts, resulting in excellent and stable energy absorption. The three-layer structure complements each other's advantages to achieve efficient and stable energy absorption.

[0019] 2. In the present invention, when the multi-layer nested energy-absorbing protective structure is squeezed, the inner layer honeycomb gradually folds, the surface lattice structure induces folding due to the plastic hinge, and the deformation is uniform; the middle honeycomb energy-absorbing layer and the outer rod lattice structure are tightened and contracted toward the middle due to the negative Poisson's ratio effect, and the overall structure is compacted layer by layer, and the deformation mode is stable. The negative Poisson's ratio of the middle and outer energy-absorbing layers and the rod structure characteristics disperse the energy into the structural deformation, and the buffering effect is excellent. At the same time, due to the low overall density, the middle and outer ring structures and the inner ring layered filling design can effectively absorb vibration waves in all directions, thereby achieving a vibration reduction effect.

[0020] 3. In the present invention, the main body is made of lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy, and the internal honeycomb, surface system and rod system lattice structures are thin-walled and porous structures, which together give the overall excellent lightweight level. The hierarchical and negative Poisson's ratio design of the honeycomb structure, the surface-to-surface contact form of the surface system lattice, and the cross-support negative Poisson's ratio characteristics of the rod system lattice respectively bring good structural performance, high contact strength and structural stability. The combination of material advantages and structural characteristics gives the energy-absorbing structure mechanical properties.

[0021] 4. In the present invention, when the multi-layer nested energy-absorbing protective structure is impacted, the inner middle layer is deformed first due to its low lattice structure stiffness. The middle and outer energy-absorbing layers are less stiff than the inner layer honeycomb and also deform and consume energy at the same time. When the deformation reaches a certain degree, the inner layer honeycomb begins to absorb energy. This layer-by-layer progressive deformation mode realizes progressive energy absorption, prolongs the impact transmission time, and effectively alleviates the impact of collision shock on equipment and personnel.

[0022] 5. In the present invention, the multi-layer nested energy-absorbing protection structure can not only effectively withstand axial loads, but its outer ring rod lattice structure and the middle ring negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb energy-absorbing layer also have the ability to withstand non-axial loads. In addition, each layer of the energy-absorbing structure adopts a radial distribution design. Compared with the axial distribution, the energy absorption characteristics are better in non-axial collisions. Therefore, compared with traditional energy-absorbing structures, it has stronger adaptability under multi-angle impacts and is more in line with actual working conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multi-layer nested energy absorption structure;

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the multi-layer nested energy absorption structure;

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a hierarchical honeycomb structure based on hexagonal vertex reinforcement;

[0026] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the construction process of the new face-based lattice cell structure;

[0027] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the new face lattice structure;

[0028] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of hexagonal chiral negative Poisson's ratio composite honeycomb structure;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the construction process of the middle circle energy absorption layer;

[0030] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the new negative Poisson's ratio rod lattice cell structure;

[0031] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the new negative Poisson's ratio rod lattice structure.

[0032] Legend:

[0033] Among them, 1. Protection mechanism; 101. Upper end cover; 102. Energy-absorbing structure body; 103. Lower end cover; 2. Energy-absorbing mechanism; 201. Outer circle energy-absorbing layer; 202. Middle circle energy-absorbing layer; 203. Inner circle energy-absorbing layer; 204. New face lattice structure; 205. Hexagonal vertex-reinforced hierarchical honeycomb structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the present specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Please see the attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-layer nested energy absorbing protection structure, comprising a protection mechanism 1, an energy absorbing mechanism 2 is installed inside the protection mechanism 1;

[0036] Please see the attached Figure 1 The protective mechanism 1 includes an upper end cover 101, the bottom of which is fixedly connected to an energy-absorbing structural body 102. The energy-absorbing structural body 102 is an octagonal stretched thin-walled prism structure with a rectangular induction groove inside. Its function is to provide a support frame for the internal energy-absorbing layer. The induction groove can guide the structure to deform in a preset direction so that the impact energy can be absorbed by the internal energy-absorbing layer in an orderly manner, while enhancing the overall stability and impact resistance of the structure. The bottom of the energy-absorbing structural body 102 is fixedly connected to a lower end cover 103. The lower end cover 103 and the upper end cover 101 form a fixed portion for the energy-absorbing structural body 102, bearing and dispersing the energy transmitted during the energy absorption process, ensuring that the entire energy-absorbing protective structure remains stable during the impact process, and preventing the structure from being deflected or damaged due to uneven force.

