Testing system and method for simulating component under thermal-mechanical coupling effect

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fire resistance testing of building components, and particularly relates to a testing system and method for simulating a component under the thermal-mechanical coupling effect. According to the specific technical scheme, the component restraining unit comprises a first base and a component installation base, the component installation base is arranged on the first base in a sliding mode, the first base comprises a horizontal section base and an arc-shaped section base, and the horizontal section base and the arc-shaped section base can be restrained by adjusting the position of the component installation base on the first base. Changing the position and angle of the member relative to the heating unit and the mechanical load unit; the heating unit and the mechanical load unit are arranged above the component restraining unit, and the distance between the heating unit and the component restraining unit can be adjusted. The central angle corresponding to the arc-shaped section base is slightly larger than 90 degrees, so that the component mounting seat can be changed within 0-90 degrees, and the angle of the component relative to the heating unit and the mechanical load unit is changed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fire resistance testing of building components, and in particular relates to a testing system and method for simulating components under thermal-mechanical coupling. Background Art

[0002] A building structure is a skeleton composed of numerous interconnected components, such as beams, slabs, and columns, that interact and function to provide specific spatial functions and withstand various loads. During a fire, the deformation and failure of building components can reduce the stability of the overall structure or even lead to its collapse, causing damage to property and lives.

[0003] The deformation and failure of building components during fires are primarily related to the external thermal environment and loads (existing tests have been conducted under atmospheric pressure). Materials have thermal expansion properties, and most building components expand and generate thermal stresses when heated. Furthermore, for heat-reactive building materials, such as wood, water evaporation causes wet wood to harden, resulting in dry wood with greater stiffness. Combustion reactions alter the material's composition and dimensions, such as pyrolysis to char and oxidation to ash, causing the material to become brittle and reduce stiffness. Temperature differences caused by non-uniform and heterogeneous combustion reactions exacerbate thermal stresses in the wood. In short, chemical reactions induce more complex dynamic deformation patterns. External constraints and loads on building components also affect their mechanical properties. While thermally accumulated deformation can release internal stresses, accumulated deformation can also lead to shrinkage, cracking, instability, and even structural collapse. Therefore, under fire conditions, the deformation of building components is driven by the material's thermomechanical properties, driven by the combined effects of thermal and mechanical loads. Under the coupled effects of thermal and mechanical loads, the material's strain often far exceeds its yield point, resulting in widespread plasticization of the component. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to study the changes in the combustion and mechanical properties of building components under the coupling of thermal-mechanical loads under fire conditions.

[0004] Low-pressure environments reduce air buoyancy and oxygen diffusion efficiency, resulting in fundamental differences in the physical and chemical processes of building material combustion compared to those at normal pressure. Combustion models developed at normal pressure cannot be directly applied to low-pressure conditions. Thermal stresses generated by combustion in low-pressure environments can potentially cause structural cracking in materials. The impact of low-pressure coupled with heat flow and applied loads on the degradation of material mechanical properties remains to be studied.

[0005] Currently, fire resistance testing of building materials focuses on examining fire resistance properties such as fire resistance limit and flammability in purely thermal environments. While full-scale structural fire resistance testing can provide some reference, this approach requires a complex testing system, resulting in limited reproducibility and operability. Currently, there is no platform for testing the fire resistance of small-scale building components.

[0006] In summary, developing a testing system with moderate overall size, controllable thermal-mechanical load conditions, and easy operation is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method and system for simulating a thermodynamic coupling simulation experiment in a low-pressure variable oxygen environment.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a test system for simulating components under the action of thermal coupling, including an openable box, a data analysis unit, and a heating unit, a mechanical load unit, a component constraint unit, and a data monitoring unit arranged in the box; the component constraint unit includes a first base and a component mounting seat, and the component mounting seat is slidably arranged on the first base, and the first base includes a horizontal section base and an arc section base. By adjusting the position of the component mounting seat on the first base, the position and angle of the component relative to the heating unit and the mechanical load unit are changed; the heating unit and the mechanical load unit are arranged above the component constraint unit, and the distance between the heating unit and the component constraint unit can be adjusted.

[0009] Preferably, a first sliding groove is provided on the first base along the sliding direction of the component mounting seat, and the four corners of the lower part of the component mounting seat are respectively provided with the first sliding block; along the sliding direction of the component mounting seat, a first through hole is opened on the inner side wall of the first sliding groove, and a fixing screw adapted to the first through hole is provided on the outer side of the first sliding block, and the fixing screw passes through the first through hole and fixes the component mounting seat to the first base through a first locking nut.

