Building construction safety detection method and system based on BIM and VR technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of construction safety detection, in particular to a building construction safety detection method and system based on BIM and VR technologies, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining tower crane operation data, steel wire rope attribute data, hoisting material attribute data and constructor positioning data in a hoisting process; based on the BIM technology, tower crane hoisting scene modeling is conducted, and the steel wire rope resonance risk and the hoisting material falling risk in the tower crane hoisting process are evaluated; determining a lifting material falling range and evaluating the exposure risk of the constructors in combination with the positioning data of the constructors; the comprehensive hoisting risk in the hoisting process of the tower crane is evaluated by combining the resonance risk of the steel wire rope, the falling risk of the hoisted materials and the exposure risk of constructors, and the hoisting risk of the tower crane is pre-warned and visually presented through the VR technology. By quantifying the resonance risk of the steel wire rope, the falling risk of lifted materials and the exposure risk of constructors in the operation process of the tower crane, the sensing ability and response efficiency of potential risks in the lifting process of the tower crane are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of construction safety detection technology, and in particular to a construction safety detection method and system based on BIM and VR technology. Background Art

[0002] With the widespread application of modern production methods in construction, the level of construction mechanization has continued to improve. The increase in aerial work and lifting operations has led to a significant increase in the frequency of lifting equipment use. As the primary lifting equipment on construction sites, tower cranes have many advantages, including a wide operating area, high effective lifting height, and large lifting weights, making them an irreplaceable part of construction operations.

[0003] Traditional tower crane safety detection methods make it difficult to accurately quantify and visualize dynamic risks. Existing technologies only rely on static threshold alarms to assess wire rope resonance risks, lacking a quantitative model for the dynamic deviation between the excitation frequency and the natural frequency. This results in missed assessments of latent vibration risks. The prediction of the falling range of hoisted materials employs a fixed-radius empirical algorithm, which fails to integrate the real-time motion characteristics of the hoisted materials and the impact resistance of building facilities. This results in distorted assessments of the risk range and damage consequences, restricting the safety management level of construction sites in complex hoisting environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the existing technology, this application provides a construction safety detection method and system based on BIM and VR technology. By quantifying the risk of wire rope resonance, the risk of falling hoisted materials and the risk of exposure of construction workers during the operation of the tower crane, it effectively improves the perception ability and response efficiency of potential risks in the tower crane lifting process.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present application provides a construction safety detection method based on BIM and VR technology, comprising the following steps: Obtain tower crane operation data, wire rope attribute data, hoisting material attribute data, and construction personnel positioning data during the hoisting process; Modeling tower crane hoisting scenarios based on BIM technology and combining wire rope attribute data and hoisting material attribute data to assess wire rope resonance risks and hoisting material falling risks during tower crane hoisting; Determine the falling range of hoisted materials based on the results of the falling material risk assessment and assess the exposure risk of construction workers in combination with the construction worker positioning data; The comprehensive lifting risk during tower crane lifting is assessed by comprehensively evaluating the risk of wire rope resonance, the risk of falling hoisted materials and the exposure risk of construction workers. Based on the comprehensive lifting risk assessment results, a tower crane lifting risk warning is issued and visualized through VR technology.

[0006] Optionally, the step of assessing the wire rope resonance risk includes: Obtain the natural frequency data of the wire rope from the wire rope attribute data and the vibration data of the wire rope at each monitoring moment from the tower crane operation data; The wire rope vibration data is subjected to fast Fourier transform to obtain the wire rope vibration spectrum and the first-order main frequency component with the largest amplitude is used as the main excitation frequency data of the wire rope; The wire rope resonance risk index is calculated based on the relative deviation between the wire rope natural frequency data and the wire rope main excitation frequency data. The calculation formula for the wire rope resonance risk index is: ; In the formula Indicates monitoring time The corresponding wire rope main excitation frequency data, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding natural frequency data of the wire rope, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding wire rope resonance risk index is used to quantitatively assess the risk of wire rope resonance during tower crane lifting due to the main excitation frequency of the wire rope being close to the natural frequency of the wire rope.

