Mixed-pole laminated moment synchronous and asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor based on squirrel cage rotor or wound rotor

Abstract

The invention discloses a mixed-pole laminated moment synchronous and asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor based on a squirrel cage rotor or a wound rotor, and the structure of the mixed-pole laminated moment synchronous and asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor comprises a stator core, a rotor core, a synchronous armature winding, an asynchronous armature winding, a permanent magnet, a rotor cage bar or winding, and a rotating shaft. The asynchronous armature winding and the synchronous armature winding are both placed in grooves of the stator core, the asynchronous armature winding is wound according to the number p1 of pole pairs, the synchronous armature winding is wound according to the number p2 of pole pairs, and p1 is equal to p2-1; the rotor iron core is provided with conducting bar grooves and permanent magnet slots along the circumferential direction, permanent magnets with alternately arranged polarities are embedded in the permanent magnet slots, the rotor cage bars or windings are located in the rotor conducting bar grooves, and the rotating shaft is connected with the rotor iron core and drives the rotor iron core to rotate. The mixed-pole laminated moment synchronous and asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor is excellent in performance, flexible to control and reliable to operate, has good self-starting performance, and can generate magnetic levitation force, reduce abrasion of a motor bearing and prolong the service life of the motor bearing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a synchronous-asynchronous composite motor in which synchronous torque and asynchronous torque are superimposed on each other by two sets of armature windings with different pole pairs, and in particular to a mixed-pole-stacked-torque synchronous-asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor based on a squirrel-cage rotor or a wound rotor, belonging to the technical field of motor design. Background Art

[0002] In the field of motor technology, with the rapid development of industrial technology and the increasing degree of automation, the performance requirements for motors are constantly increasing. Traditional motor types are no longer able to meet the increasingly complex application needs. Traditional synchronous motors, while offering stable operating characteristics and high efficiency, have deficiencies in starting performance and load adaptability. Traditional asynchronous motors, while offering good starting performance, lack efficiency and control accuracy. Traditional magnetic levitation motors or bearingless motors do not fully utilize the additional magnetic field when generating levitation force, leaving room for potential improvement in motor power density. In short, traditional motors have limitations in performance, starting speed, power density, control flexibility, and operational reliability, making it difficult to meet the comprehensive demands of modern industry for high performance, high efficiency, and high reliability.

[0003] Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a motor with superior performance, flexible control, high power density and high operational reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a mixed-pole-stacked-torque synchronous-asynchronous composite motor based on a squirrel-cage rotor or a wound rotor. By slotting the stator core and building in two sets of windings with unequal pole numbers, and arranging permanent magnets and cage bars or rotor windings on the rotor core, a composite output of synchronous torque and asynchronous torque is achieved. The present invention not only enables the motor to reach the rated operating state quickly and smoothly during the startup phase, but also can drive the motor to operate efficiently by superimposing the two torques.

[0005] The technical solutions adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems are as follows: A mixed-pole-stacked-torque synchronous-asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor based on a squirrel-cage rotor comprises a stator core, a rotor core, rotor bars, permanent magnets, asynchronous armature windings, synchronous armature windings, and a rotating shaft. The stator core is formed by stacking slotted silicon steel sheets. The asynchronous armature windings and synchronous armature windings are both placed in the slots of the stator core, the asynchronous armature windings are wound according to a pole pair number p1, and the synchronous armature windings are wound according to a pole pair number p2, with p1=p2-1. The rotor core is provided with guide bar slots and 2*p2 groups of permanent magnet slots along the circumferential direction. Permanent magnets with alternating polarity are embedded in the permanent magnet slots. The permanent magnets are radially located between the rotating shaft and the rotor bars and do not contact the rotor bars. The rotor bars are located in the rotor guide bar slots and are short-circuited by end rings at both ends of the rotor. The rotating shaft is connected to the rotor core and drives it to rotate.