[0010] Preferably, the component mounting seat includes a rectangular frame, a right-angle support seat, and a lockable telescopic rod, and a fixed seat is provided at one group of diagonals of the rectangular frame, and a circular groove is provided on the upper surface of the fixed seat, and a fixing rod is rotatably provided in the circular groove, and a circular ring sleeve is provided on the fixing rod and above the fixed seat, one end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the circular ring sleeve, and the other end is connected to the right-angle support seat; an external thread adapted to a second locking nut is provided on the upper circumferential side wall of the fixing rod, and the position between the telescopic rod and the fixed seat is fixed by the second locking nut; when in use, the component is installed on two right-angle support seats, and the two right-angle support seats are used to lock components of different sizes.

[0011] Preferably, a stepped groove is provided on the inner side of the right-angle support seat, and the stepped groove is used to support the placement component; an "L"-shaped card slot is provided on the upper top surface of the right-angle support seat, and an adaptive card block is provided in the card slot, and a pressure block is provided next to the card block.

[0012] Preferably, the component constraint unit also includes a second base, a second slide groove is provided on the second base, an adjusting screw is provided in the second slide groove along its length direction, a second slider is provided at the lower part of the first base, the second slider is slidably connected in the second slide groove, and the second slider is threadedly connected on the adjusting screw; a third slide groove parallel to the second slide groove is provided on the second base, a slide rod is fixedly provided in the third slide groove, a third slider is provided at the lower part of the first base, and the third slider is slidably set on the slide rod and in the third slide groove.

[0013] Preferably, the heating unit includes a fixed component and a heating component, the fixed component includes a third base, a vertical pole, a sliding sleeve and a fixed plate, the vertical pole is fixedly set on the third base, the sliding sleeve is slidably set on the vertical pole, the sliding sleeve is fixed to the vertical pole by a clamp, and the fixed plate is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve; the heating component includes a heating cone, a thermocouple and a high-temperature controller, the heating cone is set on the lower surface of the fixed plate, and a thermal resistance wire is arranged around the conical metal cover of the heating cone, the thermocouple collects the heating temperature of the heating cone and transmits it to the high-temperature controller in real time, and the high-temperature controller controls the heating temperature of the heating cone.

[0014] Preferably, the mechanical load unit includes a cylinder and a telescopic force rod, the output end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the telescopic force rod, and the other end of the telescopic force rod passes through the heating cone along the central axis of the heating cone.

[0015] Preferably, the data monitoring unit includes a movable support, an infrared imager and a camera, the infrared imager and the camera are mounted on the movable support, and the position of the movable support is adjusted according to the position of the component mounting seat on the first base.

[0016] Preferably, the data analysis unit includes an information acquisition component, an analysis and processing component, and a display component. The information acquisition component collects the control temperature of the heating unit, the mechanical load of the mechanical load unit, and the monitoring data of the data monitoring unit; the real-time image taken by the camera of the analysis and processing unit and the temperature field image obtained by the infrared imager are used to determine the yield time, fracture time, critical temperature and critical load of the component under thermal-mechanical coupling; the display component displays the temperature cloud map, stress-strain distribution, crack propagation path, and load-displacement curve of the visual component.

[0017] Accordingly, the present invention also discloses a testing method for simulating a component under thermal-mechanical coupling, comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1. Prepare the test plan: Select components of different sizes and materials, and control the heat flow and mechanical loads applied to the components in different sizes, directions, positions, and durations.

[0019] S2. Start the test: Adjust the building mount to accommodate components of different sizes; adjust the component constraint unit to accommodate heat flow and mechanical loads in different directions and positions; adjust the heating unit to accommodate heat flow of different magnitudes and durations; and adjust the mechanical load unit to accommodate mechanical loads of different magnitudes and durations. The data monitoring unit monitors component changes in real time and transmits this information to the data analysis unit.

[0020] S3. Data analysis: Combined with the real-time images captured by the camera and the temperature field images obtained by the infrared imager, the analysis and processing components are used to analyze and determine the yield time, fracture time, critical temperature and critical load of the component under the action of thermal-mechanical coupling. The display component is used to visualize the temperature cloud map, stress-strain distribution, crack propagation path, and load-displacement curve of the component.

