Method for preventing and controlling soybean spider mites by utilizing planting layout

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling soybean spider mites by using planting layout, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural prevention and control, and is characterized in that crops which are unfavorable for the survival of spider mites and / or flowering plants which have the functions of repelling pests and attracting natural enemies are planted at the edge of a soybean field and / or between soybean rows. According to the method, the layout of repelling plants (periphery), intercropping crops (inner periphery) and soybeans (core) is adopted, outbreak of Xinjiang soybean spider mites is prevented and controlled, and the purpose of increasing the yield of soybeans is achieved. The application of pesticides can be reduced, tetranychid mites can be effectively prevented and controlled, the cost for preventing and controlling the tetranychid mites is reduced, and the agricultural economic benefits are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural prevention and control, and in particular relates to a method for preventing and controlling soybean spider mites by utilizing planting layout. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, soybean cultivation has continued to expand in northern Xinjiang. However, spider mites, a dominant pest in Xinjiang, reproduce rapidly and have a wide host range. They infest weeds and early spring crops in early spring, gradually migrating to soybean fields as temperatures rise. Their piercing and sucking mouthparts can cause leaf sap to scorch and fall, leading to significant economic losses for soybean production. While traditional chemical control methods have limited the damage caused by spider mites to a certain extent, their long-term use has led to environmental pollution, disruption of ecological balance, and increased pesticide resistance in the pests.

[0003] Crop layout affects spider mite occurrence. Large-scale planting of a single crop, especially soybeans, a crop suitable for spider mite growth and development, not only provides a stable host for spider mites, leading to continued population accumulation, but also reduces biodiversity and weakens ecological pest control. Therefore, while increasing soybean planting area, the layout of the crop should be fully considered.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a method for preventing and controlling soybean spider mites in Xinjiang by utilizing crop layout is a technical problem that those skilled in the art urgently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a method for preventing and controlling soybean spider mites by utilizing planting layout.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for controlling soybean spider mites by utilizing planting layout comprises planting crops that are not conducive to the survival of spider mites and / or flowering plants that have the function of repelling pests and attracting natural enemies at the edge of a soybean field and / or between soybean rows.

[0008] Preferably, the crops that are not conducive to the survival of spider mites are planted between soybean rows.

[0009] Preferably, the crops that are not conducive to the survival of spider mites include one or more of onions, garlic and wheat.

[0010] Beneficial Effects: Planting crops that are detrimental to spider mite growth fails to provide them with the nutrients they need for growth and development, preventing them from completing their normal development. These crops can also release certain chemicals that reduce the species and number of spider mites, thereby alleviating their damage. Among them, onions are plants of the genus Allium in the Amaryllis family, growing 200 to 300 cm tall and flowering and fruiting from April to July; garlic is a perennial herb of the genus Allium in the Amaryllis family, growing 30 to 60 cm tall and flowering in July; and wheat is an annual or biennial herb of the genus Triticum in the Poaceae family, growing 40 to 80 cm tall and flowering and fruiting from May to July. These crops are all detrimental to the occurrence and reproduction of spider mites and can be planted between soybean rows to increase species diversity and reduce the occurrence of soybean spider mites.

[0011] Preferably, the crops that are not conducive to the survival of spider mites are planted in April every year.

[0012] Preferably, the total planting area of the crops that are not conducive to the survival of spider mites is 10-20% of the total area of the soybean field.

[0013] More preferably, the planting area of onions or garlic is 10% of the total area of soybean fields;

[0014] The wheat planting area is 10% of the total soybean field area.

[0015] Among them, onions, garlic and wheat are intercropped economic crops used to block the spread of spider mites. When sowing, they can be done mechanically and field management can be carried out according to conventional procedures.

[0016] Preferably, the flowering plants that attract natural enemies are planted at the edge of the soybean field.

[0017] Preferably, the flowering plants that attract natural enemies include one or more of mint, marigold and basil.