[0037] Specifically, the upper end cover 10 serves as the initial bearing component of the impact load. Its planar structure can evenly distribute the external impact force. Through the fixed connection between the bottom and the energy-absorbing structure body 102, the impact force is stably transmitted to the internal energy-absorbing layer, providing a reliable force transmission starting point for the entire energy-absorbing process, avoiding local stress concentration caused by uneven force. The energy-absorbing structure body 102 adopts an octagonal stretched thin-walled prism structure. The multi-directional symmetrical design of the octagon enables it to have a balanced load-bearing capacity in all directions, which can effectively disperse the impact loads from different angles; the rectangular induction groove opened inside passes through the preset weak area, guiding the structure to gradually deform in a specific direction when impacted, avoiding disorder Collapse, ensuring that the impact energy is gradually transmitted to the inner ring energy absorption layer according to the designed path. At the same time, the rigid frame of the thin-walled prism provides a stable installation carrier for the three-layer energy absorption layer, enhancing the torsion and bending resistance of the overall structure. The lower end cover 103 and the upper end cover 101 form an upper and lower clamping structure, which fixes the axial position of the energy absorption structure body 102 through a rigid connection. During the energy absorption process, it withstands the residual energy transmitted from the bottom layer and evenly diffuses the energy to the supporting surface through its own rigid plane to prevent the structure from tilting or flipping due to bottom instability. At the same time, it forms a closed-loop support system together with the upper end cover to ensure that the three-layer energy absorption layer maintains coaxial movement during nested deformation, avoiding the decrease in energy absorption efficiency caused by radial offset.

[0038] Please see the attached Figure 2 To the attached Figure 4 The energy-absorbing mechanism 2 includes an outer ring energy-absorbing layer 201. When under pressure, the vertex deforms first, driving the rod to bend, and the structure as a whole is tightened and contracted. The negative Poisson's ratio effect and the cross-support of the rod system are used to disperse multi-directional loads, which can effectively absorb impact energy, improve energy absorption stability, and withstand multi-directional loads at the same time, making up for the defect of the single bearing form of the traditional structure. The outside of the outer ring energy-absorbing layer 201 is installed inside the energy-absorbing structure body 102, and the inside of the outer ring energy-absorbing layer 201 is provided with a middle ring energy-absorbing layer 202. The middle ring energy-absorbing layer 202 exerts the chiral winding and negative Poisson's ratio contraction characteristics. When it winds and contracts toward the center, it improves the bearing capacity by reinforcing the circle, can absorb non-axial impact energy, and has good buffering and vibration reduction. Effect, enhances the adaptability of the structure to multi-angle impacts, an inner circle energy absorption layer 203 is arranged inside the middle circle energy absorption layer 202, and the inner circle energy absorption layer 203 includes a new surface lattice structure 204. The new surface lattice structure 204 is deformed first due to its low stiffness, and more plastic hinges inside induce folding energy absorption, reduce peak force, make deformation uniform, and improve overall energy absorption efficiency. The upper and lower ends of the new surface lattice structure 204 are provided with a hexagonal vertex reinforced hierarchical honeycomb structure 205. After the new surface lattice structure 204 is deformed, it dissipates energy through the hierarchically designed honeycomb wall panels folded layer by layer, has high load-bearing capacity and collision resistance, and can efficiently and evenly absorb collision impact energy.