[0021] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The present invention designs the first base into a horizontal segment base and an arc segment base. When the angle of the component mounting seat relative to the heating unit needs to be changed, the first locking nut is first removed, and the component mounting seat is moved to the arc segment base. After the position of the component mounting seat is determined, the first locking nut is installed on the fixing screw and the first locking nut is tightened against the side wall of the component mounting seat, thereby fixing the component mounting seat to the arc segment base. The central angle corresponding to the arc segment base is slightly larger than 90°, allowing the component mounting seat to be changed within 0-90°, thereby changing the angle of the component relative to the heating unit and the mechanical load unit.

[0023] 2. The component mounting seat of the present invention comprises a rectangular frame and a right-angle support seat, wherein the two corners of the rectangular frame are rotatably mounted with a telescopic rod with a locking function, and the other end of the telescopic rod is fixedly mounted with a right-angle support seat, and the right-angle support seat is provided with a stepped groove. When installing the component, first remove the second locking nut, adjust the length of the two telescopic rods, and rotate the telescopic rod so that the two right-angle support seats are just clamped at the two opposite corners of the component, and the component is clamped by the two right-angle support seats. At this time, the telescopic rod is locked to keep its length unchanged, and at the same time, the angle of the telescopic rod is kept unchanged, and the second locking nut is installed on the fixing rod, and the second locking nut is continuously rotated until the ring sleeve is clamped between the second locking nut and the upper surface of the fixing seat. At this time, the telescopic rod will no longer rotate relative to the fixing seat. By setting the right-angle support seat, the four side walls of the square component can be tightly fixed; by setting one end of the telescopic rod to be rotatable and fixable relative to the fixing seat, the two right-angle support seats can be used to fix components of different lengths and widths.

[0024] 3. The component mounting base of the present invention also includes a clamping block and a pressure block. The upper surface of the right-angle support base is provided with an "L"-shaped clamping slot, in which a matching clamping block is installed. The clamping block is provided next to the clamping block. By providing the clamping slot, clamping block, and pressure block, components of different thicknesses can be fixed. Furthermore, the present application uses two right-angle support bases, and the stepped grooves of the right-angle support bases can fix irregularly shaped components, thereby improving the device utilization rate of the test system.

[0025] 4. The component mounting seat of the present invention can realize multiple constraint modes of the component, so as to study the influence of the control component constraint boundary on combustion and mechanical load. For example, when two right-angle support seats are used, the clamping block and the pressure block are not installed, and only the two right-angle support seats are used to clamp the side walls at the two diagonal corners of the component; or, when two right-angle support seats are used, the right-angle support seats are not used to clamp the component, and only the two right-angle support seat step grooves are directly used to support the component, but this situation is only applicable to the case where the component mounting seat is on the horizontal section base; or, only one of the right-angle support seats is used, and in this case, the clamping block and the pressure block need to be installed to clamp one corner of the component on one right-angle support seat, and the rest of the components are set in the air.

[0026] 5. The present invention can control the heating and loading effects of the heating unit and the mechanical load unit on the components in a linked manner. The test system can simulate the thermal-mechanical coupling effect in actual building fire scenarios, as well as the initial yield conditions and fracture conditions of building components under the action of separate thermal loads and mechanical loads, as well as the combustion, deformation and mechanical property changes in the fire, to determine the limit conditions for failure and fracture of the components, and then explore the failure mechanism of the structure in the fire. The experiment can change the heat flow size and adjust the heating distance and angle of the heating unit on the sample to simulate the heating effect of the building components under fire conditions, and then obtain research data on the effect of different heating conditions on the thermal stress change law of the components: the experiment can also set constant and variable mechanical loads of different sizes, action positions and action durations to simulate the combined effect of the constraints of the building structure and the external loads on the components, and then obtain research data on the effect of boundary and mechanical loads on the mechanical property change law of the components. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is the overall structural diagram of the test system of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 A top view of the component mounting seat of the present invention mounted on the first base;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the component mounting seat of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the clamping block and the pressing block of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 Flow chart of the testing method of the present invention.