[0006] Preferably, the mixed-pole and stacked-torque synchronous and asynchronous compound motor based on the squirrel-cage rotor has the following stacked-torque control modes: When the asynchronous armature winding and the synchronous armature winding are respectively fed with currents of frequencies ω1 and ω2, and the formula ω1=(1-s) × ω2 × p1 / p2 is satisfied, the asynchronous armature winding and the synchronous armature winding can simultaneously generate asynchronous torque and synchronous torque respectively, and the two torques are superimposed on each other, where: s is the slip rate of the rotating magnetic field generated by the asynchronous armature winding relative to the motor rotor core, 0 <s<1 ; When the asynchronous armature winding and the synchronous armature winding are respectively fed with current of the same frequency, that is, ω1=ω2, the asynchronous armature winding and the synchronous armature winding can simultaneously generate asynchronous torque, synchronous torque and magnetic levitation force, which not only realizes torque superposition but also reduces the wear of the motor bearings. Moreover, by adjusting the current phase of the asynchronous armature winding, the asynchronous torque and magnetic levitation force can be reasonably distributed.

[0007] Preferably, the permanent magnet slots are V-shaped slots or I-shaped slots, or a combination of V-shaped slots and I-shaped slots, the permanent magnets in adjacent permanent magnet slots have opposite polarities, and the V-shaped slot openings face the stator core.

[0008] A mixed-pole-stacked-torque synchronous-asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor based on a wound rotor, comprising a stator core, a rotor core, a rotor winding, a permanent magnet, an asynchronous armature winding, a synchronous armature winding, a rotating shaft, a collector ring, a spring pressing plate, a brush, and a switch. The stator core is formed by laminating slotted silicon steel sheets; the asynchronous armature winding and the synchronous armature winding are both placed in the slots of the stator core; the asynchronous armature winding is wound according to the pole pair number p1, and the synchronous armature winding is wound according to the pole pair number p2, and p1=p2 -1; the rotor core is provided with guide bar slots and 2*p2 groups of permanent magnet slots along the circumferential direction, and the permanent magnet slots are embedded with permanent magnets with alternating polarity. The permanent magnets are located between the rotating shaft and the rotor winding in the radial direction and do not contact the rotor winding; the rotor winding is located in the rotor guide bar slots, and the outgoing end of the rotor winding is connected to the collector ring through the lead slot on the rotating shaft. The collector ring is connected to the brush through a spring pressing plate, and the connection terminal of the brush is switched to short circuit or open circuit through a switch.

[0009] Preferably, three lead slots are provided on the motor shaft, and three slip rings are fixed on the shaft; the lead-out wires of the rotor three-phase winding pass through the lead slots on the shaft and are connected to the three slip rings one by one; the brushes are pressed toward the slip rings by the spring pressure plate, and the brush terminals are connected to each other through a switch; when the switch is in a closed or open state, the rotor three-phase winding is directly short-circuited through the brushes; when the switch is in an open or closed state, the rotor three-phase winding is in an open-circuit state.

[0010] Preferably, the mixed-pole and stacked-torque synchronous and asynchronous composite motor based on a wound rotor realizes the following operating modes by switching the switch state and adjusting the winding current frequency: Working mode 1: The rotor winding is in an open-circuit state by controlling the switch, and the current frequency in the asynchronous armature winding is controlled to be the same as that in the synchronous armature winding, that is, ω1=ω2. At this time, the motor only generates synchronous torque and suspension force. Working mode 2: The rotor winding is closed by controlling the switch, and the current frequencies in the asynchronous armature winding and the synchronous armature winding are controlled to be the same, that is, ω1=ω2. At this time, the motor simultaneously outputs synchronous torque, asynchronous torque, and suspension force. The asynchronous torque and suspension force can be reasonably distributed by adjusting the current phase of the asynchronous armature winding. Working mode 3: By controlling the switch so that the rotor winding is in a closed state, and controlling the current frequency ω1 of the asynchronous armature winding and the current frequency ω2 of the synchronous armature winding to satisfy ω1=(1-s)×ω2×p1 / p2, the motor simultaneously outputs higher synchronous torque and asynchronous torque.