[0007] Optionally, the step of assessing the risk of falling of hoisted materials includes: Obtaining tower crane operation data, which includes wire rope vibration data, wire rope swing amplitude data, wire rope swing angle data, and horizontal speed data and lifting height data of hoisted materials during tower crane operation; The horizontal distance between the center of gravity of the hoisted material and the vertical line of the wire rope is used as the center of gravity offset distance data of the hoisted material and combined with the tower crane operation data to calculate the falling radius of the hoisted material; The falling range of the hoisted materials is determined by the falling radius of the hoisted materials and the falling range index and falling destructive index of the hoisted materials are calculated. The falling range index is the ratio of the projected area of the falling range of the hoisted materials to the projected area of the tower crane's operating range. The falling range index and falling destructiveness index of the hoisted materials are weighted and summed to obtain the falling risk index of the hoisted materials.

[0008] Optionally, the calculation formula for the falling radius of the hoisted material is: ; In the formula Indicates the center of gravity offset distance data of the hoisted materials. Indicates monitoring time The corresponding wire rope swing amplitude data, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding wire rope swing angle data, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding horizontal speed data of the hoisted materials, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding lifting height data and the falling time of the lifting materials, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding falling radius of the hoisted materials.

[0009] Optionally, the step of calculating the fall destructiveness index includes: Determine the falling range of hoisted materials using the falling radius of the hoisted materials and extract the attribute data of buildings and facilities within the falling range based on BIM technology. The attribute data of buildings and facilities include the projected area of the buildings and facilities within the falling range of the hoisted materials and the design value of the impact resistance of the buildings and facilities. Based on the kinetic energy theorem, the impact force of the falling hoisted materials is determined, and the ratio of the falling impact force to the design value of the anti-impact force of the building facilities is used as the destructive factor of the falling of the hoisted materials on the building facilities; The ratio of the projected area of the building facilities within the falling range of the hoisted materials to the projected area of the falling range of the hoisted materials is used as the falling probability factor of the hoisted materials on the building facilities, and the product of the falling destructive factor and the falling probability factor is used as the falling destructive index of the hoisted materials.

[0010] Optionally, the construction worker exposure risk assessment step includes: Obtain construction worker location data and count the number of construction workers within the falling range of hoisted materials; The ratio of the number of construction workers within the falling range of hoisted materials to the projected area of the falling range is used as the construction worker density risk factor. The construction worker density risk factor is used to quantify the density of construction workers per unit area. The cumulative time that construction workers are continuously within the range of falling hoisted materials within a preset sliding time window is calculated and normalized with the sliding time window to obtain the construction worker's exposure time factor. The exposure time factor is used to reflect the construction worker's continuous exposure to the risk area. The product of the average exposure time factor of all construction workers within the falling range of hoisted materials and the construction worker density risk factor is used as the construction worker exposure risk index, which is used to quantitatively assess the risk level of construction workers suffering from falling materials due to being in the falling range of hoisted materials.

[0011] Optionally, the step of performing a tower crane lifting risk warning based on the comprehensive lifting risk assessment result includes: Obtain the wire rope resonance risk index, the hoisted material falling risk index, and the construction worker exposure risk index and perform weighted summation to obtain the comprehensive hoisting risk index; When the comprehensive lifting risk index is greater than the preset comprehensive lifting risk threshold, a tower crane lifting risk warning will be issued. When the comprehensive lifting risk index is less than or equal to the preset comprehensive lifting risk threshold, no tower crane lifting risk warning will be issued.

[0012] Secondly, this application provides a construction safety detection system based on BIM and VR technology, including: The data acquisition module is used to obtain the tower crane operation data, wire rope attribute data, hoisting material attribute data and construction personnel positioning data during the hoisting process; The hoisting risk assessment module is used to model tower crane hoisting scenarios based on BIM technology and evaluate the risk of wire rope resonance and the risk of hoisted materials falling during tower crane hoisting by combining wire rope attribute data and hoisted material attribute data; The personnel risk assessment module is used to determine the falling range of hoisted materials based on the results of the hoisted material falling risk assessment and to assess the exposure risk of construction personnel in combination with the construction personnel positioning data; The lifting risk warning module is used to comprehensively assess the comprehensive lifting risk during tower crane lifting, including the risk of wire rope resonance, the risk of falling hoisted materials, and the exposure risk of construction workers. It issues a tower crane lifting risk warning based on the comprehensive lifting risk assessment results and presents them visually through VR technology.

[0013] In a third aspect, the present application provides an electronic device comprising: a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program that can be called by the processor, and the processor executes a construction safety detection method based on BIM and VR technology by calling the computer program stored in the memory.