[0032] Figure numerals: box body 1, vacuum pump 2, cylinder 3, high temperature controller 4, vertical pole 5, telescopic force rod 6, heating cone 7, sliding sleeve 8, fixed plate 9, rectangular frame 10, infrared imager 11, camera 12, movable support 13, adjusting screw 14, third locking nut 15, handwheel 16, fixed screw 17, first slider 18, first locking nut 19, horizontal section base 20, first through hole 21, arc section base 22, second base 23, third slide 24, slide rod 25, second slide 26, component 27, right-angle support seat 28, card slot 29, telescopic rod 30, fixed rod 31, circular ring sleeve 32, second locking nut 33, first slide 34, card block 35, pressure block 36, stepped groove 37, fixed seat 38. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0034] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being “disposed on” or “moved to” another element, it may be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being “connected to” another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0035] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features.

[0036] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the present invention discloses a test system for simulating a component under the action of thermal coupling, comprising an openable box 1, a data analysis unit, and a heating unit, a mechanical load unit, a component constraint unit, and a data monitoring unit arranged in the box 1. A vacuum pump 2 is provided on the box 1. When it is necessary to simulate the state change of the component under the action of thermal coupling in a low-pressure environment, the box 1 is closed, and the interior of the box 1 is placed in a vacuum environment by controlling the vacuum pump 2. When it is necessary to simulate the state change of the component under the action of thermal coupling in a normal-pressure environment, the doors on both sides of the box 1 are opened, the vacuum is closed, and the interior of the box 1 is placed in a normal-pressure environment.

[0037] The heating unit is used to heat the component 27. By operating the temperature adjustment panel of the high-temperature controller 4, the heating temperature is adjusted to different levels and stable heating conditions are maintained. The working time of the heating unit is controlled to provide heat flow of different durations. The temperature change, deformation, and limit state of ignition or fracture failure of the component 27 during heating and loading are recorded in real time.

[0038] The mechanical load unit is used to provide a mechanical load to the component 27. By adjusting the pressure of the cylinder 3 to provide different mechanical loads, and controlling the working time of the cylinder 3 to provide different mechanical load durations, the temperature change and deformation of the component 27 during heating and loading, as well as the limit state of ignition or fracture failure, are recorded in real time.

[0039] The data monitoring unit is used to monitor the temperature change, deformation and limit state data of the component 27 during heating and loading, such as ignition or fracture failure. It includes a mobile support 13, an infrared imager 11 and a camera 12. The infrared imager 11 and the camera 12 are fixedly mounted on the mobile support 13. The position of the mobile support 13 is adjusted according to the position of the component mounting seat to facilitate clear recording of the state changes of the component 27.

[0040] The component constraint unit is used to fix and install components 27 of different sizes. It is set below the heating unit and the mechanical load unit, and can change the position, distance and angle of the heating loading of the component 27.

[0041] This application simulates the heating effect on the building component 27 under fire conditions by experimentally changing the heat flow size and adjusting the heating distance and angle of the heating unit on the component 27, thereby obtaining research data on the effect of different heating conditions on the thermal stress variation of the component 27; by experimentally changing constant and variable mechanical loads of different sizes, action positions and action durations, the combined effect of the structural constraints of the building component 27 and the external load is simulated, thereby obtaining research data on the effect of boundaries and mechanical loads on the mechanical properties of the component 27.

[0042] Further embodiments, such as Figure 3As shown, the component constraint unit includes a first base and a component mounting seat, and the component mounting seat is slidably arranged on the first base, and the first base includes a horizontal section base 20 and an arc section base 22, and the connection between the horizontal section base 20 and the arc section base 22 has a smooth transition, and the central angle corresponding to the arc section base 22 is slightly larger than 90°, such as 95° or 100°, so that the component mounting seat can be changed within 0-90°, thereby changing the angle of the component relative to the heating unit and the mechanical load unit; a first sliding groove 34 is provided on the first base along the sliding direction of the component mounting seat, and first sliders 18 are respectively provided at the four corners of the lower surface of the component mounting seat, and the four first sliders 18 all slide in the first sliding groove 34. The preferred embodiment is to slide along a path perpendicular to the sliding path of the component mounting seat. In the direction of the movement, the distance between the farthest ends of the two first sliders 18 is slightly larger than the width of the first slide groove 34. At this time, the first slide groove 34 can limit the sliding path of the component mounting seat; along the sliding direction of the component mounting seat, first through holes 21 are opened on the two inner side walls of the first slide groove 34, and a fixing screw 17 adapted to the first through hole 21 is provided on the outer side of the first slider 18 (referring to the side close to the first through hole 21) (the hole height of the first through hole 21 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the fixing screw 17, so that the fixing screw 17 can move along the length direction of the first through hole 21), the fixing screw 17 passes through the first through hole 21, and a first locking nut 19 is installed on the part of the fixing screw 17 extending out of the first through hole 21, and the component mounting seat is fixed to the first base through the first locking nut 19.