[0011] Preferably, an excitation slot is added to the rotor core, and an excitation winding is placed in the excitation slot. The excitation magnetic field generated by the direct current passing through the excitation winding and the permanent magnet magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet are superimposed on each other to form the main magnetic field of the motor. The main magnetic field of the motor can be adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the direct current in the electric excitation winding.

[0012] Preferably, the asynchronous armature winding adopts the lap winding method, and the synchronous armature winding adopts the back winding method, so as to increase the winding space of the motor winding, improve the power density of the motor, and shorten the end lead length of the motor.

[0013] The positive beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Significantly improve the starting performance of the motor. Traditional synchronous motors require additional starting devices or complex control strategies when starting, and although asynchronous motors have better starting performance, they are less efficient under high loads. The present invention achieves a composite output of synchronous torque and asynchronous torque by building two sets of windings with unequal pole numbers (i.e., synchronous armature windings and asynchronous armature windings) into the stator core, and arranging permanent magnets and cage bars (or asynchronous motor rotor windings) on the rotor core. During the starting phase, the asynchronous torque can respond quickly, allowing the motor to quickly reach a state close to the rated speed, and then the synchronous torque intervenes to further improve the operating efficiency and stability. This composite torque output method allows the motor to quickly and smoothly reach the rated operating state without the need for additional devices at startup, significantly improving the starting performance and adaptability of the motor, and through the mutual superposition of the two torques, the motor is jointly driven to operate efficiently.

[0014] 2. Reduce bearing wear and extend service life. Motor bearing wear is one of the key factors affecting the life and reliability of the motor. During the operation of traditional motors, the bearings wear quickly due to mechanical friction and vibration, requiring frequent maintenance and replacement. The present invention designs the asynchronous armature winding to have one less pole pair than the synchronous armature winding, so that the asynchronous winding can generate magnetic levitation force. This magnetic levitation force can effectively reduce the mechanical contact between the rotor and the bearing, thereby significantly reducing bearing wear. Compared with traditional motors, the bearing service life of the motor of the present invention can be extended several times, reducing maintenance costs and downtime, and improving the overall reliability and durability of the motor.

[0015] 3. Improve the power density of the motor to meet high performance requirements. Modern industry has increasingly higher requirements for the power density of motors, especially in the fields of new energy vehicles, aerospace, etc. The present invention uses a compact structural design to build two sets of windings into the stator core and optimize the winding method of the windings (the asynchronous armature winding adopts the overlapping winding method, and the synchronous armature winding adopts the back-winding method), which increases the winding space of the motor winding and improves the power density. At the same time, by reasonably allocating asynchronous torque and magnetic levitation force, the motor achieves higher power output while maintaining high efficiency. This high power density design not only meets the modern industry's demand for high performance and high efficiency of motors, but also makes it possible to miniaturize and lightweight the motor.

[0016] 4. Flexible multi-mode switching to adapt to complex working conditions. The mixed-pole and stacked-torque synchronous and asynchronous composite motor of the present invention has a variety of working modes, which can be flexibly switched according to different working conditions. By utilizing the rotor end circuit board, the motor can realize state switching according to the working conditions. It can not only output large torque and suspension force under normal working conditions, but also realize reasonable distribution of asynchronous torque and suspension force under heavy load conditions, thereby increasing the torque output capacity. For example: when long-term stable operation is required, the motor can switch to a mode in which only synchronous torque and suspension force are generated, reducing energy consumption and improving efficiency; when the load suddenly increases, the motor can switch to a mode in which synchronous torque, asynchronous torque and suspension force are output simultaneously, responding quickly and providing greater torque output; when the torque output capacity needs to be further improved, the motor can switch to a mode with higher torque output. This multi-mode switching function enables the motor to adapt to various complex working conditions and improves the flexibility and adaptability of the motor.