[0014] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions. When the instructions are executed on a computer, the computer executes a construction safety detection method based on BIM and VR technology.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages and beneficial effects: This application introduces BIM technology to achieve refined modeling of tower crane lifting scenarios, and combines tower crane operation data, wire rope attribute data, lifting material attribute data and construction personnel positioning data to quantitatively evaluate wire rope resonance risk, lifting material falling risk and construction personnel exposure risk, and then determine the comprehensive lifting risk, effectively improving the perception and response efficiency of potential risks in the tower crane lifting process, thereby realizing intelligent safety management and control of the entire lifting operation process, and significantly enhancing the level of construction safety assurance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the construction safety detection method based on BIM and VR technology provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a tower crane provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a construction safety detection system based on BIM and VR technology provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solution of the present application is described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present application and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solution of the present application, rather than limitations on the technical solution of the present application. Unless there is a conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0018] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the construction safety detection method based on BIM and VR technology provided in an embodiment of the present application, which specifically includes the following steps: S110: Acquire tower crane operation data, wire rope property data, hoisting material property data, and construction personnel positioning data during the hoisting process.

[0019] S120: Modeling the tower crane lifting scenario based on BIM technology and combining the wire rope attribute data and the lifting material attribute data to evaluate the wire rope resonance risk and the lifting material falling risk during the tower crane lifting process. The steps of modeling the tower crane lifting scenario based on BIM technology include: (1) data collection, collecting the original models of building structure, site layout, construction stage planning, etc. and tower crane parameter data; (2) tower crane model construction and parameter definition, calling the standard component library or importing the customized tower crane 3D model and placing it in the BIM scene according to the actual installation location, setting motion constraints and load properties; (3) integration of lifting materials and construction scene model, loading the lifting material model and setting properties, integrating the construction stage scene model based on the current construction stage, including loading temporary structures such as scaffolding and facilities in the current construction stage; Wire rope resonance refers to the resonance phenomenon that may occur when the excitation frequency of the wire rope approaches the natural frequency of the wire rope during tower crane operation. This causes the wire rope vibration amplitude to increase significantly, thereby increasing the risk of hoisted materials swinging, falling, or structural instability. By assessing the risk of wire rope resonance, we can truly reflect the degree of resonance that may occur in the wire rope under different working conditions and provide accurate early warning for tower crane operation safety management. The assessment steps of wire rope resonance risk include: The natural frequency data of the wire rope in the wire rope attribute data and the vibration data of the wire rope at each monitoring moment in the tower crane operation data are obtained. The calculation formula of the natural frequency data of the wire rope can be: ; In the formula Indicates monitoring time The corresponding wire rope operating length, Indicates the initial tension of the wire rope, Indicates the mass per unit length of wire rope, Indicates monitoring time Corresponding wire rope natural frequency data; The wire rope vibration data is subjected to fast Fourier transform to obtain the wire rope vibration spectrum and the first-order main frequency component with the largest amplitude is used as the main excitation frequency data of the wire rope; The wire rope resonance risk index is calculated based on the relative deviation between the wire rope natural frequency data and the wire rope main excitation frequency data. The calculation formula for the wire rope resonance risk index is: ; In the formula Indicates monitoring time The corresponding wire rope main excitation frequency data, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding natural frequency data of the wire rope, Indicates the relative frequency deviation of the wire rope. When the main excitation frequency of the wire rope is Close to the natural frequency of the wire rope When the relative frequency deviation of the wire rope approaches 0, the wire rope is in a potential resonance state. Then make keep away When the wire rope resonance risk index decreases rapidly, it is used to effectively distinguish the resonance area from the non-resonance area. Indicates monitoring time The corresponding wire rope resonance risk index is used to quantitatively assess the risk of wire rope resonance during tower crane operation due to the main excitation frequency of the wire rope being close to the natural frequency of the wire rope; See Figure 2 , Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a tower crane provided in an embodiment of the present application. The tower crane is mainly composed of a tower body, a boom, a counterweight, a luffing trolley, and a wire rope. During tower crane operation, the risk of hoisted materials falling refers to the possibility that hoisted materials may fall out of control and cause damage within a certain range due to factors such as wire rope swing, displacement of the center of gravity of the hoisted materials, or external interference. Assessing the risk of hoisted materials falling can quantify the spatial impact and impact intensity that may be caused by the falling materials. The steps for assessing the risk of hoisted materials falling include: Obtaining tower crane operation data, which includes wire rope vibration data, wire rope swing amplitude data, wire rope swing angle data, and horizontal speed data and lifting height data of hoisted materials during tower crane operation; The horizontal distance between the center of gravity of the hoisted material and the vertical line of the wire rope is used as the center of gravity offset distance data of the hoisted material and combined with the tower crane operation data to calculate the falling radius of the hoisted material; The calculation formula for the falling radius of hoisted materials is: ; In the formula Indicates the center of gravity offset distance data of the hoisted materials. Indicates monitoring time The corresponding wire rope swing amplitude data, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding wire rope swing angle data, Indicates the horizontal displacement caused by the swing of the wire rope, that is, the state of the hoisted material being "off-swing". Indicates monitoring time The corresponding horizontal speed data of the hoisted materials. During the actual hoisting process, the rotation of the crane arm and the sliding of the luffing trolley will give the hoisted materials a horizontal speed. Indicates monitoring time The corresponding lifting height data and the falling time of the lifting materials, , Indicates monitoring time The corresponding lifting height data, represents the acceleration due to gravity, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding falling radius of the hoisted materials; The falling range of the hoisted materials is determined by the falling radius of the hoisted materials, and the falling range index and falling destructive index of the hoisted materials are calculated. The falling range index is the ratio of the projected area of the hoisted materials falling range to the projected area of the tower crane operating range. The calculation steps of the falling destructive index include: Determine the falling range of hoisted materials using the falling radius of the hoisted materials and extract the attribute data of buildings and facilities within the falling range based on BIM technology. The attribute data of buildings and facilities include the projected area of the buildings and facilities within the falling range of the hoisted materials and the design value of the impact resistance of the buildings and facilities. Based on the kinetic energy theorem, the impact force of the falling hoisted materials is determined, and the ratio of the falling impact force to the design value of the anti-impact force of the building facilities is used as the destructive factor of the falling of the hoisted materials on the building facilities; The ratio of the projected area of the building facilities within the falling range of the hoisted materials to the projected area of the falling range of the hoisted materials is used as the falling probability factor of the hoisted materials on the building facilities, and the product of the falling destructive factor and the falling probability factor is used as the falling destructive index of the hoisted materials; The falling range index and falling destructiveness index of the hoisted materials are weighted and summed to obtain the falling risk index of the hoisted materials.