[0039] Specifically, the three-layer structure not only achieves efficient absorption and stable transmission of impact energy through a progressive energy absorption path, but also solves the problems of uneven deformation, low energy absorption efficiency, and weak multi-angle adaptability of traditional energy absorption structures through the synergistic effect of multiple structures such as negative Poisson's ratio, chirality, and hierarchical honeycomb.

[0040] Please see the attached Figure 5 To the attached Figure 7 The inner diameter of the energy-absorbing structure body 102 is adapted to the outer diameter of the outer ring energy-absorbing layer 201, ensuring that the outer ring energy-absorbing layer 201 can fit tightly inside the energy-absorbing structure body 102, so that the impact force is smoothly transmitted from the protective mechanism 1 to the outer ring energy-absorbing layer 201, avoiding energy loss due to gaps during the transmission process, and at the same time ensuring the overall stability of the structure, preventing the outer ring energy-absorbing layer 201 from displacement or shaking when subjected to force. The inner diameter of the outer ring energy-absorbing layer 201 is adapted to the outer diameter of the middle ring energy-absorbing layer 202, which can evenly transfer energy to the middle ring energy-absorbing layer 202 and give full play to the synergistic effect of the two-layer energy-absorbing structure. The middle energy-absorbing layer 202 can promptly respond to the deformation of the outer energy-absorbing layer 201, further enhancing the energy-absorbing effect and improving the structure's absorption efficiency of impact energy. The inner diameter of the middle energy-absorbing layer 202 is adapted to the outer diameter of the inner energy-absorbing layer 203, ensuring that when the middle energy-absorbing layer 202 absorbs energy and deforms, it can effectively transfer the remaining energy to the inner energy-absorbing layer 203, so that the inner energy-absorbing layer 203 participates in the energy absorption process. Through this close fit, the three-layer energy-absorbing structure achieves progressive energy absorption and dispersion, enhancing the overall energy absorption performance of the protective structure. The hexagonal vertex-reinforced hierarchical honeycomb structure 205 is a traditional hexagonal honeycomb structure with vertex reinforcement and a hierarchical design. The vertex reinforcement increases the structure's load-bearing capacity, enabling it to withstand greater impact forces. The hierarchical design enables the honeycomb wall panels to fold layer by layer when under pressure, prolonging the energy absorption process and improving energy absorption efficiency. It also better adapts to impact loads from different directions. The central energy-absorbing layer 202 is a cylindrical energy-absorbing layer formed by stretching and bending a hexagonal chiral negative Poisson's ratio composite honeycomb. The central energy-absorbing layer 202 features reinforcement circles at the vertices of the traditional hexagonal honeycomb. The chiral negative Poisson's ratio causes it to curl and contract toward the center when impacted. This contraction effectively absorbs non-axial impact energy and enhances the structure's adaptability to multi-angle impacts. The reinforcement circles at the vertices further enhance the structure's load-bearing capacity, ensuring stability during the curling and contraction process and enhancing its energy absorption performance.

[0041] Specifically, the inner diameter of the energy absorbing structure main body 102 is precisely matched with the outer diameter of the outer ring energy absorbing layer 201, so that the outer ring energy absorbing layer 201 is tightly fitted inside the energy absorbing structure main body 102, and the impact force received by the protective mechanism 1 is transmitted to the outer ring energy absorbing layer 201 without loss, while ensuring the overall stability of the structure and preventing the outer ring energy absorbing layer 201 from being displaced by force. The inner diameter of the outer ring energy absorbing layer 201 is matched with the outer diameter of the middle ring energy absorbing layer 202 to ensure uniform energy transmission. The two cooperate to play an energy absorbing role, and the middle ring energy absorbing layer 202 responds to the deformation of the outer ring in time to further improve the energy absorption effect. The outer diameter adaptation of the energy-absorbing layer 203 enables the inner circle energy-absorbing layer 203 to participate in the energy absorption. The three-layer energy-absorbing structure realizes step-by-step absorption and dispersion of energy by virtue of its close adaptation relationship. Among them, the hexagonal vertex-reinforced hierarchical honeycomb structure 205 increases the load-bearing capacity, prolongs the energy absorption process, improves the absorption efficiency and adapts to multi-directional impacts through vertex reinforcement and hierarchical design; the middle circle energy-absorbing layer 202 is a cylindrical energy-absorbing layer formed by stretching and bending a hexagonal chiral negative Poisson's ratio composite honeycomb. It uses the chiral negative Poisson's ratio characteristics to wrap and shrink to absorb non-axial impact energy, and the vertex reinforcement circle ensures its stability during shrinkage.