[0017] 5. Optimize the control strategy and improve operating efficiency. The control strategy of traditional motors is relatively simple and it is difficult to meet the requirements of efficient operation under complex working conditions. The motor of the present invention combines synchronous and asynchronous characteristics, provides more control freedom, and achieves a reasonable distribution of asynchronous torque and magnetic levitation force by adjusting the current frequency and phase of the asynchronous armature winding, thereby optimizing the operating efficiency of the motor. In addition, the motor can also adjust the main magnetic field strength through the excitation winding to further improve the control accuracy and flexibility. This optimized control strategy not only improves the operating efficiency of the motor, but also reduces energy consumption, which meets the requirements of modern industry for energy saving and high efficiency.

[0018] 6. Reduce manufacturing costs and improve market competitiveness. Although the motor of the present invention adopts advanced design concepts and structures, its manufacturing costs have not increased significantly through structural optimization. The present invention has the advantage of high power density. Its compact structural design enables the motor to achieve higher power output while maintaining high efficiency, meeting the urgent needs of modern industry for high performance and high efficiency motors. In addition, the high reliability and long life of the motor also reduce maintenance costs and replacement frequency. These factors combined make the motor of the present invention have a higher cost-effectiveness in the market, can better meet the needs of users, and improve market competitiveness.

[0019] 7. Promote innovation and development in motor technology. This invention innovatively proposes a hybrid synchronous and asynchronous motor based on a squirrel-cage rotor or wound rotor, offering a novel approach to the development of motor technology. By enabling composite torque output, magnetic levitation force generation, and multi-mode switching, this invention not only solves many problems with traditional motors but also lays the foundation for further innovation and development in motor technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a squirrel-cage rotor-based mixed-pole-stacked-torque synchronous and asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor structure according to the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 The asynchronous winding of the motor shown is expanded schematically; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the expansion of the synchronous winding of the motor shown; Figure 4 for Figure 1 The rotor punching diagram of the motor shown; Figure 5 for Figure 1 The stator lamination diagram of the motor shown; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the external circuit connection structure of a mixed-pole-stacked-torque synchronous and asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor based on a wound rotor according to the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of a mixed-pole-stacked-torque synchronous and asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor based on a wound rotor according to the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of a squirrel-cage rotor-based mixed-pole-stacked-torque synchronous and asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor according to the present invention; In the figure: 1--stator core, 2--rotor cage bar / rotor winding, 3--permanent magnet, 4--asynchronous armature winding, 5--synchronous armature winding, 6--rotor core, 7--excitation winding, 8--rotor shaft, 9--slip ring, 10--brush, 11--switch, 12--rotor guide bar slot, 13--permanent magnet slot, 14--stator slot, 15--asynchronous armature winding A phase connection, 16--asynchronous armature winding B phase connection, 17--asynchronous armature winding C phase connection, 18--synchronous armature winding A phase connection, 19--synchronous armature winding B phase connection, 20--synchronous armature winding C phase connection. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention will be further explained and illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: Example 1: A mixed-pole-stacked-torque synchronous-asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor based on a squirrel-cage rotor, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a stator core 1, a rotor core 6, a rotor cage bar 2, a permanent magnet 3, an asynchronous armature winding 4, a synchronous armature winding 5 and a rotating shaft 8.

[0022] The stator core 1 is made of laminated silicon steel sheets and has 36 stator slots 14 evenly distributed along the circumference for accommodating the stator winding. The stator core 1 adopts a double-layer winding structure, with the inner winding being the asynchronous armature winding 4 and the outer winding being the synchronous armature winding 5. The two sets of windings are wound in the same stator slot 14. The design and winding method of the synchronous armature winding 5 are the same as those of a traditional permanent magnet synchronous motor.