[0043] When it is necessary to change the angle of the component mounting seat relative to the heating unit, first remove the first locking nut 19, move the component mounting seat to the arc segment base 22, and after determining the position of the component mounting seat, install the first locking nut 19 on the fixing screw 17, and make the first locking nut 19 press against the side wall of the component mounting seat, thereby fixing the component mounting seat on the arc segment base 22; when it is necessary to simulate a component 27 in a horizontal state, first remove the first locking nut 19, move the component mounting seat to the horizontal segment base 20, place the component directly below the heating unit and the mechanical load unit, and then install the first locking nut 19 on the fixing screw 17, and make the first locking nut 19 press against the side wall of the component mounting seat, thereby fixing the component mounting seat on the horizontal segment base 20.

[0044] It should be noted that the circumferential side wall of the fixing screw 17 can be designed into different forms. The end located in the first through hole 21 is designed as a smooth rod 25, and the other end extending out of the first through hole 21 and located on the outside is designed as a threaded rod adapted to the first locking nut 19. This case requires special processing and manufacturing, which is not as convenient as directly using the ready-made fixing screw 17. Therefore, in actual application, the fixed screw 17 purchased directly is welded to the first slider 18.

[0045] In a further embodiment, the component mounting seat includes a rectangular frame 10, a right-angle support seat 28, and a telescopic rod 30. The first slide groove 34 has a certain supporting effect on the right-angle support seat 28, and the telescopic rod 30 has a locking function. The lockable telescopic rod 30 adopts the existing structure and is not described here. A fixed seat 38 is fixedly provided at the two corners of the rectangular frame 10. The two fixed seats 38 are fixedly installed at the diagonal positions of the rectangular frame 10. A circular groove is provided on the upper surface of the fixed seat 38. A fixed rod 31 is rotatably provided in the circular groove. A circular sleeve 32 is provided above the fixing seat 38, one end of the telescopic rod 30 is fixedly connected to the circular sleeve 32, and the other end is fixedly connected to the right-angle support seat 28; an external thread adapted to the second locking nut 33 is provided on the circumferential side wall of the upper part of the fixing rod 31 and above the circular sleeve 32, and the position between the telescopic rod 30 and the fixing seat 38 is fixed by the second locking nut 33; a stepped groove 37 is provided on the inner side of the right-angle support seat 28 (the inner side refers to the two side walls in contact with the component), and the stepped groove 37 is used to support the placement of the component 27; Figure 3-4 As shown, the upper surface of the right-angle support seat 28 is provided with an "L"-shaped slot 29, in which an adapted block 35 is provided. A pressing block 36 is provided next to the block 35, and the pressing block 36 is used to press the corners of the component 27. The pressing block 36 and the block 35 can be integrally formed.

[0046] When installing the component 27, first remove the second locking nut 33, adjust the length of the two telescopic rods 30, rotate the telescopic rod 30, so that the two right-angle support seats 28 are just stuck at the two opposite corners of the component 27, and clamp the component through the two right-angle support seats 28. At this time, the telescopic rod 30 is locked to keep its length unchanged, while keeping the angle of the telescopic rod 30 unchanged, install the second locking nut 33 on the fixing rod 31, and continuously rotate the second locking nut 33 until the annular sleeve 32 is clamped between the second locking nut 33 and the upper surface of the fixing seat 38. At this time, the telescopic rod 30 will no longer rotate relative to the fixing seat 38, and clamp the clamping block 35 in the clamping groove 29 to press the pressing block 36 against the upper surface of the component 27. By providing a right-angle support seat 28, the four side walls of the square component 27 can be tightened and fixed; by providing one end of the telescopic rod 30 to be rotatable and fixable relative to the fixing seat 38, two right-angle support seats 28 can be used to fix components 27 of different lengths and widths; by providing a card slot 29, a card block 35 and a pressure block 36, components of different thicknesses can be fixed.