[0020] S130: Determine the falling range of the hoisted materials based on the falling risk assessment results of the hoisted materials and assess the exposure risk of the construction workers in combination with the construction workers' positioning data; The exposure risk of construction workers refers to the probability that construction workers are within the range of potential falling materials during tower crane operations and face injury due to prolonged stay. By combining the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of construction workers, the construction worker density risk factor and exposure time factor are introduced to measure the density of construction workers per unit area and the duration of individuals staying in high-risk areas, respectively. The construction worker exposure risk is used to comprehensively quantify the actual risk level of construction workers facing falling object injuries. The assessment steps of construction worker exposure risk include: Obtain construction worker location data and count the number of construction workers within the falling range of hoisted materials; The ratio of the number of construction workers within the falling range of hoisted materials to the projected area of the falling range is used as the construction worker density risk factor. The construction worker density risk factor is used to quantify the density of construction workers per unit area. The cumulative time that construction workers are continuously within the range of falling hoisted materials within a preset sliding time window is calculated and normalized with the sliding time window to obtain the construction worker's exposure time factor. The exposure time factor is used to reflect the construction worker's continuous exposure to the risk area. The preset sliding time window can be set based on the single hoisting cycle of the tower crane, that is, the duration of a single tower crane hoisting operation is used as the preset sliding time window, so that the sliding time window covers a complete hoisting process. The product of the average exposure time factor of all construction workers within the falling range of hoisted materials and the construction worker density risk factor is used as the construction worker exposure risk index, which is used to quantitatively assess the risk level of construction workers suffering from falling materials due to being in the falling range of hoisted materials.