[0023] The rotor core 6 is made of laminated silicon steel sheets and is provided with permanent magnet slots 13. Forty rotor bar slots 12 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction near the outer edge of the rotor core 6. Each rotor bar slot 12 is a closed slot. A rotor bar 2 is fixedly embedded in each rotor bar slot 12. There are a total of 40 rotor bars 2 evenly distributed along the circumferential direction. The length direction of the rotor bars 2 is along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and the size of the rotor bars 2 is the same as the size of the rotor bar slots 12.

[0024] Two layers of V-shaped permanent magnet slots 13 are evenly spaced along the circumference of the rotor core 6. These slots extend axially, with the V-shaped openings facing the stator core 1. A pair of rectangular permanent magnets 3 with opposite polarities are tightly fixed and embedded in each slot. The permanent magnets 3 are radially located between the rotating shaft 8 and the rotor bars 2, without contacting them.

[0025] The asynchronous armature winding 4 and the synchronous armature winding 5 have pole pairs of 3 and 4 respectively. They are wound according to different pole pairs and are both placed in the stator slots 14. The two sets of windings can generate asynchronous torque and synchronous torque respectively at the same time. The pole pair number of the asynchronous armature winding 4 is 1 less than that of the synchronous armature winding 5, which can generate magnetic levitation force and reduce the wear of the motor bearings.

[0026] Synchronous torque generation primarily relies on the interaction between the rotating magnetic field generated by the synchronous armature winding 5 and the rotor permanent magnets 3. When three-phase AC current flows through the synchronous armature winding 5, a rotating magnetic field is generated in the air gap. The speed of this rotating magnetic field (synchronous speed) is related to the power frequency and the number of motor pole pairs. The magnetic field generated by the current in the synchronous armature winding 5 interacts with the magnetic field of the rotor permanent magnets 3, exerting a tangential force on the rotor. This generates synchronous torque, driving the rotor's rotation.

[0027] When three-phase AC current flows through the asynchronous armature winding 4 on the stator, a rotating magnetic field is generated in the air gap. The speed of this rotating magnetic field (synchronous speed) is related to the power frequency and the number of motor pole pairs, as shown by the relationship n1 = 60 f / p, where n1 is the synchronous speed, f is the power frequency, and p is the number of pole pairs. Due to the rotating magnetic field, the rotor bars 2 cut through the magnetic lines of force, generating an induced electromotive force in the rotor bars 2. Because the rotor bars 2 are closed, an induced current is generated. The rotor current interacts with the stator's rotating magnetic field. According to Ampere's force law, this generates a tangential force on the rotor, generating asynchronous torque and driving the rotor's rotation.

[0028] Example 2: A mixed-pole-stacked-torque synchronous-asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor based on a wound rotor, such as Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 in at least the following ways: the rotor bars in the rotor slots are replaced with rotor windings 2; the outgoing wire ends of the rotor windings 2 are connected to the slip rings 9 through the lead slots on the rotating shaft 8; the slip rings 9 are connected to the brushes 10 through the spring pressing sheets; the connection terminals of the brushes 10 are switched between short circuit and open circuit via the switch 11; the motor can realize the following three operating modes: Working mode 1: When the switch 11 is in the open (or closed) state, the rotor winding 2 is short-circuited through the slip ring 9 and the brush 10, and the asynchronous armature winding 4 and the synchronous armature winding 5 are fed with current of the same frequency. The motor then simultaneously outputs synchronous torque, asynchronous torque, and levitation force. The synchronous torque and the asynchronous torque are superimposed on each other to jointly drive the motor to operate efficiently. The levitation force can reduce motor bearing wear and extend the service life of the motor bearings. Since the rotor winding 2 in this mode generates high copper loss, it is not suitable for long-term operation. Operating Mode 2: When the switch 11 is closed (or open), the rotor winding 2 is in an open-circuit state. If the asynchronous armature winding 4 and the synchronous armature winding 5 are fed with current of the same frequency, the motor simultaneously outputs synchronous torque and suspension force. Since the rotor winding 2 in this mode does not generate copper loss, it is suitable for long-term operation. Operating Mode 3: When switch 11 is closed (or open), rotor winding 2 is in an open-circuit state. If the current frequency flowing through the two armature windings satisfies ω1=(1-s) ×ω2×p1 / p2, the motor simultaneously outputs synchronous torque and asynchronous torque, with no levitation force output. In this mode, rotor winding 2 generates no copper loss, making it suitable for long-term high-torque output. However, the motor bearings are susceptible to wear. Example 3: A hybrid excitation type mixed pole and torque synchronous and asynchronous compound motor, such as Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 in at least the following ways: the rotor core 6 further has excitation slots, and the excitation coil is wound across two adjacent excitation slots; when a positive (or negative) current is passed through the excitation coil, the direction of the excited electric excitation magnetic field is the same as the direction of the permanent magnetic field, and the no-load magnetic field of the motor is enhanced; when a negative (or positive) current is passed through the excitation coil, the direction of the excited electric excitation magnetic field is opposite to the direction of the permanent magnetic field, and the no-load magnetic field of the motor is weakened.