[0047] The component mounting seat of the present application can realize multiple constraint modes of component 27, thereby studying the influence of the constraint boundary of control component 27 on combustion and mechanical load. For example, when two right-angle support seats 28 are used, the clamping block 35 and the pressure block 36 are not installed, and only the two right-angle support seats 28 are used to clamp the side walls of the two diagonal corners of the component 27; or, when two right-angle support seats 28 are used, the right-angle support seats 28 are not used to clamp the component 27, and only the two right-angle support seats 28 step grooves 37 are directly used to support the component 27, but this situation is only applicable to the case where the component mounting seat is on the horizontal section base 20; or, when only one of the right-angle support seats 28 is used, the clamping block 35 and the pressure block 36 need to be installed at this time, and one corner of the component 27 is clamped on one right-angle support seat 28, and the rest of the components are suspended. Moreover, the present application adopts two right-angle support seats 28, and the step grooves 37 of the right-angle support seats 28 can fix irregularly shaped components 27, thereby improving the device utilization rate of the test system.

[0048] In a further embodiment, when the component mounting seat is mounted on the arc segment base 22, in order to make the component mounting seat located directly below the heating unit and the mechanical load unit, the first base is controlled to move in the horizontal direction. Specifically, the component constraint unit also includes a second base 23, and a second slide groove 26 is provided on the second base 23. An adjusting screw 14 is provided in the second slide groove 26 along its length direction. One end of the adjusting screw 14 rotates with the second base 23 through a bearing, and the other end of the adjusting screw 14 is threadedly connected to the second base 23, and a hand wheel 16 is fixedly connected to the outside of the second base 23 through and extending out. The adjusting screw 14 is rotated by the hand wheel 16, and a circumferential side wall of the part of the adjusting screw 14 extending out of the second base 23 is provided. The third locking nut 15 is arranged between the handwheel 16 and the outer wall of the second base 23. When the adjusting screw 14 needs to be locked, the third locking nut 15 is rotated to make it abut against the outer wall of the second base 23. When the adjusting screw 14 needs to be rotated, the third locking nut 15 is rotated to make it away from the outer wall of the second base 23. At this time, when the adjusting screw 14 is rotated, the third locking nut 15 rotates with the adjusting nut; a second slider is provided at the lower part of the first base, and the second slider is threadedly connected to the adjusting screw 14. Rotating the adjusting screw 14 makes the second slider slide in the second slide groove 26, thereby driving the first base to slide on the second base 23, and changing the horizontal position of the first base relative to the heating unit and the mechanical load unit.

[0049] In a further embodiment, in order to allow the first base to slide better on the second base 23, a third slide groove 24 is provided on the second base 23 and is arranged parallel to the second slide groove 26. A slide rod 25 is fixedly arranged in the third slide groove 24, and a third slider is provided at the lower part of the first base. The third slider is slidably arranged on the slide rod 25 and in the third slide groove 24.

[0050] In a further embodiment, the heating unit includes a fixing component and a heating component, the fixing component includes a third base, a vertical pole 5, a sliding sleeve 8 and a fixing plate 9, the vertical pole 5 is fixedly set on the third base, the sliding sleeve 8 is slidably set on the vertical pole 5, the sliding sleeve 8 is fixed to the vertical pole 5 by a clamp, the fixing plate 9 is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve 8, the heating cone 7 is fixedly set on the lower surface of the fixing plate 9, and the distance between the heating cone 7 and the component is adjusted by adjusting the position of the sliding sleeve 8 on the vertical pole 5; the heating component includes a heating cone 7, a thermocouple and a high-temperature controller 4, a thermal resistance wire is arranged around the conical metal cover of the heating cone 7, the thermocouple collects the heating temperature of the heating cone 7 and transmits it to the high-temperature controller 4 in real time, and the high-temperature controller 4 controls the heating temperature of the heating cone 7.

[0051] In a further embodiment, the mechanical load unit comprises a cylinder 3, a telescopic rod 6, and a rib. The output end of the cylinder 3 is fixedly connected to the telescopic rod 6, and the other end of the telescopic rod 6 extends through the heating cone 7 along its central axis. Ribs are provided on the outside of the telescopic rod 6 to enhance its mechanical strength. Specifically, the heating cone 7 is provided with a circular through-hole along its central axis, allowing the telescopic rod 6 to pass through. The sidewalls of the circular through-hole are provided with a thermal insulation sleeve. A thermal resistor wire is wrapped around the circular through-hole within a conical metal cover to reduce the impact of the high temperature within the heating cone 7 on the telescopic rod 6. Positioning the telescopic rod 6 on the central axis of the heating cone 7 ensures that the load application point is always at the center of the heat flow.