[0042] Please see the attached Figure 7 To the attached Figure 9The new face lattice structure 204 is composed of two hexagons with equal diameters offset from top to bottom and a small hexagon that is concentrically offset with the lower hexagon as the structural framework. The vertices are interconnected to form a face lattice structure. When the new face lattice structure 204 is impacted, it will deform first and absorb energy through the internal plastic hinge-induced folding. This deformation method can effectively disperse the impact force, reduce the peak force, and make the deformation of the entire structure more uniform, thereby improving the energy absorption efficiency and protecting the internal objects from damage caused by excessive impact force. The shape of the energy-absorbing structure body 102 is an octagonal stretched thin-walled prism structure. The octagonal cross-sectional shape gives the structure better bearing capacity in all directions. Compared with traditional quadrilateral or circular structures, it can better disperse the impact force, reduce local stress concentration, and improve the structure's deformation resistance. The interior of the energy-absorbing structure body 102 is provided with rectangular induction grooves. When the impact force acts on the structure, the material at the induction grooves will deform first, thereby controlling the deformation path of the entire structure and allowing the structure to be orderly. The outer ring energy-absorbing layer 201 is composed of multiple circles and hexagons connected by vertices. The material of the outer ring energy-absorbing layer 201 is aluminum alloy. The circular structure can evenly disperse stress when under pressure, and the hexagonal structure provides higher rigidity and stability. The two are connected by vertices to form a whole, which can effectively absorb and disperse impact energy. The material of the middle ring energy-absorbing layer 202 is aluminum alloy, and the material of the hexagonal vertex reinforced hierarchical honeycomb structure 205 is aluminum alloy. Aluminum alloy has the characteristics of light weight and high strength. While ensuring that the structure has sufficient strength and rigidity, it can significantly reduce the weight of the structure.

[0043] Specifically, the novel faceted lattice structure 204, with its unique framework of vertically and horizontally offset hexagons of equal diameter and concentrically offset smaller hexagons, deforms first upon impact. Internal plastic hinges induce folding to absorb energy, dispersing impact forces and reducing peak forces. This uniform deformation improves energy absorption efficiency and provides basic protection. The energy-absorbing structural body 102, an octagonal, stretched thin-walled prism structure, effectively disperses impact forces and reduces stress concentration. Internal rectangular induction grooves precisely control the deformation path, enhancing structural reliability. The outer energy-absorbing layer 201, formed by connecting circular and hexagonal vertices, is constructed of aluminum alloy, combining the properties of circular uniform stress distribution and hexagonal rigidity to efficiently absorb and disperse impact energy. The middle energy-absorbing layer 202 and the hexagonal vertex-reinforced hierarchical honeycomb structure 205 are also made of lightweight, high-strength aluminum alloy, effectively absorbing and dispersing impact energy, reducing peak forces and controlling the deformation path.