[0021] S140: Comprehensively assess the comprehensive lifting risks during tower crane lifting operations by comprehensively considering the risks of wire rope resonance, falling materials, and exposure of construction workers. Based on the comprehensive lifting risk assessment results, a tower crane lifting risk warning is issued and visualized through VR technology. The visualization presents a tower crane lifting scenario built based on BIM technology, dynamically links the comprehensive lifting risk assessment results with the three-dimensional model, and intuitively expresses the risk level and distribution through colors, icons, animations, etc. For example, high-risk areas are highlighted in red, including the lifting path, falling range, and crowded areas. The location of wire rope resonance is indicated by flashing or vibrating effects. The exposure behavior of construction workers in risk areas is dynamically displayed through a moving humanoid model. At the same time, the VR environment supports users to immersively view the entire tower crane operation process from a first-person perspective, analyze potential sources of danger, and pop up warning prompts when the risk exceeds the threshold, thus achieving real-time, interactive, and visual management of safety warnings for lifting operation risks. Comprehensive lifting risk refers to the quantitative assessment of the overall safety status of tower crane lifting operations by weightedly integrating the risk of wire rope resonance, the risk of falling hoisted materials, and the risk of exposure to construction personnel. A risk warning mechanism is established based on the preset comprehensive lifting risk threshold. The steps for conducting tower crane lifting risk warning based on the comprehensive lifting risk assessment results include: Obtain the wire rope resonance risk index, the hoisted material falling risk index, and the construction worker exposure risk index and perform weighted summation to obtain the comprehensive hoisting risk index; When the comprehensive lifting risk index is greater than the preset comprehensive lifting risk threshold, a tower crane lifting risk warning will be issued. When the comprehensive lifting risk index is less than or equal to the preset comprehensive lifting risk threshold, no tower crane lifting risk warning will be issued.

[0022] In an embodiment of the present application, the method for setting parameters such as weighted weights and preset comprehensive lifting risk thresholds can be: by obtaining tower crane operation data, wire rope property data, lifting material property data and construction personnel positioning data to construct a data set, and substituting them into the calculated lifting material falling risk index and comprehensive lifting risk index, while obtaining the expert's judgment results on the lifting material falling risk index and comprehensive lifting risk, importing the calculated lifting material falling risk index, comprehensive lifting risk index and judgment results into the fitting software, and outputting the weighted weights and preset comprehensive lifting risk thresholds that meet the maximum judgment accuracy.

[0023] See Figure 3 , Figure 3 : is a structural diagram of a construction safety detection system based on BIM and VR technology provided in an embodiment of the present application. This embodiment provides a construction safety detection system based on BIM and VR technology, including: The data acquisition module 210 is used to acquire the tower crane operation data, wire rope property data, hoisting material property data and construction personnel positioning data during the hoisting process; The hoisting risk assessment module 220 is used to model the tower crane hoisting scenario based on BIM technology and evaluate the risk of wire rope resonance and the risk of hoisted materials falling during the tower crane hoisting process by combining the wire rope attribute data and the hoisted material attribute data; The personnel risk assessment module 230 is used to determine the falling range of the hoisted materials based on the falling risk assessment results of the hoisted materials and to assess the exposure risk of the construction personnel in combination with the construction personnel positioning data; The lifting risk warning module 240 is used to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive lifting risk during the tower crane lifting process by comprehensively considering the wire rope resonance risk, the risk of falling lifting materials and the exposure risk of construction workers. Based on the comprehensive lifting risk assessment results, a tower crane lifting risk warning is issued and visualized through VR technology.