[0029] Example 4: A mixed-pole-stacked-torque synchronous-asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor based on a squirrel-cage rotor, such as Figure 8 As shown, the groove shape of the permanent magnet of the motor is a combination of a V-shaped groove and an "I"-shaped groove.

[0030] The above embodiments are intended to fully illustrate the innovative aspects of the present invention, including but not limited to the basic structure of the motor, its expanded types, and the resulting performance advantages. It should be noted that those skilled in the art will be able to make various improvements and modifications without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mixed-pole-stacked-torque synchronous and asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor based on a squirrel-cage rotor, characterized by: The invention comprises a stator core, a rotor core, rotor bars, permanent magnets, an asynchronous armature winding, a synchronous armature winding and a rotating shaft. The stator core is formed by laminating slotted silicon steel sheets. Both the asynchronous armature winding and the synchronous armature winding are placed in the slots of the stator core. The asynchronous armature winding is wound according to the number of pole pairs p1, and the synchronous armature winding is wound according to the number of pole pairs p2, with p1 = p2 - 1. The rotor core is provided with guide bar slots and 2*p2 groups of permanent magnet slots along the circumferential direction. Permanent magnets with alternating polarity are embedded in the permanent magnet slots. The permanent magnets are radially located between the rotating shaft and the rotor bars and do not contact the rotor bars. The rotor bars are located in the rotor guide bar slots and are short-circuited by end rings at both ends of the rotor. The rotating shaft is connected to the rotor core and drives it to rotate.

2. The squirrel cage rotor-based mixed-pole-stacked-torque synchronous and asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The torque stacking control method of the mixed-pole torque stacking synchronous and asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor includes: When the asynchronous armature winding and the synchronous armature winding are respectively fed with currents of frequencies ω1 and ω2, and the formula ω1=(1-s) × ω2 × p1 / p2 is satisfied, the asynchronous armature winding and the synchronous armature winding can simultaneously generate asynchronous torque and synchronous torque respectively, and the two torques are superimposed on each other, where: s is the slip rate of the rotating magnetic field generated by the asynchronous armature winding relative to the motor rotor core, 0 <s<1 ; When the asynchronous armature winding and the synchronous armature winding are respectively fed with current of the same frequency, that is, ω1=ω2, the asynchronous armature winding and the synchronous armature winding can simultaneously generate asynchronous torque, synchronous torque and magnetic levitation force, which not only realizes torque superposition but also reduces the wear of the motor bearings. Moreover, by adjusting the current phase of the asynchronous armature winding, the asynchronous torque and magnetic levitation force can be reasonably distributed.