[0044] Working principle: When impacted, the middle layer of the new surface lattice structure 204 of the inner energy-absorbing layer 203 is deformed first due to its low stiffness, and its internal plastic hinge induces folding to absorb energy. The upper and lower hexagonal vertex-reinforced hierarchical honeycomb structures 205 are then gradually crushed, and the energy is dissipated by folding layer by layer through the hierarchically designed honeycomb wall panels; the hexagonal chiral negative Poisson's ratio composite honeycomb structure of the middle energy-absorbing layer 202 exerts the chiral winding and negative Poisson's ratio contraction characteristics, and while winding and contracting toward the center, it improves the load-bearing capacity through the vertex reinforcement circle to absorb non- Axial impact energy; the negative Poisson's ratio rod lattice structure of the outer ring energy-absorbing layer 201 deforms first at the vertex when under pressure, driving the rods to bend and tighten and shrink as a whole. The cross-support of the rods and the negative Poisson's ratio effect are used to disperse multi-directional loads. The middle layer of the inner ring starts first, and the middle and outer layers respond synchronously. Finally, the upper and lower honeycomb layers of the inner ring absorb energy through compression. Each layer dissipates energy through mechanisms such as folding deformation, winding contraction, and rod bending. Combined with the lightweight and high-strength characteristics of aluminum alloy, efficient and stable energy absorption, uniform deformation and multi-angle impact adaptability are achieved.

[0045] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-layer nested energy-absorbing protective structure, comprising a protective mechanism (1), characterized in that: An energy absorbing mechanism (2) is installed inside the protection mechanism (1); The protection mechanism (1) comprises an upper end cover (101), the bottom of the upper end cover (101) is fixedly connected to an energy absorbing structure body (102), and the bottom of the energy absorbing structure body (102) is fixedly connected to a lower end cover (103).

2. The multi-layer nested energy-absorbing protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy absorbing mechanism (2) comprises an outer ring energy absorbing layer (201), the outer portion of the outer ring energy absorbing layer (201) is mounted inside the energy absorbing structure main body (102), a middle ring energy absorbing layer (202) is arranged inside the outer ring energy absorbing layer (201), and an inner ring energy absorbing layer (203) is arranged inside the middle ring energy absorbing layer (202).

3. The multi-layer nested energy-absorbing protective structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner ring energy absorption layer (203) comprises a novel faceted lattice structure (204), and the upper and lower ends of the novel faceted lattice structure (204) are both provided with a hexagonal vertex-reinforced hierarchical honeycomb structure (205).

4. The multi-layer nested energy-absorbing protective structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the energy absorbing structure main body (102) is adapted to the outer diameter of the outer ring energy absorbing layer (201), the inner diameter of the outer ring energy absorbing layer (201) is adapted to the outer diameter of the middle ring energy absorbing layer (202), and the inner diameter of the middle ring energy absorbing layer (202) is adapted to the outer diameter of the inner ring energy absorbing layer (203).

5. The multi-layer nested energy absorbing protective structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The hexagonal vertex-reinforced hierarchical honeycomb structure (205) is a honeycomb structure formed by performing vertex reinforcement and hierarchical design on the basis of a traditional hexagonal honeycomb.

6. The multi-layer nested energy absorbing protective structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The middle circle energy absorption layer (202) is a cylindrical energy absorption layer formed by stretching and bending a hexagonal chiral negative Poisson's ratio composite honeycomb, and the middle circle energy absorption layer (202) is provided with a reinforcement circle at the vertex of a traditional hexagonal honeycomb.

7. The multi-layer nested energy absorbing protective structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The novel face-based lattice structure (204) is composed of two upper and lower equal-diameter staggered hexagons and a small hexagon concentrically staggered with the lower hexagon as a structural framework, and each vertex is connected to form a face-based lattice structure.

8. The multi-layer nested energy absorbing protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy absorbing structure main body (102) is in the shape of an octagonal stretched thin-walled prism structure, and rectangular induction grooves are provided inside the energy absorbing structure main body (102).

9. The multi-layer nested energy absorbing protective structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer ring energy absorption layer (201) is formed by connecting a plurality of circles and hexagons through vertices, and the material of the outer ring energy absorption layer (201) is aluminum alloy.

10. The multi-layer nested energy absorbing protective structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The material of the middle ring energy absorption layer (202) is aluminum alloy, and the material of the hexagonal vertex reinforced hierarchical honeycomb structure (205) is aluminum alloy.

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