[0024] In the embodiment of the present application, the hoisting risk assessment module 220 is used to model the tower crane hoisting scenario based on BIM technology and evaluate the wire rope resonance risk and the risk of hoisted material falling during the tower crane hoisting process by combining the wire rope attribute data and the hoisted material attribute data. The wire rope resonance risk assessment steps include: Obtain the natural frequency data of the wire rope from the wire rope attribute data and the vibration data of the wire rope at each monitoring moment from the tower crane operation data; The wire rope vibration data is subjected to fast Fourier transform to obtain the wire rope vibration spectrum and the first-order main frequency component with the largest amplitude is used as the main excitation frequency data of the wire rope; The wire rope resonance risk index is calculated based on the relative deviation between the wire rope natural frequency data and the wire rope main excitation frequency data. The calculation formula for the wire rope resonance risk index is: ; In the formula Indicates monitoring time The corresponding wire rope main excitation frequency data, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding natural frequency data of the wire rope, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding wire rope resonance risk index is used to quantitatively assess the risk of wire rope resonance during tower crane operation due to the main excitation frequency of the wire rope being close to the natural frequency of the wire rope; The steps for assessing the risk of falling hoisted materials include: Obtaining tower crane operation data, which includes wire rope vibration data, wire rope swing amplitude data, wire rope swing angle data, and horizontal speed data and lifting height data of hoisted materials during tower crane operation; The horizontal distance between the center of gravity of the hoisted material and the vertical line of the wire rope is used as the center of gravity offset distance data of the hoisted material and combined with the tower crane operation data to calculate the falling radius of the hoisted material; The falling range of the hoisted materials is determined by the falling radius of the hoisted materials and the falling range index and falling destructive index of the hoisted materials are calculated. The falling range index is the ratio of the projected area of the falling range of the hoisted materials to the projected area of the tower crane's operating range. The falling range index and falling destructiveness index of the hoisted materials are weighted and summed to obtain the falling risk index of the hoisted materials; The calculation formula for the falling radius of hoisted materials is: ; In the formula Indicates the center of gravity offset distance data of the hoisted materials. Indicates monitoring time The corresponding wire rope swing amplitude data, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding wire rope swing angle data, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding horizontal speed data of the hoisted materials, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding lifting height data and the falling time of the lifting materials, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding falling radius of the hoisted materials; The calculation steps of the fall destructiveness index include: Determine the falling range of hoisted materials using the falling radius of the hoisted materials and extract the attribute data of buildings and facilities within the falling range based on BIM technology. The attribute data of buildings and facilities include the projected area of the buildings and facilities within the falling range of the hoisted materials and the design value of the impact resistance of the buildings and facilities. Based on the kinetic energy theorem, the impact force of the falling hoisted materials is determined, and the ratio of the falling impact force to the design value of the anti-impact force of the building facilities is used as the destructive factor of the falling of the hoisted materials on the building facilities; The ratio of the projected area of the building facilities within the falling range of the hoisted materials to the projected area of the falling range of the hoisted materials is used as the falling probability factor of the hoisted materials on the building facilities, and the product of the falling destructive factor and the falling probability factor is used as the falling destructive index of the hoisted materials.

[0025] In the embodiment of the present application, the personnel risk assessment module 230 is used to determine the falling range of the hoisted materials based on the falling risk assessment results of the hoisted materials and to assess the exposure risk of the construction personnel in combination with the construction personnel positioning data. The steps of assessing the exposure risk of the construction personnel include: Obtain construction worker location data and count the number of construction workers within the falling range of hoisted materials; The ratio of the number of construction workers within the falling range of hoisted materials to the projected area of the falling range is used as the construction worker density risk factor. The construction worker density risk factor is used to quantify the density of construction workers per unit area. The cumulative time that construction workers are continuously within the range of falling hoisted materials within a preset sliding time window is calculated and normalized with the sliding time window to obtain the construction worker's exposure time factor. The exposure time factor is used to reflect the construction worker's continuous exposure to the risk area. The product of the average exposure time factor of all construction workers within the falling range of hoisted materials and the construction worker density risk factor is used as the construction worker exposure risk index, which is used to quantitatively assess the risk level of construction workers suffering from falling materials due to being in the falling range of hoisted materials.

[0026] In the embodiment of the present application, the lifting risk warning module 240 is used to comprehensively assess the comprehensive lifting risk during the tower crane lifting process by comprehensively considering the risk of wire rope resonance, the risk of falling hoisted materials, and the risk of exposure of construction personnel. The tower crane lifting risk warning is issued based on the comprehensive lifting risk assessment results and visualized using VR technology. The steps of issuing the tower crane lifting risk warning based on the comprehensive lifting risk assessment results include: Obtain the wire rope resonance risk index, the hoisted material falling risk index, and the construction worker exposure risk index and perform weighted summation to obtain the comprehensive hoisting risk index; When the comprehensive lifting risk index is greater than the preset comprehensive lifting risk threshold, a tower crane lifting risk warning will be issued. When the comprehensive lifting risk index is less than or equal to the preset comprehensive lifting risk threshold, no tower crane lifting risk warning will be issued.

[0027] The above-mentioned parameters and steps for each unit module to implement corresponding functions in the construction safety detection system based on BIM and VR technology of this application can refer to the parameters and steps in the embodiment of the construction safety detection method based on BIM and VR technology above, and will not be repeated here.

[0028] Please refer to Figure 4 An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device 300, comprising a memory 310, a processor 320, and a communication bus 330. The memory 310 and the processor 320 are connected via the communication bus 330. The memory 310 stores a method for detecting building safety based on BIM and VR technology, as provided in the above embodiment, which can be loaded and executed by the processor 320.