[0018] Beneficial effects: Mint is a perennial herb of the Lamiaceae family and the genus Mentha. It blooms from June to September and can be planted on the edge of soybean fields as a flowering plant to repel spider mites. Marigold is an annual herb of the genus Tagetes of the Asteraceae family. It blooms from July to September and can be planted around soybeans to repel spider mites. Basil is an aromatic plant that can be used as both medicine and food of the Lamiaceae family and the genus Ocimum. It blooms from June to September and can be planted around soybean crops to repel spider mites.

[0019] Preferably, the flowering plants that attract natural enemies are planted from March to May each year.

[0020] Preferably, the total planting area of the flowering plants that attract natural enemies is 10% of the total area of the soybean field.

[0021] Preferably, when sowing flowering plants, trenches are first opened manually or mechanically, and the seeds are evenly placed in the trenches. The sowing depth should be shallow, and a thin layer of soil should be covered with a rake or small machine to prevent the seeds from suffocating. After the flowering plants emerge, thinning or supplementing the seedlings is performed based on the emergence rate, and finally the seedlings are determined. Before flowering, proper management such as leaf thinning, topping, irrigation, and weeding should be performed regularly to ensure the good growth of the flowering plants.

[0022] Preferably, the crops or flowering plants are planted at a spacing of 10-20 cm and a row spacing of 20-30 cm.

[0023] Beneficial effects: Under the above conditions of plant spacing and row spacing, the nutrients, light, etc. required for plant growth can be guaranteed to ensure its normal growth.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0025] This invention uses a "repellent plant (outer perimeter) + intercrop (inner perimeter) + soybean (core)" layout to control spider mite outbreaks in Xinjiang soybeans, thereby increasing soybean yields. This invention can reduce the incidence of spider mites, effectively control them, lower the cost of control, and improve agricultural economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of this application, are intended to provide a further understanding of this application. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of this application are intended to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation on this application. In the accompanying drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planting layout of Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for controlling soybean spider mites by utilizing planting layout, wherein crops that are not conducive to the survival of spider mites and / or flowering plants that have the function of repelling pests and attracting natural enemies are planted at the edge of the soybean field and / or between soybean rows.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the crops that are not conducive to the survival of spider mites are planted between soybean rows.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the crops that are not conducive to the survival of spider mites include one or more of onions, garlic and wheat.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the crops that are not conducive to the survival of spider mites are planted in April every year.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the planting area of the crops that are not conducive to the survival of spider mites is 10-20% of the total area of the soybean field.

[0035] In a more preferred embodiment, the planting area of onions or garlic is 10% of the total area of the soybean field;

[0036] The wheat planting area is 10% of the total soybean field area.

[0037] Among them, onions, garlic and wheat are intercropped economic crops used to block the spread of spider mites. When sowing, they can be done mechanically and field management can be carried out according to conventional procedures.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the flowering plants that attract natural enemies are planted at the edge of the soybean field.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the flowering plants that attract natural enemies include one or more of mint, marigold and basil.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the flowering plants that attract natural enemies are planted from March to May each year.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the planting area of the flowering plants that attract natural enemies is 10% of the total area of the soybean field.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, when sowing flowering plants, trenches are first created manually or mechanically. The seeds are then evenly placed in the trenches at a shallow sowing depth. A thin layer of soil is then applied using a rake or small machine to prevent the seeds from suffocating. After the flowering plants emerge, thinning or supplementing the seedlings is performed based on the emergence rate, and finally, the seedlings are set. Before flowering, proper management is performed, including regular leaf thinning, topping, irrigation, and weeding, to ensure healthy growth of the flowering plants.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the crops or flowering plants are planted at a spacing of 10-20 cm and a row spacing of 20-30 cm.

[0044] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials in the examples of the present invention were purchased from commercial sources;

[0045] Among them, the soybean variety is Huiyuan 720;

[0046] The onion variety is Xinjiang sand onion;

[0047] Xinjiang garlic

[0048] The wheat variety is Xinchun No. 6;

[0049] The conventional soybean sowing mode in the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0050] Wide film (film width 2.05m, thickness 0.015mm) with 24-hole sharp-nosed seeding devices was used, with a plant spacing of 6.5cm, 3 rows per film, and an average row spacing of 76cm. Precision seeding was performed on the film. Three drip irrigation tapes were installed per film, with the drip irrigation tape labyrinth facing the film surface and the labyrinth outlet facing the seed row. Side-sealed soil and precision seeding (1 seed per hole) were used, with a seeding rate of 1.3-1.4kg / 667m. 2 , sowing depth 2.5cm.