[0052] In a further embodiment, the data analysis unit includes an information acquisition component, an analysis and processing component, and a display component. The information acquisition component collects the control temperature of the heating unit, the mechanical load of the mechanical load unit, and the monitoring data of the data monitoring unit, and records and saves these time series data in chronological order; the analysis and processing component determines the yield time, fracture time, critical temperature and critical load of the component according to the component temperature field map and real-time map analysis. Specifically, in combination with the component temperature field map obtained by the infrared imager 11, the finite element method is used to divide the component 27 into finite element grids, and in the high temperature gradient or stress concentration area (such as The crack tip) is encrypted to improve the accuracy, and the temperature field distribution of the component 27 in the fire and its change with time are analyzed; combined with the real-time image captured by the camera 12, the extended finite element method is used to analyze the initiation and expansion of the crack in the component 27, and the discontinuity of the crack surface is described by the enrichment function. The crack path can be traced without mesh re-division, and the large-scale building components 27 in actual applications are analyzed through the small-scale components 27 measured by this test system; the temperature cloud map, stress-strain distribution, crack propagation path, load-displacement curve, etc. of the visual component of the display component can reflect the laws of spontaneous combustion, combustion, deformation and mechanical property changes of the component under heat flow.

[0053] like Figure 5 As shown, the present invention also discloses a testing method for simulating a component under the action of thermal-mechanical coupling, comprising the following steps:

[0054] S1. Prepare the test plan: Select components of different sizes and materials, and control the heat flow and mechanical loads applied to the components in different sizes, directions, positions, and durations.

[0055] S2. Start the test: Adjust the building mount to accommodate components of different sizes; adjust the component constraint unit to accommodate heat flow and mechanical loads in different directions and positions; adjust the heating unit to accommodate heat flow of different magnitudes and durations; and adjust the mechanical load unit to accommodate mechanical loads of different magnitudes and durations. The data monitoring unit monitors component changes in real time and transmits this information to the data analysis unit.

[0056] S3. Data analysis: Combined with the real-time image captured by the camera 12 and the temperature field image obtained by the infrared imager 11, the analysis and processing component is used to analyze and determine the yield time, fracture time, critical temperature and critical load at failure of the component under the action of thermal-mechanical coupling. The display component is used to visualize the temperature cloud map, stress-strain distribution, crack propagation path, load-displacement curve, etc. of the component.

[0057] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various deformations, modifications, and substitutions made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test system for simulating components under thermal-mechanical coupling, characterized by: The invention comprises an openable box (1), a data analysis unit, and a heating unit, a mechanical load unit, a component constraint unit, and a data monitoring unit arranged in the box (1); the component constraint unit comprises a first base and a component mounting seat, the component mounting seat is slidably arranged on the first base, the first base comprises a horizontal section base (20) and an arc section base (22), and the position and angle of the component (27) relative to the heating unit and the mechanical load unit are changed by adjusting the position of the component mounting seat on the first base; the heating unit and the mechanical load unit are arranged above the component constraint unit, and the distance between the heating unit and the component constraint unit can be adjusted.

2. The test system for simulating components under thermal-mechanical coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first sliding groove (34) is provided on the first base along the sliding direction of the component mounting seat, and the four corners of the lower part of the component mounting seat are respectively provided with the first sliding block (18); along the sliding direction of the component mounting seat, a first through hole (21) is opened on the inner side wall of the first sliding groove (34), and a fixing screw (17) adapted to the first through hole (21) is provided on the outer side of the first sliding block (18); the fixing screw (17) passes through the first through hole (21) and fixes the component mounting seat to the first base through a first locking nut (19).

3. The test system for simulating components under thermal-mechanical coupling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The component mounting seat comprises a rectangular frame (10), a right-angle support seat (28), and a lockable telescopic rod (30). A fixing seat (38) is respectively provided at one of the diagonal positions of the rectangular frame (10). A circular groove is provided on the upper surface of the fixing seat (38). A fixing rod (31) is rotatably provided in the circular groove. A circular ring sleeve (32) is provided on the fixing rod (31) and located above the fixing seat (38). One end of the telescopic rod (30) is fixedly connected to the circular ring sleeve (32), and the other end is connected to the right-angle support seat (28). An external thread adapted to a second locking nut (33) is provided on the upper circumferential side wall of the fixing rod (31). The position between the telescopic rod (30) and the fixing seat (38) is fixed by the second locking nut (33). When in use, the component (27) is installed on the two right-angle support seats (28), and the two right-angle support seats (28) are used to lock components (27) of different sizes.