[0029] The memory 310 can be used to store instructions, programs, codes, code sets, or instruction sets. The memory 310 can include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area can store instructions for implementing an operating system, instructions for at least one function, and instructions for implementing the construction safety detection method based on BIM and VR technology provided in the above embodiment. The data storage area can store data related to the construction safety detection method based on BIM and VR technology provided in the above embodiment.

[0030] The processor 320 may include one or more processing cores. The processor 320 executes the various functions and processes data of the present application by running or executing instructions, programs, code sets, or instruction sets stored in the memory 310, calling the data stored in the memory 310. The processor 320 may be at least one of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a digital signal processing device (DSPD), a programmable logic device (PLD), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a central processing unit (CPU), a controller, a microcontroller, and a microprocessor. It is understood that for different devices, the electronic components used to implement the above-mentioned functions of the processor 320 may also be other, and the embodiments of the present application are not specifically limited.

[0031] The communication bus 330 may include a path for transmitting information between the above components. The communication bus 330 may be a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus or an EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) bus. The communication bus 330 may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 4 Only one double arrow is used in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0032] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that can be loaded by a processor and execute a construction safety detection method based on BIM and VR technology as provided in the above embodiment.

[0033] In embodiments of the present application, a computer-readable storage medium may be a tangible device that holds and stores instructions used by an instruction execution device. The computer-readable storage medium may be, but is not limited to, an electrical storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any combination thereof. Specifically, the computer-readable storage medium may be a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a USB flash drive, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a lectern random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disc (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, an optical disc, a magnetic disk, a mechanical encoding device, or any combination thereof.

[0034] The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0035] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and an illustration of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of application of this application is not limited to technical solutions formed by a specific combination of the aforementioned technical features. It also encompasses other technical solutions formed by any combination of the aforementioned technical features or their equivalents, without departing from the aforementioned application concept. For example, a technical solution formed by replacing the aforementioned features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions claimed in this application.

Claims

1. The construction safety detection method based on BIM and VR technology is characterized by: The steps include: Obtain tower crane operation data, wire rope attribute data, hoisting material attribute data, and construction personnel positioning data during the hoisting process; Modeling tower crane hoisting scenarios based on BIM technology and combining wire rope attribute data and hoisting material attribute data to assess wire rope resonance risks and hoisting material falling risks during tower crane hoisting; Determine the falling range of hoisted materials based on the results of the falling material risk assessment and assess the exposure risk of construction workers in combination with the construction worker positioning data; Comprehensively assess the overall lifting risk during tower crane operation by comprehensively considering the risk of wire rope resonance, the risk of falling hoisted materials, and the risk of construction personnel exposure. Based on the comprehensive lifting risk assessment results, tower crane lifting risk warnings are issued and visualized using VR technology. The steps for assessing the risk of falling hoisted materials include: Obtaining tower crane operation data, which includes wire rope vibration data, wire rope swing amplitude data, wire rope swing angle data, and horizontal speed data and lifting height data of hoisted materials during tower crane operation; The horizontal distance between the center of gravity of the hoisted material and the vertical line of the wire rope is used as the center of gravity offset distance data of the hoisted material and combined with the tower crane operation data to calculate the falling radius of the hoisted material; The falling range of the hoisted materials is determined by the falling radius of the hoisted materials and the falling range index and falling destructive index of the hoisted materials are calculated. The falling range index is the ratio of the projected area of the falling range of the hoisted materials to the projected area of the tower crane's operating range. The falling range index and falling destructiveness index of the hoisted materials are weighted and summed to obtain the falling risk index of the hoisted materials.

2. The construction safety detection method based on BIM and VR technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps for assessing the risk of wire rope resonance include: Obtain the natural frequency data of the wire rope from the wire rope attribute data and the vibration data of the wire rope at each monitoring moment from the tower crane operation data; The wire rope vibration data is subjected to fast Fourier transform to obtain the wire rope vibration spectrum and the first-order main frequency component with the largest amplitude is used as the main excitation frequency data of the wire rope; The wire rope resonance risk index is calculated based on the relative deviation between the wire rope natural frequency data and the wire rope main excitation frequency data. The calculation formula for the wire rope resonance risk index is: ； In the formula Indicates monitoring time The corresponding wire rope main excitation frequency data, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding natural frequency data of the wire rope, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding wire rope resonance risk index is used to quantitatively assess the risk of wire rope resonance during tower crane lifting due to the main excitation frequency of the wire rope being close to the natural frequency of the wire rope.