[0051] The total area of the soybean fields in the embodiments of the present invention is 10 m×20 m.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] A method of controlling soybean spider mites by using planting layout is piloted at a planting base in Shihezi City. The planting is carried out according to the pattern of "marigold (periphery) + onion (intercropping) + wheat (intercropping) + soybean (core)", that is, marigold is planted on the periphery of soybean, and soybean is intercropped with onion and wheat. Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0054] Before planting, cover the plots with mulch (1.5m wide). Soybeans, onions, and wheat are planted in mid-April, following the conventional soybean sowing pattern. Plant spacing is 10-20cm, and row spacing is 20-30cm. Two rows of onions are planted every 10 rows, adjacent to the soybeans, with a width of approximately 3m. The total planting area accounts for 10% of the total soybean field. Two rows of wheat are planted every 20 rows of soybeans, with a width of approximately 3m. The total planting area accounts for 10% of the total soybean field. Similarly, soybeans, onions, and wheat are intercropped. At the same time, marigolds are planted 2-3m wide around the periphery of the soybean field as a barrier, covering a total planting area of 10% of the total soybean field. Furrows are created manually or mechanically, and flowering plant seeds are evenly placed in the trenches. Sowing should be shallow, and a thin layer of soil is applied to the sown seeds using a rake or small machine to prevent them from suffocating. After flowering plants emerge, thin or supplement seedlings based on the emergence rate before final sizing. Regularly manage the fields before flowering, including leaf thinning, topping, irrigation, and weeding, to ensure healthy growth. Manage soybean fields according to normal field procedures. Regularly remove other weeds, especially those in the Convolvulaceae and Chenopodiaceae families, to ensure the planting area is free of other weeds and to ensure the normal growth of marigolds and intercropped crops.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] A method for controlling soybean spider mites using planting layout was developed at a planting base in Shihezi City. The method employed a "mint (peripheral) + onion (intercropping) + wheat (intercropping) + soybean (core)" planting pattern. Specifically, mint was planted outside the soybeans, and soybeans were intercropped with onions and wheat. The method included the following steps:

[0057] Before planting, the plots were covered with film (1.5m wide). Soybeans, onions, and wheat were planted in mid-April. Soybeans were planted according to conventional soybean sowing patterns, with a plant spacing of 10-20cm and a row spacing of 20-30cm. Two rows of onions were planted adjacent to the soybeans every 10 rows, with an onion planting width of approximately 3m. The total planting area accounted for 10% of the total soybean field area. Two rows of wheat were planted every 20 rows of soybeans, with a wheat planting width of approximately 3m. The total planting area accounted for 10% of the total soybean field area. Similarly, soybeans, onions, and wheat were intercropped. At the same time, 2-3m wide mint was planted as a barrier around the periphery of the soybean field. The total planting area accounted for 10% of the total soybean field area. Furrows were opened manually or mechanically, and flowering plant seeds were evenly placed in the trenches. The sowing depth should be shallow, and a thin layer of soil was applied to the sown seeds using a rake or small machine to prevent them from suffocating. After flowering plants emerge, thin or supplement seedlings based on the emergence rate, and then finalize the seedlings. Regularly manage the fields before flowering, including leaf thinning, topping, irrigation, and weeding, to ensure healthy growth. Manage soybean fields according to normal field procedures. Regularly remove other weeds, especially those in the Convolvulaceae and Chenopodiaceae families, to ensure the planting area is free of other weeds and to ensure the normal growth of mint and intercropped crops.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] A method for controlling soybean spider mites using planting layout was developed. A pilot project was conducted at a planting base in Shihezi City. Basil (outer planting) + onion (intercropping) + wheat (intercropping) + soybean (core planting) was implemented. Basil was planted outside the soybeans, and soybeans were intercropped with onions and wheat. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0060] Before planting, the plots were covered with film (1.5 m wide). Soybeans, onions, and wheat were planted in mid-April. Soybeans were sown according to conventional soybean sowing patterns, with a plant spacing of 10-20 cm and a row spacing of 20-30 cm. Two rows of onions were planted adjacent to the soybeans every 10 rows, with an onion planting width of approximately 3 m. The total planting area accounted for 10% of the total soybean field area. Two rows of wheat were planted every 20 rows of soybeans, with a wheat planting width of approximately 3 m. The total planting area accounted for 10% of the total soybean field area. Soybeans, onions, and wheat were intercropped in this manner. At the same time, 2-3 m wide basil strips were planted around the periphery of the soybean field as a barrier, covering a total planting area of 10% of the total soybean field area. Furrows were opened manually or mechanically, and flowering plant seeds were evenly placed in the trenches. The sowing depth was shallow, and a thin layer of soil was applied to the sown seeds using a rake or small machine to prevent them from suffocating. After flowering plants emerge, thin or supplement seedlings based on the emergence rate, and then finalize the seedlings. Regularly manage the soybean fields before flowering, including leaf thinning, topping, irrigation, and weeding, to ensure healthy growth. Manage the soybean field according to normal field procedures. Regularly remove other weeds, especially those in the Convolvulaceae and Chenopodiaceae families, to ensure the planting area is free of other weeds and to ensure the normal growth of basil and intercropped crops.