4. The test system for simulating components under thermal-mechanical coupling according to claim 3, characterized in that: A stepped groove (37) is provided on the inner side of the right-angle support seat (28), and the stepped groove (37) is used to support the placement component (27); an "L"-shaped card slot (29) is provided on the upper top surface of the right-angle support seat (28), and an adapted card block (35) is provided in the card slot (29), and a pressure block (36) is provided on the side of the card block (35).

5. The test system for simulating components under thermal-mechanical coupling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The component constraint unit also includes a second base (23), a second slide groove (26) is provided on the second base (23), an adjusting screw (14) is provided in the second slide groove (26) along its length direction, a second slider is provided at the lower part of the first base, the second slider is slidably connected in the second slide groove (26), and the adjusting screw (14) is threadedly connected to the second slider; a third slide groove (24) is provided on the second base and is arranged parallel to the second slide groove (26), a slide rod (25) is fixedly provided in the third slide groove (24), a third slider is provided at the lower part of the first base, and the third slider is slidably arranged on the slide rod (25) and in the third slide groove (24).

6. The test system for simulating components under thermal-mechanical coupling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heating unit comprises a fixed component and a heating component, wherein the fixed component comprises a third base, a vertical pole (5), a sliding sleeve (8) and a fixed plate (9), wherein the vertical pole (5) is fixedly arranged on the third base, the sliding sleeve (8) is slidably arranged on the vertical pole (5), the sliding sleeve (8) is fixed to the vertical pole (5) by a clamp, and the fixed plate (9) is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve (8); the heating component comprises a heating cone (7), a thermocouple and a high-temperature controller (4), wherein the heating cone (7) is arranged on the lower surface of the fixed plate (9), a thermal resistance wire is arranged in the conical metal cover of the heating cone (7), the thermocouple collects the heating temperature of the heating cone (7) and transmits it to the high-temperature controller (4) in real time, and the high-temperature controller (4) controls the heating temperature of the heating cone (7).

7. The test system for simulating components under thermal-mechanical coupling according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mechanical load unit comprises a cylinder (3) and a telescopic force rod (6); the output end of the cylinder (3) is fixedly connected to the telescopic force rod (6); and the other end of the telescopic force rod (6) passes through the heating cone (7) along the central axis of the heating cone (7).

8. The test system for simulating components under thermal-mechanical coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data monitoring unit comprises a movable support (13), an infrared imager (11) and a camera (12); the infrared imager (11) and the camera (12) are mounted on the movable support (13); and the position of the movable support (13) is adjusted according to the position of the component mounting seat on the first base.

9. The test system for simulating components under thermal-mechanical coupling according to claim 8, characterized in that: The data analysis unit includes an information acquisition component, an analysis and processing component, and a display component. The information acquisition component collects the control temperature of the heating unit, the mechanical load of the mechanical load unit, and the monitoring data of the data monitoring unit; the real-time image captured by the camera (12) of the analysis and processing unit and the temperature field image obtained by the infrared imager (11) are used to determine the yield time, fracture time, critical temperature and critical load of the component (27) under the action of thermal-mechanical coupling; and the display component displays the temperature cloud map, stress-strain distribution, crack propagation path, and load-displacement curve of the visual component (27).

10. A test method for simulating a component under thermal-mechanical coupling, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Prepare the test plan: select components (27) of different sizes and materials, and control the heat flow and mechanical loads loaded on the components (27) in different sizes, directions, positions, and durations; S2. Start the test: adjust the structure mounting base to adapt to components of different sizes (27), adjust the component constraint unit to adapt to heat flows and mechanical loads of different directions and positions, adjust the heating unit to adapt to heat flows of different sizes and durations, and adjust the mechanical load unit to adapt to mechanical loads of different sizes and durations; the data monitoring unit monitors the changes of the components in real time and transmits this information to the data analysis unit; S3. Data analysis: Based on the real-time graph and temperature field graph of the component (27), the yield time, fracture time, critical temperature at failure and critical load of the component (27) under the action of thermal-mechanical coupling are analyzed and determined using the analysis and processing component, and the temperature cloud graph, stress-strain distribution, crack propagation path and load-displacement curve of the component (27) are visualized using the display component.

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