3. The squirrel cage rotor-based mixed-pole-stacked-torque synchronous and asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The permanent magnet slots are V-shaped slots or "I"-shaped slots, or a combination of V-shaped slots and "I"-shaped slots. The polarities of the permanent magnets in adjacent permanent magnet slots are opposite, and the openings of the V-shaped slots face the stator core.

4. A mixed-pole-stacked-torque synchronous and asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor based on a wound rotor, characterized by: The invention comprises a stator core, a rotor core, a rotor winding, a permanent magnet, an asynchronous armature winding, a synchronous armature winding, a rotating shaft, a collector ring, a spring pressing plate, a brush and a switch. The stator core is formed by laminating slotted silicon steel sheets. The asynchronous armature winding and the synchronous armature winding are both placed in the slots of the stator core. The asynchronous armature winding is wound according to the number of pole pairs p1, and the synchronous armature winding is wound according to the number of pole pairs p2, and p1 = p2. -1; the rotor core is provided with guide bar slots and 2*p2 groups of permanent magnet slots along the circumferential direction, and the permanent magnet slots are embedded with permanent magnets with alternating polarity. The permanent magnets are located between the rotating shaft and the rotor winding in the radial direction and do not contact the rotor winding; the rotor winding is located in the rotor guide bar slots, and the outgoing end of the rotor winding is connected to the collector ring through the lead slot on the rotating shaft. The collector ring is connected to the brush through a spring pressing plate, and the connection terminal of the brush is switched to short circuit or open circuit through a switch.

5. The mixed-pole-stacked-torque synchronous-asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor based on a wound rotor according to claim 4, characterized in that: Three lead slots are provided on the motor shaft, and three slip rings are fixed on the shaft; the lead-out wires of the rotor three-phase winding pass through the lead slots on the shaft and are connected to the three slip rings one by one; the brushes are pressed toward the slip rings by the spring pressure plate, and the brush terminals are connected to each other through a switch; when the switch is in a closed or open state, the rotor three-phase winding is directly short-circuited through the brushes; when the switch is in an open or closed state, the rotor three-phase winding is in an open-circuit state.

6. The mixed-pole-stacked-torque synchronous and asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor based on a wound rotor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mixed-pole-stacked-torque synchronous-asynchronous composite motor based on a wound rotor can achieve the following operating modes by switching the switch state and adjusting the winding current frequency: Working mode 1: The rotor winding is in an open-circuit state by controlling the switch, and the current frequency in the asynchronous armature winding is controlled to be the same as that in the synchronous armature winding, that is, ω1=ω2. At this time, the motor only generates synchronous torque and suspension force. Working mode 2: The rotor winding is closed by controlling the switch, and the current frequencies in the asynchronous armature winding and the synchronous armature winding are controlled to be the same, that is, ω1=ω2. At this time, the motor simultaneously outputs synchronous torque, asynchronous torque, and suspension force. The asynchronous torque and suspension force can be reasonably distributed by adjusting the current phase of the asynchronous armature winding. Working mode 3: By controlling the switch so that the rotor winding is in a closed state, and controlling the current frequency ω1 of the asynchronous armature winding and the current frequency ω2 of the synchronous armature winding to satisfy ω1=(1-s)×ω2×p1 / p2, the motor simultaneously outputs higher synchronous torque and asynchronous torque.

7. The mixed-pole-stacked-torque synchronous-asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: An excitation slot is added to the rotor core, and an excitation winding is placed in the excitation slot. The excitation magnetic field generated by the excitation winding after a DC current is passed through the excitation winding is superimposed on the permanent magnet magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet to form the main magnetic field of the motor. The main magnetic field of the motor is adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the DC current in the electric excitation winding.

8. The mixed-pole-stacked-torque synchronous-asynchronous composite permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, 4 or 7, characterized in that: The asynchronous armature winding adopts the lap winding method, and the synchronous armature winding adopts the back winding method, so as to increase the winding space of the motor winding, improve the power density of the motor, and shorten the end lead length of the motor.

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