[0061] Comparative Example 1

[0062] A method for controlling soybean spider mites using planting layout was piloted at a planting base in Shihezi City, using a planting pattern of "scallions (intercropped) + wheat (intercropped) + soybeans (core)"—that is, soybeans were intercropped with onions and wheat. Specifically, the following steps were included:

[0063] Before planting, the plots were covered with film (1.5m wide). Soybeans, onions, and wheat were planted in mid-April. Soybeans were sown according to conventional soybean sowing patterns, with a plant spacing of 10-20cm and a row spacing of 20-30cm. Two rows of onions were planted adjacent to the soybeans every 10 rows, with an onion planting width of approximately 3m. The total planting area accounted for 10% of the total soybean field area. Two rows of wheat were planted every 20 rows of soybeans, with a wheat planting width of approximately 3m. The total planting area accounted for 10% of the total soybean field area. Soybeans, onions, and wheat were intercropped in this manner. Soybean fields were managed according to normal field procedures. Other weeds, especially those in the Convolvulaceae and Chenopodiaceae families, were removed regularly to ensure that the planting area was free of other weeds.

[0064] Comparative Example 2

[0065] A method of controlling soybean spider mites by using planting layout is piloted at a planting base in Shihezi City. The planting is carried out according to the pattern of "marigold (periphery) + onion (intercropping) + soybean (core)", that is, marigold is planted on the periphery of soybean, and soybean and onion are intercropped. Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0066] Before planting, cover the plots with mulch (1.5m wide). Soybeans and green onions are planted in mid-April. Soybeans are planted according to conventional soybean sowing patterns, with a plant spacing of 10-20cm and a row spacing of 20-30cm. Two rows of green onions are planted adjacent to the soybeans every ten rows, with a green onion planting width of approximately 3m. The total planting area accounts for 10% of the total soybean field area. Similarly, soybeans and green onions are intercropped. At the same time, marigolds are planted as a 2-3m wide barrier around the perimeter of the soybean field, covering a total planting area of 10% of the total soybean field area. Furrows are created manually or mechanically, and flowering plant seeds are evenly placed in the trenches. Sowing should be shallow, and a thin layer of soil is applied using a rake or small machine to prevent suffocation. After the flowering plants emerge, thinning or supplementary seedlings are performed based on the emergence rate, and final seedling determination is performed. Regular management measures, such as leaf thinning, topping, irrigation, and weeding, are performed before flowering to ensure the proper growth of the flowering plants. Manage soybean fields according to normal field procedures. Other weeds, especially plants in the Convolvulaceae and Chenopodiaceae families, should be removed regularly to ensure that there are no other weeds in the planting area and to ensure the normal growth of marigolds and intercrops.