3. The construction safety detection method based on BIM and VR technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The calculation formula for the falling radius of the hoisted materials is: ； In the formula Indicates the center of gravity offset distance data of the hoisted materials. Indicates monitoring time The corresponding wire rope swing amplitude data, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding wire rope swing angle data, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding horizontal speed data of the hoisted materials, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding lifting height data and the falling time of the lifting materials, Indicates monitoring time The corresponding falling radius of the hoisted materials.

4. The construction safety detection method based on BIM and VR technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The calculation steps of the fall destructiveness index include: Determine the falling range of hoisted materials using the falling radius of the hoisted materials and extract the attribute data of buildings and facilities within the falling range based on BIM technology. The attribute data of buildings and facilities include the projected area of the buildings and facilities within the falling range of the hoisted materials and the design value of the impact resistance of the buildings and facilities. Based on the kinetic energy theorem, the impact force of the falling hoisted materials is determined, and the ratio of the falling impact force to the design value of the anti-impact force of the building facilities is used as the destructive factor of the falling of the hoisted materials on the building facilities; The ratio of the projected area of the building facilities within the falling range of the hoisted materials to the projected area of the falling range of the hoisted materials is used as the falling probability factor of the hoisted materials on the building facilities, and the product of the falling destructive factor and the falling probability factor is used as the falling destructive index of the hoisted materials.

5. The construction safety detection method based on BIM and VR technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps for assessing construction worker exposure risks include: Obtain construction worker location data and count the number of construction workers within the falling range of hoisted materials; The ratio of the number of construction workers within the falling range of hoisted materials to the projected area of the falling range is used as the construction worker density risk factor. The construction worker density risk factor is used to quantify the density of construction workers per unit area. The cumulative time that construction workers are continuously within the range of falling hoisted materials within a preset sliding time window is calculated and normalized with the sliding time window to obtain the construction worker's exposure time factor. The exposure time factor is used to reflect the construction worker's continuous exposure to the risk area. The product of the average exposure time factor of all construction workers within the falling range of hoisted materials and the construction worker density risk factor is used as the construction worker exposure risk index, which is used to quantitatively assess the risk level of construction workers suffering from falling materials due to being in the falling range of hoisted materials.

6. The construction safety detection method based on BIM and VR technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps of performing tower crane lifting risk warning according to the comprehensive lifting risk assessment results include: Obtain the wire rope resonance risk index, the hoisted material falling risk index, and the construction worker exposure risk index and perform weighted summation to obtain the comprehensive hoisting risk index; When the comprehensive lifting risk index is greater than the preset comprehensive lifting risk threshold, a tower crane lifting risk warning will be issued. When the comprehensive lifting risk index is less than or equal to the preset comprehensive lifting risk threshold, no tower crane lifting risk warning will be issued.

7. A construction safety detection system based on BIM and VR technology, applied to the construction safety detection method based on BIM and VR technology according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The system comprises: The data acquisition module is used to obtain the tower crane operation data, wire rope attribute data, hoisting material attribute data and construction personnel positioning data during the hoisting process; The hoisting risk assessment module is used to model tower crane hoisting scenarios based on BIM technology and evaluate the risk of wire rope resonance and the risk of hoisted materials falling during tower crane hoisting by combining wire rope attribute data and hoisted material attribute data; The personnel risk assessment module is used to determine the falling range of hoisted materials based on the results of the hoisted material falling risk assessment and to assess the exposure risk of construction personnel in combination with the construction personnel positioning data; The lifting risk warning module is used to comprehensively assess the comprehensive lifting risk during tower crane lifting, including the risk of wire rope resonance, the risk of falling hoisted materials, and the exposure risk of construction workers. It issues a tower crane lifting risk warning based on the comprehensive lifting risk assessment results and presents them visually through VR technology.

8. An electronic device comprising: A processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program that can be called by the processor; characterized in that the processor executes the construction safety detection method based on BIM and VR technology as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 by calling the computer program stored in the memory.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that Instructions are stored, and when the instructions are run on a computer, the computer is caused to execute the construction safety detection method based on BIM and VR technology as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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