[0067] Comparative Example 3

[0068] A method of controlling soybean spider mites by using planting layout is piloted at a planting base in Shihezi City. The planting is carried out according to the pattern of "marigold (periphery) + wheat (intercropping) + soybean (core)", that is, marigold is planted on the periphery of soybean, and soybean and wheat are intercropped. Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0069] Before planting, cover the plots with mulch (1.5m wide). Soybeans and eggplants are planted in mid-April. Soybeans are planted according to conventional soybean sowing patterns, with a plant spacing of 10-20cm and a row spacing of 20-30cm. Every 20 rows of soybeans are planted with two rows of wheat, with a wheat planting width of approximately 3m. The total planting area covers 10% of the total soybean field area. Soybeans and wheat are intercropped in this manner. At the same time, marigolds are planted as a 2-3m wide barrier around the perimeter of the soybean field, covering 10% of the total soybean field area. Furrows are created manually or mechanically, and flowering plant seeds are evenly placed in the trenches. Sowing should be shallow, and a thin layer of soil should be applied using a rake or small machine to prevent suffocation. After the flowering plants emerge, thinning or supplementary seedlings are performed, depending on the emergence rate, and final seedling determination is performed. Regular management measures, such as leaf thinning, topping, irrigation, and weeding, are performed before flowering to ensure the proper growth of the flowering plants. Manage soybean fields according to normal field procedures. Other weeds, especially plants in the Convolvulaceae and Chenopodiaceae families, should be removed regularly to ensure that there are no other weeds in the planting area and to ensure the normal growth of marigolds and intercrops.

[0070] Comparative Example 4

[0071] Only soybeans were planted as a single crop, and the planting layout of soybeans was the same as in Example 1.

[0072] Technical effect:

[0073] 1. Preparation before testing

[0074] Soybeans were planted using the planting methods of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4, and soybean leaves were sampled in July and August. A five-point sampling method was used: 5 points were selected per plot, 10 soybean plants were surveyed at each point, and the top, middle, and bottom leaves of each plant were sampled, and the number of live mites on the front and back of each leaf was recorded.

[0075] Sample representativeness: Avoid selecting plants at the edge of the field or those that have been recently sprayed.

[0076] 2. Data Analysis

[0077] Calculation of control effect

[0078] Corrected control efficacy = (number of insects in the control area - number of insects in the treated area) / number of insects in the control area × 100%;

[0079] 3. Result evaluation

[0080] The insect population is shown in Table 1:

[0081] Table 1

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] As can be seen from Table 1, different functional plants and intercropping and trapping strips can all prevent and control spider mites. Among them, the control effect of spider mites in the pattern of "marigold (isolation strip) + onion (intercropping) + wheat (intercropping) + soybean" is the best.

[0085] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for controlling soybean spider mites using planting layout, characterized in that: Plant crops that are not conducive to spider mite survival and / or flowering plants that have the function of repelling pests and attracting natural enemies at the edges of soybean fields and / or between soybean rows.

2. The method for controlling soybean spider mites by using planting layout according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crops that are not conducive to the survival of spider mites are planted between soybean rows.

3. The method for controlling soybean spider mites by utilizing planting layout according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crops that are not conducive to the survival of spider mites include one or more of onions, garlic and wheat.

4. The method for controlling soybean spider mites by utilizing planting layout according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crops that are not conducive to the survival of spider mites are planted in April every year.

5. The method for controlling soybean spider mites by using planting layout according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total planting area of the crops that are not conducive to the survival of spider mites is 10-20% of the total area of soybean fields.

6. The method for controlling soybean spider mites using planting layout according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flowering plants with the function of attracting natural enemies are planted at the edge of the soybean field.

7. The method for controlling soybean spider mites using planting layout according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flowering plants with the function of attracting natural enemies include one or more of mint, marigold and basil.

8. The method for controlling soybean spider mites using planting layout according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flowering plants with the function of attracting natural enemies are planted from March to May every year.

9. The method for controlling soybean spider mites using planting layout according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting area of the flowering plants having the function of attracting natural enemies is 5% of the total area of the soybean field.

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